DOCSLIB.ORG

1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CHRISTOPHER VAN HOLLEN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: January 23, 1990 Copyright 199 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Department of State Secretariat 1 51-1 54 Learning how foreign policy machinery worked NSC-State relationship Truman- Acheson Transition to Eisenhower administration McCarthyism John Foster Dulles New Delhi and Calcutta 1 54-1 58 ,nterest in ,ndia Political officer in Delhi and Calcutta Travel and reporting in ,ndia Concern a.out ,ndia/s drift to left Congress Party ,ndian officials 0isits to Dacca Consulate 1eneral relations with em.assy Pakistan 1 5 -1 21 3arachi and political reporting ,ndian and Pakistani biases in Foreign Service 4.S. interests in Pakistan SEATO Political situation in Pakistan Mohammed Ayu. 3han Strains on 4.S.-Pakistani relationship Move to Murree office to service Rawalpindi NATO Affairs 7RPM8 1 21-1 24 1uidance for political consultations in NATO 1 Relations with other bureaus in Department AN3ARA 1 25-1 28 Relations with 1reece- Cyprus NATO Dealing with Turks Turkish view of Soviets NEA 1 28-1 72 ,ndo-Pakistan conflict over East Pakistan Pu.lic opinion on side of ,ndians Nixon administration on Pakistani side Pakistani role in opening to China Attempting even-handed policy Lack of o.jectivity of 4.S. am.assadors on scene Bypassing am.assadors Role of 4.S. consulate general in Dacca Joseph Sisco and Parker Hart 3issinger and NSC Bangladesh as —international basket case“ Am.assador to Sri Lanka 1 72-1 72 How appointed 0iew of Bandaranaike government as unfriendly Few 4.S. interests, strategic or commercial Dealing with Mrs. Bandaranaike Official and private behavior of Sri Lankans Reaction to 4.S. departure from 0ietnam Opening to China Explaining Watergate Non-aligned movement and Sri Lanka Sri Lanka and ,ndia Also am.assador to Maldives Senior Seminar and ,nspection Corps 1 72-1 7 Foreign Service as a career Role of wife in Foreign Service career INTERVIEW $: Lets' start with your bac(ground. Where did you live in your youth and where did you get your education? 2 0AN HOLLENA , grew up in Baltimore, Md. My family had been in the State of Maryland for many years. , graduated from the 1ilman School in Baltimore and then, following my fatherBs foot-steps, , went to Haverford College outside of Philadelphia. My Haverford career was split. , was there for two years at the beginning of the 40s, then , went into the Navy from 1 43-42--, was an officer for part of that time--and afterward , returned to Haverford graduating in 1 47. Then , returned to Baltimore and entered John HopkinsB graduate school. , received a Ph.D. in Political Science in 1 51. A few days after , had finished my graduate program at Hopkins, , joined the Department of State, in June 1 51, in the Executive Secretariat. $: ,ow did you become interested in the Department o. State? 0AN HOLLENA When , was in graduate school, , had three things that , was interested inA one, teachingD the second, journalism and the third was the field of foreign affairs. As , went through graduate school, my interest in foreign affairs intensified and , decided to enter the Department of State. , was older than most of the others who were trying to enter the Department, because of the length of my academic studies. Therefore, , entered the Department rather than the Foreign Service and converted to the latter in 1 54, as part of the Wriston program. $: /ou were with the Secretariat from 1901102. What were you doing? 0AN HOLLENA , was basically doing support work for the Secretary of State and for the senior officers of the Department. ,t was one of the best jo.s that any person entering the Foreign Service could have had at that time because you got an extraordinary overview of the Department, even through you were young and very junior. Eou worked with some of the top people in the Department, not closely in every case, but in a staff support position. For example, , worked on a num.er of conferences or other activities involving Dean Acheson, who in my judgment, has been the outstanding Secretary of State of my lifetime. Within a few months of joining the Department, , was on foreign trips--to 1ermany, to 3orea, to the NATO Conference in Lis.on in Fe.ruary 1 52 7that was the meeting at which Turkey and 1reece joined NATO8. , was at an ideal vantage point from which to learn how the foreign policy machinery of our government worked. This was true both for the Department and other agencies because one was in close touch with Department of Defense and with the NSC--we worked very closely with the NSC staff. ,t was an ideal place to start a career. $: What was your impression o. the relationships between the Department o. State, the NSC and De.ense in the 1901102 period? 0AN HOLLENA As a general statement, , would say that the relationship between State, NSC and Defense was very good, certainly in the early period of my involvement in the Department of State. One of the reasons for that was the extraordinary relationship .etween President Harry Truman and Secretary Dean Acheson. There pro.a.ly could not 3 have been two more dissimilar individuals in terms of background or temperament, but they got along extremely well. One of the reasons was that Dean Acheson recogniFed the primacy of the Presidency. When Jimmy Byrnes was Secretary of State, he didnBt recogniFe that. He had hoped to become President himself. Acheson, on the other hand, was very careful during international conferences to either report by telegram or telephone to the President, so that there would be no surprises for Harry Truman on major issues. ,t was a very creative period of American diplomacy. ,t was a period when NATO was getting underwayD it was the period of the Truman DoctrineD it was one of the more exciting periods in American diplomacy. , feel very pleased and privileged to have joined the Department at that time. $: Were you there during the transition between the Truman Administration and the Eisenhower one? 0AN HOLLENA , was. There were some bumpy aspects to that period, particularly when John Foster Dulles, as the new Secretary in early 1 53, assem.led the State Department employees outside the building. ,t was a cold day. He made a statement to the effect that loyalty up begets loyalty down or something like that. The suggestion was that some of the DepartmentBs people might be less than loyal to the new Administration. , must also underscore the fact that this was the McCarthy era and there was tremendous suspicion of the Department of State in some Guarters--from Congress and from parts of the American pu.lic and press. Acheson, as Secretary of State, had borne the brunt of some of these attacks very effectively. When John Foster Dulles came in, there was a concern among a num.er of people in the Department, including myself, that Dulles Guestioned the loyalty of the people in the Department. Let me emphasiFe, however, that this was a transient period. By the end of 1 53, Dulles felt more secure in his position as Secretary and the .ureaucracy was more comforta.le in dealing with him. So after a rather rocky start, the relationship worked out reasona.ly well. $: /ou served in the Secretariat during the height o. the McCarthy period. How did you as a junior person feel about this period? 0AN HOLLENA ,t did not affect me personally, but it did have an impact. Some of the senior people , dealt with were particularly sensitive to being seen as HsoftH on Communism and related issues. This naturally affected people down the line in State as a spin-off effect. That was part of the atmosphere at the time. ,t tended to make it harder to de.ate issues within the Department than it might have otherwise been. $: /ou suggest that there may have been a certain amount o. posturing to appear ideologically sound. 0AN HOLLENA Ees, but that is not entirely uniGue. Top political leaders in 1overnment Departments in the 4nited States, whether State or Defense or elsewhere, are often adjusting to or reflecting domestic political pressures. That was certainly true in the early 50s. ,t became less so with the reduction of power of McCarthy, with the increasing self- 4 confidence of the Administration, and with the re-election of President Eisenhower in 1 52. But it was certainly part of the atmosphere from early 1 53 into 1 54. $: Did you feel that when Dulles came in, despite his pre6udices, surrounded as he was by pro.essionals, there was strong leadership? Did they (now where they wanted to go? 0AN HOLLENA Ees and no. Eou did have the professionals who were carried on into the Eisenhower-Dulles Administration. One felt comforta.le with them because one knew them. At the same time, John Foster Dulles had on his personal staff two people--John Hanes, who later became a good friend--and Roderic OBConnor, who died some years ago. These two came in with Dulles and worked in his outer office. They threw their weight around rather effectively in the first year. Again, it was part of a new Administration/s effort to put its own imprint on both policy and the modus operandi of the Department. Even though this does occur with every new Administration, , felt it perhaps more because , had not experienced any other transition period in my career. During su.seGuent transitions, , was sometimes overseas.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • American Diplomacy Project: a US Diplomatic Service for the 21St
    AMERICAN DIPLOMACY PROJECT A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Ambassador Nicholas Burns Ambassador Marc Grossman Ambassador Marcie Ries REPORT NOVEMBER 2020 American Diplomacy Project: A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs Harvard Kennedy School 79 JFK Street Cambridge, MA 02138 www.belfercenter.org Statements and views expressed in this report are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School, or the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. Design and layout by Auge+Gray+Drake Collective Works Copyright 2020, President and Fellows of Harvard College Printed in the United States of America FULL PROJECT NAME American Diplomacy Project A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Ambassador Nicholas Burns Ambassador Marc Grossman Ambassador Marcie Ries REPORT NOVEMBER 2020 Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs | Harvard Kennedy School i ii American Diplomacy Project: A U.S. Diplomatic Service for the 21st Century Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................3 10 Actions to Reimagine American Diplomacy and Reinvent the Foreign Service ........................................................5 Action 1 Redefine the Mission and Mandate of the U.S. Foreign Service ...................................................10 Action 2 Revise the Foreign Service Act ................................. 16 Action 3 Change the Culture ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Brownell-Herbert-Papers.Pdf
    DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER LIBRARY ABILENE, KANSAS BROWNELL, HERBERT JR.: Papers, 1877-1988 Accessions 88-12 and 89-11 The papers of Herbert Brownell were deposited in the Eisenhower Library by Mr. Brownell in 1988 and 1989. Linear feet of shelf space occupied: 114 Approximate number of pages: 222,000 Approximate number of items: 100,000 An instrument of gift for these papers was signed by Mr. Brownell in June 1988. Literary rights in the unpublished writings of Mr. Brownell in this collection and in all other collections of papers received by the United States have been donated to the public. Under terms of the instrument of gift the following classes of documents are withheld from research use: 1. Papers which constitute an invasion of personal privacy or a libel of a living person. 2. Papers which are required to be kept secret in the interest of national defense or foreign policy and are properly classified. SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE Herbert Brownell, lawyer, politician, and Attorney General of the United States, was born in Nebraska in 1904 of New England ancestry. His father, Herbert Brownell Sr., was a college professor who taught science education at the University of Nebraska for many years. His older brother Samuel also became a teacher and served as Commissioner of Education during the Eisenhower administration. Their mother, May Miller Brownell, was the daughter of a minister in upstate New York. Her uncle William Miller served as Attorney General during the Benjamin Harrison administration. After majoring in journalism at the University of Nebraska Brownell received a scholarship to Yale Law School.
    [Show full text]
  • How Sex Got Into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism As a Maker of Public Policy
    Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality Volume 9 Issue 2 Article 1 June 1991 How Sex Got into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy Jo Freeman Follow this and additional works at: https://lawandinequality.org/ Recommended Citation Jo Freeman, How Sex Got into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy, 9(2) LAW & INEQ. 163 (1991). Available at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/lawineq/vol9/iss2/1 Minnesota Journal of Law & Inequality is published by the University of Minnesota Libraries Publishing. How "Sex" Got Into Title VII: Persistent Opportunism as a Maker of Public Policy Jo Freeman* The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a milestone of federal legis- lation. Like much major legislation, it had "incubated" for decades but was birthed in turmoil. On June 19, 1963, after the civil rights movement of the fifties and early sixties had focused national at- tention on racial injustice, President John F. Kennedy sent a draft omnibus civil rights bill to the Congress.' On February 8, 1964, while the bill was being debated on the House floor, Rep. Howard W. Smith of Virginia, Chairman of the Rules Committee and staunch opponent of all civil rights legislation, rose up and offered a one-word amendment to Title VII, which prohibited employment discrimination. He proposed to add "sex" to the bill in order "to prevent discrimination against another minority group, the women . "2 This stimulated several hours of humorous debate, later en- shrined as "Ladies Day in the House," 3 before the amendment was passed by a teller vote of 168 to 133.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix File 1958 Post-Election Study (1958.T)
    app1958.txt Version 01 Codebook ------------------- CODEBOOK APPENDIX FILE 1958 POST-ELECTION STUDY (1958.T) >> 1958 CONGRESSIONAL CANDIDATE CODE, POSITIVE REFERENCES CODED REFERENCES TO OPPONENT ONLY IN REASONS FOR VOTE. ELSEWHERE CODED REFERENCES TO OPPONENT IN OPPONENT'S CODE. CANDIDATE 00. GOOD MAN, WELL QUALIFIED FOR THE JOB. WOULD MAKE A GOOD CONGRESSMAN. R HAS HEARD GOOD THINGS ABOUT HIM. CAPABLE, HAS ABILITY 01. CANDIDATE'S RECORD AND EXPERIENCE IN POLITICS, GOVERNMENT, AS CONGRESSMAN. HAS DONE GOOD JOB, LONG SERVICE IN PUBLIC OFFICE 02. CANDIDATE'S RECORD AND EXPERIENCE OTHER THAN POLITICS OR PUBLIC OFFICE OR NA WHETHER POLITICAL 03. PERSONAL ABILITY AND ATTRIBUTES. A LEADER, DECISIVE, HARD-WORKING, INTELLIGENT, EDUCATED, ENERGETIC 04. PERSONAL ABILITY AND ATTRIBUTES. HUMBLE, SINCERE, RELIGIOUS 05. PERSONAL ABILITY AND ATTRIBUTES. MAN OF INTEGRITY. HONEST. STANDS UP FOR WHAT HE BELIEVES IN. PUBLIC SPIRITED. CONSCIENTIOUS. FAIR. INDEPENDENT, HAS PRINCIPLES 06. PERSONAL ATTRACTIVENESS. LIKE HIM AS A PERSON, LIKABLE, GOOD PERSONALITY, FRIENDLY, WARM 07. PERSONAL ATTRACTIVENESS. COMES FROM A GOOD FAMILY. LIKE HIS FAMILY, WIFE. GOOD HOME LIFE 08. AGE, NOT TOO OLD, NOT TOO YOUNG, YOUNG, OLD 09. OTHER THE MAN, THE PARTY, OR THE DISTRICT 10. CANDIDATE'S PARTY AFFILIATION. HE IS A (DEM) (REP) 11. I ALWAYS VOTE A STRAIGHT TICKET. TO SUPPORT MY PARTY 12. HE'S DIFFERENT FROM (BETTER THAN) MOST (D'S) (R'S) 13. GOOD CAMPAIGN. GOOD SPEAKER. LIKED HIS CAMPAIGN, Page 1 app1958.txt CLEAN, HONEST. VOTE-GETTER 14. HE LISTENS TO THE PEOPLE BACK HOME. HE DOES (WILL DO) WHAT THE PEOPLE WANT 15. HE MIXES WITH THE COMMON PEOPLE.
    [Show full text]
  • Fair Employment, Voting Rights, and Racial Violence (Including Introduction) Timothy N
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass History Publications Dept. of History 2013 Fair Employment, Voting Rights, and Racial Violence (including Introduction) Timothy N. Thurber Virginia Commonwealth University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs Part of the United States History Commons Copyright © 2013 by the University Press of Kansas Recommended Citation Thurber, Timothy N. "Fair Employment, Voting Rights, and Racial Violence (including Introduction)" In Republicans and race: the GOP's frayed relationship with African Americans, 1945-1974. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2013, Available from VCU Scholars Compass, http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/hist_pubs/8. This Book Chapter is brought to you for free and open access by the Dept. of History at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Publications by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Republicans and Race The GOP's Frayed Relationship with African Americans, 1945-1974 Timothy N. Thurber o UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KANSAS VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY JK- ~35G .-\ ~B © 2013 by the University Press of Kansas ~O{3 All rights reserved Published by the University Press of Kansas (Lawrence, Kansas 66045), which was organized by the Kansas Board of Regents and is operated and funded by Emporia State University, Fort Hays State University, Kansas State University, Pittsburg State University, the University of Kansas, and Wichita State University. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Thurber, Timothy Nels. Republicans and race: the GOP's frayed relationship with African Americans, 1945-1974/ Timothy N . Thurber. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Choosing Sides and Guiding Policy United States’ and Pakistan’S Wars in Afghanistan
    UNIVERSITY OF FLORDA Choosing Sides and Guiding Policy United States’ and Pakistan’s Wars in Afghanistan Azhar Merchant 4/24/2019 Table of Contents I. Introduction… 2 II. Political Settlement of the Mujahedeen War… 7 III. The Emergence of the Taliban and the Lack of U.S. Policy… 27 IV. The George W. Bush Administration… 50 V. Conclusion… 68 1 I. Introduction Forty years of war in Afghanistan has encouraged the most extensive periods of diplomatic and military cooperation between the United States and Pakistan. The communist overthrow of a relatively peaceful Afghan government and the subsequent Soviet invasion in 1979 prompted the United States and Pakistan to cooperate in funding and training Afghan mujahedeen in their struggle against the USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Afghanistan entered a period of civil war throughout the 1990s that nurtured Islamic extremism, foreign intervention, and the rise of the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, ultimately culminating in the devastating attacks against Americans on September 11th. Seventeen years later, the United States continues its war in Afghanistan while its relationship with Pakistan has deteriorated to an all-time low. The mutual fear of Soviet expansionism was the unifying cause for Americans and Pakistanis to work together in the 1980s, yet as the wars in Afghanistan evolved, so did the countries’ respective aims and objectives.1 After the Soviets were successfully pushed out of the region by the mujahedeen, the United States felt it no longer had any reason to stay. The initial policy aim of destabilizing the USSR through prolonged covert conflict in Afghanistan was achieved.
    [Show full text]
  • By Any Other Name: How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made
    By Any Other Name How, When, and Why the US Government Has Made Genocide Determinations By Todd F. Buchwald Adam Keith CONTENTS List of Acronyms ................................................................................. ix Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 Section 1 - Overview of US Practice and Process in Determining Whether Genocide Has Occurred ....................................................... 3 When Have Such Decisions Been Made? .................................. 3 The Nature of the Process ........................................................... 3 Cold War and Historical Cases .................................................... 5 Bosnia, Rwanda, and the 1990s ................................................... 7 Darfur and Thereafter .................................................................... 8 Section 2 - What Does the Word “Genocide” Actually Mean? ....... 10 Public Perceptions of the Word “Genocide” ........................... 10 A Legal Definition of the Word “Genocide” ............................. 10 Complications Presented by the Definition ...............................11 How Clear Must the Evidence Be in Order to Conclude that Genocide has Occurred? ................................................... 14 Section 3 - The Power and Importance of the Word “Genocide” .. 15 Genocide’s Unique Status .......................................................... 15 A Different Perspective ..............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Presidential Papers, 1961-69 1964 PRINCIPAL FILE Series
    EISENHOWER, DWIGHT D.: Post-Presidential Papers, 1961-69 1964 PRINCIPAL FILE Series Description The 1964 Principal File, which was the main office file for Dwight D. Eisenhower’s Gettysburg Office, is divided into two subseries--a subject file and an alphabetical file. The subject subseries consists of a little over twenty-three boxes of material, and it is arranged alphabetically by subject. This subseries contains such categories as appointments, autographs, endorsements, gifts, invitations, memberships, memoranda, messages, political affairs, publications, statements, and trips. Invitations generated the greatest volume of correspondence, followed by appointments, messages, and gifts. Documentation in this subseries includes correspondence, schedules, agendas, articles, memoranda, transcripts of interviews, and reports. The alphabetical subseries, which has a little over thirty-four boxes, is arranged alphabetically by names of individuals and organizations. It is primarily a correspondence file, but it also contains printed materials, speeches, cross-reference sheets, interview transcripts, statements, clippings, and photographs. During 1964 Eisenhower was receiving correspondence from the public at the rate of over fifty thousand letters a year. This placed considerable strain on Eisenhower and his small office staff, and many requests for appointments, autographs, speeches, endorsements, and special messages met with a negative response. Although the great bulk of the correspondence in this series involves routine matters, there are considerable letters and memoranda which deal with national and international issues, events, and personalities. Some of the subjects discussed in Eisenhower’s correspondence include the 1964 presidential race, NATO, the U.S. space program, the U. S. economy, presidential inability and succession, defense policies, civil rights legislation, political extremists, and Cuba.
    [Show full text]
  • The Foreign Service Journal, November 2017
    PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION NOVEMBER 2017 IN THEIR OWN WRITE THE AID-DEVELOPMENT CONUNDRUM OWNING LEADERSHIP FOREIGN SERVICE November 2017 Volume 94, No.9 Focus on Foreign Service Authors 27 In Their Own Write We are pleased to present this year’s roundup of books by Foreign Service members and their families. 42 Of Related Interest Here are recent books of interest to the foreign affairs community that 21 were not written by members Writing and the 24 of the Foreign Service. Foreign Service On the Writing Unique experiences are the stuff of Roller Coaster Foreign Service life—and compelling There’s no more everyday 52 literature. One former FSO describes boredom, but don’t expect writing Bibliography of USAID his journey to becoming a writer. to be easier than your old job. Authors–An Update By Peter Kujawinski By Charles Ray By John Pielemeier Feature 54 When Criticism Falls on Deaf Ears: The Case of U.S. Foreign Aid Although economists and practitioners have questioned the theory behind foreign assistance to underdeveloped countries for more than four decades, the aid industry is bigger and stronger than ever today. By Thomas Dichter THE FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL | NOVEMBER 2017 5 FOREIGN SERVICE Perspectives 85 Departments Reflections An Ambassador 10 7 Returns to China Letters President’s Views By Bea Camp Serving in Hardship Posts 13 Talking Points By Barbara Stephenson 70 In Memory 9 Letter from the Editor The Writing Life By Shawn Dorman Marketplace 19 80 Speaking Out Classifieds Owning Leadership 86 82 Real Estate By Michael Pelletier Local Lens London, United Kingdom 84 Index to Advertisers By Brittany McAnally AFSA NEWS THE OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION 59 The Foreign Service: A Home Run for America 66 AFSA Congratulates JSP Graduates 60 AFSA On the Hill—Supporting 67 A Great Way to Support AFSA U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • WHORM Subject File Code: HO001 Case File Number(S): 028260
    Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. WHORM Subject File Code: HO001 Case File Number(s): 028260 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ ~ 028260 .a I WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENCE TRACKING WORKSHEET 0 0 • OUTGOING 0 H • INTERNAL 0'°"1 • INCOMING - Date Correspondence 01/ oG:i I /.' 1 Received (VY/MM/DD) ~U~~-~-~~~- Name of Correspondent: ~ ff. iJl,./__~~ ~ Ml Mail Report User Codes: (A) (B) (C) ____ Subject: ~~ d~n~·u /--~JV Z2~Ld~ 1 11 &-v4 t {µ-1R ), J?r1. ROUTE TO: ACTION DISPOSITION Tracking Type Completion Action Date of Date Office/Agency (Staff Name) Code YY/MM/DD Response Code YY/MM/DD ORIGINATOR Referral Note: ----- Referral Note: Referral Note: Referral Note: ACTION CODES: DISPOSITION CODES: A - Appropriate Action I - Info Copy Only/No Action Necessary A - Answered C - Completed C - Comment/Recommendation R - Direct Reply w/Copy B - Non-Special Referral S - Suspended D - Draft Response S - For Signature F - Furnish Fact Sheet X - Interim Reply to be used as Enclosure FOR OUTGOING CORRESPONDENCE: Type of Response = Initials of Signer Code = "A" Completion Date = Date of Outgoing Keep this worksheet attached to the original incoming letter. Send all routing updates to Central Reference (Room 75, OEOB). Always return completed correspondence record to Central Files.
    [Show full text]
  • June 16-30, 1969
    RICHARD NIXON PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY DOCUMENT WITHDRAWAL RECORD DOCUMENT DOCUMENT SUBJECT/TITLE OR CORRESPONDENTS DATE RESTRICTION NUMBER TYPE 1 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest – 6/27/1969 A Appendix “A” 2 List St. Lawrence Seaway and Power 6/27/1969 A Development Seating, p. 2 – Appendix “C” 3 Manifest Helicopter Passenger Manifest – 6/27/1969 A Appendix “D” COLLECTION TITLE BOX NUMBER WHCF: SMOF: Office of Presidential Papers and Archives RC-3 FOLDER TITLE President Richard Nixon’s Daily Diary June 16, 1969 – June 30, 1969 PRMPA RESTRICTION CODES: A. Release would violate a Federal statute or Agency Policy. E. Release would disclose trade secrets or confidential commercial or B. National security classified information. financial information. C. Pending or approved claim that release would violate an individual’s F. Release would disclose investigatory information compiled for law rights. enforcement purposes. D. Release would constitute a clearly unwarranted invasion of privacy G. Withdrawn and return private and personal material. or a libel of a living person. H. Withdrawn and returned non-historical material. DEED OF GIFT RESTRICTION CODES: D-DOG Personal privacy under deed of gift -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION *U.S. GPO; 1989-235-084/00024 NA 14021 (4-85) THE WHITE HOUSE PRESIDENT RICHARD NIXON'S DAILY DIARY (See Travel Record for Travel Activity) PJ.ACE DAY BEGAi"l DATE (Mo., Day, Yr.) JUNE 16, 1969 TIME DA~ rrg F. W H ... f-lOTTSE - WashinQ'ton D. C 8:30 am MONDAY PHONE TIME P=placed R=Received ACTIVITY In Out Lo LD 8 :30 The President went to his office.
    [Show full text]
  • NRC-2021-000027, Request for Copies of All Dissent Channel
    U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Mail Stop TWFN-6 A60M Washington, DC 20555-0001 Email: [email protected] November 9, 2020 Greetings, This is a request under the Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”), 5 U.S.C. § 552 and the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. § 552a. This request should be considered under both statutes to maximize the release of records. REQUESTER INFORMATION Name: Kenneth Klippenstein Position: DC Correspondent/The Nation Address: (b) (6) Email: (b) (6) Phone: (b) (6) Noelle Llamas Email: (b) (6) (b) (6) RECORDS SOUGHT I respectfully request copies of all dissent channel cables, memos or any other similar type of submission received by your agency from January 1, 2009 to November 9, 2020. BACKGROUND Many federal agencies contain a messaging framework through which they are invited to express constructive criticism of government policy; this request will refer to such mechanisms as a “dissent channel.” Some agencies may not formally call it a dissent channel but the purpose is the same. For example, The Central Intelligence Agency has "red teams" of intelligence officers and analysts "dedicated to arguing against the intelligence community's conventional wisdom and spotting flaws in logic and analysis.1 In 1980, one year after the Three Mile Island nuclear meltdown, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) created its Differing Professional Opinion process, a dissent resolution mechanism.2 In 2011 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) created a dissent reporting mechanism they called the Direct Channel, and made
    [Show full text]