Rogen Moraine: an Example of Glacial Reshaping of Pre-Existing Landforms
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Ribbed Bedforms in Palaeo-Ice Streams Reveal Shear Margin
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-336 Preprint. Discussion started: 21 November 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Ribbed bedforms in palaeo-ice streams reveal shear margin positions, lobe shutdown and the interaction of meltwater drainage and ice velocity patterns Jean Vérité1, Édouard Ravier1, Olivier Bourgeois2, Stéphane Pochat2, Thomas Lelandais1, Régis 5 Mourgues1, Christopher D. Clark3, Paul Bessin1, David Peigné1, Nigel Atkinson4 1 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans CEDEX 9, France 2 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes CEDEX 3, France 10 3 Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK 4 Alberta Geological Survey, 4th Floor Twin Atria Building, 4999-98 Ave. Edmonton, AB, T6B 2X3, Canada Correspondence to: Jean Vérité ([email protected]) Abstract. Conceptual ice stream landsystems derived from geomorphological and sedimentological observations provide 15 constraints on ice-meltwater-till-bedrock interactions on palaeo-ice stream beds. Within these landsystems, the spatial distribution and formation processes of ribbed bedforms remain unclear. We explore the conditions under which these bedforms develop and their spatial organisation with (i) an experimental model that reproduces the dynamics of ice streams and subglacial landsystems and (ii) an analysis of the distribution of ribbed bedforms on selected examples of paleo-ice stream beds of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. We find that a specific kind of ribbed bedforms can develop subglacially 20 from a flat bed beneath shear margins (i.e., lateral ribbed bedforms) and lobes (i.e., submarginal ribbed bedforms) of ice streams. -
Landscape Character Assessment
OUSE WASHES Landscape Character Assessment Kite aerial photography by Bill Blake Heritage Documentation THE OUSE WASHES CONTENTS 04 Introduction Annexes 05 Context Landscape character areas mapping at 06 Study area 1:25,000 08 Structure of the report Note: this is provided as a separate document 09 ‘Fen islands’ and roddons Evolution of the landscape adjacent to the Ouse Washes 010 Physical influences 020 Human influences 033 Biodiversity 035 Landscape change 040 Guidance for managing landscape change 047 Landscape character The pattern of arable fields, 048 Overview of landscape character types shelterbelts and dykes has a and landscape character areas striking geometry 052 Landscape character areas 053 i Denver 059 ii Nordelph to 10 Mile Bank 067 iii Old Croft River 076 iv. Pymoor 082 v Manea to Langwood Fen 089 vi Fen Isles 098 vii Meadland to Lower Delphs Reeds, wet meadows and wetlands at the Welney 105 viii Ouse Valley Wetlands Wildlife Trust Reserve 116 ix Ouse Washes 03 THE OUSE WASHES INTRODUCTION Introduction Context Sets the scene Objectives Purpose of the study Study area Rationale for the Landscape Partnership area boundary A unique archaeological landscape Structure of the report Kite aerial photography by Bill Blake Heritage Documentation THE OUSE WASHES INTRODUCTION Introduction Contains Ordnance Survey data © Crown copyright and database right 2013 Context Ouse Washes LP boundary Wisbech County boundary This landscape character assessment (LCA) was District boundary A Road commissioned in 2013 by Cambridgeshire ACRE Downham as part of the suite of documents required for B Road Market a Landscape Partnership (LP) Heritage Lottery Railway Nordelph Fund bid entitled ‘Ouse Washes: The Heart of River Denver the Fens.’ However, it is intended to be a stand- Water bodies alone report which describes the distinctive March Hilgay character of this part of the Fen Basin that Lincolnshire Whittlesea contains the Ouse Washes and supports the South Holland District Welney positive management of the area. -
Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS)
Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands (RIS) Categories approved by Recommendation 4.7 (1990), as amended by Resolution VIII.13 of the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2002) and Resolutions IX.1 Annex B, IX.6, IX.21 and IX. 22 of the 9th Conference of the Contracting Parties (2005). Notes for compilers: 1. The RIS should be completed in accordance with the attached Explanatory Notes and Guidelines for completing the Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands. Compilers are strongly advised to read this guidance before filling in the RIS. 2. Further information and guidance in support of Ramsar site designations are provided in the Strategic Framework for the future development of the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Wise Use Handbook 7, 2nd edition, as amended by COP9 Resolution IX.1 Annex B). A 3rd edition of the Handbook, incorporating these amendments, is in preparation and will be available in 2006. 3. Once completed, the RIS (and accompanying map(s)) should be submitted to the Ramsar Secretariat. Compilers should provide an electronic (MS Word) copy of the RIS and, where possible, digital copies of all maps. 1. Name and address of the compiler of this form: FOR OFFICE USE ONLY. DD MM YY Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House City Road Designation date Site Reference Number Peterborough Cambridgeshire PE1 1JY UK Telephone/Fax: +44 (0)1733 – 562 626 / +44 (0)1733 – 555 948 Email: [email protected] 2. Date this sheet was completed/updated: Designated: 28 November 1985 3. Country: UK (England) 4. Name of the Ramsar site: Martin Mere 5. -
Calving Processes and the Dynamics of Calving Glaciers ⁎ Douglas I
Earth-Science Reviews 82 (2007) 143–179 www.elsevier.com/locate/earscirev Calving processes and the dynamics of calving glaciers ⁎ Douglas I. Benn a,b, , Charles R. Warren a, Ruth H. Mottram a a School of Geography and Geosciences, University of St Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK b The University Centre in Svalbard, PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Norway Received 26 October 2006; accepted 13 February 2007 Available online 27 February 2007 Abstract Calving of icebergs is an important component of mass loss from the polar ice sheets and glaciers in many parts of the world. Calving rates can increase dramatically in response to increases in velocity and/or retreat of the glacier margin, with important implications for sea level change. Despite their importance, calving and related dynamic processes are poorly represented in the current generation of ice sheet models. This is largely because understanding the ‘calving problem’ involves several other long-standing problems in glaciology, combined with the difficulties and dangers of field data collection. In this paper, we systematically review different aspects of the calving problem, and outline a new framework for representing calving processes in ice sheet models. We define a hierarchy of calving processes, to distinguish those that exert a fundamental control on the position of the ice margin from more localised processes responsible for individual calving events. The first-order control on calving is the strain rate arising from spatial variations in velocity (particularly sliding speed), which determines the location and depth of surface crevasses. Superimposed on this first-order process are second-order processes that can further erode the ice margin. -
Multiple Glaciation and Gold-Placer
MULTIPLE GLACIATION AND GOLD-PLACER STATE OF ALASKA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL & GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS 1990 MULTIPLE GLACIATION AND GOLD-PLACER FORMATION, VALDEZ CREEK VALLEY, WESTERN CLEARWATER MOUNTAINS, ALASKA By Richard D. Reger and Thomas K. Bundtzen Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys Professional Report 107 Prepared in cooperation with U.S.Bureau of Mines Fairbanks, Alaska 1990 STATE OF ALASKA Steve Cowper, Governor DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Lennie Gorsuch, Commissioner DIVISION OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS Robert B. Forbes, Director and State Geologist Cover: Oblique aerial view northeast of Valdez Creek Mine and glaciated lower Valdez Creek valley. Photograph courtesy of Valdez Creek Mining Company. Available from Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, 3700 Airport Way, Fairbanks, AK 997094699 and from U.S. Geological Sulvey Earth Science Information Centers, 4230 University Drive, Room 101, Anchorage, AK 99508 and 605 West 4th Avenue, Room G84, Anchorage, AK 99501. Mail orders should be addressed to the DGGS office in Fairbanks. Cost $4.50. CONTENTS I'age Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................................ Introduction and mining history ................................................................................................................................ Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................................... -
World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. -
A Globally Complete Inventory of Glaciers
Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 60, No. 221, 2014 doi: 10.3189/2014JoG13J176 537 The Randolph Glacier Inventory: a globally complete inventory of glaciers W. Tad PFEFFER,1 Anthony A. ARENDT,2 Andrew BLISS,2 Tobias BOLCH,3,4 J. Graham COGLEY,5 Alex S. GARDNER,6 Jon-Ove HAGEN,7 Regine HOCK,2,8 Georg KASER,9 Christian KIENHOLZ,2 Evan S. MILES,10 Geir MOHOLDT,11 Nico MOÈ LG,3 Frank PAUL,3 Valentina RADICÂ ,12 Philipp RASTNER,3 Bruce H. RAUP,13 Justin RICH,2 Martin J. SHARP,14 THE RANDOLPH CONSORTIUM15 1Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 2Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA 3Department of Geography, University of ZuÈrich, ZuÈrich, Switzerland 4Institute for Cartography, Technische UniversitaÈt Dresden, Dresden, Germany 5Department of Geography, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada E-mail: [email protected] 6Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA 7Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway 8Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden 9Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria 10Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK 11Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA 12Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada 13National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA 14Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 15A complete list of Consortium authors is in the Appendix ABSTRACT. The Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI) is a globally complete collection of digital outlines of glaciers, excluding the ice sheets, developed to meet the needs of the Fifth Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for estimates of past and future mass balance. -
Glaciers and Their Significance for the Earth Nature - Vladimir M
HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE – Vol. IV - Glaciers and Their Significance for the Earth Nature - Vladimir M. Kotlyakov GLACIERS AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE EARTH NATURE Vladimir M. Kotlyakov Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Keywords: Chionosphere, cryosphere, glacial epochs, glacier, glacier-derived runoff, glacier oscillations, glacio-climatic indices, glaciology, glaciosphere, ice, ice formation zones, snow line, theory of glaciation Contents 1. Introduction 2. Development of glaciology 3. Ice as a natural substance 4. Snow and ice in the Nature system of the Earth 5. Snow line and glaciers 6. Regime of surface processes 7. Regime of internal processes 8. Runoff from glaciers 9. Potentialities for the glacier resource use 10. Interaction between glaciation and climate 11. Glacier oscillations 12. Past glaciation of the Earth Glossary Bibliography Biographical Sketch Summary Past, present and future of glaciation are a major focus of interest for glaciology, i.e. the science of the natural systems, whose properties and dynamics are determined by glacial ice. Glaciology is the science at the interfaces between geography, hydrology, geology, and geophysics. Not only glaciers and ice sheets are its subjects, but also are atmospheric ice, snow cover, ice of water basins and streams, underground ice and aufeises (naleds). Ice is a mono-mineral rock. Ten crystal ice variants and one amorphous variety of the ice are known.UNESCO Only the ice-1 variant has been – reve EOLSSaled in the Nature. A cryosphere is formed in the region of interaction between the atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, and it is characterized bySAMPLE negative or zero temperature. CHAPTERS Glaciology itself studies the glaciosphere that is a totality of snow-ice formations on the Earth's surface. -
Surficial Geology and Soils of the Elmira -Williamsport Region, New York and Pennsylvania
Surficial Geology and Soils of the Elmira -Williamsport Region, New York and Pennsylvania GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 379 Prepared cooperatively by the U.S. Department of the Interior^ Geological Survey and the U.S. De partment of Agriculture^ Soil Conservation Service Surficial Geology and Soils of the Elmira-Williamsport Region, New York and Pennsylvania By CHARLES S. DENNY, Geological Survey, and WALTER H. LYFORD, Soil Conservation Service With a section on FOREST REGIONS AND GREAT SOIL GROUPS By JOHN C. GOODLETT and WALTER H. LYFORD GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 379 Prepared cooperatively by the Geological Survey and the Soil Conservation Service UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1963 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., 20402 CONTENTS Page Soils Continued Page Abstract--- ________________________________________ 1 Sols Bruns Acides, Gray-Brown Podzolic, and Red- Introduction_______________________________________ 2 Yellow Podzolic soils.._--_-_-__-__-___-_-__-__ 34 Acknowledgments-- _ ________________________________ 3 Weikert soil near Hughesville, Lycoming County, Topography. _______________________________________ 3 Pa______________________________________ 34 Bedrock geology.___________________________________ 4 Podzols and Sols Bruns Acides ____________________ 36 Surficial deposits of pre-Wisconsin age_________________ 4 Sols Bruns Acides and LowHumic-Gley soils._______ 37 Drift...__.____________________________________ 5 Chenango-Tunkhannock association. __________ 37 Colluvium and residuum_--_______-_--_-___-_____ 6 Chenango soil near Owego, Tioga County, Drift of Wisconsin age_-_-___________________________ 6 N.Y_________________________________ 37 Till. ________________________________________ 6 Lordstown-Bath-Mardin-Volusia association.... 39 Glaciofluvial deposits.___________________________ 7 Bath soil near Owego, Tioga County, N.Y. -
Holme Fen Nature Reserve the Lost Lake and Other
Today, Holme Fen is the largest lowland Once the Mere had been 3 The gamekeeper’s plantation drained, over half the silver birch woodland in England, but it has After the drainage, Holme Fen was not farmed had a very different history. wildlife recorded in the area became extinct here. because it was still too wet and boggy. As it One example was the dried out, Holme Fen turned from reeds to 1 Whittlesea Mere and the Holme Posts Swallowtail butterfly raised bog and then to birch woodland. Swallowtail butterfly. by Matt Berry The ground beneath your feet was once level with 2 Disappearing houses Earlier this century, this area was used for the top of the Holme Posts. At that time, game. In the gamekeeper’s plantation (also One of the most dramatic changes here has been Whittlesea Mere was a short distance away to the know as ‘Ballard’s Covert’) you will see a mix of the drop in ground levels following the drainage, as east. At three miles across, it was a spectacular different trees including oak, birch, and alder. the peat dried out and eroded. Tony Redhead, sight - the largest lake in lowland England. whose family grew up here, remembers some of The variety of trees makes it a good place to You might have come to the effects: hear and see woodland birds, such as Blackcaps, take part in one of the "There was one house, in the 1950s, that had to Woodpeckers and Redpolls. Holme Fen was famous ice skating races be pulled down because you could walk bought for the nation in 1952. -
May Be Xeroxed
CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (Without Author's Permiss•on) ,. (J Contemporary Frontal Moraine Formation in the Yoho Valley , Br~tish Columbia . b y Martin J. Batterson B.A. (Hens.) , University of Wales, l978 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of ~aster of Science . Departmen~ of Geography ~emorial Unlversity or Newroundland 1980 Abstract The northern terminus or Emerald Glacier (510 3 l' N, 116 0 32 ' W) in the Yoho Valley , British Columbia was bordered by a small , actively forming frontal moraine during summer 1979 . Strati- graphic and morphological contrasts existed r ound the ice front , which primarily resulted from a contrast in the distribution of supraglacial debris . Sedimentological and geotechnical techniques were utilised to determine the origin of stratigraphic units within the moraine ridge . Moraine A, at the margin of heavily debris covered ice , exhibited a complex stratigraphy. At most sites a lens of subglacially derived till was evident , between units of supra- glacially derived material . It is proposed that the moraine forming process involved the initial development of an ice- front talus apron , which was subsequently pushed and over- ridden . A plastic subglacial till was squeezed from beneath the supra- morainal ice margin , and overlain by a sorted supraglacial unit during glacier retreat . The moraine was actively advancing during the field season due to the main- tenance of glacier- moraine contact resulting rrom the retardation of ice- melt afforded by the supraglacial debris co':er . Moraine B is located at the margin or debris-free ice . -
Landtype Associations (Ltas) of the Northern Highland Scale: 1:650,000 Wisconsin Transverse Mercator NAD83(91) Map NH3 - Ams
Landtype Associations (LTAs) of the Northern Highland Scale: 1:650,000 Wisconsin Transverse Mercator NAD83(91) Map NH3 - ams 212Xb03 212Xb03 212Xb04 212Xb05 212Xb06 212Xb01 212Xb02 212Xb02 212Xb01 212Xb03 212Xb05 212Xb03 212Xb02 212Xb 212Xb07 212Xb07 212Xb01 212Xb03 212Xb05 212Xb07 212Xb08 212Xb03 212Xb07 212Xb07 212Xb01 212Xb01 212Xb07 Landtype Associations 212Xb01 212Xb01 212Xb02 212Xb03 212Xb04 212Xb05 This map is based on the National Hierarchical Framework of Ecological Units 212Xb06 (NHFEU) (Cleland et al. 1997). 212Xb07 The ecological landscapes used in this handbook are based substantially on 212Xb08 Subsections of the NHFEU. Ecological landscapes use the same boundaries as NHFEU Sections or Subsections. However, some NHFEU Subsections were combined to reduce the number of geographical units in the state to a manageable Ecological Landscape number. LTA descriptions can be found on the back page of this map. County Boundaries 0 2.75 5.5 11 16.5 22 Miles Sections Kilometers Subsections 0 4 8 16 24 32 Ecological Landscapes of Wisconsin Handbook - 1805.1 WDNR, 2011 Landtype Association Descriptions for the Northern Highland Ecological Landscape 212Xb01 Northern Highland Outwash The characteristic landform pattern is undulating pitted and unpitted Plains outwash plain with swamps, bogs, and lakes common. Soils are predominantly well drained sandy loam over outwash. Common habitat types include forested lowland, ATM, TMC, PArVAa and AVVb. 212Xb02 Vilas-Oneida Sandy Hills The characteristic landform pattern is rolling collapsed outwash plain with bogs common. Soils are predominantly excessively drained loamy sand over outwash or acid loamy sand debris flow. Common habitat types include PArVAa, ArQV, forested lowland, AVVb and TMC. 212Xb03 Vilas-Oneida Outwash Plains The characteristic landform pattern is nearly level pitted and unpitted outwash plain with bogs and lakes common.