Quaternary Geology of Manitoba: Digital Compilation of Point and Line Data, with Updating of the Dataset Using Remotely Sensed (SPOT) Imagery by M.S
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Ribbed Bedforms in Palaeo-Ice Streams Reveal Shear Margin
https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2020-336 Preprint. Discussion started: 21 November 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. Ribbed bedforms in palaeo-ice streams reveal shear margin positions, lobe shutdown and the interaction of meltwater drainage and ice velocity patterns Jean Vérité1, Édouard Ravier1, Olivier Bourgeois2, Stéphane Pochat2, Thomas Lelandais1, Régis 5 Mourgues1, Christopher D. Clark3, Paul Bessin1, David Peigné1, Nigel Atkinson4 1 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Le Mans Université, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans CEDEX 9, France 2 Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR 6112, CNRS, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes CEDEX 3, France 10 3 Department of Geography, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK 4 Alberta Geological Survey, 4th Floor Twin Atria Building, 4999-98 Ave. Edmonton, AB, T6B 2X3, Canada Correspondence to: Jean Vérité ([email protected]) Abstract. Conceptual ice stream landsystems derived from geomorphological and sedimentological observations provide 15 constraints on ice-meltwater-till-bedrock interactions on palaeo-ice stream beds. Within these landsystems, the spatial distribution and formation processes of ribbed bedforms remain unclear. We explore the conditions under which these bedforms develop and their spatial organisation with (i) an experimental model that reproduces the dynamics of ice streams and subglacial landsystems and (ii) an analysis of the distribution of ribbed bedforms on selected examples of paleo-ice stream beds of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. We find that a specific kind of ribbed bedforms can develop subglacially 20 from a flat bed beneath shear margins (i.e., lateral ribbed bedforms) and lobes (i.e., submarginal ribbed bedforms) of ice streams. -
May Be Xeroxed
CENTRE FOR NEWFOUNDLAND STUDIES TOTAL OF 10 PAGES ONLY MAY BE XEROXED (Without Author's Permiss•on) ,. (J Contemporary Frontal Moraine Formation in the Yoho Valley , Br~tish Columbia . b y Martin J. Batterson B.A. (Hens.) , University of Wales, l978 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of ~aster of Science . Departmen~ of Geography ~emorial Unlversity or Newroundland 1980 Abstract The northern terminus or Emerald Glacier (510 3 l' N, 116 0 32 ' W) in the Yoho Valley , British Columbia was bordered by a small , actively forming frontal moraine during summer 1979 . Strati- graphic and morphological contrasts existed r ound the ice front , which primarily resulted from a contrast in the distribution of supraglacial debris . Sedimentological and geotechnical techniques were utilised to determine the origin of stratigraphic units within the moraine ridge . Moraine A, at the margin of heavily debris covered ice , exhibited a complex stratigraphy. At most sites a lens of subglacially derived till was evident , between units of supra- glacially derived material . It is proposed that the moraine forming process involved the initial development of an ice- front talus apron , which was subsequently pushed and over- ridden . A plastic subglacial till was squeezed from beneath the supra- morainal ice margin , and overlain by a sorted supraglacial unit during glacier retreat . The moraine was actively advancing during the field season due to the main- tenance of glacier- moraine contact resulting rrom the retardation of ice- melt afforded by the supraglacial debris co':er . Moraine B is located at the margin or debris-free ice . -
Analysis of Groundwater Flow Beneath Ice Sheets
SE0100146 Technical Report TR-01-06 Analysis of groundwater flow beneath ice sheets Boulton G S, Zatsepin S, Maillot B University of Edinburgh Department of Geology and Geophysics March 2001 Svensk Karnbranslehantering AB Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co Box 5864 SE-102 40 Stockholm Sweden Tel 08-459 84 00 +46 8 459 84 00 Fax 08-661 57 19 +46 8 661 57 19 32/ 23 PLEASE BE AWARE THAT ALL OF THE MISSING PAGES IN THIS DOCUMENT WERE ORIGINALLY BLANK Analysis of groundwater flow beneath ice sheets Boulton G S, Zatsepin S, Maillot B University of Edinburgh Department of Geology and Geophysics March 2001 This report concerns a study which was conducted for SKB. The conclusions and viewpoints presented in the report are those of the authors and do not necessarily coincide with those of the client. Summary The large-scale pattern of subglacial groundwater flow beneath European ice sheets was analysed in a previous report /Boulton and others, 1999/. It was based on a two- dimensional flowline model. In this report, the analysis is extended to three dimensions by exploring the interactions between groundwater and tunnel flow. A theory is develop- ed which suggests that the large-scale geometry of the hydraulic system beneath an ice sheet is a coupled, self-organising system. In this system the pressure distribution along tunnels is a function of discharge derived from basal meltwater delivered to tunnels by groundwater flow, and the pressure along tunnels itself sets the base pressure which determines the geometry of catchments and flow towards the tunnel. -
Glacial Processes and Landforms-Transport and Deposition
Glacial Processes and Landforms—Transport and Deposition☆ John Menziesa and Martin Rossb, aDepartment of Earth Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada; bDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1 Introduction 2 2 Towards deposition—Sediment transport 4 3 Sediment deposition 5 3.1 Landforms/bedforms directly attributable to active/passive ice activity 6 3.1.1 Drumlins 6 3.1.2 Flutes moraines and mega scale glacial lineations (MSGLs) 8 3.1.3 Ribbed (Rogen) moraines 10 3.1.4 Marginal moraines 11 3.2 Landforms/bedforms indirectly attributable to active/passive ice activity 12 3.2.1 Esker systems and meltwater corridors 12 3.2.2 Kames and kame terraces 15 3.2.3 Outwash fans and deltas 15 3.2.4 Till deltas/tongues and grounding lines 15 Future perspectives 16 References 16 Glossary De Geer moraine Named after Swedish geologist G.J. De Geer (1858–1943), these moraines are low amplitude ridges that developed subaqueously by a combination of sediment deposition and squeezing and pushing of sediment along the grounding-line of a water-terminating ice margin. They typically occur as a series of closely-spaced ridges presumably recording annual retreat-push cycles under limited sediment supply. Equifinality A term used to convey the fact that many landforms or bedforms, although of different origins and with differing sediment contents, may end up looking remarkably similar in the final form. Equilibrium line It is the altitude on an ice mass that marks the point below which all previous year’s snow has melted. -
Glacial Geology of the Stony Brook-Setauket-Port Jefferson Area1 Gilbert N
Glacial Geology of the Stony Brook-Setauket-Port Jefferson Area1 Gilbert N. Hanson Department of Geosciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100 Fig. 1 Digital elevation model of Long Island High resolution digital elevation models are available for the State of New York including Long Island. These have a horizontal resolution of 10 meters and are based on 7.5' topographic maps. For those quadrangles with 10' contour intervals, interpolation results in elevations with an uncertainty of about 4'. The appearance is as if one were viewing color-enhanced images of a barren terrain, for example Mars (see Fig. 1). This allows one to see much greater detail than is possible on a standard topographic map. The images shown on this web site have a much lower resolution than are obtainable from the files directly. Digital Elevation Models for Long Island and surrounding area can be downloaded as self extracting zip files at http://www.geo.sunysb.edu/reports/dem_2/dems/ A ca. five foot long version (jpg) of the DEM of Long Island (see above except with scale and north arrow) for printing can be downloaded at this link. A DEM of Long Island (shown above in Fig. 1) in PowerPoint can be downloaded at this link. The geomorphology of Long Island has been evaluated earlier based on US Geological Survey topographic maps (see for example, Fuller, 1914; and Sirkin, 1983). Most of the observations presented here are consistent with previous interpretations. Reference to earlier work is made mainly where there is a significant disagree- ment based on the higher quality of the information obtainable from the DEM's. -
The Formation of Eskers
Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science Volume 21 Annual Issue Article 31 1914 The Formation of Eskers Arthur C. Trowbridge State University of Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1914 Iowa Academy of Science, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias Recommended Citation Trowbridge, Arthur C. (1914) "The Formation of Eskers," Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 21(1), 211-218. Available at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/pias/vol21/iss1/31 This Research is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa Academy of Science at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science by an authorized editor of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Trowbridge: The Formation of Eskers THE FORMATION OF ESKERS. 211 -· THE FORMATION OF ESKERS. .ARTHUR C. TROWBRIDGE. Ever since work has been in progress in glaciated regions, long, nar -row, winding, steep-sided, conspicuous ridges of gravel and sand have been recognized by geologists. They are best developed and were first recognized as distinct phases of drift in Sweden, where they are called Osar. The term Osar has the priority over other terms, but in this country, probably for phonic reasons, the Irish term Esker has come into use. With apologies to Sweden, Esker will be used in the present paper. Other terms which have been applied to these ridges in various parts of the world are serpent-kames, serpentine kames, horsebacks, whalebacks, hogbacks, ridges, windrows, turnpikes, back furrows, ridge • furrows, morriners, and Indian roads . -
A Geomorphic Classification System
A Geomorphic Classification System U.S.D.A. Forest Service Geomorphology Working Group Haskins, Donald M.1, Correll, Cynthia S.2, Foster, Richard A.3, Chatoian, John M.4, Fincher, James M.5, Strenger, Steven 6, Keys, James E. Jr.7, Maxwell, James R.8 and King, Thomas 9 February 1998 Version 1.4 1 Forest Geologist, Shasta-Trinity National Forests, Pacific Southwest Region, Redding, CA; 2 Soil Scientist, Range Staff, Washington Office, Prineville, OR; 3 Area Soil Scientist, Chatham Area, Tongass National Forest, Alaska Region, Sitka, AK; 4 Regional Geologist, Pacific Southwest Region, San Francisco, CA; 5 Integrated Resource Inventory Program Manager, Alaska Region, Juneau, AK; 6 Supervisory Soil Scientist, Southwest Region, Albuquerque, NM; 7 Interagency Liaison for Washington Office ECOMAP Group, Southern Region, Atlanta, GA; 8 Water Program Leader, Rocky Mountain Region, Golden, CO; and 9 Geology Program Manager, Washington Office, Washington, DC. A Geomorphic Classification System 1 Table of Contents Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 5 I. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................. 6 History of Classification Efforts in the Forest Service ............................................................... 6 History of Development .............................................................................................................. 7 Goals -
Pleistocene Geology of the Embarrass Area, St. Louis County
UNNERSITY OF MINNESOTA This is to certify that I have examined this copy of a master's thesis by James Davis Lehr and have found that it is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that any and all revisions required by the final examining committee have been made. Charles L. Matsch Name of Faculty Advisor Signature of Faculty Advisor May 12, 2000 Date GRADUATE SCHOOL PLEISTOCENE GEOLOGY OF THE EMBARRASS ST. LOUIS COUNTY, MINNESOTA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FA CUL TY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY JAMES DA VIS LEHR IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE May,2000 © James Davis Lehr 2000 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TABLE OF CONTENTS ..................................................................................................... i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................. ........................... iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................ vii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 STUDY AREALOCATION ................................................................................... l STUDY OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 3 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION ........................................................................ 3 FIELD METHODS .................................... ................................................. -
GLACIAL PROCESSES and LANDFORMS Glaciers Affected Landscapes Directly, Through the Movement of Ice & Associated Erosion
GLACIAL PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS Glaciers affected landscapes directly, through the movement of ice & associated erosion and deposition, and indirectly through • changes in sealevel (marine terraces, river gradients, climate) • climatic changes associated with changes in atmospheric & oceanic circulation patterns • resultant changes in vegetation, weathering, & erosion • changes in river discharge and sediment load Many high-latitude regions are dominated by glacially-produced landforms 454 lecture 10 Glacial origin Glacier: body of flowing ice formed on land by compaction & recrystallization of snow Accreting snow changes to glacier ice as snowflake points preferentially melt & spherical grains pack together, decreasing porosity & increasing density (0.05 g/cm3 0.55 g/cm3): becomes firn after a year, but is still permeable to percolating water Over the next 50 to several hundred years, firn recrystallizes to larger grains, eliminating pore space (to 0.8 g/cm3), to become glacial ice 454 lecture 10 Mont Blanc, France 454 lecture 10 454 lecture 10 Glacial mechanics Creep: internal deformation of ice creep is facilitated by continuous deformation; ice begins to deform as soon as it is subjected to stress, & this allows the ice to flow under its own weight Sliding along base & sides is particularly important in temperate glaciers two components of slide are regelation slip – melting & refreezing of ice due to fluctuating pressure conditions enhanced creep Cavell Glacier, Jasper National Park, Canada 454 lecture 10 supraglacial stream, Alaska -
Comparison of Esker Morphology and Sedimentology with Former Ice-Surface Topography, Burroughs Glacier, Alaska
Comparison of esker morphology and sedimentology with former ice-surface topography, Burroughs Glacier, Alaska KENT M. SYVERSON* 1 STEPHEN J. GAFFIELD* > Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 DAVID M. MICKELSON J ABSTRACT An esker observed melting out of the ice was the southeastern margin of Burroughs Gla- initially capped by flat fluvial terraces exhibit- cier and use hydraulic head maps to com- Topographic maps of the Burroughs Glacier ing a braided channel pattern. A sharp crest pare esker paths, morphology, and sedi- ice surface and the surrounding land surface developed as the sediment slumped to either mentology to predictions derived by Shreve from 1948 to 1990 were used to generate sub- side of the ridge. (1985b). glacial hydraulic head maps and compare es- ker paths to hydraulic gradients. Hydraulic INTRODUCTION Esker Genesis gradient at the glacier bed is controlled pre- dominantly by ice-surface slope, but it is also Purpose of Study The term esker in this paper is defined as a influenced by the slope of the glacier bed. Es- long, narrow ice-contact ridge, commonly kers at Burroughs Glacier have been observed Burroughs Glacier is located in the north- sinuous, and composed chiefly of stratified forming in subglacial and englacial tunnels. ern part of Glacier Bay National Park and sediment (Flint, 1971). Eskers have been de- Most of the eskers formed in subglacial stream Preserve, between lat. 58°57' and 59°1'N and scribed and research on them has been sum- tunnels oriented parallel to the calculated hy- long. 136°13' and 136°22'W in southeastern marized by Charlesworth (1957), Flint (1971), draulic gradient. -
Palaeo-Ice Stream Pathways and Retreat Style in the Easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, Revealed by Combined Multibeam Bathymetric and Seismic Data
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Palaeo-ice stream pathways and retreat style in the easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, revealed by combined multibeam bathymetric and seismic data J.P. Klages, G. Kuhn, A.G.C. Graham, C.-D. Hillenbrand, J.A. Smith, F.O. Nitsche, R.D. Larter, K. Gohl PII: S0169-555X(15)30004-0 DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.020 Reference: GEOMOR 5226 To appear in: Geomorphology Received date: 20 January 2015 Revised date: 19 May 2015 Accepted date: 21 May 2015 Please cite this article as: Klages, J.P., Kuhn, G., Graham, A.G.C., Hillenbrand, C.- D., Smith, J.A., Nitsche, F.O., Larter, R.D., Gohl, K., Palaeo-ice stream pathways and retreat style in the easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, re- vealed by combined multibeam bathymetric and seismic data, Geomorphology (2015), doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.020 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Palaeo-ice stream pathways and retreat style in the easternmost Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, revealed by combined multibeam bathymetric and seismic data J.P. Klages a,*, G. Kuhn a, A.G.C. -
The Last British Ice Sheet: a Review of the Evidence Utilised in the Compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain
This is a repository copy of The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain . White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/915/ Article: Evans, D.J.A., Clark, C.D. and Mitchell, W.A. (2005) The last British Ice Sheet: A review of the evidence utilised in the compilation of the Glacial Map of Britain. Earth-Science Reviews, 70 (3-4). pp. 253-312. ISSN 0012-8252 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2005.01.001 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ White Rose Consortium ePrints Repository http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ This is an author produced version of a paper published in Earth-Science Reviews.