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Santa Sede Estado De La Ciudad Del Vaticano

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OFICINA DE INFORMACIÓN DIPLOMÁTICA FICHA PAÍS Santa Sede Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano La Oficina de Información Diplomática del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Unión Europea y Cooperación pone a disposición de los profesionales de los medios de comunicación y del público en general la presente ficha país. La información contenida en esta ficha país es pública y se ha extraído de diversos medios, no defendiendo posición política alguna ni de este Ministerio ni del Gobierno de España respecto del país sobre el que versa. FEBRERO 2021 1.2. Geografía Ciudad La Ciudad del Vaticano (Santa Sede), con una superficie de apenas 44 hectá- del Vaticano reas, es el estado soberano independiente más pequeño del mundo, tanto por el número de habitantes como por su territorio. Sus fronteras están delimitadas por las murallas y por la columnata de Bernini en la Plaza San Pedro. Además del propio territorio, la jurisdicción vaticana se extiende a otras zonas de Roma y fuera de ella que gozan del derecho de extraterritorialidad. En el Tratado de Letrán, firmado entre la Santa Sede e Italia del 11 de febrero ITALIA de 1929, se establecieron tres categorías para los inmuebles y terrenos en re- lación con el poder temporal de los Papas. A la primera categoría pertenece la Ciudad del Vaticano, con su prerrogativa de estado libre, y en la que el estado italiano no tiene intervención alguna. La segunda categoría Comprende, entre otros: el Palacio de Letrán, con la Basílica de San Juan; la Basílica de Santa María la Mayor, con el palacio que tiene anexo; la Basílica de San Pablo, con el edificio contiguo; la Villa de Castelgandolfo, los edificios del Colegio de Propaganda Fide, el Palacio de la Dataría, el de la Cancillería y el del Vicariato; el hospital histórico del Bambino Gesù. A la tercera categoría pertenecen: la Universidad Gregoriana, el Instituto Bíblico, el Instituto Oriental, el de Arqueo- logía cristiana, los Seminarios ruso y lombardo. 1.3. Indicadores sociales Población total: 825 habitantes (2020), con un 100% de población urbana. © Oficina de Información Diplomática. Aviso: Las fronteras trazadas no son necesariamente las reconocidas oficialmente. Densidad de población: 924 hab/km² Renta per cápita: no procede Coeficiente GINI: no procede Tasa de analfabetismo (2020): 0% 1. DATOS BÁSICOS 2. SITUACIÓN POLÍTICA 1.1. Características generales 2.1 Política interior Nombre oficial: Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano (Santa Sede). Superficie: 0,49 km². Política interior Límites: Está rodeado por la Ciudad de Roma (Italia). Población: 825 habitantes, de los que alrededor de 450 tienen ciudadanía El término Santa Sede se refiere al gobierno central de la Iglesia Católica. La vaticana. Santa Sede tiene personalidad jurídica internacional, lo que le permite firmar Idiomas oficiales: Latín, italiano. tratados, enviar y recibir represen¬tantes diplomáticos y tener las normas Religión: 100% católicos. jurídicas de un Estado. Los embajadores extranjeros se acreditan ante la Moneda: Euro = 100 céntimos. Santa Sede, que es a su vez quien envía a sus representantes diplomáticos Forma de Estado: Pontificado electivo. (nuncios). Bandera: Cuadrada con dos franjas verticales, una amarilla junto al asta, y otra blanca sobre la que está superpuesto el escudo papal, consistente en El jefe del Estado de la Santa Sede es el Papa. En la Santa Sede, el equiva- una tiara sobre dos llaves cruzadas en aspa. lente a Presidente de Gobierno o primer ministro es el cardenal secretario de Estado (en la actualidad S. Em. R. Cardenal Pietro Parolin). En ausencia del 2 FICHA PAÍS SANTA SEDE Papa y del secretario de Estado, queda a cargo de la Secretaría de Estado mensaje pastoral y misionero. Uno de los ejes principales ha sido una estra- el Sustituto para los Asuntos Generales (en la actualidad S.E.R. monseñor tegia de tolerancia cero –en la línea ya iniciada por su predecesor Benedicto Edgar Peña Parra). XVI— en relación a comportamientos absolutamente inaceptables, como los abusos sexuales a menores. Asimismo, ha profundizado las reformas de las El Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano nació el 11 de febrero de 1929 con los estructuras económicas y financieras de la Curia para combatir todo atisbo Pactos Lateranenses, por los que Italia reconoció a la Santa Sede la plena de irregularidades en ese ámbito. propiedad y la soberanía exclusiva sobre el Vaticano. Dos Encíclicas constituyen el eje del Pontificado de Francisco: El poder legislativo lo ejerce el Sumo Pontífice. Las leyes y reglamentos se publican en el Acta Apostolicae Sedis, que es el Boletín Oficial de la Santa - Laudatio si’ (24 de mayo de 2015). Se centra en el planeta Tierra, don Sede. de Dios y “casa común” en la que vivimos los seres humanos y que de- bemos cuidar, deteniendo la degradación medio-ambiental y el cambio El poder ejecutivo en lo que se refiere a la administración de la Ciudad del climático. Vaticano, lo ejerce el presidente del Governatorato, en la actualidad el Carde- - Fratelli Tutti (3 de octubre de 2020). En ella, el Papa define y exal- nal Giuseppe Bertello, siendo el secretario general de dicho Governatorato el ta la Fraternidad como valor y elemento ordenador esencial de las so- obispo español Monseñor Fernando Vérgez Alzaga. ciedades, de las naciones y de la convivencia mundial en general. La encíclica pide más fraternidad y solidaridad humanas, y contiene un El poder judicial, también en lo que se refiere a la ciudad del Vaticano, es llamamiento a rechazar las guerras. El documento se centra asimismo ejercido, en nombre del Sumo Pontífice, por los órganos constituidos según en los problemas sociales y económicos contemporáneos y propone un el ordenamiento jurídico del Estado: un juez único, un tribunal de primera mundo ideal de fraternidad en el que todos los países pueden formar instancia, un tribunal de segunda instancia (Corte de Apelación), y un Tri- parte de una “familia humana más amplia”. bunal Supremo (Corte de Casación). Sus competencias están reguladas por los códigos de procedimiento civil y penal vigentes en el Estado. Esto debe Gobierno Santa Sede diferenciarse de los tribunales con jurisdicción sobre asuntos de la Iglesia (Tribunal de la Rota, Signatura Apostólica y Penitenciaría Apostólica). Pontífice (Soberano) En los últimos años se han creado dos nuevos dicasterios que simplifican Su Santidad el Papa Francisco (elegido el 13 de marzo de 2013) la estructura de la Curia. El de “Laicos, Familia y Vida” asumió las com- petencias de los Consejos para los Laicos y para la Familia. Por su parte el Principales instituciones de la Curia Romana Dicasterio del Servicio del Desarrollo Humano Integral absorbió los Consejo Justicia y Paz, Coru Unum, Pastoral para los Migrantes y Pastoral de los La Curia Romana es el conjunto de órganos de gobierno de la Santa Sede Agentes Sanitarios. y de la Iglesia Católica. Está compuesta por un grupo de instituciones, lla- madas Dicasterios, bajo la dirección del Papa, que ejercen las funciones Destacan asimismo la Secretaría de Comunicación y la Secretaría de Econo- legislativas, ejecutivas y judiciales. Se encarga de coordinar y proporcionar la mía de la Santa Sede. necesaria organización central para el correcto funcionamiento de la Iglesia y el logro de sus objetivos. Los Dicasterios principales son la Secretaría de La Secretaría de Comunicación actualmente agrupa los siguientes organis- Estado, las Congregaciones y otros Dicasterios, los Pontificios Consejos, los mos: Radio Vaticano, Centro Televisivo Vaticano, Oficina de Prensa de la Tribunales, las Oficinas. Santa Sede, L’Osservatore Romano, Librería Editora Vaticana, Servicio Foto- gráfico, Tipografía Vaticana. Secretaría de Estado La Secretaría de Economía tiene la responsabilidad sobre todas las activida- Es el más antiguo Dicasterio en la Curia Romana, asistiendo al Sumo Pontífi- des económicas de la Santa Sede. El Papa Francisco ordenó la apertura de ce en el gobierno de la Iglesia y en las principales funciones políticas y diplo- este secretariado con el motu proprio Fidelis et dispensator prudens (14 de máticas de la Santa Sede. Es presidida por el Cardenal Secretario de Estado. febrero de 2014). En noviembre de 2019 el Papa nombró al jesuita español Juan Antonio Guerrero Alves como nuevo Prefecto de esta Secretaría. Secretario de Estado (equivalente a Primer Ministro): Pietro Parolin (nacido en Italia) Principales cuestiones de actualidad/desafíos Dependientes del Secretario de Estado En los casi ocho años transcurridos desde su elección, el Papa Francisco se ha esforzado por acercar la Iglesia a las necesidades reales de las personas, Substituto para los Asuntos Generales: Edgar Peña Parra (nacido en Vene- tanto creyentes como no creyentes, tratando de fortalecer así el mensaje del zuela) Evangelio. Ha impulsado en la Iglesia un enfoque más pastoral, en donde Secretario para las Relaciones con los Estados: Paul Richard Gallagher (na- prevalece la persona. cido en el Reino Unido) En primer lugar, ha querido colocar en el centro de ese mensaje a los sec- Congregaciones tores más marginados, a los olvidados, a los más pobres, a los presos, a los refugiados, a todas las periferias sociales, políticas, económicas y geográfi- Las Congregaciones son un tipo de Dicasterio. Cada Congregación está diri- cas, incluidos quienes en diversos lugares del mundo están sufriendo crisis gida por un Prefecto, que es Cardenal. de difícil solución, y en lugar destacado los inmigrantes. Para la Doctrina de la Fe (Prefecto: Luis Francisco Ladaria Ferrer, español) Para las Iglesias Orientales (Prefecto:
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  • Archdiocese of Los Angeles Catholic Directory 2020-2021

    Archdiocese of Los Angeles Catholic Directory 2020-2021

    ARCHDIOCESE OF LOS ANGELES CATHOLIC DIRECTORY 2020-2021 Mission Basilica San Buenaventura, Ventura See inside front cover 01-FRONT_COVER.indd 1 9/16/2020 3:47:17 PM Los Angeles Archdiocesan Catholic Directory Archdiocese of Los Angeles 3424 Wilshire Boulevard Los Angeles, CA 90010-2241 2020-21 Order your copies of the new 2020-2021 Archdiocese of Los Angeles Catholic Directory. The print edition of the award-winning Directory celebrates Mission San Buenaventura named by Pope Francis as the first basilica in the Archdiocese. This spiral-bound, 272-page Directory includes Sept. 1, 2020 assignments – along with photos of the new priests and deacons serving the largest Archdiocese in the United States! The price of the 2020-21 edition is $30.00 (shipping included). Please return your order with payment to assure processing. (As always, advertisers receive one complimentary copy, so consider advertising in next year’s edition.) Directories are scheduled to begin being mailed in October. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Please return this portion with your payment REG Archdiocese of Los Angeles 2020-2021 LOS ANGELES CATHOLIC DIRECTORY ORDER FORM YES, send the print version of the 2020-21 ARCHDIOCESE OF LOS ANGELES CATHOLIC DIRECTORY at the flat rate of $30.00 each. Please return your order with payment to assure processing.