The Development of Undergraduate Students' Fanfictional Creative Writing

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The Development of Undergraduate Students' Fanfictional Creative Writing Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de Letras Modernas Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Placido - (73) 99198-1981 – [email protected] The development of undergraduate students’ fanfictional creative writing in English Versão Corrigida São Paulo 2019 Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas Departamento de Letras Modernas Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês The development of undergraduate students’ fanfictional creative writing in English O desenvolvimento da Escrita Criativa Fanfictional em inglês dos alunos da graduação Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Placido Versão Corrigida Tese apresentada ao Programa de Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês do Departamento de Letras Modernas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção do título de doutor. Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Marília Mendes Ferreira. São Paulo 2019 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação na Publicação Serviço de Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo P698d Placido, Carlos Eduardo de Araujo O desenvolvimento da Escrita Criativa Fanfictional em inglês dos alunos da graduação / Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Placido ; orientador Marília Mendes Ferreira. - São Paulo, 2019. 289 f. Tese (Doutorado)- Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Letras Modernas. Área de concentração: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários em Inglês. 1. Escrita Criativa. 2. Teoria sociocultural. 3. Fanfiction. I. Ferreira, Marília Mendes, orient. II. Título. UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE F FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS ENTREGA DO EXEMPLAR CORRIGIDO DA DISSERTAÇÃO/TESE Termo de Ciência e Concordância do (a) orientador (a) Nome do (a) aluno (a): Carlos Eduardo de Araujo Placido Data da defesa: 05/06/2019 Nome do Prof. (a) orientador (a): Marília Mendes Ferreira Nos termos da legislação vigente, declaro ESTAR CIENTE do conteúdo deste EXEMPLAR CORRIGIDO elaborado em atenção às sugestões dos membros da comissão Julgadora na sessão de defesa do trabalho, manifestando-me plenamente favorável ao seu encaminhamento e publicação no Portal Digital de Teses da USP. São Paulo, 06/06/2019 ___________________________________________ (Assinatura do (a) orientador (a) Acknowledgements This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. Furthermore, I would like to thank professor Rejane Rocha, from Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), for introducing me to the world of fanfictions, ficwriters and fandoms. I would specially like to thank my advisor, Professor Dr. Marilia Mendes Ferreira, from University of São Paulo (USP), for all her assistance with the literature review, theoretical support, academic writing techniques, methodological organization and other endless dispositions which helped me to enlighten my path as a wannabe researcher. In addition, I am immensely grateful for Professors Dr. Daniel Puglia and Dr. Eliane Gouvêa Lousada about their various relevant and useful comments. Both comments greatly improved my manuscript as well as the theoretical references, which helped fundamentally substantiate this research. I would also like to thank my colleagues from Academic Literacy Laboratory (Laboratório de Letramento Acadêmico, in Portuguese), located in Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas (FFLCH), at the University of São Paulo (USP). They have all provided me insight and expertise that greatly assisted my research. RESUMO A Escrita Criativa em Inglês (ECI) não tem sido extensivamente pesquisada no Brasil. Há poucos cursos sobre ECI em universidades brasileiras de Letras, e ainda menos publicações disponíveis nesta área (Myers, 2006; Morley, 2007; Blythe e Sweet, 2008; Healey, 2009; Oberholzer, 2014). De acordo com a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases Educacionais do Brasil (LDB), a criatividade deve ser compreendida como uma das habilidades fundamentais para se desenvolver a educação brasileira, do ensino fundamental ao superior. Referente ao ensino superior, a LDB estabeleceu a importância de estimular a criação cultural, a ampliação do pensamento criativo, o aprimoramento das habilidades criativas e as capacidades cognitivas. No entanto, pouquíssimas instituições brasileiras forneceram aos seus alunos de graduação disciplinas de ECI e/ou cursos extracurriculares com foco no desenvolvimento da escrita criativa de seus alunos. A Universidade de São Paulo (USP) é uma dessas poucas instituições. Por essas razões, um curso de Escrita Criativa Fanfictional em Inglês (ECFI) foi desenvolvido e ministrado na USP no final de 2016. Este curso teve 5 participantes, todos estudantes de graduação em Letras da USP. Os objetivos do curso de ECFI e, também, desta pesquisa foram identificar os conceitos desses alunos sobre criatividade, fanfictions e cursos de escrita criativa. Juntamente com essas identificações, os outros objetivos foram a investigação da ampliação desses conceitos pelos alunos de ECFI e o desenvolvimento de suas escritas criativas fanfictionais. A metodologia desta pesquisa envolveu a organização e o ensino da Escrita Criativa Fanfictional em inglês em um curso extracurricular na USP. Para alcançar os objetivos desta pesquisa, a organização deste curso foi baseada na teoria sociocultural vygotskiana (Vygotsky, 2004; 2007). Os dados coletados indicaram que os estudantes da ECFI desenvolveram a criatividade, a autoexpressão, a imaginação (Vygotsky, 2004; 2007), o pensamento conceitual (Lantolf, 2015), a autorregulação e a agência (Wertsch, 1998). Palavras-chave: Escrita Criativa; Teoria sociocultural; Fanfiction Abstract Creative Writing in English (CWE) has not been extensively researched in Brazil. There are few courses about CWE in Brazilian Languages and Literature universities, and even fewer available publications in this area as well (Myers, 2006; Morley, 2007; Blythe and Sweet, 2008; Healey, 2009; Oberholzer, 2014). According to Brazilian Educational Bases and Guideline Law, creativity should be comprehended as one of the main foundations of the Brazilian education, from the primary schooling to the tertiary level. For higher education, this law established the importance of stimulating cultural creation, creative thinking broadening, creative skills honing and cognitive capacities. Nevertheless, very few Brazilian institutions have provided their Languages and Literature undergraduate students with CWE disciplines and/or extracurricular courses focusing on the development of their students’ creative writing The University of São Paulo (USP) is one of these few institutions. For these reasons, a Fanfictional Creative Writing in English (FCW) course was designed and taught at USP by the end of 2016. This course had 5 participants who were all Languages and Literature undergraduate students from USP. The aims of the FCW course and this research were to identify the students’ concepts about creativity, fanfictions and creative writing courses. Along with these identifications, the other aims have been the investigation of the students broadening of these concepts and the development of their fanfictional creative writing. The methodology of this research involved the organization and teaching of the extracurricular Fanfictional Creative Writing in English course. In order to achieve the aims of this research, the extracurricular course was based on the Vygotskian sociocultural theory (Vygotsky, 2004; 2007). The data collected indicated that the Fanfictional Creative Writing in English students developed their creativity, self-expression, imagination (Vygotsky, 2004; 2007), conceptual thinking (Lantolf, 2015), self-regulation as well as agency (Wertsch, 1998). Keywords: Creative Writing; Sociocultural theory; Fanfiction List of Figures Figure 1: Glăveanu (2011)’s concepts about creativity …………………………...…..……12 Figure 2: Creation of Adam by Michelangelo (1512) ………………………….………..…..13 Figure 3: Vlad Glăveanu (2011)’s He-paradigm conceptualization ………………...….…14 Figure 4: Vlad Glăveanu (2011)’s I-paradigm conceptualization …………………..……..19 Figure 5: Vlad Glăveanu (2011)’s We-paradigm conceptualization ……………..…..…...27 Figure 6: Students’ participation on online fanfictional social networking …………...…...73 Figure 7: Fanfic Creative Writing Facebook community …………………………..…......142 Figure 8: Fanfictional Creative Writing students’ own tentative schedule …………...….155 Figure 9: The FCW students’ first developmental aspect ..……………..……………..... 157 Figure 10: The FCW students’ second developmental aspect ………………………… 171 Figure 11: Student A’s fandom’s publishing requirements ………………………….....…177 Figure 12: Student D’s fandom community etiquette ………..………………………....…178 Figure 13: The FCW students’ third developmental aspect …………………………..….181 Figure 14: Student A’s review about student B’s final draft fanfiction ……………..….…184 Figure 15: Student B’s review about student C’s final draft fanfiction ……………..…….184 Figure 16: Student C’s review about student A’s final draft fanfiction ……………..……185 Figure 17: Student D’s review about student E’s final draft fanfiction ……………..……186 Figure 18: Student E’s review about student D’s final draft fanfiction ……………..…….187
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