Public Disclosure Authorized !HQmachal Prrqdens0Qftdeh eiraI InfrastvQtsre UvI Qlgoent: *1 C,ofRof oLnQLt(ElHPRIQQ)
Public Disclosure Authorized I MP Sat R^ads PriLQt E1540 v2 Public Disclosure Authorized ~bm tRba1t
t4arch 2007
Ii - Public Disclosure Authorized
The Louis Berger Group, Inc 2300 NSbet NWVshingtcn, 0. C 20037. UA E No. 41, lo 19 Cxl ' u WaHiYr . : InJ. Am-CPl: Pt 2
if-limachal State Roads Project EI,1A for 3 Roads starting from Una town
TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ES-i 1. INTRODUCTION ...... I....I...... I
1.1.PROJECT BACKGROUND...... 1.2.NEED OF THE PROJECT ...... 1 1.3.PROJECT OBJECTIVES...... 2 1.4.PHASING OF THE PROJECT ...... 2 1.5.STUDIES CARRIED OUT EARLIER ...... 4 1.1.1 STRATEGIC OPTION STUDIES (SOS) ...... 4 1.1.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY ...... 4 1.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND SCOPING STUDIES...... 4 1.1.4 HIGH PRIORITY ROADS...... 4 1.1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL INDEPENDENT REVIEW REPORT...... 5 1.1.6 DocUMENT ORGANISATION...... 5 2 PROJECT DETAILS ...... 7 2.1 PROJECT LoCATION...... 7 2.2 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT CORRIDOR ...... 7 2.3 IMPROVEMENT ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERED ...... 8 2.3. MEHATPUR-UNA-AmB 1 SECTION...... 8 2.3.2 UNA-NERCHOWK SECTION...... 9 2.4 DESIGN SPEED ...... 11 2.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT...... 11 2.6 THE IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS...... 13 2.7 DESIGN CROSS SECTIONS...... 15 2.8 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR FEATURES ...... 26 2.8.1 ROAD WIDENING AND IMPROVEMENTS...... 26 2.8.2 CONSTRUCTION AND REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGES AND CULVERTS...... 26 2.8.3 TREE REMOVAL AND TREE PLANTING...... 26 2.8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 26 2.8.5 RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) ...... 27 2.8.6 OTHER FEATURES ...... 27 2.9 COST ESTIMATES FOR THE PROJECT...... 27 2.10 CONTRACT PACKAGES...... 27 2.11 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING ...... 28 2.12 OTHER TRANSPORT PROJECTS IN THE PIA ...... 28 3 APPLICABLE LEGAL, POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAME WORK...... 29 3.1 APPLICABLE REGULATIONS...... 29 3.1.1 ENVIRONMENT...... 29 3.1.2 EIA DOCUMENTATION & CLEARANCES ...... 30 3.1.3 APPLICABLE NATIONAL POLICIES ...... I...... 33 3.1.4 APPLICABLE NATIONAL GUIDELINES...... 34 3.1.5 APPLICAB3LE INDIAN ROAD CONGRESS (IRC) cODES...... 34 3.1.6 APPLICABLE CONTRACT PROVISIONS...... 35 3.1.7 APPLICABLE CROSS SECTORAL LAWS...... 36 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE STATE...... 36 3.2.1 STATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ...... 37 3.2.2 HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE FOREST POLICY ...... 37 3.2.3 HIMACHAL PRADESH (HP) STATE FOREST DEPARTMENT...... 38 3.2.4 HP STATE POLLUTION CONTROL IBOARD (HPSPCB) ...... 38 3.2.5 STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT ...... 39 3.2.6 ARCHAEOLOGY ...... 39 3.2.7 INDUSTRIES DEPARTMENT...... 39 3.2.8 HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE PUBLIC WORKs DEPARTMENT ...... 39
Flimnachal State Roads Project FIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
3.3 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS ...... 40 3.3.1 APPLICABILITY OFVARIOUS WBSAFE GUARDPOLICIES...... 40 3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS ...... 41 3.5 APPLICABILITY OF LAND ACQUISITION ACT...... 42 4 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED ...... 45 4.1 BASIC APPROACH...... 45 4.2 MAIN CONCERNS ...... 45 4.3 STEPS IN THE PROCESS...... 46 4.3.1 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY ...... 46 4.3.2 DISSEMINATION OFPROJECT DETAILS...... 46 4.3.3 TRAINING ON LEGAL AND POLICY RELATED ISSUES ...... 46 4.3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING STUDY...... 46 4.3.5 DETAILED BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS ...... 46 4.3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEYS ...... 46 4.3.7 AsSEMBLY AND ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUSLY COLLECTED DATA ...... 47 4.3.8 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION NEEDS ...... 47 4.3.9 PHOTOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY...... 47 4.3.1 0 PREPARATION OF FEASIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ...... 47 4.3.11 DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACT AREA FOR EA PURPOSE ...... 48 4.3.12 STRIP PLAN...... 48 4.4 THE EA PROCESS...... 48 4.5 AsSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS...... 49 4.6 MAIN STREAMING OF ENVIRONMENT IN THE DESIGN PROCESS ...... 49 4.7 AsSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES...... 49 4.8 FINALISATION OF ALIGNMENT ...... 50 4.9 MITIGATION & ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES...... 50 4.10 PREPARATION OF EMP ...... 50 4.11 STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATION & PARTICIPATION...... 50 4.12 APPENDICES...... 50 5 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS...... 52 5.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT...... 52 5.1.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ROADS ...... 52 5.1.2 GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS...... 53 5.1.3 GEOLOGYOFTHE AREA ...... 55 5.1.4 SEISMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE AREA...... 56 5.1.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS ...... 57 5.1.6 SOIL AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS...... 57 5.1.7 PREVAILING SLOPE STABILISATION ISSUES (LANDSLIDE, LANDSLIPS ... ) ...... 59 5.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT...... 61 5.2.1 METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS...... 61 5.2.2 PRECIPITATION...... 61 5.2.3 TEMPERATURE ...... 62 5.2.4 HuMIDITY...... 62 5.2.5 WIND ...... 63 5.2.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ...... 63 5.3 NoISE ENVIRONMENT...... 67 5.4 BIO ENVIRONMENT...... 72 5.4.1 FLORA...... 72 5.4.2 FLORA RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROAD ...... 77 5.4.3 FORESTS ...... 77 5.4.4 ENDANGERED FLORA ...... 80 5.4.5 FAUNA AND PROTECTED AREAS...... 81 5.4.6 COMMONLY FOUND FAUNA...... 81 5.4.7 ENDANGEREDFAUNA ...... 82 from Una town H imachal State Roads Project ETA for 3 Roads starting
82 5.4.8 BIODIVERSITY ...... 84 5.4.9 SENSrCVITY ANALYSIS ...... 85 5.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT ...... 85 5.5.1 SURFACEWATER...... 85 2.1 MEHATPUR -UNA ROAD ...... 86 5.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE...... 87 5.5.3 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES...... 88 5.5.4 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE...... 88 5.5.5 WATER QUALITY ...... 92 5.5.6 DRINKING WATER SOURCES...... 96 5.5.7 FLOODS ...... 96 5.6 Socio-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 96 5.6.1 LAND USE...... 97 5.6.2 AGRICULTURE...... 97 5.6.3 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT...... 97 5.6.4 HuMAN HEALTH AD SAFETY ...... 98 5.6.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES/CULTURAL PROPERTY AND MONUMENTS ...... 100 5.6.6 TOURISMIPILGRIMAGE...... 101 5.6.7 TRANSPORT ...... 102 6 STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND PLANNING ...... 104 6.1 DISSEMINATION MATERIAL ...... 104 6.2 TYPE OF CONSULTATIONS...... 105 6.3 FORMAL AND INFORMAL LOCAL CONSULTATIONS ...... 105 6.4 IDENTIFICATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL STAKE HOLDERS...... 105 6.5 OFFICIAL CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION ...... 107 6.6 PROJECT SPECIFIC CONSULTATIONS...... 117 6.6.1 CONSULTATION WITHDFOs...... 117 6.6.2 CONSULTATIONWITHCHIEF WILDLIFE WARDEN...... 6.6.3 MEETING WVITHFOREST RANGE OFFICERS...... 11i8 118 6.6.4 OFFICE OF THE JOINT MEMBER SECRETARY STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY...... 118 6.6.5 CONSULTATION WITHDIRECTOR FOREST REFORMS PROJECT...... 118 6.7 MEETING WITH FOREST AND WILDLIFE OFFICIALS...... 119 6.7.1 CONSULTATIONWITH DFOs...... 119 6.7.2 CONSULTATIONWITHCHIEF WILDLIFE WARDEN...... 119 6.7.3 MEETING WITH FOREST RANGE OFFICERS...... 119 6.7.4 OFFICE OF THE JOINT MEMBER SECRETARY STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ...... 120 6.7.5 CONSULTATION WITHDIRECTOR, FOREST REFORMS PROJECT...... 120 6.8 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF EA DocUMENTS ...... 120 6.9 INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS To FINAL DESIGN...... 120 6.10 FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION ...... 121 7 POTENTIAL IMPACTS ...... 122 7.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 122 7.1.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ROADS...... 122 7.1.2 GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS ...... 124 7.1.3 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA -IMPACTS...... 124 7.1.4 SEISMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE AREA...... 125 7.1.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS...... 125 7.1.6 SOIL QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS...... 126 7.1.7 SLOPE STABILISATION ISSUES (LANDSLIDE, LANDSLIPS.) ...... 127 7.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT...... 127 7.2.1 METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ...... 127 7.2.2 PRECIPITATION ...... 128 7.2.3 TEMPERATURE ...... 128 7.2.4 HuMIDITY ...... I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from LTna town
7.2.5 WIND ...... 129 7.2.6 AMBIENTAIRQUALITYRELATEDIMPACTS ...... 129 7.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT-IMPACTS ...... 132 7.3.1 CONSTRUCTION - RELATED NOISE ...... 132 7.3 .2 OPERATIONAL NOISE ...... 133 7.4 IMPACTS RELATING TO 810-ENVIRONMENT ...... 135 7.4.1 IMPACTS RELATING TO FLORA ...... 135 7.4.2 FLORA RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OFTHE PROJECT ROAD-IMPACTS ...... 137 7.4.3 IMPACTS RELATING TO FORESTS ...... 137 7.4.4 ENDANGERED FLORA-IMPACTS ...... 137 7.4.5 FAUNA AND PROTECTED AREAS-IMPACTS...... 138 7.4.6 COMMONLY FOUND FAUNA-IMPACTS ...... 138 7.4.7 ENDANGERED FAUNA- IMPACTS ...... 140 7.4.8 BIO DIVERSITYRELATED IMPACTS ...... 141 7.4.9 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS-IMPACTS ...... 141 7.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT-IMPACTS ...... 141 7.5.1 SURFACE WATER -IMPACTS ...... 141 7.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE- IMPACTS ...... 143 7.5.3 GROUNDWATER -IMPACTS ...... 144 7.5.4 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE- IMPACTS ...... 145 7.5.5 WATER QUALITY -IMPACTS ...... 145 7.5.6 DRINKING WATER SOURCES-IMPACTS...... 146 7.5.7 FLOODS RELATED IMPACTS ...... 150 7.6 SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT-IMPACTS ...... 150 7.6.1 LAND USE IMPACTS ...... 151 7.6.2 AGRICULTURE IMPACTS ...... 152 7.6.3 IMPACTS RELATING TO INDUSTRY ...... 152 7.6.4 IMPACTS RELATING TO HUMAN HEALTH & SAFETY ...... 152 7.6.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL/CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS PROPERTIES IMPACTS ...... 155 7.6.6 TOURISMS AND PILGRIMAGE -IMPACTS ...... 156 7.6.7 TRANSPORT RELATED IMPACTS ...... 156 8 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 158 8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 158 8.2 "WITH" AND "WITHOUT" SCENARIOS ...... 158 8.2.1 NOACTIONALTERNATIVE...... 158 8.3 THE "WITH" SCENARIO ...... 159 8.4 UNA -MEHATPUR -VARIOUS ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED ...... 160 8.4.1 GENERAL DESIGN SPEEDALTERNATIVES ...... 160 8.4.3 'DEMOLITION' AND 'NO DEMOLITION' ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR EXISTING BRIDGES ...... 164 8.4.4 LOCATION SPECIFIC ALTERNATIVES MEHATPUR-UNA SECTION ...... 165 8.5 VARIOUS ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES FOR UNA - AMB ROAD ...... 167 8.5.1 GENERAL DESIGN SPEED ALTERNATIVES ...... 167 8.6 ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES FOR UNA-NER CHOWK ROAD ...... 175 8.6.1 ROAD WIDENING ALTERNATIVE ...... 175 8.6.2 DESIGN SPEED ALTERNATIVES ...... 175 8.6.4 BYPASS ALTERNATIVE AT BHOTA ...... 176 8.6.5 LOCATIONSPECIFICALIGNMENTALTERNATIVES...... 176 8.6.6 REALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES ...... 186 8.6.7 ROA CROSS SECTION ALTERNATIVE ...... 187 8.6.8 ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT ALTERNATIVES ...... 187 9 IMPACT MITIGATION & AVOIDANCE MEASURES ...... 189 9.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT ...... 90 9.1.1 LOCATIONOFTHEPROJECTROADS ...... 190 9.1.2 GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS ...... 191 9.1.3 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA ...... 192 IHimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from UAna town
193 9.1.4 MITIGATION RELATING TO SEISMIC DISTURBANCE...... 193 9.1.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS...... 196 9.1.6 MITIGATION FOR SOIL EROSION AND OTHER ISSUES...... 197 9.1.7 PREVAILING SLOPE STABILISATION ISSUES (LAND SLIDE, LAND SLIPS ETC)...... 197 9.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT...... 197 9.2.1 METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ...... 198 9.2.2 PRECIPITATION...... 198 9.2.3 TEMPERATURE ...... I...... I...I...... 198 9.2.4 HuMIDITY...... 198 9.2.5 WIND...... 198 9.2.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY...... 199 9.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT ...... 201 9.4 BIO ENVIRONMENT...... 202 9.4.1 FLORA ...... 202 9.4.2 FLORA RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROAD...... 203 9.4.3 ENDANGERED FLORA ...... 204 9.4.4 FAUNA AND PROTECTED AREAS ...... 204 9.4.5 COMMONLY FOUND FAUNA...... 205 9.4.6 ENDANGEREDFAUNA ...... 205 9.4.7 BIO DIVERSITY...... 205 9.4.8 Eco - SENSITIVTY- MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 205 9.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT- MITIGATION EFFORTS...... 205 9.5.1 SURFACE WATER-IMPACTS...... 206 9.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE ...... 207 9.5.3 GROUNDWATER...... 208 9.5.4 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE...... 208 9.5.5 WATER QUALITY...... 209 9.5.6 DRINKING WATER SOURCES...... 210 9.5.7 FLOODS ...... 210 9.6 SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ...... 210 9.6.1 LAND USE - MITIGATION...... 211 9.6.2 AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE- MITIGATION AND AVOIDANCE ...... 211 9.6.3 INDUSTRY...... 211 9.6.4 HUMANHEALTH &SAFETY ...... 212 9.6.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES...... 212 9.6.6 ToURISMS AND PILGRIMAGE...... 213 9.6.7 TRANSPORT ...... 21 4 10 TOURISM, PIGRIMAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENTMEASURES ...... 21 4 10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES...... 214 10.2 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC AMENITIES...... 215 10.2.1 Bus BAYS ...... 215 10.2.2 RAIN SHELTER/ BUS SHELTERsIBus WAITING SHEDS...... 21 5 10.3 PARKING SPACE OR BAYS ...... 215 10.3.1 CAR PARKING ...... 216 10.3.2 TAxi STAND FOR JEEPS AND CARS...... 21 7 10.4 INTEGRATION OF THE KILLA BEDI SAHIB...... 21 7 10.5 INTEGRATION OF EXISTING BUS STATION AT UNA...... 218 10.6 CULTURAL PROPERTY ENHANCEMENT...... 21 8 10.7 TREE PLANTING...... 218 10.7.1 ROADSIDE ENHANCEMENT TREE PLANTING ...... 218 10.8 TOURISm ENHANCEMENTS ...... 218 10.8.1 DispLAY OF TOURIST LEVEL INFORMATION ...... 10.8.2 DEVELOPMENT OF COMFORT STATIONS AND KIOSKS TO PETROL STATIONS...... 219 220 10.8.3 DEVELOPMENT OF REALIGNMENTS AND BRIDGE RELOCATION AREAS...... 220 10.8.41INTEGRATION OF THE REWALSAR LAKE AND THE PILGRIMAGE SITE...... I limachal State Roads Projcct EIA for 3 Roads starting from lUna town
10.8.5 INTEGRATION OF THE GOVIND SAGAR RESERVOIR FOR PICNIC ...... 220 10.8.6 INTEGRATION OF VALLEY VIEW LOCATIONS ...... 221 LIST OF REFERENCES ...... 223 for 3 Roads startingZ from Uina town_ F-limachal State Roads Project EIA
List of Exhibits 2 1.1 Phasing Of The Project For Implementation ...... Exhibit ...... 2 Exhibit 1.2 Proposed Phase 1 Package 1 Improvement Roads ...... Phase 1, Batch 1lproject Roads ...... 3 Exhibit 1.3 Details Of The Proposed 3 Exhibit 1.4 Details Of The Proposed Phase I; Batch 2 Project Roads ...... Of Project Roads Considered In This Ea ...... 3 Exhibit- 1.5: Details Of The 4 Sections 5 1.6 A Phase 2 Roads: Hp State Road Project ...... Exhibit ...... 8 2.1 :Roads Considered For Feasibility Studies ...... Exhibit ...... 8 Exhibit 2.2 : Traffic Details Of The Project Road Along Mehatpur-Una-Amb Road ...... 14 Exhibit 2.4 :Realignment Locations 14 Locations Along Una-Nerchowk Road ...... Exhbit 2.3 :Realignment ...... 22 : Una Am b ...... Exhibit 2.19 To 2.31 ...... 27 2.4: Break Up Of Project Cost In Million Indian Rupees...... Exhibit ...... 28 Exhibit 2.5: Contract Packaging Of The Project Road Considered In This Eia Regulations ...... 29 Exhibit 3.1 :Summary Ot Applicable 33 Exhibit 3.2 : Analyses The Various National Policies Applicable To The Highways Sector. Highways Sector...... 34 Exhibit 3.3 : Applicable Guidelines In 35 Exhibit 3.4 : Applicable Irc Codes Relevant To Highways Environmental Management ...... Environmental Management For Contractors ...... 35 Exhibit 3.5: Morth Specifications On 36 Policies That Has Applicability In The Highways Sector ...... Exhibit 3.6 :Cross Sectoral -~...... 37 Exhibit 3.7: Environmental Requirements Of The State ...... Of Hpridc ...... 40 Exhibit 3.8 : Organisation Structure 41 Exhibit 3.9: Applicability Of Wb Safe Guard Policies ...... -...-.. I.I...... I.. 42 Exhibit 3.10:Environmental Approvals And Clearances Required Prior To Construction Phase Clearance...... 4 3 Exhibit 3.1 1: Flow Chart For Environment 43 Exhibit 3.1 2 :Forest Clearance Procedure As Per Forest Conservation Act ...... & LAND AcouISITIoN ...... 44 EXHIBIT 3.1 3: SIMPLIFIED MOEF - GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CLEARANCE ROAD ...... 52 EXHIBIT 5.1 :LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT 53 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ROADS ...... EXHIBIT 5.2 :PHYSICAL LOCATIONAL ...... 54 EXHIBIT 5.3 : RELIEF MAP OF THE REGION ...... 55 EXHIBIT 5.4 :GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE REGION...... 56 OF MAGNITUDE 5 AND ABoVE DURING LAST CENTURAY ...... EXHIBIT 5.5 EARTH QUAKES ..... 57 EXHIBIT 5.6: MATERIAL SOURCEs ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD...... 59 EXHIBIT 5.8 :SOIL QUALITY ALONG THE PROJECT CORRIDORS ...... 58 EXHIBIT 5.7 : SOIL TYPES OF THE REGION ...... 60 EXHIBIT 5.9 :GEOLOGICALLY UNSTABLE AREAs ALONG UNA- NERCHOWK MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB ...... 60 EXHIBIT 5.1 0 : EROSION PREVENTION STRUCTURES 61 IN PIA DISTRICTS ...... EXHIBIT 5.1 1 : THREE WELL DEFINED SEASONS 62 ...... EXHIBIT 5.1 2 :ISOHYETES IN THE REGION .62 EXHIBIT 5.1 3 :TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN THE REGION ...... REGION 63 EXHIBIT 5.1 4: HILL RANGES OF THE HIMALAYAS IN THE PIA ~...... 64 EXHIBIT 5.1 5: AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ...... AMBIENT AIR QUALITY ...... 64 EXHIBIT 5.1 6 A :ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING STATIONs FOR ...... 65 EXHIBIT 5.1 7 A :AmBIENT AIR QUALITY-UNA-AMB CORRIDOR QUALITY RESULTS , ...... 65 EXHIBIT 5.1 7 B :THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE AIR QUALITY RESULTS ...... 66 EXHIBIT 5.1 8 B :THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE AIR ...... 67 EXHIBIT 5.1 9 : AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS...... NET WORK ...... 70 EXHIBIT 5.20 A :IDENTIFIED SILENCE ZONEs ALONG UNA-ROAD NET WORK ...... 7 1 EXHIBIT 5.20 A :IDENTIFIED SILENCE ZONEs ALONG UNA-ROAD ...... 71 EXHIBIT 5.20 (B) UNA-BARSAR-JAHu-NERCHOWK ...... - ROADS ...... 73 EXH IBIT -5.2 1: FLORAL DETAILS OF THE THREE SECTIONS OF PROJECT ...... 73 EXHIBIT 5.22: ROAD SIDE TREES MEHATPUR-UNA-AmB...... 74 EXHIBIT 5.2 3 ROAD SIDE TREES UNA- NERCHOWK ...... 77 EXHIBIT 5.24: FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROADS DISTRICTS...... 78 EXHIBIT 5. 2 5 DETAILS OF FOREST COVERAGE IN THE PIA ...... 78 EXHIBIT 5.26 A :FOREST COVER MAP OF THE REGION (SATELLITE IMAGERY) ...... 79 EXHIBIT 5.26 B :FOREST COVER MAP OF THE REGION ...... 80 EXHIBIT 5. 2 7 TYPE Or FOREST COVER FROM UNA To NERCHOWK...... PRADESH ...... 81 EXHIBIT 5.28: NATIONAL PARKS & SANCTUARIES OF HIMACHAL ROAD NET WORK -...... 83 ECOSYSTEms THAT SUPPORTs BIODIVERSITY ALONG THE UNA EXHIBIT 5. 2 9 MAJOR ...... 85 EXHIBIT 5.3 0: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT ROADS...... AREA (PIA) ...... 85 - 5.3 1 : SURFACE WATER RESOURCES WITHIN THE PROJECT INFLUENCED EXHIBIT ...... 87 EXHIBIT 5. 3 2 DRAINAGE IN THE REGION ...... STRUCTURES ...... 87 EXHIBIT 5.33: ANALYSIS OF BRIDGEs AND CRoss DRAINAGE (CD) ROAD ...... 88 EXHIBIT 5. 34: GROUND WATER SCENARio ALONG THE PROJECT ...... 89 EXHIBIT 5.3 5 (A): DETAILS OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB ANALYSiS MEHATPUR-UNA-AmB...... 90 EXHIBIT (B): GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF WATER QUALITY 5.35 ...... 9 1 OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS UNA-NERCHOWK ...... EXHIBIT 5.35 (C): DETAILS ...... 90 EXHIBIT 5.3 5 (C): DETAILS OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS UNA-NERCHOWK...... ANALYSIS UNA-NERCHOWK ...... 91 EXHIBIT 5.35 (D) :GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF WATER QUALITY MEHATPJR-UNA-AMB...... 92 EXHIBIT 5.3 6: DRINKING WATER RESOURCEs ALONG 9 3 UNA- NERCHOWK ...... EXHIBIT 5.37: DRINKING WATER RESOURCES 97...... EXHIBIT 5.3 8 :LAND) USE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROAD ROAD ...... 97 EXHIBIT 5.39 :LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJEcT 1-limachal State Roads Project ELA for- 3 Roads starting from Uina town
EXHIBIT 5.40 PARKING AREAS MEHATPUR-UNA-AmB ...... 97 EXHIBIT 5,41 SOLID WASTEs DISPOSAL AREAS MEHATPUR-UNA-AmB...... 98 EXHIBIT 5.42. RELIGIOUS PROPERTIEs ALONG MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB ...... 98 EXHIBIT 5,43 RELIGIOUS PROPERTIEs ALONG UNA- NERCHOWK...... 99 EXHIBIT 5,44: IMPORTANT PILGRIMAGE AND TOURSIT AREAs ALONG THE PROJECT ROADS...... 101 Exhibit 6,1 Institutional Coordination And Support Received From Institutional Stake Holder Institutions ...... 105 EXHIBIT 6.2 .DETAILS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATION ...... 106 EXHIBIT 6.3 SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT LEVEL CONSULTATION HELD ...... 10 9 EXHIBIT 6.4 ANALYSIS OF THE COMMUNITY LEVEL ISSUEs AND THE RESPONSE OF THE PROJECT TEAM ...... 10 9 EXHIBIT 6.5 .SUMMARY OF THE ISSUEs RAISED DURING THE CONSULTATIONS...... 11 6 EXHIBIT 7.1= IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTs DUE To THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTAION ...... 12 2 Exhibit 7.2 :Total Lengths For Which Embankment Heights Will Be Raised ...... 12 3 Exhibit 7.3 :Typical Noise Levels Associated With Highway Construction...... 132 Exhibit 7.4 Typical Noise Levels Of Principal Construction Equipment...... 13 3 Exhibit 7.5 :Potential Construction Related Noise Levels ...... 133 Exhibit 7.6 :Impacted Silenze Zones...... 134 Exhibit 7.7: Summary Of The Affected Flora Along The Project Road Sides ...... 1 35 Exhibit 7.8: Likely Impacted Platform Trees Along Una-Nerchowk ...... 136 Exhibit 7.9: Monkey Menace Areas Along Una Nerchowk...... 13 8 Exhibit 7.1 0 :Eco-Sensitivity Analysis Of The Project Roads ...... 14 1 Exhibit 7.1 1 :Surface Water Sources Of Construction Water Along Una -Nerchowk ...... 141 Exhibit 7.1 2: Potential Impacts To W ater Bodies ...... 14 3 Exhibit 7.~13 .Groundwater Resources In The Region ...... 14 4 Exhibit 7.1 4 :Likely Impacted Drinking W ater Sources ...... 14 6 Exhibit 7.1 5 :Impacted Muncipal Solid Waste Disposal Areas: ...... 153 Exhibit 7.1 6 :Impacted Parking Space For Vehicles On Urban And Rural Areas ...... 154 Exhibit 7.17 : Likely Impacted ( Direct Or Indirect) Cultural Properties- Una Nerchowk ...... _155 Exhibit 8.1 : Trees Cut For 4 Laning Versus 2 Laning For Mehatpur-Una-Jhalera ...... 160 Exhibit 8.2 : Environmental Analysis For General Alignment ...... 161 Exhibit 8.3 Optimisation Of The Alignment For Minimisation Of The Impact ...... _1 6 2 (A) Mehatpur-Una-Amb Section ...... I...... I... I...... r...... 16 2 EXH BIT 8.4 DEMOLITION' VERSUS 'No DEMOLITION' ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVEs FOR EXISTING BRIDGES ..... 164 EXHIBIT 8.5 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR CURVE IMPROVEMENT AT Km 8.400 ...... 16 5 EXHIBIT 8.5 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 11+120...... 165 EXHIBIT 8.6 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 11+180 ...... 16 6 EXHIBIT 8.7 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 13.300 ...... 166 EXHIBIT 8.8: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 16.680 ...... 16 7 EXHIBIT 8.1 0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 22.69 ...... 16 9 EXHIBIT 8.9 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 19,78 ...... 168 EXHIBIT 8.1 1: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 22.93 ...... 17 0 EXHIBIT 8.1 3 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 28.8 ...... 171 EXHIBIT : 8.12 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIs FOR BRIDGE AT Km 24.98 ...... 17 0 EXHIBIT 8.1 4: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 31.35 ...... 171 EXHIBIT 8.1 6 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR SUB-STANDARD GEOMETRY AT M-38.65-39.00...... 1 72 EXHIBIT 8.1 5 . ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR Km 32.85-33.10 ...... 1I72 EXHIBIT 8.1 7 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 32.20 ...... 1 7 2 EXHIBIT 8.1 8 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYsis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 39.54 ...... 1 73 EXHIBIT 8 1 9 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 41.0 ...... 1 7 3 EXHIBIT 8.2 0: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 45.20 ...... 17 4 EXHIBIT 8.2 1. ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 45.50 ...... 17 4 EXHIBIT : 8.2 2 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 45.80 ...... 1 74 EXHIBIT 8.23 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYsis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 4 6 20 ...... 1 75 EXHIBIT 8.24: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 1.4 9 ...... 1 76 EXHIBIT 8.2 5 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 2228...... 177 EXHIBIT 8. 26 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 3.34 ...... 1 78 EXHIBIT 8.2 8 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 5335 ...... 17 9 ExHIBIT 8. 27 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 4. 7 8...... 1 78 EXHIBIT 8. 29 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 5.94 ...... 18 0 EXHIBIT 8.30 :ENV RONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 8.3 ...... 18 0 EXHIBIT 8.3 2: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 12.24 ...... 18 1 EXH BIT 8.3 1 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIs FOR BRIDGE AT Km 11 25 ...... 1 81 EXHIBIT 8. 3 3 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 13 3 9 ...... 18 1 EXHIBIT 8.34 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 2 6 10...... 1 82 EXHIBIT 8 3 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 56.8 ...... 183 EXHIBIT 8.36 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 64.4 ...... 183 ExHIBIT 8 3 7 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSis FOR BRIDGE AT Km 88.5 ...... 184 EXHIBIT 8 3 8 :ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 94.5 ...... 1 84 EXHIBIT 8.39 ENV.RONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT Km 5.0 ...... 18 5 EXHIBIT 8.4 0 REALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVEs ALONG UNA- NER CHOWK ...... 1 86 EXHIBIT 1 0.1 :TYPICAL LAYOUT OF PARTIAL LAYOUT OF Bus BAY IN URBAN AREA ...- ~- ...... 21 5 EXHIBIT 1 0.2 EXISTING PARKING AREAS MEHATPUR-UNA-AmB ...... 21I6 EXHIBIT 10.3 DETAILS OF PROPOSED PARKING AREAS...... 21 7 EXHIBIT 1 0.4 DESIGN FOR CULTURAL PROPERTIES ... 21 8 ExHIBIT 10.5 :IMPORTANT TOURIST PLACES IN THE PROJECT INFLUNECED AREA. (PIA) ...... 21 8 Una town I-limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from
LIST OF ACRONYMS
AASHTO AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY AND TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS ASI ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA
CARD A GERMAN SOFTWARE FOR HIGHWAY DESIGN
EIS ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
EMU ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UNIT
FIDIC FEDERATION OF INTERNATIONALE DES INGENIERS CONSEILS
GOHP GOVERNMENT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH
IUCN INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
MOEF MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS
MSL MEAN SEA LEVEL NGO NON GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
NMT NON MOTORIZED TRAFFIC
NPV NET PRESENT VALUE
PIU PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION UNIT
PWD PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT
RAP RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN
RW ROAD WING SH STATE HIGHWAY
SOI SURVEY OF INDIA SOS STRATEGIC OPTION STUDY
STEC STATE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT *.*j- ' -- WWF WORLD WILD LIFE FUND I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
INTRODUCTION
Himachal Pradesh Government has taken up an ambitious road development plan for the over all economic development of the State. In this context, GOI has approached World Bank for loan assistance to support the project. After all studies including a Strategic Option Study, feasibility study and detailed engineering; the World Bank has in principle agreed to support the project provided the State Government and the National Government meet all WB loan conditionalties. The final approval of the loan is expected to take place in the early part of the year 2007.
\J4\ J w
NI i A A
A location map of the project road is provided in the Figure El.0. The document in hand is the summary of EIA report for the contract of 183.7 km of the Batch 1 roads out of the 413 km of phase 1 roads identified earlier. All studies including feasibility studies, detailed engineering studies, environmental and social impact management studies have been completed for this 184 kms. This document corresponds to four separate EMPs prepared for the Contract No 1 - 4 ( Four separate contracts) with the Contract identification Nos: HPSRP/WB/UG/1 --- 4/lCB, to be implemented by the Contractor in association with the PWD and the appointed supervision consultant's for the smooth and effective implementation of the project. The appointment of the Construction Supervision Consultants (CSC) will be according to the ICB contract implementation requirements and the country laws and the WB policies and guidelines.
The Table E1.0 provides the details of the Phase I, Batch 1 roads considered in this summary.
TABLE E1.0 PHYSICAL LOCATIONAL DETAIL Road Name Length Districts Start Chainag End Location Chainage (Km) Location e (Place Name) (Km) (Place Name) (Km) Mehatpur -Una 12.000 Una Mehatpur 5.000 Una 18.000 Una -Amb 33.000 Una Una 18.000 Amb 50.000 Una -Nerchowk 126.700 Una, Hamirpur Una 0.000 Nerchowk 126.700 RiNgniir snrnI_II Say 184 kms in Total Total length 183.7 for 3 Roads starting from Una town F-limachal State Roads Project ElA
NEED FOR THE PROJECT
roadside parapets and good Most of the existing road lengths lack longitudinal and cross drainages, retaining walls, topography of the road geometrics, therefore, upgradation of the existing infrastructure is essential. The mountainous Unfortunately the extent and State makes roads the most viable among the conventional modes of transport. road with high traffic is the condition of the current road network is inadequate and poor. The Mehatpur-Una-Amb its fruit, vegetable and agricultural only road located completely in plains. Himachal Pradesh is well known for transport. Fish and livestock produce all coming under perishable commodities which require fast and efficient efforts at industrialization have products are another major share of the primary sector economy in the State. Recent the States of Punjab and led to the development of industrial sites at seven places along the foothills adjoining zones require efficient transport Haryana. Transport of raw materials and finished goods to and from these industrial industry in this picturesque State, so that major industries are attracted to the State. Tourism has been a mainstay that provides extensive connectivity employing thousands of people directly and indirectly. A transportation network the State into a National and and smooth travel is a necessity for the development of this sector, to make International tourist destination.
places, safe mobility of goods and Upgradation of the road network in the State will increase the connectivity of of the people. The success of people, resulting in greater utilization of resources and socio-economic development great extent on the adequacy of the the various investments by the Government in the different sectors depend to a transport infrastructure i.e. road network in the State.
the railways and civil aviation Due to the peculiar geographic, topographic constraints and the demographic pattern, Roads and Highways. has a limited scope in this Himalayan State for development in comparison to the
FEASIBILITY STUDIES
1675km of roads (43 road links) The feasibility study has been carried out for the road network of study has come out with a list of identified/suggested by the earlier Strategic Option studies (SOS). The feasibility the HDM model. The Economic high priority roads based on the engineering and economic aspects prepared using Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) has been calculated as provided in table E 2.0.
TABLE E2.0: ECONOMIC RETURN DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ROAD ROAD SECTION HRR NPV (INR. MILLION) Una-Jalera - Mehatpur-Una (4 22% 802 Laning) Una-Amb 27% 1532 Una-Ner Chowk 47% 10079
qualified for the up-gradation. The The roads, which have a rate of return 12% and above have been considered, and scoping analysis. Therefore EIRR does not include a comprehensive environmental and social screening social screening and scoping prioritization based on these issues has been carried out by the environmental and studies as a part of the feasibility studies. Flimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
As described earlier in this EIA (Vol 1 EA & Vol 2 EMP put together) relates to the Una link roads constituting (i) Mehatpur -Una,(12 km) (ii) Una-Amb (33km) and (iii) Una- Nerchowk (126.7 km) project roads. Refer Figure E 1.0 for location map of the study area. The first road starts from 5.500kms at Mehatpur and continues to Una kms. From at 18.500 where the second road starts and ends at Amb at Kms 50.500 kms.
The 3rd road starting from Una traverses through Bilaspur, Hamirpur and Mandi districts. The road nos (i) and (ii) are State Highways. These are the only roads in HP completely located in plains. The 3rd road on the other hand almost 90 % passes through the hilly terrain with steep grade and acute, blind and sharp turns at most of the places. Most of this road passes through dense natural forest areas with wildlife. Most of the settlements / villages/ towns are connected through link road to the project road. The road traverses through four important townships viz. Mehatpur, Una, Amb, Nerchowk. An archaeologically significant structure at Una is located within 100 m distance along the Left hand side of the road (i) at Una cut section.
There are 42 (1+11+30 for three roads separately) settlements along the corridor. The land use along these corridors is mostly commercial, residential, forest and agriculture. There are several private forests along the Mehatpur-Una- Amb section. These sections does not pass through any legally notified eco-sensitive areas such as National parks and sanctuaries. The land requirement for widening is minimal due to the central widening option adopted along most of the alignments. Therefore this project does not require environmental clearance (EC) form the Ministry of environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India.
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS OF THE PROJECT ROAD
Less than 10% of the State roads are double-laned, only 50% of the road length has drainage and valley side safety measures. Depending on the present condition of the selected roads, different levels of improvement! upgradation measures will be required for different road stretches. The improvement works will mainly consist of * Cutting of hill ward side for widening along Una- Nerchowk * Raising the formation level where ever required-Mehatpur-Una-Amb * Upgrading/ improving road geometrics * Widening to Four lane /two-lane/ intermediate lane from existing intermediate-lane/ single-lane widths * Pavement strengthening, and * Improving cross drainage * Stabilization of the hill slope as far as possible by breast walls, retaining walls and or bio engineering techniques * Road stretches crossing urban areas may also require alternative new alignments or realignments, or provision for drains, sidewalks and parking along existing road. • Construction of bridges and their approach roads * River training works * Pedestrian guard rails and safety barriers * Replacement of culverts and construction of new culverts: * Replacement/ rehabilitating of culverts will accommodate two full lanes for the full formation * Realignments width. * Byapss at Bhota town * Construction of viaducts El-k for 3 Roads startiang from Una town I limachal State Roads Project
kms for the Una-Nerchowk has been A total of 4.09 kms of realignments for Mehatpur-Una-Amb and 10.57 provided in EMP where in the project considered to improve safety. Including this, there are numerous locations as (left over land portions) in all these road widening has shifted slightly towards RHS or LHS leaving oxbow land at these locations. locations. Several environmental enhancement proposals have been recommended Area * Road safety measures, Rain shelters (bus waiting shed) and Parking away from junctions and pedestrian Vehicle parking areas may be provided wherever there is a space available in the design. crossings. Wherever possible, the provisions of bus lay-bys have been included
* Implementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) elaborate implementation arrangements This has been prepared as a separately bound volume. The RAP has including the services of NGOs.
Bhota Bypass as provided in Table E 3.0. The road A bypass by definition at Bhota town has been considered under the project be any major land acquisition for this and the alignment already exist as PMGSY road. Therefore there may not alignment also.
TABLE E-3.0: Deviation/ Bypass Alternatives Considered Corridor Phase 1 URBAN/SEMI LENGTH URBAN AREA OR (KM) TOWN Town route Bypass route 1.5 km Bhota bypass Batch 1 Bota 2.1 km
Realignments
Realignment alternatives are discussed in the Analysis of alternatives
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS impact assessment (EIA) study. The EA process included a screening and scoping study and later an Environmental with all stakeholders including institutional Apart from primary and secondary data collection, consultations were held stake holders like Forest department.
APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY
Environmental Screening and scoping
of th EIA study required. Simultaneously a An environmental and social screening study has defined the dimension stabilisation along the project road. This is pilot bio engineering study (PBES) has also been carried out for the slope also provided as a separate report. the environmental sensitivity of the project The environmental and social screening reports (ESR) have confirmed further studies required (scoping) based on road under consideration. The study has established the boundaries of the proximity to ecologically sensitive and environmentally sensitive areas. f limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
Environmental Assessment (EA)
Further to the screening studies an EIA and a Bio diversity Impact Assessment (BIA) were carried out. The various steps followed for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) have been provided in detail. The steps involved Reconnaissance studies, Feasibility screening studies, Assembly and Analysis of previously collected data, Identifying of primary data collection needs, and Environmental Impact Surveys design drawings project specific Environmental Data Analysis. Determination of Potential Impact Area, Integration of Environmental Concerns into the Design process, Public Participation and Consultations, Assessment of Alternatives and finally the preparation of Environmental Management Plans have been the integral part of the methodology followed. For all surveys the core impact area has been taken as 20m on both sides ie a 40m wide corridor along the length of the project road with the existing road as centre line. The general study area has been fixed as 1Okm on both sides with a 20km wide corridor. impact
APPLICABLE LEGAL, POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAME WORK COUNTRY REQUIREMENTS
With the very recent GOI Gazette notification of September 14 of the previous year, on environmental clearance, the State Highways are in generally classified as Category B projects, however as earlier all eco-sensitive roads are category A projects that require mandatory central clearance. In fact category B projects are also reviewed by MOEF by constituting a State level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA). Besides this, there are several other environmental requirements of the State and central sect oral and cross sect oral laws, regulations. rules and
INSTITUTIONAL
The GOHP through the HPRIDC is the executing agency for the project and establishment and infrastructure of the HP-PWD is to be utilised by the HPRIDC for implementation. The GOHP has appointed the Louis Berger Group Inc. as Project Consultants to assist the HPRIDC in all aspects of project preparation and implementation in accordance with the objectives as detailed in the Terms of Reference (TOR). These tasks are linked to the engineering social aspects and of the project that will be implemented through out the period of Consultancy agreement. The institutional arrangements required at the PWD, Contractors and the CSC (supervision consultants) have been defined properly for the smooth implementation of the project components. The EMP specifies the environmental supervision, monitoring and auditing requirements. The monitoring programme specify parameters, reference standards, monitoring method, frequency, duration, location, reporting responsibilities, and what other inputs (e.g., training) are necessary. The EMAP on the other hand provides an action plan showing the mitigation measures time of implementation, who will implement, at what location and who will supervise etc. This is provided for pre- construction, construction and post construction stages. The EMP listed all mandatory government clearance conditions, and the status of procuring clearances. EIA_ for 3 Roads starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project
CLEARANCES REQUIRED FOR THE PROJECT environmental clearance as it does The project road considered in this contract package does not require National has considerable forest cover especially not falls in the notified ecologically sensitive area. The PIA (10 km X 10 km) project are provided in Table E 5.0. reserved forests and protected forests. The various clearances required for the PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION TABLE E-5.0: ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES REQUIRED PHASE
Av1'f.1t-a,.. Nw, Approval as per OP Yes for the forest Yes Forest clearance , approval for road side Forest 4.01,4.04, land requirements tree cutting and land requirements Approval as per OP 4.01,4.04 Wildlife Yes Yes Clearance required Approval as per OP 4.01 Environment No Yes No Approval as per OP 4.01 Air/water/noise No Yes, No related According to water noise & Air Act Approval as per OP 4.01 Water No Yes No (impacts as well as construction requirements) Approval as per OP 4.01 Debris disposal No Yes No Approval under OP 4.20 4.11 Yes Yes For Forest land Land acquisitions and 4.30 and rehabilitation (RAP required)
received from the Pollution According to the lefter no EP & PCB/PWD (MISC.)/2006-24356 dated 26-12-2006 in this report with bound Vol 1 EA Control Board; Mehatpur-Una-Amb and Una- Nerchowk project roads considered up-gradation does not requires GOI (EIA = EA+EMP, where EA and EMP are separate volumes) for widening and the State Pollution Control Board environmental clearance. The Project has obtained State level clearance from is also required to meet the WBs (PCB). Because of the World Bank's categorisation as Category A projects, EIA safe guard policies.
BASELINE CONDITION, POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION EFFORTS
E-7. The baseline data, impacts and mitigation measures have been organized in the Table
Table E-7 Baseline Environmental Scenario along two project roads Una- Nerchowk Environmental parameters Mehatpur-Una-Amb Physical Environment Flat & Roling Terrain Flat terrain Shiwalik Geology Shiwalik och repts-orthents-ustalfs Soil type ochrepts-orthents-ustalfs 10 streams/ one pond Surface water bodies crossing/along the 10- rivers/streams road: Canal/stream/ pond 60-HP/ 13-Well/ 5-Springs Ground water bodies along the road: 9-HP/ 42-shallow TW/ 8-Wells HP/TW/Well/spring Within permissible limit Surface and ground water quality Slightly low but within permissible limit Within permissible limit Air quality SPM-slightly higher (but within permissible limit) Within permissible limit Noise quality Slightly higher but within permissible limit Bio- Environment DPF (demarcated protected forest) & Forest along the road DPF (declared protected forest) - Avenue I hmachal State Roads l'roject F.ILk for 3 Roads starting from LUna town
Environmental parameters Mehatpur-Una-Amb Una- Nerchowk plantation UPF (undemocratic protected forest) Eco-sensitive areas with in 10 km Natural forest ecosystems (private forests) Natural forest Ecosystems Avenue Trees along the road to cut 3525 4367 Socio- Cultural environment Settlement along the road 11 33 Religious properties along the road Temples-9 Temples-45 Shrines-4 Shrines-26 Gurudwara-2 Archaeological structure Archaeological structure with 100m distance of -- the project road on the At Una Km 18.000 LHS Educational institutes along the road 13 Schools &one College 27 Schools & two Colleges BIO-DIVERSITY ISSUES Most important natural forest ecosystem in the PIA areas are provided in the Table E 6.0
Flora, Fauna and Natural Forest ecosystems
Project will require removal of more than 7042 (280+3083+3679 for three roads) trees from the side of the project road. More than seven hundred trees will be removed from the forest areas also. All this requires compensatory afforestation according to the Forest conservation Act. The forest department will complete this task up on payment. The project location is in an area of highly diverse fauna. There are many threatened species of the endangered, critically endangered, threatened categories of fauna in the region. All consultations carried out with the local communities and the forest officials do confirm the high faunal presence in the PIA. The investigations could locate bird-nesting places on the trees as well as on the mud holes. Various wild animals identified include Leopard also. the big cat
Contractor shall not establish camps in the vicinity of forests within 500m distances. Contractor will have to vigorously implement the Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) provided in the EMP, which specifies the dos, and don'ts in the Forest areas to address all biodiversity related issues according to the forest management plan. area
Table-6.0 Protected Forest areas PF) in the PIA of the project road Corridor Name Name of Length (in Forest Kin) Name of Forest Length (in Km) Boru PF 3 Mehatpur Una Pamgar Falar PF 2ik Mubarpur Daulatpur H.P. Fairly dense pine forest 2 boundary Road Akoi Ki Dhar PF 1 (Section Una to Amb) Dharo RF 2 Lohara RF 1 Una Aghar Barsar Ma Mandir Khas Forest 2 Humal PF Jahu Bhambla 1 Mandi-upto Ner Open mixed Jungle 2 Jirdari PF 0.5 Chowk road Kariara PF 4 Badiana PF 0.5 Solansinghi & Biambhi PF 3 Sidhkot PF 1 Kanura PF 3 Gobarta PF 1 Pariala PF 1 Dola PF 0.5 Satrukha PF 1 Lakwan PF 0.5 Jatunda PF 1 Bagh PF 0.5 Thana PF 2 Pipli PF 0.5 Bakro PF 1 EI\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project
Length (in Corridor Name Name of Forest Km) Name of Forest Length (in Krn) Karer PF
STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS part of EA process. This will be continued Community and stakeholder consultations are a continuing integral through out the period of pre-construction and construction process. in Dec 2005. These consultations The official level consultations started with the project environmental investigations studies for 1675kms of roads carried out in where considered for the Environmental Screening relating to feasibility along the project road. Table E- 7.0 is the October 2006. A number of project specific consultations were also held with various stake holders adequate summary issues raised during the consultations. During consultation dissemination of Project summary has been made.
Table E- 7.0 Summary Of Consultation Held In Mehatpur-Una and Una-Nerchowk raised by Stake Holders Type Of No Of No Of Summary issues Consultation Meetings Participants for new parking Retaining walls Individual 28 140 Provision (11 +17) (55+85) areas Breast walls Public comfort station villagers 36 251 Foot path (8+28) (56+196) Rain shelter Speed breakers 7 140 Bus bays Focus Group (3+4) (60+80) Sign boards Bypasses and realignments Crash barriers/parapet
Dust control Institutional 106 Drainage (33+73) Street lights (Range officers & 26 Proper compensation School principles) (9+17) Road should be more safe needed to the PAPs for the road users Water for Construction - Road side tree planting availability
Boundary wall to separate Wildlife presence in many from the traffic corridor for corridors schools Monkey menace
Total97 638 Provision for Noise reduction zones Trees should be planted Total (31+66) (204+434) for silence Affected temples should be Minimise tree cutting properly compensated Develop valley view locations Flimachal State Roads Project ELk for 3 Roads starting from Una town
INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
To make the consultation process effective, it needs to be a two way process where in the project provides information about the project so as to receive inputs from the stakeholders. This also signifies as it protects the rights of the stakeholders to understand the project in nut shel.
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
All project environmental and social documents have been disclosed by the WB at its web site and also in the Info shop at Delhi and Washington. HPRIDC will disclose the project documents in a number of places. A summary of the project EA and RAP will be translated to local language and will be disclosed at the panchayath level apart from the disclosure of the documents at the district level.
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
With and without project scenario
The' no action alternative' will allow the present unsafe driving conditions of this project roads to continue and worsen. 'No action alternative' will not improve the much needed Una-Nerchowk road connectivity to Mandi town and also to the adjoining Punjab plains and the Chandigarh for the entire region with Una as a nodal centre. Although 'with scenario' considered the development and improvement of the Una -Road net work ( ie three roads connecting three important areas viz Mandi, Mehatpur and Amb regions), access to all other towns in Punjab (For example Hoshiarpur is very close from the Una -Amb road) and access to Haryana would be easier in addition to the airport at Chandigarh. Easy linkage to Shimla and all other parts of the State with much less travel time will be a boost for the people of the region. Project has studied various alternatives and established the need for the improvement of this road for the overall development of the State.
ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED
As far as the contract packages included in this EIA is concerned, except Contract 1, the widening options were very limited as the entire corridor pass through mountain systems surrounded by forest reserves in most of the Project influenced areas. Widening towards valley side is almost impossible except the alternative option of having expensive viaducts. Because of the same reason, the viaducts initially considered in the project were later from further consideration. dropped The project improvement alternatives are provided in table E-8.0.
Table E-8.0: Alternatives considered Project (Investment) Alternative Description of the Alternative Project Alternative A Base Case (do-nothing! do-minimum)
Project Alternative B Improvement/ Upgrading to Two Lane Standards (including investment on bridges) Project Alternative C ImprovemenV Upgrading to Two Lane Standards (excluding investment on bridges)
As provided earlier, the economic return for the finally accepted options are much higher than 12%. the required level of
DESIGN ALTERNATIVES
Road Cross section alternatives
The full description of the design is given in the final design report. All cross sections finally considered for project is provided in E-9.0. the FIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town FIlimachal State Roads Project
Table E-9.0: Baseline details of the prolect corridor Length Proposed lane Road Section Terrain Existing Lane Road (km) No. Name Name 17.000 4 lane 1 Mehatpur-Jhalera Plain Double lane /intermediate Double lane with hard shoulders 22 and improved standards 2 Jhalera-Amb Plane Double lane single lane with hard shoulders and improved standards 3 Una Nerchowk Rolling Single lane
Cross Section alternatives Una- Amb 12 and for Una-Nerchowk 11 Subsequent to the completion of the alignment design,in total, there are (total 23) cross sections were formulated.
General alignment alternatives there are three alternatives that had been The proposed alignment shall follow the existing alignment in general but or a cultural property. These are simply tried for various reasons for example to save/avoid buildings or a monument impact minimisation or impact avoidance measures available to the project. are; For any road project in planes the three possible options for road improvements to the right side) from the centre line * Left Side Widening, (LSW) - This is widening towards the left side (not of impact. The decision is to avoid because of the difficulty in the opposipte side due to the magnitude costly land acquisition and environmental and social impacts of higher magnitude and will not allow Not considered as a potential demolition of high-rise buildings or impact to sensitive ecological resources. alternative but was an option at isolated areas because of technical reasons. case but the widening towards the * Right Side Widening (RSW) - The case is exactly similar to the previous in general but was an option at right side instead of the left side. Not considered as a potential alternative isolated areas because of technical reasons. in majority of the corridor lengths * Central Widening (CW). This is the general option that has been followed use of complete available ROW for all three sections. Since the land value in general is high, the maximised 000s of trees. is the best option. But this option could lead to the cutting of existing 1
and social impacts to a great extent. If all Such shifts to LHS, RHS and CW have avoided adverse environmental has been chosen as in the case of these three are not possible/ viable/ or not safe then an alternative alignment relocation of the existing alignment. The realignments and the bypass at Bhota. This alternative alignment is a total by the HPRIDC/PWD engineers) has project team (design engineers, environmentalists and sociologists supported and design requirements with proper considered all these alternatives depending on the local circumstances consideration of environmental and social dimension of the project.
Realignment alternatives described above in table E 2.0 and E.3.0 Total realignment alternatives considered in this contract has been already and further in table E-10 A & B.
Retaining Wall- alternatives results, with the location where the Based on the designed alignment and on the basis of the topographic surveys have adopted the retaining wall normal fill slopes can not be used due to the topographic conditions, consultants been provided. with stone masonry with plum concrete. Requirement of Retaining Wall has
Road Side Drainage-Alternatives I limachal State Roads Project El-\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town
The road side drainage is ensured by three alternatives viz., Trapezoidal drain, V-Shaped drain, covered drain depending up on the location. In total 15 locations along Una-Nerchowk and 16 locations along Mehatpur-Una- Amb have been provided with covered drains, depending on the location and the requirement it is provided on one both side of the cross section. side or
Rain Shelter & Bus Bay - alternatives
Based on the details of the existing bus shelter and the consultations carried out by both social and environmental teams, the rain shelter & bus bay alternatives were decided. There are provisions of 48 rain sheltors and bus bays along Mehatpur-Una-Amb and 62 Nos along Una-Nerchowk.
SAFETY AND HEALTH ASPECTS -ALTERATIVES
Road safety in Design
Road safety is an important aspect of the modern design requirements. All possible road safety measures have been taken in to consideration while designing the project. This include provision for bus lay bys, parking areas, and also include improved lining and signing, guard rails at appropriate locations, pedestrian crossing facilities. Locations of all these features are provided in the Volume of drawings. Near schools there would be raised foot path zebra crossing and a Standard road safety signage relating to schools.
Table E-10 a) Mehatpur-Una Amb section- Design optimization for minimizing impacts Si. chainage locaton Action alternatives No: No action alternatives 1 19+700 9 trees impacted 16 trees saved 2 25+200 16 trees impacted 16 trees, one temple saved 3 28+600 1 hand pump and 3 trees impacted 18 trees saved 4 31 +300 Dhusada 3 trees and 1 tube well impacted 19 trees saved 5 38+700 7 trees impacted 48 trees, one filter pump 6 39+400 13 trees impacted 20 trees and one shrine 7 44+900 13 trees impacted 25 trees saved 8 45+800 Katorh kalan 33 trees impacted, 1 well impacted Temple saved, 25 trees saved 9 46+700 3 trees & 1 well impacted 4 trees saved
Table El0 (b Una-Nerchowk section -Design optimization for minimizing Chainage impacts Changes Si. No: LHS RHS 1 3.00-3+100 Water tank, hand pump, 5 trees saved 2 3+500 2 trees saved 3 trees saved 3 5+900 1 tree saved 4 7+660 2 trees saved 5 12+800 Temple &tree saved 6 13.00 3 trees saved 7 15+00 2 trees saved 8 24+700 1tree saved 9 24+800 Big pipal tree 10 55+350 & spring saved 11 Some forest area saved 55+530 1 Hand pump & 1public water supply saved 12 70+700 2 trees saved 13 63+200 Some forest area saved 14 63+650 Some forest area saved 15 63+800 Some forest area saved 16 64+520 2 trees saved 18 64+950 10 trees saved El.\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project
Chainage Changes RHS Si. No: LHS Little forest area saved 19 65+780 Little forest area saved 20 76+300 Very big pipal tree saved 21 77+320 Pipal with platform & public water supply saved tree) 22 82+500 One temple & 11 trees (including very big banyan saved 23 95+560 1tree saved 10 trees & many small shisham trees saved 95+900 24 2trees saved 97+500 25 7trees saved 26 97+600 27 97+800 Platform tree saved 28 98+680 3trees saved 29 98+800 5 trees saved 30 99+300 Forest area saved ( 300m) 31 99+600 3 trees saved 32 99+700 12 trees saved 33 99+800 Forest area saved
Health and safety measures for Workers and labours are clearly provided. Depending on the nature Road safety during implementation various measures for this aspect protective equipments (PPE). A list of personal of work all workers shall be provided with adequate personal insurance to its workers covering through out the protective equipments (PPE) is provided. Contractor must ensure Construction contract period.
ROAD INTERSECTION ALTERNATIVES
along the project road section. Consultants Major Intersections -Consultants have identified the major intersections with the IRC guidelines. Along Mehatpur - have developed the layout for all the major intersections in accordance along Una - Nerchwok and the last one is Una- Amb there are - intersections. There are eight major intersections the State and District Roads. The details of major with National Highway No 20 leading to Mandi, remaining are with and B. intersections along the project road are provided in Table E-11 .0A
Table E-1 1.0 A Intersections Along Una - Amb Road Section Si. No. Chainage (km) Type of Junction y 1 17.95 T 2 21.90 T 3 36.30 Y 4 38.58 T 5 50.30
Table E-1 1.0 B-Major Intersections Along Una -Nerchwok Junction Si. No. Chainage (km) Type of T 1 0.00 Y 2 27.45 Y 3 35.80 Y 4 47.15 Y 5 49.00 T 6 65.80 T 7 67.20 T 8 67.20 Y 9 85.85 Y 10 108.70 T 11 121.70 I limachal Statc Roads Project EL\ for 3 Roads starting from IUna town
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Table E-1 2 provides the list of identified environmental issues and impacts due to the project implementation.
TABLE E-12.0: IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS DUE TO THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
ROAD MAJOR ISSUES NAME OTHER ISSUES Mehatpur - * Top soil erosion Una * Social impacts including land acquisition and resettlement * Operational phase Una-Amb * Impact to avenue plantation (declared protected forests) impacts * Impact to wildlife- traffic/wildlife conflict * Erosion * Impact to drinking water sources such as HP's,PWS * Removal of private trees ,tube wells inthe land to be * Provision for Parking areas acquired * Impact to religious properties * Longitudinal and cross drainage * Debris and waste disposal * Loss of agricultural areas
Una - * Impact to forest reserves (land requirement as well as the * Private /road side tree Barsar- Forest tree cutting) cutting Nerchowk * Impact - wildlife- traffic/wildlife conflict * Water for construction * Impact - drinking water sources such as springs, Hand * Health and safety pumps issues during construction and * Provision for Parking areas operational phases * Stabilization of slopes * Impact to religious properties * Monkey menace-traffic/monkey conflict * Longitudinal and cross drainage * Debris and waste disposal * Loss of agricultural areas
Table E-13.0 provides the specific details of the Environmental impact summary
Table E-13.0 Environmental Im)act summary Si. no Parameter Mehatpur-Una-Amb Una-Nerchowk Negative Impacts 1 Hand pumps/Tube wells / public water supply Relocation 120 (Nos.) 146 3 Relocations of religious properties None 4 4 Transfer of agriculture land 5 Borrow earth 1,648,000 NA 6 Quarry Material 225000 275,000 8 No of trees to be felled 3363 3679 1 Enhancements sites Positive Impact A Archaeological properties 1 B Cultural/ religious properties 2 D Educational institute 2 I Sitting arrangements(Valley view locations) 1 EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project
Una-Nerchowk SI. no Parameter Mehatpur-Una-Amb 2 J Vegetative/wall noise barrier 106 K Tree saving(nos.) 87 7 6 L Realignments 10 M Sign boards 7 5 8 N Municipal waste disposal sites Road safety Measures 6 10 A Major junction improvement 5 169 C Intersections/access improvement (Minor & Major) 62 D Bus bays 48 11 33 E Pedestrian crossing 463 917 G Sinage board 16 15 H Side walk with covered drain( location) 12.84 LinedL drain 5.43 16.5 1.9 J Four laned section Bridge Approaches K Crash barriers(locations) 5000 Crash barriers(length in m) 3500
AVOIDANCE, MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES Nevertheless in this hilly Himalayan Avoidance has been seen as the best mitigation strategy followed in the project. and enhancement measures were taken State alternative alignments are very difficult to locate. Therefore mitigation measures followed in the project. as the best option to reduce impacts. Table 14.0 provides the avoidance
Table E.14.0 Avoidance measure Adopted in the Design Mehatpur -una-Amb Una-Nerchowk
U_ a) 0 .2 = ). Environmental E cE Parameters > CD*U EECU DUEE 3 >E aEn C < E E E 3679 3573 106 Trees (no) 3363 3286 87 14 ha 7 ha 7ha Forest area (ha.) NA NA NA 51-hand pumps 49 2 Tube wells/hand pumps 37-hand 34 3 (no) pumps 5 5 - Open wells (no) 18 18 . 11 5 6 Religious properties 1 | 52 39 13 Land acquisition (ha.) 23 21 2
Table E-15 provides the specific details of the impacts and management measures.
Table E-15.0 Environmental Impact and Management Measures Measures SI Area Impacts Management No. Borrow pits will be restricted to 1 m depth followed by I Topography * Change in existing profile of the land * of pits. & Geology due to borrow pits at Bhota. resurfacing will be procured from approved * Disturbance on geological setting due * Road building materials only. to quarrying especially cutting of hill and licensed quarries slopes * Suitable seismic design of the bridge structures will be Elimaclhal State Roads Project ElIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
Si Area Impacts Management No. Measures * Uncontrolled digging of borrow pits adopted to mitigate the earthquake impacts resulting inwater accumulation 0 &breeding of vector disease for * Various Slops stabilisation techniques such Mehatpur-Amb road as geotechnical, bio engineering adopted 2 Soil * Disruption & loss of productive top * Adequate measures like adequate drainage, soil due to erosion. embankment consolidation & slope stabilization * Loosening will be taken along the of top soil & loss of road to avoid soil erosion. vegetative cover along the road due * Pilot Bioengineering works have already initiated to excavation &back at sundli filling which will region to prevent the soil erosion lead to enhanced soil erosion. 0 * Huge quantity of Debris excavated * Top soils (15 cm) of borrow pit sites will be will create havoc conserved and in the site restored after excavation is over. * Accidental spillage of lubricants/oil and molten asphalt will be avoided by adherence to good practices. 3 Land use * Loss of agricultural land resources * Earth material generated from excavation of roadways & due to land acquisition for the road. drainage will be reused during site development. * Generation of solid waste in the form * Construction debris will be disposed of of construction in suitable pre spoils from identified dumping areas. construction sites. * Dumping areas will be biologically reclaimed. * Changes in existing land use pattern * Construction camp will be provided to avoid indiscriminate of the ROW for construction of the settlement of construction workers. road. * Staging of the debris on / along the road will not be allowed. * Regular inspection of construction site will be carried out to ensure for this.
4 Drainage * Change indrainage pattern of the * Adequate lined and covered drains land. are provided for the project to facilitate its long life, and to avoid soil erosion & * Increased incidence and duration of land degradation. floods due to obstruction of natural * Adequate cross drainage works &structures will be drainage courses by the road provided for smooth passage of runoff embankment. to avoid flooding. * Steps at the bridge sites will be provided to inspect, regular * Chances of filling of existing drainage cleaning and inspection of these sites. courses during earth filling. * Filling of existing drainage courses will be strictly avoided. * Suitable drainage at construction site & camp will be provided to avoid water stagnation, soil erosion & mosquito breeding. 6 Water use5 * Impact on the local water sources * Minimum use of existing water sources for construction will due to use of construction water. be ensured to minimize likely impacts on other users. * Insnow fall areas water conservation measures can be adopted for avoiding the shortage of water 6 Water quality * Increase of sediment load inthe run * Sediment traps will be provided to off from reduce sediment load in construction sites and construction wastewater. increase in turbidity in receiving * Proper sanitation facilities will be streams/waterbodies. provided inconstruction camp to prevent health related problems. * Water pollution due to sewage from * a All the construction activities will be carried out during dry construction camps. seasons only. 7 Air quality * Deterioration of air quality due to * Construction materials will be stored fugitive inenclosed spaces to dusts emission from prevent fugitive emissions, construction activities like excavation, * Truck carrying soil, sand and stone will be duly covered to backfilling & concreting, and hauling avoid spilling. & dumping of earth materials & * Adequate dust suppression measures such as regular construction spoils, and vehicular water sprinkling on haul & unpaved roads particularly near movement along unpaved roads. habitation will be undertaken to control fugitive dust. * Deterioration of air quality due to * Stringent construction material handling/overhauling gaseous emissions from construction procedures will be followed. * Low emission construction equipment & vehicles will be used. * It will be ensured that all construction equipment & vehicles are in good working condition, properly tuned & maintained to keep l______emissions within permissible limits. * Asphalt and hot mix plants will be located at least 500 m EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project
Management Measures Si Area Impacts No. away from inhabited areas and 300 mfrom the road. * Construction camp and temporary labour sheds will be Noise level * Increase in noise level due to 8 the immediate vicinity of the construction activities like operation located away from and major road traffic. of construction equipment &vehicular construction sites such as ear plugs etc. will be provided to traffic. * Protective gears construction personnel exposed to high noise levels as preventive measures. * Low noise construction equipment will be used. * It will be ensured that all construction equipment &vehicles arein good working condition, properly lubricated & maintained to keep noise within permissible limits. * Stationary construction equipment will be placed sufficiently away from inhabited areas and silence zones. * Construction activities carried out near residential area will be scheduled to the day time only so that minimum disturbances are caused to people. * Vegetative and wall barrier provided to minimise the noise level at identified locations. * No tree shall be felled beyond the toe line of proposed cross 9 Flora and * Loss of flora &loss of habitat of fauna due to felling of trees along the section. fauna of diverted forest land will be afforested ROW. * Two times of area of forest department. HPRIDC will deposit * Short term disturbance to avian as per direction for afforested as forest department will fauna. the required amount plantation. In addition to this NPV * Loss of 6.54 ha of forestland land specify for compensatory forest land will be paid to forest department * Loss of 7362 trees along road for the diverted be developed to enhance the aesthetic corridor * Median hedge will glare on the four lane roads. * Nesting and breeding places of avian look& reduce headlight as per the FCA Act fauna affected * Compensatory afforestation tree planting along road corridor as per FCA * Impact to Wildlife crossing areas * Compensatory * Monkey menace areas act. * Cooking fuel should be provided to construction workers to avoid cuttingifelling of trees for fuel wood. * Nesting places will be protected, monkey menace areas will be informed to road users, wildlife crossing areas flagged with proper information bvoards * Affected tube wells, temples & mosques will be suitably 10 Amenities & * Partial or total effect on roadside educational, medical & other relocated. cultural will be given for other affected amenities amenities and religious & cultural * Compensation properties colleges, hospitals, banks, post-offices & properties like temples & mosques like schools, due to additional and acquisition. markets. * Adequate & equitable compensation, rehabilitation & 11 Rehabilitatio * Acquisition of agricultural land which resettlement measures for PAPs are provided in RAP n & is the source of sustenance of those prepared for the project. resettlement families. sources will be provided against the * Demolition of houses & other * All drinking water structures within ROW resulting in imported sources displacement of people. construction camps with adequate potable * Influx of construction work-force & * Temporary 12 Construction & primary health facilities and fuel supplier who are likely to construct waters upply, sanitation camp be provided to accommodate construction temporary tents in the vicinity. for cooking will * Likely sanitation & health hazards & workers. that the construction workers are other impacts on the surrounding * Itwill be ensured cooking to avoid cutting of trees from the environment due to inflow of provided fuel for construction labourers. adjoining areas. well as the sanitary wastes from construction * Health Risks due to lack of health and * Domestic as regularly and disposed as per local sanitation conditions through disposal camps will be cleared by local administration (Municipalities, of sewage on open land which may practice stipulated cause mosquito nuisance, water borne Panchayats etc.). first aid, diseases * Arrangements for on HIV/AIDS etc. * etc. Chances of spread of sexually * Awareness programmes transmittable diseases like AIDS * Adequate safety measures complying to the occupational 13 Occupational * Health & safety related problems safetymanuals will be adopted to prevent health& toconstruction workers due to f limachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
Si Area Impacts Management No. Measures safety inadequatehealth &safety easures. accidents/hazards to the construction workers. Periodic health 14 check-up of construction workers will be done. Road safety * Increase on incidence of road * Road safety has been given very high importance during accidents due to disruptions caused construction and operational phase with elaborate in existing traffic movements. arrangements for implementation and monitoring of the success of implementation. 15 Land use & * Change of land use by squatter/ * Planning agencies and Collector/ Revenue Officer will be Encroachme encroachment within ROW and made involved for controlled development and prohibiting nt induced development outside the squatter/encroachment within ROW. ROW. * Development and enhancement of oxbow land and other * Lots of left over portion of the land left over portions of the old road row. including larger oxbow lands 16 Drainage * Filthy environment due to improper * Drainage system will be properly maintained. -maintenance of drainage. 17 Water quality * Chances of contamination of water * Oil interceptor will be provided at construction yard. bodies from road surface run off * Contingent actions will be taken for speedy cleaning up containing oil spills due to traffic of oil spills, fuel and toxic chemicals in the movement & accidents. event of accidents. 18 Air quality * Air pollution due to vehicular * Vehicular emission will be controlled through emission from enforcement road traffic. of laws and public awareness. * Parking lay-byes and bus bays will be provided at required locations to facilitate smooth traffic flow. * Regular monitoring of air quality at specified locations will 19 be conducted. Noise Level * Noise pollution due to traffic noise. * Vehicular noise & use of horns will be controlled through enforcement of laws and public awareness. * Road signs prohibiting the use of horns will be placed a residential areas, sensitive locations & silence zones. * Regular monitoring of noise level at specified locations will be conducted 20 by HPRIDC Flora & * Illegal felling of roadside plantation. * Plantation along the ROW will be fauna * Effect on aquatic maintained properly and fauna in case of protected from illegal felling. accidental spill of oil, fuel &toxic * Contingent actions will be taken in the event * chemicals into accidental spill of oil, fuel &toxic chemicals * water bodies. 21 Access * Significant severance problem on * Intersection & approach of existing major upgraded. pedestrian and animal crossing and * Animal crossings to facilitate smooth traffic cross traffic due & pedestrian to widening & movement to avoid accidents. increase in traffic speed. * Access of primary schools will be modified in S shaped to slow down the speed of the primary school children, when they come out. Itwill avoid chances for accidents of school children. * Bus bays will be provided at suggested suitable 22 Road safety * Impacts on human locations. health due to * Adequate traffic safety measures accidents. e.g. crash barriers & pedestrian railings will be provided wherever required. * Damage of road due to wear & tear. * Proper & adequate road signs, road markings, kerb paintings and road furniture like overhead gantry signs, roadway delineators etc. will be provided. * Adequate illumination will be provided at interchange locations for safe and efficient traffic operations especially during night and inclement weather. * Periodical inspection of the road will be conducted to detect anomalies inpavement. EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Project
ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION AND ENHANCEMENT MEASURES are described in the contract specific Environmental All environmental mitigation and enhancement measures Action Plan (EMAP) is a table In EMP to execute the management plans (EMP). The Environmental Management project preparation phase (design) of the project. Details environmental management measures identified during the pre construction, construction and operational phase of various mitigation measures are to be implemented during bill of quantities (BOQ), typical execution drawings are presented in the EMAP. EMP includes detailed specifications, mitigation and enhancement measures suggested in and contracting procedures for execution of the environmental implementation of EMP Table E-1 6. Figure E-2.0 provides the arrangements for the Table E-16 Environmental Enhancement measures the Proect: Table E-16 Enhancement Measures Provided for Valley Realignment Religious School Archaeological Corridor name view enhancement structure enhancement Monuments location enhancement 1 7 Mehatpur- Una -Amb 1 - 6 Una-Nerchowk 2 2
and operational stages of the project. Where ever This is separately considered for pre-construction, construction All studies relating to the project has finally come possible location specific mitigation measures have been devised. plans. This plan has been recommended for out with an implementable environmental mitigation & enhancement reduce significant negative impacts to acceptable levels. feasible and cost-effective measures to avoid, prevent or on the environmental components, the EMP identifies Apart from mitigation of the potential adverse impacts quality along the corridor. This also includes the opportunities that exist for the enhancement of the environmental along the corridor; some road user facilities such as bus enhancement of specific enhancement of cultural properties areas. EMP included management and redevelopment of lay bys and waiting sheds (part of civil work) and parking stabilisation initiative viz., bioengineering. In order to destabilised slopes especially by including a pilot slope needs to prepare specific plans for the following; implement the Environmental Management plan, Contractor haul roads, and disposal) * Debris (Muck) disposal plan (Includes collection, transportation * Construction phase Water management plan * Management plan for Construction camps, Labour camps, Crushers, etc) * Management plan for plant sites (WMM Plan, Hot mix, * Accidents, safety and Traffic Management plan. the excavation of the hill ward side for widening and how This should include how the Contractor wanted to execute specify the timings/effectiveness wanted to remove the does it links to the debris disposal plan. Contractors need to and the location of intending material storage place. excavated material. What is the method of storing the material
ENVIRONMENTAL TRAINING PLAN provision for INR 5 million ( INR 50 Lakhs) EMP provides details of a proposed training plan with a budgetary Costs Construction-Related Environmental Mitigation and Enhancement are provided in the respective EMPs. Since many of the The total environmental mitigation cost for the four contracts total mitigation cost actually incurred would be much mitigation plans are provided in the Civil works BOOs the higher. The various costs would include; - Parking areas for trucks, jeeps and Taxis - Bus lay buy - Rain shelter - Construction of Community spaces utilising the Oxbow lands - Proper Sewage Disposal During Construction - Proper Waste Disposal At Service Centres I fimachal State Roads Project EllA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
- Noise Mitigation - Pilot Bio engineering for slope stabilisation - Geotechnical solutions for Slope Stabilisation - Water Spray For Dust Suppression - Construction/Replacement Hand Pumps Subject To Impact - Tree planting along 'Oxbow Lands' and other spaces available Policy Development - Development of water resources - Roadside Environmental And Road Safety - Specific mitigation efforts such as fencing of the bird nesting places, improvement to the access to the Archaeological property at Una etc.
Figure E-2: I inpluimiinitation \rral-eintient fbr tIelIie irojijilnltal \l;ici i1tt l'1;1 k I1)
I Project Director/ l Chief Engineer
Environmental Officer l (Conservator of Forests) . a. Team Leader
< b Resident Engineer A I_Executive Engineer EMU At the camp at site Assistant Engineer Environment
Environmental Officer CSC HQ Project Manager Construction Contractor v
Junior Environmental LEngineer at site EvoSite Environmental Engineer- Contractor
8 | Implementation of EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town f-limachal State Roads Project
Indian rupees) TABLE E-16.0: THE ESTIMATED COST OFTHE PROJECT ROAD (in million
COST 'ITA COP COOT PROJECTRODS E,uIu COST (INR MILLION) (IN MON) (INA WwN) |1NIR MwON) 13.83 Mehatpur-Una-Amb 1216.02 1,388
(824.59 8.764 (7.47+0.78+0.514) 5.0 Una-Nerchowk 2428.40 2073.84 +824.09 +425.16)
16) Total 3644.42 +425. is approximately INR 3645 million. The estimated cost as on January 2007 for the project roads under consideration I limaclhal Statc Roads Project ElV for 3 Roads starting from U[a town
Environmental Impact Assessment for Methatpur-Una-Amb and Una-Barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk Roads EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. PROJECT BACKGROUND plan for improving/upgrading the Himachal Pradesh (GOHP) has geared-up with an ambitious The Government of taking place in the the growth of the economy and infrastructure developments road network of the State in tune with has the GOHP through the Government of India (GOI) rest of the country. In order to materialise this plan, the up gradation and improvement of the State Highways approached the World Bank (WB) for loan assistance for World Bank has therefore agreed to support the project (SHs) and Major District Roads (MDRs) in the State. The of the project conforming to environmental and with a loan agreement that in principle includes the implementation frame work of the country. social safegurad policies of the World Bank and the legal (GOHP) environmental Government of India (GOI) and State Government The Project requires World Bank, this proceed. Although the three road corridors considered in clearances and approvals before construction work can defined eco sensitive areas of Himachal Pradesh these report are not located adjacent to any designated legally None of the roads considered in the first phase requires roads are in reality located adjacent to eco-sensitive areas. and Forests (MOEF) as these roads are not located environmental clearance (EC) from the Ministry of Environment no clearances would be sought from the GOI -MOEF. adjucent to any legally defined eco-sensitive areas. Therefore PCB. However this is subjected to the recomendation of State the for the project and establishment and infrastructure of The GOHP through the HPRIDC is the executing agency The GOHP has appointed the Louis Berger Group Inc. HP-PWD is to be utilised by the HPRIDC for implementation. of project preparation and implementation in accordance as Project Consultants to assist the HPRIDC in all aspects (TOR). These tasks are linked to the engineering and with the objectives as detailed in the Terms of Reference out the period of Consultancy agreement. social aspects of the project that will be implemented through 1.2. NEED OF THE PROJECT roads, only 60% of this length is metalled and 90% is Himachal as on March 2005 has 24,922 km of motorable connected by all weather roads. Most of the existing road single-laned. Less than 50% of all the census villages are roadside parapets and good road geometrics, therefore, lengths lack longitudinal and cross drainage, retaining walls, mountainous topography of the State makes roads the upgradation of the existing infrastructure is essential. The Unfortunately the extent and condition of the current road most viable among the conventional modes of transport. network is inadequate and poor. produce all coming under perishable Pradesh is well known for its fruit, vegetable and agricultural Himachal products are another major share of the which require fast and efficient transport. Fish and livestock commodities to the development of industrial in the State. Recent efforts for industrialization have led primary sector economy raw materials and adjoining the States of Punjab and Haryana. Transport of sites at seven places along the foothills to efficient transport so that major industries are attracted finished goods to and from these industrial zones require picturesque State, employing thousands of people directly the State. Tourism has been a mainstay industry in this connectivity and smooth travel is a necessity for the and indirectly. A transportation network that provides extensive and international tourist destination. development of this sector, to make the State into a National of goods and State will increase the connectivity of places, safe mobility Upgradation of the road network in the of socio-economic development of the people. The success people, resulting in greater utilisation of resources and sectors depend to a great extent on the adequacy of the the various investments by the Government in the different transport infrastructure i.e. road network in the State. and the demographic pattern, the railways and civil aviation Due to the peculiar geographic, topographic constraints in comparison to the Roads and Highways. has a limited scope in this Himalayan State for development I-limachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una towfn
1.3. PROJECT OBJECTIVES
In order to make a rapid economic growth in tune with the economic growth of the country, a modest design for the safe and efficient movement speed of people and goods is seen as the objective. The consultants achieve this standard will be aiming to with required cost effectiveness, coupled with necessary standards for environmental management achieving sustainable development in the State. The steep very unsafe hill roads with deep valleys' and geologically unstable formations give most of the travellers considerable anxiety in their daily use of the highway system; this is applicable to all pedestrians, drivers and passengers. With proper traffic engineering enforcement of the road regulations there and should also be a marked reduction in road traffic accidents. objectives of the project can Therefore the be Stated as to alleviate the current unsafe and congested roads connecting the conditions of the project villages and towns with one another and to the NH network large. for the benefit of the road users at
1.4. PHASING OF THE PROJECT
The project will be undertaken in two phases as provided in exhibit 1.1 and 1.2.
EXHIBIT 1.1: PHASING OF THE PROJECT FOR IMPLEMENTATION -PHASING-- - ,- P.- - PHASE 1: This will provide the information and assessments necessary Project Preparation for World Bank appraisal of the proposed Project. It will include
Phase 1 include Batch 1i Feasibility study and screening of the roads prioritized by the SOS 253 kms and Batch Il; Preliminary design, environmental and social assessment of a selected subset 160 kms Final design, economic analysis and development proposals for about 50% of the selected subset of roads.
PHASE 2: This will include Project Implementation the final design of the remaining roads Assistance with project implementation, coordination & strengthening of skills engineering
EXHIBIT 1.2: PROPOSED PHASE 1 PACKAGE 1 IMPROVEMENT ROADS P_FHASE 1 Package 1:
Part A: Design, environmental and social feasibility studies for 1675 km of prioritized roads. Preliminary engineering for 800 km of roads
Part B: Detailed engineering design of 413 km of the proposed project roads for upgrading. The designs would be the basis of detailed cost estimates to be used in the economic analysis and assessment of project costs. Both batch 1 and 2 of the Phase 1 package 1 comes under the part B shown above. Details of the project roads considered in the Phase 1 are provided in the exhibit 1.3.
'Ibhis is a relative terimi indicating the location of the road on the hill slope. If it is on the top of along the bottom of hill (steep hill) thc hill (deep vallev) or EIA for 3 Roads starting from Ulna town I limachal State Roads Project
PHASE I, BATCH 1PROJECT ROADS EXHIBIT 1.3: DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED
`-7A
Declared m protected Avenue -Una-Amb SH-25 44.200 7.0 1 Mehatpur plantations SH-32 126.270 5.5/3.5m Eco-sensitive 2 Una- Aghar- Barsar- Jahu -Bhambla- areas Mandi 80.730 - Eco-sensitive 3 Theog-Kothkhai-Hatkoti-Rohroo-Chirgaon- areas Sandhasu 251.2
Batch 2 roads is provided in the Exhibit 1.4 Details of the project roads considered in the Phase 1, PHASE I; BATCH 2 PROJECT ROADS EXHIBIT 1.4 DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED
3.5 m(Legally not) Sarkaghat - Jogindernagar 82.980 1 Ghumarwin - .mEco-sensitive (Except NH 70 section) 78.000 5.5 / 3.5 m arens 2 Kumarhatti - Sarahan - Nahan (Dosarka) SH-2 areas 160.98
sensitive areas according to the GOI regulations. Since All road links, identified are located adjacent to ecologically all these three roads have been subjected to the project will be implemented with international assistance, studies. Two out of three link roads (Mehatpur -Una and comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) through any legally defined ecologically sensitive areas. Una -Amb section) described in this report does not pass section passes through eco-sensitive areas. Since these The project road linking Una-Barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk road GOI regulations, the GOI regulations doesn't apply. The areas are not legally defined eco-sensitive area as per and Natural habitats OP 4.04 applies to this corridor. This World Bank Operational policy 4.01 on environmental WB regulations for the road sections provided in exhibit document comprises detailed EIA according to MOEF and 1.5. OF PROJECT ROADS CONSIDERED IN THIS EA EXHIBIT- 1.5: DETAILS OF THE 4 SECTIONS
P W DM (M)WITH RODD NA O S EXU CW CORRrD WIDTH OR No NUme - 7.00 4 laning with 22m width 1 Mehatpur-Una 12.200 SH -25 7.00 4 laning with 22m width up to 1 Una-Amb 32.000 SH-25 Jalera beyond two lane Four lane up to Rly. Station Una- Barsar-Jahu- 126.270 SH-32 5.5/3.5 2 road beyond two lane ~___ Nerchowk __170_47 ______17 0 .4 7 link roads connecting Una town are continuous linking major Since the Una road network (or Una link roads) with all this link road together has been considered as a single Urban centres like Mehatpur, Amb and Mandi at Nerchowk, project for the purpose of documentation. and Screening Report (ESR) report has been prepared As a part of the Feasibility studies, an Environmental during October 2006. The Screening and scoping submitted to the World Bank and the Public Works Department I limachal Statc Roads Project EJA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
studies indicate that all road links would require comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) according to GOI regulations and World Bank operational policies. Details of these requirements are addressed in Chapter 3. The objectives of the Feasibility and Environmental screening studies include but not limited to * Evaluate potential impacts of the project * Establish an engineering design philosophy that integrates environmental and social considerations into the project's detailed engineering design; * Assess alternative project designs and provide input into project design; * Design appropriate and practical mitigation and environmental management measures to be implemented during road construction and operation to avoid or minimize adverse impacts; * Provide practical environmental and social management plans, including an Environmental Management Plan and a Resettlement Action Plan; * Propose and design environmental enhancements to be incorporated in the project implementation plans. 1.5. STUDIES CARRIED OUT EARLIER 1.1.1 STRATEGIC OPTION STUDIES (SOS)
As a first step in May 2005, the State PWD, without any external consulting assistance has successfully completed a Strategic Option Study (SOS) and identified about 1675km of State highways (SH) and Major District Roads (MDR) for the prioritized upgradation and improvement. The Louis Berger Group has started work on the Phase 1, package 1, batch 1 of the project from January 6, 2006. Since then, the consultants are in the process of feasibility analysis and environmental and social screening of the priority roads. 1.1.2 FEASIBILITY STUDY
The feasibility study has been carried out for the road network of 1675kms (43 road links) identified by the SOS study. The Feasibility study has come out with a list of high priority roads based on the engineering and economic aspects prepared using the HDM model. The Economic Internal Rate on Return (EIRR) has been calculated using the model for each of the project roads. The roads which have a rate of return 12 % and above have been considered qualified for the Up-gradation. The EIRR does not include a comprehensive environmental and social screening and scoping analysis. Therefore prioritisation based on these issues has been carried out by environmental and social screening and scoping studies.
1.1.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING AND SCOPING STUDIES The Environmental and social screening Report (ESR) has been prepared to establish the environmental sensitivity of the project roads under consideration. The study will establish the boundaries of further studies required (scoping) based on the proximity to ecologically sensitive and environmental sensitive areas. Accordingly some of the roads categorised as category A (September 14, 2006 MOEF Gazette notification) considered for widening and up- gradation requires GOI environmental clearance. The category B projects will have to obtain State level environmental clearance from the State level Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIA) to be constituted by MOEF (as per the above mentioned Notification) at State level and State Pollution Control Board (PCB). No public hearing would be required for Category B projects like the one described in this report. The Project has to obtain State level clearance from the State Pollution Control Board (PCB). Because of the World Bank's categorisation as Category A projects, a general EIA is also required for all remaining roads considered for up-gradation. This is the basis for the preparation of the document.
1.1.4 HIGH PRIORITY ROADS
The feasibility study has identified additional high priority roads , which will be subjected to detailed design and associated studies in two or more phases. The first set of 413 kms of road constitute phase 1 (both batch 1 & 2 considered together) has been identified by the State Government to include in the project. As stated earlier after the completion of the feasibility studies there had been lot of changes in the list of high priority roads as a part of the ELA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ifimachal State Roads Project
1.4. The list of phase 2 priority roads that is to be feasibility study. These are provided in the exhibit 1.3 and 1.6. There have been changes in the earlier selected subjected to detailed engineering studies are shown in exhibit length has been reduced to just 37kms from 82.980 roads such as the Gumarwin-Jogindernagar where in the total considered earlier as shown in exhibit 1.4 . PROJECT EXHIBIT 1.6: A PHASE 2 ROADS: HP STATE ROAD Length Proposed SI No Name of the candidate road (inkm) Treatment Upgrade to double lane state Mehatpur Una Mubarikpur Daulatpur H.P. boundary Road 45.5 highway (SH) standard (Section Mehatpur-Una to Amb) 109.0 Upgrade to double lane SH 2. Una Aghar Barsar Jahu Bhambla Mandi-upto Ner Chowk road (Section Una-Kalhar) standard Upgrade to double lane SH Theog Kothkhai Hatkoti Rohroo Chirgaon Sandhasu 80.5 standard (Section Theog to Rohru) Upgrade to double lane SH Jogindernagar- Sarkaghat Ghumarwin Road (Section 37.0 4 standard Ghumarwin-Sarkaghat) Upgrade to intermediate lane Kumarhatti-Sarahan-Nahan (Dosarka) 73.0 standard to intermediate lane Sihunta Chowari Jot Chamba Bharmour (Section 23.0 Upgrade 6. Shahpur standard Draman to Sihunta) (Section Ranital to 39.0 Standardize to single lane Dehra Ranital Kotla road _ 7. Mubarikpur ______Kotla)__ Upgrade to double lane SH Bhawarna Lambagaon Jaisinghpur 36.0 8. standard in staged manner
Total 1443,0
REPORT 1.1.5 ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL INDEPENDENT REVIEW significant Environmental issues, category A project According to the World Banks new strategy to address all Consultant. The review will be applicable to all EA requires an environmental independent review by an independent and social review of HP state roads project documents prepared by the design consultants. The environmental during February 2007. Final draft phase 1 batch 1 have been be completed by an independent consultant/agency EIA will address the observations of the Independent consultants.
1.1.6 DOCUMENT ORGANISATION of 1994, as amended on May 4, 1994 and The stipulations of the Environmental Impact Assessment notification Proceedures and Guidelines (1994) and September 14, 2006, Schedule l1l, GOI's Handbook of Environmental been considered for orgainising the chapters of Environmental Guidelines for Rail/Road and Highway Projects has and incorporated according to the World Bank this EIA document. The World Bank guidelines were also considered Bank technical paper number 376: Roads and the operational policy 4.01 and the recommendations from World is organised in two volumes. Environment: A Handbook. Accordingly the entire document in to two volumes in such a way that EIA is The Environmental Impact Assessment report has been organised assessment and the volume 2 is Environmental actually EA plus EMP. Accordingly volume 1 is Environmental Management Plan. Una munciplality. Volume 1 and 2 will be prepared for all three road sections starting/linking requirement of the World Bank with a standard The EMP document has been organised as per the revised Environmental Management Action Plan. of cost estimates marked for internal use only. This has to be prepared in two types, first type with all specific details will be ultimately provided to the contractors for The second type without any specific details of the cost estimates Project specific environmental management the bidding purpose. EMP will be part of the Contract documents. I liinachal State Roads 1'rocct ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
activities to be incorporated in both the construction and operational phases for each presented together with component of the project are a monitoring plan specifying the type of monitoring proposed, warranting environmental the activities and/or conditions monitoring, the responsible agency or organization, factors. the estimated costs and related
The EA Volume has been organized according to the new World Bank requirements provided in the Reference (TOR) as follows: revised Terms of
Chapter 2 Project Description -a brief description of the components of the Himachal State roads Project, the manner in which the various proposed improvements were identified, and details of the proposed action along the project corridor. Chapter 3 - Applicable Policies and Legal Frame Work - Presents the legal and administrative frame work of World Bank, GOI, GOHP and PWD. This section also highlights the various clearances required for the project. This is a basic requirements of international projects funded by Organisations WB, ADB etc. like Chapter 4- Approach and Methodology - presents the methodology followed, different steps environmental in the HPSRP assessment process, sources of data, data to be generated etc. during the studies Chapter 5- Baseline environment -an overview of the relevant aspects of the study area. The major headings of the statement of baseline conditions and the section that follows have been devised on the basis of MOEF's suggested outline and review procedures and supplemented to address World Bank concerns in specific sections. Chapter 6 - Community Consultations -a description of coordination activities in the preparation of the EA, including coordination with Government Agencies, actions undertaken to obtain the views of local non - Government organizations (NGOs) and affected groups, and records of meetings and other activities, communications and comments. Chapter 7- Potential Impacts -an examination of potential impacts related to the various construction activities during pre - construction, construction and post constructional phases. Chapter 7.0 follows basically the same sequence and numbering pattern as Chapter 5.0 to assist review. Chapter 8 - Analysis of Alternatives - an examination of alignment, design and technical alternatives considered in the evolution of the project. Chapter 9- Impact Mitigation and Avoidance - This Chapter is an examination of potential impact mitigation and avoidance actions related to them. This section follows essentially the enumeration same sequence and pattern as Chapter 5.0 & 7.0 to facilitate review. Chapter 10- Environmental Enhancement Measures- Enhancements are those, which further improve the road and will lead to the better acceptance of the project by the community. Environmental enhancement activities provide value addition to this project. This includes tourism enhancement opportunities, parking areas for trucks, jeeps and other vehicles, bus stops, service areas, aesthetically appealing road junctions, foot paths next to hospitals and educational institutions, pilgrim pathways etc. Environmental Environmental Management Plan that include institutional aspects of project implementation Management and EMP measures to be taken care of during preconstruction, construction Plan construction stages. and post
Social Impact A social impact assessment Assessment report has been prepared for the project roads
Resettlement A separately bound Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Action supplements the EIA. The preparation of Plan the draft RAP is being completed simultaneously. This report covers the social impacts such as (RAP) Project Affected People (PAP), Project Displaced Persons (PDP), and the action plan activities associated for various with the land acquisition, compensation and rehabilitation. EIA for 3 Roads starting from iUna town Ilimachal State Roads Project
2 PROJECT DETAILS
2.1 PROJECT LOCATION and located geographically in the western part of the All project roads considered in this report are continuous towards north, south and to east to Amb, Mehatpur and Himachal Pradesh and radially links Una municipal town roads have been provided as follows. Mandi (via Nerchowk) respectively. Details of the three link Road 1- Mehatpur-Una-Amb (45.000 kms) in Punjab border links to the Una muncipal town with a This is actually two roads 1) Mehatpur muncipal town located municipal town to Amb Municipal town. The first section length of 12.220 kms and then (2) the road connecting Una Inception report. Total length of this road has been taken has been included in late February after the preparation of feasibility corridor having the same length of 12.220kms. as 12.220kms as a replacement of the Naina Devi Talakoba the State of Punjab. Mehatpur town is located in Himachal This is a continuous section with zero chainage located in in the State of Punjab is not coming within the purview of Pradesh at a Chainage +5.000. Therefore the first five kms and Amb urban settlement at km 50.000. In the State of this project. Una town is located at chainage 18.000 km located in the plains. Therefore HPPWD officials feel Himachal Pradesh, this road is unique as it is the only highway highway in Himachal Pradesh. Therefore the expectations that this section has the potential to develop as a model along the corridor are Lalsinghi, Jhalera, Basal, in general are high for this road. The other prominent seKtlements and Undiyari. ROW available on this corridor varies Turi, Ghandawal, Dhussada, Behra, Baruhi, Chururu, Nandpur is of mixed nature including agriculture, commercial, between 18m to 26m. The land use along this corridor at Una, Mehtapur and Jhalera Is mostly commercial cum residential and commercial cum residential. The land use with a stock of over 5000 trees. residential. This road has a well preserved avenue planation
Road 11 - Una-Barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk (126.700 km) at a road junction along National Highway ( NH-20) This section starts at Una town and ends at Nerchowk located the link of two important towns of the HP viz., well connected to Mandi town 10 km away. This section materialise already there along the National Highway (NH 20). This Una and Mandi. The link between Mandi and Nerchowk is on this corridor varies between 7 to 11 m. road passes through extensive forest areas. ROW available eco-sensitive areas and the land requirement for Both the section does not pass through any legally defined environmental clearance (EC) form the Ministry of widening is also minimal; therefore this project does not require for the purpose of the analysis and for the environment and Forest (MOEF), Government of India. Nevertheless Bank apply to this document also. This includes analysis documentation the general standards of MOEF and World the centre line of the project road. of a 20 km corridor with the PIA of 10 km on either side of
2.2 DETAILS OF THE PROJECT CORRIDOR study during October 2006. The roads considered for the A feasibility study has been completed in parallel to this 2.1. Feasibility study and analysis is shown in the map exhibit surveys and social impact surveys have been A number of surveys including detailed baseline environmental width is 18 to 22 m for the Mehatpur-Una-Amb. completed along the project road. The measured average corridor daily traffic is mentioned in exhibit 2.2 . Details regarding traffic load along this road as average annual I limachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
EXHIBIT 2.1: ROADS CONSIDERED FOR FEASIBILITY STUDIES
C H A M 1AA L A H A U L AN D
K A N G R A
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EXHIBIT 2.2 TRAFFIC DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ROAD
Road No oIadNam LOcation No hMe(AAD. _ I ID FS MovI SIow_Movin | Totl 1 Una-Amb Una to Jhalera 8196 329 8525 Jhalera to Amb 4318 236 4554 2 Una -NerChowk Una to Bamoh 2160 70 2230 Bamoh to Barsar 2674 58 2732 Barsar to Bhota 3959 15 3974 Bhota to Bhamla 2277 26 2303 Bhamla to Nerchowk 875 6 881 3 Mehatpur to Una Mehatpur to Una 5448 134 5582
2.3 IMPROVEMENT ALTERNATIVE CONSIDERED The improvement alternatives considered are broadly the following: 2.3. 1 MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SECTION
The proposed configuration of the project: EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project
Typical Rural Section (Four lane Section with median) with 1.2m raised median Carriageway 2 x 7.25m lanes divided carriageway Shoulder (Granular) 2 x 1.5m Roadway width : 18.7m
Typical Urban Section (Four lane section ) with 1.2m raised median Carriageway : 2 x 7.25m lanes divided carriageway Shoulder (Granular) : 2 x 1.5m Sidewalk/Lined Drain :2 x 1.2m Roadway width 21.lm
Typical Rural Section (Two lane) Carriageway : 7.00m Shoulder (Paved) :2 x 1.5m Shoulder (Granular) :2 x 1.0m Roadway width : 12m
Typical Urban Section (Two lane) Carriageway : 7.00 m Shoulder (Paved) :2 x 2.5m Sidewalk/Lined Drain :2 x 1.2m Roadway width 14.4m
Bridges configuration in Mehatpur - Una - Jhalera section and It is proposed to construct 2 new major bridges with four lane the entire section. Also about 99 culverts are 6 additional major bridges of 10.25m width, 5 minor bridges in proposed for construction.
Additional Bridges: Clear width 8.75m New Bridge: Clear width 2 x 8.75 with 1.2m median
Pavement Design The most common layer configuration is:- Flexible pavement has been designed for design life of 15 years.
Over the existing carriageway: Bituminous Concrete (BC) :50mm Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) :80mm
New/Reconstruction: Bituminous Concrete (BC) :50mm Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) :80mm Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) :250mm Granular Sub-base (GSB) :300mm management perspective has been carried out as A detailed analysis of alternatives based on the environmental provided in the 'Analaysis of Altemative'section. 2.3.2 UNA-NERCHOWK SECTION
2.3.2.1 Una - Bangana - Basrar Section:
The proposed configuration of this Contract: I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
Typical Rural Section (Two lane) Carriageway 7.00m Shoulder (Granular) : 2 x 1.Om Roadway width :9m
Typical Urban Section (Two lane) Carriageway : 7.00 m Sidewalk/Lined Drain :2 x 1.2m Roadway width : 9.4 m
Bridqes It is proposed to construct 1 major bridge and 9 minor bridges of 8.75 clear width in the entire section. Also about 166 culverts are proposed for construction.
Pavement Desiqn Flexible pavement has been designed for design life of 15 years. The most common layer configuration is:- New/Reconstruction: Bituminous Concrete (BC) :40mm Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) :75mm Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) :250mm Granular Sub-base (GSB) :200mm
2.3.2.2 Barsar - Bhota - Jahu Section:
The proposed configuration of the project:
Typical Rural Section (Two lane) Carriageway : 7.00m Shoulder (Granular) : 2 x 1.Om Roadway width : 9m
Typical Urban Section (Two lane) Carriageway : 7.00 m Sidewalk/Lined Drain :2 x 1.2m Roadway width : 9.4m
Bride It is proposed to construct 4 major and 2 minor bridges with clear width 8.75m in the entire section. Also about culverts are proposed for construction. 106
Pavement Design Flexible pavement has been designed for design life of 15 years. The most common layer configuration is:- New/Reconstruction: Bituminous Concrete (BC) :40mm Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) :60mm Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) :250mm Granular Sub-base (GSB) :200mm E.I for 3 Roads starting from Una town f limachal State Roads Project
2.3.2.3 Jahu - Kalkhar - Nerchowk Section:
The proposed configuration of the project:
Typical Rural Section (Two lane) Carriageway : 7.00m Shoulder (Granular) :2 x 1.Om Roadway width : 9m
Typical Urban Section (Two lane) Carriageway : 7.00 m Sidewalk/Lined Drain : 2 x 1.2m Roadway width : 9.4m
Bridges the entire section. Also about 101 culverts are It is proposed to construct 2 minor bridges with clear width 8.75m in proposed for construction.
Pavement Design most common layer configuration is:- Flexible pavement has been designed for design life of 15 years. The
New/Reconstruction: Bituminous Concrete (BC) :40mm Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM) :60mm Wet Mix Macadam (WMM) :250mm Granular Sub-base (GSB) :200mm
2.4 DESIGN SPEED HP are hill roads. In comparison to roads in plain Except the Mehatpur-Una-Amb section, all project roads in the less efficient to serve the purpose of transport. areas, hill roads by nature and location are highly meandering and for longer journeys and interstate travel at greater Unlike National highways which provides communication corridor level between towns, tourist places, pilgrimage speed, the State highways are meant for the connectivity at the State sections have been planned to match with the centres and market centres. Therefore the design speed of these road network. requirements, not meant to compete with the National Highways section is Design speed in kilometre per hour (kph) for the Una-Mehatpur-Amb * Rural areas: 80 * Urban/Built up areas: 50 section is Design speed in Kilometre per hour (kph) for the Una-Nerchowk road * Plain to rolling : 50-65 * Mountainous:30-40 * Steep: 20-30 2.5 DEFINITION OF TERMS USED IN THE PROJECT 2 where in all aspects of the hill roads are With regards to the Definitions, IRC hill road manual is a good reference principles. provided including a brief idea of the environmental management
2 IRC I Till road manual I limachal Statc Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Ulna town
Project Influenced Area (PIA): Ten kms on either side (20 km corridor) in the plane area according to the Guide lines of MOEF (see Chapter 3). Since the GOI has only one definition for all landforms through out India, the same terminology is being used in all cases without any discretion. In reality the PIA should have been the ridge line (water divide) to ridge line on both sides. This distance is generally within five kms from the centre line of the project road. However for some parameters this is not sufficient and hence much bigger areas like the district (transport accessibility by air, road or rail) in certain cases and the State (population, literacy etc) as a whole in cases were considered. certain other Project Influenced District (PID): In general the district through which the road passes Corridor of impact (COI): as defined by the R & R policy of HP. It is the area/zone where in the construction work takes place. Width of corridor required for the construction of road, service lane, drain, footpath, access, tree plantation and for safety zone. The corridor of impact for the project a) in open and built-up areas it would be 13 meters in hilly terrain & 15 meters in rolling terrain, however in built-up areas where it is not possible it would be nine meters in hilly terrain & 10 meters in rolling terrain. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): For convenience and a clear understanding, in this project the relationship of EMP to EIA is taken as EIA=EA+EMP. In this case both EA and EMP are two separately bound volumes. Volume two will be prepared and submiited later by December 30th. Package: A package average of 100km of project roads made up of two or more links. Contractors will not take interest to contracts if they are not of sufficient size and profitability to merit attention. Packages were formulated for the purpose of creating attractive construction contracts to larger National and International contractors. A Contractor may bid for more than one Contract.
Right of Way (ROW): Is the actual Government land available with PWD as road reserve. The right of way is the land area legally available to the State PWD. Actual right of way can only be established after a physical verification adjoining properties. The of all ROW is sometimes encroached upon both sides. This aspect has the RAP. been covered in detail in
Realignment Realignment usually refers to an increase in the horizontal curve radius but may be generally applied to any change in the vertical or horizontal alignment of a road. Private trees: These are trees situated in the private properties within the required corridor, which will have compensated for in monitory to be terms according to the RAP. This is also to be compensated in of the Project. the tree planting scheme
Public trees and avenue trees: Public trees are those trees that are located within the available corridor These trees are located of PWD. in the Government land (Revenue land, PWD land and so on) Platform trees: Public trees for which a platform has been constructed around the tree because This could of several reasons. be religious ,or for shade or for some community use for other reasons. Impact Corridor (IC): The environmental strip plan has considered approximately 20 metres on either side immediate project impact area. as the
Bypasses: A bypass is the term usually applied to a road, which provides an alternate route around urban area. This normally a congested helps to divert through traffic away from using the urban centre. Deep valleys and steep hills- This is a relative term depending on the location of the project road on the top, middle or on the bottom of the hill slope. For example the 'deep valley' applies to all situation where in the project road is located on the top of hill provided the valley is really deep. Steep hill comes when the project road is located along the lowest contours of the hill slope provided the hill is highly elevated above mean sea level. In case of the road in the middle of the hill slope neither of the term can be used. Defnition of the forestry related terminologies are ElIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project
Term Definition of Forest reserves Forest General term used to indicate all categories divided into two types, viz, DPF and UPF. In Protected Forest In the case of Protected Forests it has been are allowed except what is not listed. In (PF) the case of Protected Forests all activities listed the case of PF all activities listed are allowed except what is not listed. complete. Legally protected Demarcated PF Demarcation of all legal verification has been Legally protected Un Demarcated PF Demarcation of all legal verification not complete. settlement of rights has been Forest The reserved forests are those forests where all Reserved is prohibited in completed. The Reserve Forests are always notified and every thing forest category these forests except what is listed in the notification. Most protected in the country. Legally most protected Wildlife Sanctuaries These are declared sensitive natural habitats category of wildlife areas the most important ecosystems of the National parks These are preserved and conserved as country. Legally highest protected category of Forest Ecosystems With or without any legal disputes Private forests Natural forest areas under private ownership. in to any category. Generally Forests These forest areas (Government land) not classified Unclassified rocky areas. without any trees. Not protected at all it could be with shrubs or barren and protected by Military and municipal Others(like These are forest areas raised, conserved but protected cantonment and authorities. No major ecological significance municipal forests) the entire food chain are dynamic and Eco-sensitive - Eco-systems that are active ecosystems with and probable negative impacts during Means Ecologically active. Eco-sensitive due to the possible out of the infrastructure project that will Sensitive construction and operational stages arising be implemented in the vicinity
2.6 THE IMPROVEMENT PROPOSALS road length has drainage and valley side safety Less than 10% of the State roads are double-laned, only 50% of the different levels of improvemenV upgradation measures. Depending on the present condition of the selected roads, works will mainly consist of measures will be required for different road stretches. The improvement • Raising the formation level where ever required * Upgrading/ improving road geometrics single-lane widths * Widening to two-lane/ four lane from existing double lane/intermediate-lane/ * Pavement strengthening, and * Improving cross drainage * Construction of viaducts walls and or bio engineering techniques * Stabilization of the hill slope as far as possible by breast walls, retaining alignments or realignments, or provision for drains, * Road stretches crossing urban areas may also require alternative new sidewalks and parking along existing road. * Construction of bridges and their approach roads • River training works * Pedestrian Guard rails and safety barriers Flimachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town
Replacement of culverts and construction of new culverts: The replacement/ rehabilitating of culverts will accommodate two full lanes for the full formation width. Bypass.
A bypass by definition at Bota town has been considered under the project. The road and the alignment already exists as PMGSY road. Therefore there may not be any major land acquisition for this aligment also. Realignment
A total of 2.83 kms of realignments have been considered inthe Una Nerchowk project road to improve Exhibit 2.3). safety (Refer
EXHIBIT 2.4 REALIGNMENT LOCATIONS ALONG MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB ROAD.
1 13.1 13.26 0.16 2 19.58 19.9 0.32 3 22.8 23.2 0.4 4 24.83 25.48 0.65 5 28.61 28.9 0.29 6 31 31.5 0.5 7 32.8 33.2 0.4 8 38.58 38.82 0.24 9 39.3 39.6 0.3 10 44.9 45.03 0.13 11 45.5 46.05 0.55 12 46.63 46.78 0.15 Total (km) 4.09
EXHBIT 2.3: REALIGNMENT LOCATIONS ALONG UNA-NERCHOWK ROAD
1 0.76 50.98 0.22 2 5.86 56.1 0.24 3 63 63.3 0.3 4 65.75 66.1 0.35 5 66.9 67.2 0.3 6 86.02 86.42 0.4 7 86.62 87 0.38 90.14 90.78 0.64
Total (Km) 2.83 EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project
km as provided in the Exhibit 2.4. Most of Total realignment length along the Mehatpur-Una-Amb project road is 4.09 these are approach roads for the new bridges.
Road safety measures, Rain shelters (bus waiting shed) and Parking Area away from junctions and pedestrian Vehicle parking areas may be provided wherever there is a space available in the design. crossings. Wherever possible, the provision of bus lay - bys have been included
Truck bays plant on the left hand side at Chainage Truck bays will also be required at places like Mehatpur near LPG bottling 6.000. This is shown in Plate 2.1. Plate-2.1 LPG truck parking at Mehatpur km 6.7
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Implementation of a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) arrangements including the This is prepared as a separately bound volume. The RAP has elaborate implementation services of NGOs. 2.7 DESIGN CROSS SECTIONS i to Type 14) & 2.19 to 2.31. There are three typical design cross sections as shown in Exhibit 2.5 to 2.18 (Type (Type i to Type 13).These cross sections are f limachal State Roads Project LilA for 3 Roads starting from L'na town
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RLOEECOMPACT ETFSXAG BIFDiMIANSOEF RRGI< TYPE 11 ETA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project 1500 I00 I \30 . SUBGRADE/ COMMOINFIL FILL TP 121 150 5 a -DITCHTYPE16t ,.Wdi) > A-a Ew / f IIWS OFFUMM;GIW z//S LLOOYEN&RECOM IACT E YbRID DfY TYPE 12 MET: BC N INFILL il \SUBUGRAE I 1000 \35500 12L2 5t, 540iC, | C3 -7 &OSIN&RECOJPACT BEFARSIREO BY MASOUFFURRO%4MG / - TYPE 13 limachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from U1 na town TYPE i4 ~ mSr -I 3 1 1 CF EXHIBIT 2.19 To 2.31 UNA AMB CF£RED* | | lil O3MPAC1E=|36WO -A E FDRliNEWEWTCNMMWaXYI *rc1lt4 M AQ:CNThRMWOhLY TYPE 1 1'D3°.1,~ IYP 22 t 1F,1, EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Itlimachal State Roads Project DMM DNU A. = wsum ------ll FcR1SMMNWMTCXJWCtIIRELY TYPE 4 GBM ~~~FR5MNEW flL*|||gl|ENMENTOMMORY 1000 35_ m710 TYPE45 __ _E a f limtachal State Roads Project E1 A for 3 Roads starfing from Una towvn 1000 1500 350 3g 1ft 1000 Carrg Esh - PriSSderPShwodff Eart LOOSENREOM -PACTE3S i . O IND Eo3,o sr e 150 IMNEW EMBIW OlPTCMlUC ~~FOR AREA0NMY Lt/ , TYPE 6 gfi//tF 0 lX l- I 73 1>1 271 s5 1 2v ------arCOMM N - IFlimachal State Roads Project E1IA for 3 Roads starting from Una town GL ammq --- l------1f M ORM ~~~~~~~~~~~...-... i O*WilZI:,,,- irx TYPE 9 15M 73 72 t,F!nN CarS 150112; tO 11!iO-- 15 ...... - 1-~~~~~~~ -11ti -- 1*)l- S F 155. . ~.LZr15 p TYPE I igg as at TYPE1 LT I limachal State Roads Project Fl-A for 3 Roads starting from Una town I 12SD2L 125 -4-1-- -- 1' 1 n~~~~---- ||- ; 2 ------ TYPE 12 KEs, 2.8 DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR FEATURES Major features of the project improvements are as follows. 2.8.1 ROAD WIDENING AND IMPROVEMENTS Road widening and improvement activities will be carried out for all road sections considered in this report. In the hilly sections widening is generally towards the hill ward side as it will be too expensive to go for the half viaducts. bridge and For other sections urban areas are selected for fourlaning with sealed shoulders and earthen shoulder possible. where ever 2.8.2 CONSTRUCTION AND REPLACEMENT OF BRIDGES AND CULVERTS As described in the section 2.3, large number of bridges and culverts need to be replaced or to be repaired. A detailed analaysis have been provided in the analysis of alternatives. 2.8.3 TREE REMOVAL AND TREE PLANTING The project incorporates a tree - planting plan in which trees lost due to widening and other construction activities in the project roads will be replaced at a rate of two to one according to the provision of the Indian Forest Act 1980. Total number of existing trees along the Una -Amb is 3259 Nos. Total number of trees along the Una 3679.Nos. - Nerchowk is 2.8.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) A separately bound environmental management plan is part of the EIA document. This is a fixed format in tune to the requirement of the contractors for all project roads in Phase I Batch 1 & 2 for road widening. The Environmental Management plan also addresses the following items in relation to the contractor's activities during construction. These typically include; * Debris disposal during construction- there would be considerable excess material while widening the project road. This need proper disposal sites. Widening towards the hill wardside will generate huge quantity of earth materials. * Water for construction - This would be an important constrain during construction. * Bio-diversity management plan EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town f limachal State Roads Project and also for the * Water supply- Refers to water supply requirements at construction camps, construction, lost drinking water resources during resettlement and rehabilitation. sites etc. * Power plants- Refers to power required at camps, plants and at the construction for constriction of camps, * Raw materials- Raw materials sand, wood, cement, rock, bricks etc are required plants etc labourers etc. * Construction camps - This include camps for managers, engineers, technicians, * Housing- This refers to all housing requirement at plant sites, camps etc. * Quarries- Refers to quarries for the construction works areas etc. * Blasting - Refers to any blasting requirement at quarries, approach roads, borrow * Access roads - required at camps, plant sites, borrow areas and quarry areas * Hazardous materials - require at plant sites, quarries etc at construction zones, * Waste (all kind of solid and liquid wastes) generated- wastes will be generated construction/labour camps, plant sites etc. of the document. Relevance of these items is discussed at the appropriate sections in the remainder 2.8.5 RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) are dealt separately in an The social impacts especially the direct social impacts involving land acquisition acquisition process transparent and independently bound Resettlement Action Plan. In order to make the land easier, the State Government formulated a separate resettlement policy in the year 2005. 2.8.6 OTHER FEATURES Other features for these corridors are as follows: hospitals. * Provision of pedestrian facilities and road shoulders especially near School and * Improvement to existing Parking facilities * Other environmental enhancement actions. 2.9 COST ESTIMATES FOR THE PROJECT road widening, realignment, and The cost estimates were prepared following the analysis of several alternatives of provided in exhibit 2.32 are based pavement composition and included in the project feasibility study. The estimates on the development costs for various construction items including: * Typical road components; Quantities of road components for various alternatives; * Land acquisition, Resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) costs, Environmental mitigation and enhancement costs, Contingencies including utility relocation costs, * Engineering supervision and administration costs. RUPEES EXHIBIT 2.4 BREAK UP OF PROJECT COST IN MILLION INDIAN CONSTRUCTION LAND ENVIRONMENTAL (IR:MLLO) oUISrrnON - MMGATION COST PROJECT ROADS Pa (INR: MILLON) (INR: miLLION) a Z (INR: MILLION) 13.25 Mehatpur-Una 448.42 1325.14 150.00 Una-Amb 767.60 __ _ _5_ _ _ __I 19.53 Una-Nerchowk 2428.40 1953.97 75.00 (July 2006: -ote: NEnNironment .\itigation cost includes tree planting cost also.) 2.10 CONTRACT PACKAGES purposes. The different contract packages are as shown in exhibit 2.33. This was prepared for contracting I limachal State Roads Project El \ for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 2.5: CONTRACT PACKAGING OF THE PROJECT ROAD CONSIDERED IN THIS EIA Project road Total length (km) Contract No Mehatpur-Una-Amb 45.00 PW.SRP/RDIC/HP/1 Una - Bangana-Barsar 45.00 PW.SRP/RIDC/HP/2 Barsar-Bhota-Jahu 45.00 PW.SRP/RIDC/HP/3 Jahu-Kalkhar 18.00 PW.SRP/RIDC/HP/4 Kalkhar-Nerchowk 12.00 ICB Contract 2.11 CONSTRUCTION SCHEDULING Construction scheduling will be prepared as a part of the construction management. Details are as provided in the exhbit 2.33 and in Enviromental Management Plan. 2.12 OTHER TRANSPORT PROJECTS IN THE PIA Except few PMGSY roads near villages, no other roads are taken up in the vicinity, there are no other transport projects in the vicinity of the road. Bota bypass considered in the project is a PMGSY road. Some of the boards information indicate that PWD has spent considerable CRF fund for this project also. . ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project WORK 3 APPLICABLE LEGAL, POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAME 3.1 APPLICABLE REGULATIONS relevant details are provided in the A list of all applicable GOI regulations are provided in the exhibit 3.1. Most following paragraphs. EXHIBIT 3.1: SUMMARY OF APPLICABLE REGULATIONS FOR GO Y0 OJCTV REASON APPLICABLE APPLICABILITY POLICIES & REGULATIONS YEAR OBJECTIVE Environment in Environmental (protection) Act 1986 To protect and improve overall environment general impact Direct Environment Impact Assessment 2002 Requirement of Environmental (EIA) notification: 1994 Assessment for a more Direct Environmental Impact 2006 Re-engineered EIA notification Assessment Notification effective Environmental clearance process Air (prevention and control of 1974 To control air pollution by controlling to Air pollution pollution) Act emission and air pollutants according prescribed standards Water (Prevention and Control of 1974 To control water pollution by controlling per the Water pollution Pollution) Act and Cess Act of emission &Water pollutants as 1977 prescribed standards Forests Indian Forest act 1980 Protection of forests Wildlife The Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 Protection Wild Life Historical Archaeological Ancient Monuments and 1958 Conservation of Cultural and remains Archaeological sites & Remains remains found in India Act of land by Land acquisition The Land Acquisition Act 1894 & Set out rule for acquisition 1989 Government. controls Control of Noise Noise Pollution (Regulation and 2001 Noise pollution regulation and pollution Control) rules 2000 and Health and safety Public liability insurance Act 1991 Assessment of hazardous materials accident hazards or collection Biological Diversity Act 1972 disclosure of species survey activities to the National Biodiversity Biodiversity Authority. such Global International Environmental International environmental issues environmental regulations in which India is a as emission of green house gases issues signatory 3.1.1 ENVIRONMENT The Environment (protection) Act, 1986: environmental angle. All environmental This triggers an unbiased examination of all infrastructure projects from the materials and substances that has regulations were introduced under this Act. EIA document examines processes, assesses if relevant standards will be the potential to cause environmental degradation and or pollution. The EA The EA identifies Central and breached, and confirms that relevant procedures and safeguards will be followed. or discharge of environmental State Government standards set for the quality of the environment; emission and relevant restricted development pollutants; procedures and safeguards for handling hazardous substances; 1limachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una towtn areas. Document includes procedures and safeguards for the prevention of accidents, which may cause environmental pollution and remedial measures for such pollution. The EA identifies mechanisms to notify the relevant authority in the event of a discharge of pollution exceeding the standards set. Applicability Applicable as the law extends to the whole of Indian Territory as an umbrella Act to protect and to preserve/conserve environment. This act is intended to provide protection and improvement of environment and sustainable development. 3.1.2 EIA DOCUMENTATION & CLEARANCES (1)The Environmental Impact Assessment Notification 1994/July 2002 This notification from MOEF will be triggered if the project is listed in schedule 1 (Item 21 & 22) of the Notification (includes 'Highway Projects' (and 'Tarred Roads in Himalayan and/or Forest Area') or if the project occurs in a restricted area. Such projects require environmental clearance from MOEF in accordance with the procedures specified in the notification. If environmental clearance is required, public hearing will be conducted in each district where the Project works will be carried out. The requirement of MOEF clearance would be known only if a proper study supported by through ground surveys has been undertaken. Therefore a minimum level of environmental study and documentation is a requirement for all projects to fix the scoping of further EA studies required. In the case of Item 22, EIA notification would be applicable to projects involving construction of tarred roads in Himachal Pradesh exceeding a length of 5kms. Other than long bypasses if any, this is not applicable to any roads as this is a road improvement project and no new roads would be constructed. The only bypass considered at Bhota in this project is also not a new road as it is already a rural road constructed under PMGSY. (a) April 10. 1997 MOEF Gazette Notification on EIA for Road Improvement Projects. According to this notification road improvement projects are generally exempt from the environmental clearance. This exemption is for "Highway Projects except projects relating to improvement work including widening and strengthening of roads with marginal land acquisition along the existing alignments provided it does not pass through ecologically sensitive areas such as National Parks, Sanctuaries, Tiger reserve, Reserve forests". Accordingly, an EIA addressing specific actions and, circumstances within the corridor must be prepared, and approvals received. v' No environmental clearance required for small scale widening projects V No exemption for widening of legally defined ecologically sensitive corridors V Environmental clearance necessary for all road projects requiring substantial land acquisition However the state level clearance will be sought from the State Pollution Control Board. After the Project receives Forest Department and SPCB 'No Objection Certificate' (NOC), the proposal if necessary can proceed to MOEF for review and action on the advise of PCB. (b)October 15,1999 MOEF Circular On Marginal Land Acquisition And Bypasses. According to the provision of EIA Notification of January 27, 1994 and as amended on April 10, 1997, environment clearance is required for highway projects except projects relating to improvement work including widening and strengthening of roads with marginal land acquisition along the existing alignments provided they do not pass through ecologically sensitive areas such as national parks, sanctuaries, tiger reserves, reserve forests etc. It is clarified that marginal land acquisition means land acquisition not exceeding a total width of 20 metres on either side of the existing alignment put together. Further, it is also clarified that bypasses would be treated as stand-alone projects and would require environmental clearance, only if the costs of the projects exceed Rs. 100 crores (MOEF, June 2002) each. 3 Roads starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project EIA for Applicability and no major land Since there is no legally defined eco-sensitive areas, no new roads (more than 5km length) acquisition and no MOEF clearance would be required for this project. (I1)September 14. 2006 EIA notification on environmental clearance A and Category B. According to this, latest gazette notification, there are two categories of projects via, category Appraisal Committee or Category A will be cleared by the Ministry of Environment and forests at central level (Expert Environmental Impact EAC constituted by MOEF)) and the category B project will be cleared by the State authority constituted in Assessment authority (SEIAA) constituted by MOEF at State level. If there is no State level all projects under State HP, all categories of projects in HP State would be dealt at central level. According to this, Public hearing in roads would be requiring State level clearances. As earlier, the category A projects would require all PIA districts. to notified eco- With regards to the eco-sensitive roads, the notification specifically mentioned that it is applicable if it passes through sensitive areas only.. This means that even if the project comes under Category B projects, notified eco-sensitive areas then it will have to under go GOI-MOEF clearance at central level. level. While the So far PCBs were instrumental in facilitating environmental clearances both at State and central SEIAA constituted by responsibility of public hearing is still with PCB, the EC at State level will be taken over by the MOEF at State level. Applicability the latest notification Project can not be classified as either category A or B due to the clear statements in Forest cases which was superseding all previous notifications. Due to the ambiguity regarding the Reserved classified as non - considered legally ecologically sensitive in the previous notification has all of a sudden changes in the ecosensitive due to in known reasons. Since a paper notification cannot make any physical as an ambiguity. ecosystems such as Reserved Forests and natural forest ecosystems of HP, these remains for a project of this Therefore the notification is not at all relevant and applicable for the State of Himachal Pradesh also removed the cost magnitude (more than INR12000 million) with international funding. This notification has provision of INR 1000 million for stand alone projects such as bypass. the project in January Based on the above facts, State Pollution Control Board of Himachal Pradesh has cleared 2007 at State level ( Appendix 3.1). FOREST LAND ACQUISITION AND CLEARANCES Forest (Conservation) Act 1980. over 20 hectares of Under this law, PWD must obtain administrative approval from the Forest Department to clear Act, the entire linear designated forestland and in 1986 when the MOEF enacted the Environmental Protection According to this stretches of road side plantations along the State highways were declared as protected forests. of Central, Regional although the land is under the control of State Government, due to its protected Status, approval or State Government for using the land for widening and rehabilitation must be granted. and was also given the At the State level, Government was empowered to declare reserves and protected forest Court judgement authority to acquire land for extension and preservation of forests. In December 1996, a Supreme cleared, clearances are further defined the types of forests to be protected. Depending on the size of the tract to be required from the following levels of Government. * If the forest exceeds 20 hectares then prior permission of Central Government is required. * If the forest is between 5 to 20 hectares the regional Office of Chief conservator is empowered; * If the forest is below or equal to five hectares the State Government may give permission; and, I limachal State Roads 1roject EllA for 3 Roads starting from Una toxvn * If the construction area is more than 40 % forest, permission to undertake any work is required from the Central Government, irrespective of the size of the area. Applicability of Forest conservation Act to Roadside strip Plantations The February 18, 1998 MOEF circular on linear plantations on roadsides, Canal and railway lines modified the applicability of provisions of Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 to linear plantations. The new modification recognises that the spirit behind the Forest (Conservation) Act was conservation of natural forests and not strip plantations. In the case of the "notified to be protected" roadside plantations, the clearance may be given by the concerned regional office of the MOEF, irrespective of the area of plantation lost. While issuing the approval, in place of normal provisions for compensatory afforestation, the regional offices will stipulate a condition that for every tree removed at least two trees should be planted. If the concerned regional office does not issue the decision within thirty days of the receipt of fully completed application, the project proponent may proceed with widening/expansion under intimation to the State Forest Department, and the MOEF. The project road Mehatpur-Una-Amb there is considerable avenue plantation along the road sides. These are under the declared protected category. (Refer Box 3.1). Applicability V Forest clearance will be required since there would be a requirement of forest land for widening of the project. Forest clearance would be required for the protected linear plantation along the MehatpurLUna-Amb road BIODIVERSITY Biological Diversity Act, 2000 This act prevents persons undertaking biodiversity related activities without approval from the National Biodiversity Authority. It extends to the whole of India, and approval is required from the National Biodiversity Authority. There are particular restrictions if the Project involves the participation of non-Indian persons. The EA assesses if any biological resource is required for the Project (plants, animals and micro organisms or parts thereof). EA assesses if bio-survey or bio-utilisation is needed for the Project (surveyor collection of species, etc for any purpose). EA document outlines measure to avoid or minimize effects on biodiversity. Applicability Since the biodiversity conservation is an issue in the project a Biodiversity impacts Assessment will be required. Human- wildlife conflict and human -forest sector conflict, highways sector/Forestry sector conflict etc are prevailing issues in the State. INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991. The purpose of this act is to provide public insurance liability for the purpose or providing immediate relief to the persons affected by accident occurring while handling any hazardous substances. The EA confirms that appropriate insurance policy will be taken out. EA identifies hazardous materials associated with the project. The EA document identifies the major accident hazards. Document describes steps to prevent accident hazards and to limit their consequences to the environment. The EA indicates commitment to provide information, training and equipment to ensure workers safety. EA describes mechanisms to notify the concerned authority in the event occurs. a major accident ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project Applicability are under very unsafe V Since most of the works in the steep hills and deep valleys condition, EA ensures public liability insurance for all workers during construction phase. AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) rules 2000. pollution on the human well-being, As a result of considering the deleterious and psychological effects of the noise 14, 2000. According to the MOEF has drawn up the above rules, which have come to force with effect from February 'Authority' in the event that the provisions of the rules notified a person might make a complaint to the designated as compared to the prescribed actual noise levels exceed the ambient noise standards by 10dB(A) or more with the provisions of these standards. The designated authority will take action against the violator in accordance rules or other law in force. Applicability the project V EA identifies all 'industrial', 'commercial', 'residential' and 'silent' zones within study area. area exceeded the V EA assesses if the levels of noise generated by the project in any ambient air quality standards in respect of noise as specified in the Schedule of the Rules. ambient air • EA describes noise pollution control measures to achieve compliance with the quality standards in respect of noise. AMBIENT AIR QAULITY The Air (Prevention and control of Pollution) Act,1981 by air polluting activity in an This Act provides for the prevention, control and abatement of air pollution. It is triggered exceed the standards set by the air pollution control area or when emissions of any air pollutant into the atmosphere Central and State Boards. Applicability / EA identifies air pollution control areas. project. • Document identifies all air polluting activities and sources associated with the V EA confirms that consent will be obtained for air pollution control area. operation of industrial V Environmental report describes mechanisms requested for the equipment and to notify the State Board of an unforeseen release of air pollutants in air exceeding the standards. Remedial measures proposed to mitigate air pollution pollution control areas are described. 3.1.3 APPLICABLE NATIONAL POLICIES of natural resources and other There are 10 National policies to address various issues relating to the exploitation in exhibit 3.2. environmental issues. The applicability rating is direct and indirect as provided APPLICABLE TO THE HIGHWAYS EXHIBIT 3. 2: ANALYSES THE VARIOUS NATIONAL POLICIES SECTOR. Applicability Applicable GOI Year Objective ______Acts ______Direct National Environmental Policy 2006 Sustainable Development of water Direct National Water Policy 2002 Conservation and management resources control and Direct Policy Statement on Abatement of 1992 National Policy on the Pollution I limachal State R{oads Projcct Fl \ for 3 Roads starting from Unta town Applicable GOI Year Objective Appicability Acts______Pollution, prevention National Conservation Strategy 1992- Strategy for development taking environmental and Policy Statement on concerns into account in our development Direct Environment And Development process National Forest Policy 1998 Conservation and management of forests, Direct wildlife sanctuaries etc National Rehabilitation and 2003 All social issues relating to land acquisition Direct Resettlement Policy resettlement and rehabilitation _ National _ _ _ River Conservation Plan 2001 For the conservation management of issues Indirect (NRCP) relating to rivers National Lake Conservation Plan For the conservation management of issues Indirect relating to Lakes - Wildlife Conservation Strategy, 2002 For the conservation management of issues Direct relating to Wildlife National Wildlife Action Plan 1982 Addresses the need of conserving the nations Direct biodiversity and emphasizes requirements of evolving prescriptions for management of multiple use areas which provide for wildlife habitat needs and forest products 3.1.4 APPLICABLE NATIONAL GUIDELINES The relevant sections of the guidelines shown in exhibit 3.3 have been considered for the highways sector. EXHIBIT 3.3 APPLICABLE GUIDELINES IN HIGHWAYS SECTOR SI Guide line Year Purpose Applicability No 1 Environmental guidelines (MOEF) for 1989 To guide the preparation of Direct rail/road/highway projects for the preparation of EIA/EMP reports EIA report on Highways sector. 2 General guidelines (MOEF) as provided by the 1994 For the investors Direct hand book of environmental procedures and Guide lines 3 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) 1998 For the environmental Direct Manual appraisal committee (EAC) members and consultants 4 Guidelines for the collection of Net Present 2003 For the Forest land acquired Direct Value (NPV) for the recovery/collection of Net under Forest Conservation Act, Present value of the forest land being diverted 1980. for non forestry purpose I _ I__ 3.1.5 APPLICABLE INDIAN ROAD CONGRESS (IRC) CODES Thirteen IRC codes and guidelines (exhibit 3.4) have been segregated that have a direct role in the Environmental Management during design and construction stages. Indeed most of them were formulated without a proper environmental mangement backing, therefore a revison of these documents incorporating the environmental and social dimension would make these codes more sensible with double (Engineering and environmental) applicability i.e, both engineering as well as environmental management requirements. Roads starting from Una town Hlimachal State Roads Project ElIA for 3 MANAGEMENT EXHIBIT 3.4: APPLICABLE IRC CODES RELEVANT TO HIGHWAYS ENVIRONMENTAL MlM 81. RC code Theme Yur Purp- Appl biliiyft NoC to include 1 Recommended practice for borrow IRC: 10 1961 Issues relating to Direct (need pits for Rural road embankments Borrow pits EMP and revise) constructed by manual operations Consider 2 Recommendations for road IRC: 34-1970 Construction in water Indirect. aspect and construction in water logged areas logged areas Ecological revise 3 Road accident forms A-1 (first edition) IRC: 53-1982 Road safety FIR Old document forms (completely out dated) 4 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities IRC: 103 -1988 Safety of pedestrians DirecVOld revisions to 5 Guidelines for EIA of Highway IRC:104-11988 EIA guide lines Direct (need etc) projects include EMP/BOQ 6 Ribbon developments on highways IRC: SP: 1996 Control by various DirecUold and its prevention measures that includes Legislation old 7 Manual on Landscaping of road IRC: SP: 21- Landscaping of road In direct (very 1979 document) 8 Report containing recommendations IRC: SP: 27- Highway safety Direct of IRC Regional workshops on 1984 - highway safety 9 Road safety for Children (5-12 years IRC: SP: 32- Highway safety for Direct old) 1988 Children's 10 Guidelines on road drainage IRC: SP: 42- Drainage Direct 1994 - 11 Highway safety code IRC: SP: 44- Highways safety Direct 1994 12 Guidelines for safety in construction IRC: SP: 55- Safety during Direct zones 2001 construction 13 Hill road manual IRC: SP: 48- Hill road Direct I1988 3.1.6 APPLICABLE CONTRACT PROVISIONS and The construction companies generally neglect environmental management provisions of MORTH specifications environmental FIDIC conditions of Contract. The MORTH Specifications (not FIDIC) and the provisions of management in Indian systems are provided in exhibit 3.5. and Highways The Fourth Edition of Specifications for roads and bridge works of Ministry of Road Transport contracts. published by the Indian Road Congress is the basic document to be followed in the road construction CONTRACTORS EXHIBIT 3.5: MORTH SPECIFICATIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR Clauses Environmental Management aspects to all laws 111 Precautions for safeguarding the environment with 12 sub clauses that cover issues relating pollution Environment of the country, Borrow pits, quarry operations, soil erosion, sedimentation and water pollution, from hot mix plants and batching plants, substances hazards to health, dust, clean orderly work site, traffic ability of the road. clauses. This is 112 Arrangement for traffic during construction addresses the safety aspects with its six sub traffic further improved by another IRC special publication for 'safety during construction ' 2000 management and I limnachal Statc Roads Project El \ for 3 Roads starting from Una town Clause Environmnentl ManagemeTt aspects safety 301.3.2 Relates to Top soil management Top soil 301.3.11 Disposal of excavated materials 302 Blasting operations 304.3.6 Public safety 305.2.2.2 Borrow materials 305.3.7 Drainage 306 Soil erosion and sedimentation control 307 Turfing with sods 308 Seeding and mulching Annexure A to Protection of environment includes water, air and noise quality control measures. Also included are clause 501 control of wastes and emergency response 2804.10 Personnel and Environment safety 2809.3 Precautions during dismantling work 3.1.7 APPLICABLE CROSS SECTORAL LAWS There are a number of laws that are cutting across all sectors and development process of the country. Some of these are directly relevant especially during the construction stage are listed in the exhibit 3.6. EXHIBIT 3.6: CROSS SECTORAL POLICIES THAT HAS APPLICABILITY IN THE HIGHWAYS SECTOR Applicable GOI Acts Yeir Objective Appicability Minimum wages Act, 1948 Grossly misused Act 1948, most important as far as the poverty ridden local people are concerned. For role of Direct Social welfare department and labour department, a more effective mechanism needs to be developed. Child labour (prohibition and 1986 Grossly misused Act, effective mechanism need to be regulation) Act 1986 established to abolish this from the highways system Direct permanently. Labour Act 1988 The health and safety of workers employed in Direct construction work etc The Factories Act 1948 Health and Safety considerations for workers (Need to Direct extend the provisions to highways) The Right to Information Act 2005 One of the most important Acts, which will strengthen Direct (Very important Umbrella Act) the right to freedom of speech and expression Act. After several years of negligence, Government of India now decided to strictly apply the Child labour Act to all sectors who are exploiting the childrens at their youger age for personal, economic and other benefits. According to this law childrens are for primary education till the age of 14. After 14 up to 18 years, children if employed should not be engaged in the Hazardous working conditions. The Right to Information Act, 2005, is an umbrella act that covers the entire constitutional laws and polcies and procedures pertianing to the country and its governance. 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE STATE Exhibit 3.7 provides the specific laws and policies that are formulated by the State government for achieving certain level of sustainability in the human actions. E1TA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Project EXHIBIT 3.7 : ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE STATE Applicbl 001 ACt Year O*ctve1 Appilebflty Direct State Environmental Policy 2005 Sustainable development of the State Direct State forest Policy 1980 Protection and preservation of forest and wildlife Direct Himachal Pradesh land 1978 Control on the private forests with ten year felling cycle Preservation Act The Himachal Pradesh minor 1971 Relating application for mining lease, its procedures Direst minerals (concession) revised authorities and application forms. rules 3.2.1 STATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY in2005 prior to The Himachal is the first State to have its own State Environmental Policy which came in to existence its resolve to the July 2006 National Environmental policy. By formulating this policy the government of HP expresses be achieved conserve and enhance the environment and follow a policy of sustainable development. This cannot local bodies and without a whole hearted cooperation of all departments (that includes State PWD also) ,institutions, the people at large. Relevance: in a manner that The State Public Works Department therefore need to plan and implement the Road projects and above all incorporates all environmental safegurad measures, national policies,rules, codes and regulationas projects. The international best practices for environmental management for the implementation of Infrastructure of buildings and section 2.3 highlights areas of concern that includes highways sector as nol ( including construction dams). 3.2.2 HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE FOREST POLICY Forest Policy. In 1980, the State Government has enunciated it's own Forest Policy within the frame work of National contained are said This was to meet the peculiar forest situation in the State (Refer box 3.1). The policy guide lines to be still valid and cover almost all aspects of forestry inthe State. Box 3.1 Peculiar Forest situation inThe State legal status of Most of the land in this Himalayan State of Himachal Pradesh belongs to Forest reserves. Even now in the State many project roads are reported to be legally rests with the forest department. There are no roads Only the without any forest related issues. Widening and improvement always involved Forest land acquisition. to be free from magnitude of forest land and related impacts varies. For example Mehatpur-Una-Amb is believed (blue bull), Forest related issues has several issues including 0.1 Ha of Forest land acquisition, Wildlife crossings grass lands nesting places, mud holes and so on. Places like Theog where it appears to be barren or rocky with bird private part of the legal forest reserves. With very low population density, there are numerous areas under are also even forest with forestry related legal hurdles. The private forests are also rich in flora and fauna accommodating threatened flora and faunal species. spotted in most Similarly fauna related issues are also universally applicable to the entire State. Wildlife is areas like Ghumarwin urban vicinity. The various studies and surveys and investigation point to the fact unexpected and the that the entire food chains of the vibrant natural forest ecosystems are active with numerous small animals carnivores like Leopards on the top of food Chain (refers to food Pyramid). Relevance: Forest policy Since forest and related issues are one of the few most important issues of the project implementation is directly relevant. I limachal State Roads Project F,\ for 3 Roads starting from Utna town 3.2.3 HIMACHAL PRADESH (HP) STATE FOREST DEPARTMENT Although the PWD is managing the PWD Right of Way (ROW), removal of trees from the PWD land need written permission from the Forest Department. The State Forest Department has been involved in the project preparation by way of consultation. To avoid delays, application will be forwarded to concerned Forest Officer for an early approval for tree removal. During construction, trees will be cut and removed that are necessary based on safety requirements. The trees that will have to be removed will be marked prior to cutting. This is required, as there could be slight changes in the alignment or design because of the Contractors difficulties (e.g. for moving equipment). If such changes do occur a number of trees may be saved that would have been cut otherwise. Immediately after marking the trees, an application in plain paper (no prescribed application is available) will be filled with the local forest officer for obtaining a written permission. Relevance: Mehatpur - Una - Amb road has considerable avenue plantation. These are declared protected forests. Removal of these trees need permision from the forest department. Una-Nerchowk section requires Forest land for widening and for improvement of curves. These forests are Protected forests and therefore require permission from the State/National Government as applicable. Further the following forest laws are directly applicable to road projects. While India Forest Act of 1927 remains an all prevasive Act for the constitution, management and protection of forests, various other laws,acts,and rules enacted by theSstate government are to take care of the local needs. Those relevent are the following: V Wild life protection Act 1972 as amended on 1990. Details provided in the next section. / Himachal Pradesh Land preservation act,1978 / Forest conservation act 1970 as amended in 1911 Proceedure: Forest clearance for forest land acqustion now requires a payment to the Forest department according to the Hon'ble Supreme Court Order---.dated October 30, 2002 and August 1, 2003 in l.A. No 56 in writ petition (civil) No 202 of 1995 in the matter of compensatory afforestation Fund regarding collection of Net Present value (NPV) from the user agencies. Latter MOEF as per letter NO F.No.5-1/98-FC (Ptll) dated September 17, 2003 and September 22, 2003 issued guidelines to all offices of the Forest departments for implementation. The ministry ordered all the States /UTs to comply with the Hon'ble courts and complete the collection process of NPV for the cases approved under the Forest conservation Act, 1980. Applicability V The Net present Value (NPV) of forestland needs to be paid to the Forest department for the Forestland requirement for the infrastructure projects. 3.2.4 HP STATE POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (HPSPCB) The State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) plays a major role in environmental management at the State level, particularly with regard to air and water issues. Agency is also acting as a facilitator for Central and State environmental clearance process. The main functions are to: * Plan and execute State-level air and water initiatives; * Advise State Government on air, water and industry issues; * Establish emission standards based on National minimum standards; * Issue consent orders (permits) for industrial air and water discharges; * Issue 'No Objection Certificates" for "industrial development" (defined in such a way as to include road projects). * Publish statistics and disseminate information; and * Take legal action against defaulters. starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Project ELA for 3 Roads all other Facilitate the National Environmental clearance requirements at the State Level as a nodal agency coordinating stake holder institutions. These requirements also include public hearing. Applicability under The project considered in this report does not require public hearing and environmental clearance National law. the Water Action by the HP State PCB requires the submission of a questionnaire/application pursuant to of (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act of 1974, the Cess Act of 1977 and Air (Prevention and Control Pollution) Act of 1981. 3.2.5 STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT hearing and According to the April 10, 1997 MOEF notification on public hearings STEC will be involved in the public road projects. subsequent State level environmental approval associated with GOI environmental approvals for new this project will Since the project does not require public hearing and environmental clearance, their involvement in early stages be minimal limiting to stake holder consultations. The EA team has consulted the department in the very of the project. 3.2.6 ARCHAEOLOGY remains in Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites & Remains Act 1958. There are numerous archaeological the State. list of proteted The State Archaealogy comes under the department of language, art and culture. There is a central there are monuments and a State list of protected monuments and other archeologogy and remains. Although archeological remains, no listed monuments are coming within the purveiw of the Act. Neverthless all Archaeological stuctures within the State are inthe control of the State Government. Applicability Since one ancinet monument is involved at Una town, this act is applicable. 3.2.7 INDUSTRIES DEPARTMENT the old The State mining and geology is attached to the industries department. There are quite a lot of restrictions in Himachal part while these restrictions are not applicable to the new Himachal area later added. The new Himahal also include Una district, while Shimla is in old Himachal. The State geologist was consulted. 3.2.8 HIMACHAL PRADESH STATE PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT the HP A designated minister and Secretaries of IAS rank in the State administrative machinery generally manage to the State Public Works Department as in other States. At the down level there is a an Engineer in Chief (EIC) next are Chief secretary. There are Chief Engineers separately for buildings and road sectors. In the road sector, there of Engineer (National Highways) and Chief Engineer (State Roads). The project roads fall under the responsibility the Chief Engineer (State Roads). 3.2.8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT The PWD currently has no formal environmental internal review procedures. with Himachal Pradesh road infrastructure development corporation (HPRIDC); State PWD has established HPRIDC Superintending Engineers, Executive Engineers, Assistant Executive Engineers, Assistant Engineers, Environmental Engineer, Sociologist and Land Development Officer with a support staff for the implementation of the project. organization HPRIDC is a relatively new organization, as per the discussions with HPPWD it is understood that the in exhibit 3.8, structure is still in the process of finalization by GoHP. The tentative Organization structure is furnished the suitable consultants will have regular interaction with HPRIDC through HPPWD and assist in formulating organization structure to have well defined functions, project implementation system, etc. I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town The establishment of HPRIDC will enable the decision making and implementation much faster than the PWD set up. The proposed implementaion arrangements will be discussed inthe Environmental Management plan. EXHIBIT 3.8: ORGANISATION STRUCTURE OF HPRIDC Organization Structure of Himachal Pradesh Road Infrastructure DeveloPment Corporation CHAIRMAN P ce eManagilng DI actor M... >l| og. (Flnano) to the Tnport) h ) to tho (Fost) Got o the o the HPPVVE I of HP tfHP Got oHP GooHP Chie f t eHP H- -- - Project Diroctor 3.3 WORLD BANK ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS The various environmental requirements of World Bank, GOI for the Part A of phase 1 Package 1 project roads are described below. 3.3.1 APPLICABILITY OF VARIOUS WB SAFE GUARD POLICIES The World Bank has 10 safeguard policies; the details and applicability of the safe guard policies to the Project road are provided in the exhibit 3.9. Environmental requirements of the World Bank are specified in detail in its Operational Policy (OP) 4.01 and other related OPs. Ininstances in which the procedural and regulatory requirements differ, the more stringent applies. The World Bank environmental requirements are based on a three-part classification system. Category A-requires a full Environmental Assessment (EA). Category B-projects require a lesser level of environmental investigation. Category C-projects require no environmental analysis. Internally WB classified the project in to category A requiring full Environmental Assessment. This classification is based on the type, location, sensitivity, and scale/magnitude of the State roads project. This could be largeley due to the fragile environmental set up with its complex geological/tectonic set up for road widening and the diverse flora and fauna (bio diversity related issues) and due to the large number (hilly region) of project-affected people. Inother words, the Bank classification is based on the anticipated cumulative environmental and social impacts due to the construction and operation of the Project. Una town f limachal State Roads Project El \ for 3 Roads starfing from EXHIBIT 3.9: APPLICABILITY OF WB SAFE GUARD POLICIES WB SAFE- SUBJECT TRIGGERED REASON FOR MITIGATION DOCUMENT- GUARD CATEGORY OR NOT ITS APPLICABILITY MEASURES ATION ______POLICY ______Triggered Umbrella policy All necessary EIA and EMP OP 4.01 Environmental 3 Assessment mitigation required. measures incorporated. OP 4.04 Natural Habitats Triggered Eco-sensitive -Forestry Aseparate study EMP. and wildlife related issues isbeing carried OP 4.36__ Forstr No otpplcabeout OP 4.36 Forestry Not Triggered Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable OP 4.09 Pest Not triggered Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable Management OP 4.30 Involuntary Triggered Road widening will lead to Comprehensive Resettlement Action Resettlement loss of livelihoods, loss of Action Plan Plan prepared land and Buildings etc OP 4.20 Indigenous Not triggered No separate Indigenous This is being Resettlement Action people people development Plan studied Plan (RAP) is required for the Project. prepared OP 4.11 Cultural Property Triggered A number of temples, Adequate EMP & RAP are (draft) shrines, churches etc are mitigation being prepared to located adjacent to road measures if minimise any ROW. ACultural property affected. adverse effect on rehabilitation plan the cultural prepared. properties Four out of ten safeguard polcies are triggered by this project. Therefore implementation of the project in tune with these triggered safeguard polcies is important. Further WB clearance for the overall Programme will be obtained, provided that: * Feasibility studies and environmental screening studies are carried out * Followed by detailed design and project-level environmental documentation when necessary and * Provides assurance that the environmental issues will be properly addressed inthe subsequent phases of the Programme, and * All other feasibility, design, mitigation plans and financial responsibility requirements are acceptable. * All other State level and National level permissions, clearances and approvals are obtained in atimely and phased manner. The Banks Operational Policy 4.304 describes policy and procedures for projects that involve involuntary resettlement. The policy requires that projects minimize the need for involuntary resettlement. Banks policy aims to improve, or at a minimum, sustain the same standard of living of the people who will be displaced because of a development project. Where displacement is unavoidable, resettlement plans should pay particular attention to the vulnerable groups. In addition, the World Bank has special guidelines for addressing impacts upon the indigenous communities due to infrastructure projects. The two project roads considered in this EA report does not trigger OP 4.20. 3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS The State level clearances are required prior to the Government of India (GOI) clearance. The GOI clearance is to be obtained prior to the World Bank Approval. Details are provided in exhibit 3.10. IUA and ENIP prcpared will be reviewed by an independent Consultant according to the Bank norms i Involuntarn Resettlemetnt, lhe \W7orld Bank Operational Policy 4.30, June 1990 I limachal State Roads Project FIA for 3 Roads starting from Ita towvl EXHIBIT 3.10: ENVIRONMENTAL APPROVALS AND CLEARANCES REQUIRED PRIOR To CONSTRUCTION PHASE P1KED & PD STATE FOREST WILDLIFE EN.ISE OPDEPT WATER LOCAL DEPT RESOURCES BODIES -DEPT Forest Yes for the forest no Forest clearance, Clearance Approval as No No land requirements approval for road side from Wildlife per OP tree cutting and land warden 4.01,4.04, requirements Wildlife No No Clearance required Clearance Approval as No No required per OP 4.01,4.04 _ _ _ Environment No _ _ _ _ No No No Approval as No No per OP 4.01 Air/water/noise No Yes, No No Approval as No No related According per OP 4.01 to water noise & Air ______A ct Water (impacts No Yes No No Approval as Drinking as well as water Yes per OP 4.01 resources/Water construction for construction, requirements) Debris disposal No No No No Approval as For disposal .P er OP 4.01 Land acquisitions sites No No No No Approval under No and rehabilitation Yes OP 4.20 4.11 (e.g. parking ______and 4.30 areas) Bypasses considered in this project are smaller (and existing PMGSY road) and does not require any separate EIA clearance. Environmental clearance and approval prior to construction: What is required for the projects considered in this Report? * All World Bank approvals are required for the project. * State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) NOCs are required for establishing and operating of batching plants; Hot mix plants etc prior to construction phase. * All Forest clearances (from State & Central Governments) as per Forest conservation Act What is not required? No environmental clearance from MOEF- Due to marginal land acquisition and also due to the absence of Notified eco- sensitive areas according to the Indian laws. 3.5 APPLICABILITY OF LAND ACQUISITION ACT The flow chart for environmental clearance (exhibit 3.11), flow chart for forest clearance (exhibit 3.12) and the applicability of land acquisition act are all provided in exhibit 3.13. Entire procedure for the MOEF clearance as provided in the MOEF guidelines and MOEF hand book, an the land acquisition flow chart is provided below in exhibit 3.13. from Una town I-limachal State Roads Project EI.\ for 3 Roads starting EXHIBIT 3.11: FLOW CHART FOR ENVIRONMENT CLEARANCE INV'ESTOR| Appl'y to Umn.N1ni,t-l` It ffi | E-- Su.bnits Q-tt-ueiln-,,e to~C .-- md -| Dist-tt -e1 prerbe,d qetiar Scpng by Inestor State Pollution C'ontrol Board Colitt I ar the Project to thtc |Review by State P.11.u,,on | Is the Project stte acceptable | Subesissicti of "inistryof fI ironint & Forests along w-th all documetits hotk | AC Nenbers undetake S-te hstedt at Pact I ot the hand hniti 'I S-tilny by staff vF . W & C.. Issu b -- IN ed slisIutybf r - t ., 't, .. No = - Apply also t C'C'FIn .1 | SPCB,,,,,,sNOC tm itdtal Foeskts-R-it byE,ilt-st,nntal .n -stlandoic fElnlomeia |D-e th,, Prr lect fall mder Sche,dule I r f IYcs,N,lIsr Forets | EIA Notbfi_atK lEhInba 2 3 |rpare- cmrhlNtEAa |i No1|R,,1er, I otf, nunfestld p . - Scru.tnyperpruonl,hyfi ofppiaio tho w Sta,,fApply DOEr fal salntaEprop Minie-Flrstryo Ilaac a Ei.rntnu isue byt .eoc It 'y g-ote ClarncII 19 alem- Ense ronentul Scare 00 [AColefApprasal Comfte r riIs | thp, P-jo -pte .--- wl R-t.17 Sourc: GOI 1994 OEAC- M istEnsr of iprotitisa uitsl rste Crnsnvtoerects ICF of CONSERVATION ACT EXHIBIT 3.12: FOREST CLEARANCE PROCEDURE AS PER FOREST \ |~APPI.ICATION OF USER AtCENtCY TO DIVISIONAL ~~I 0=== F I - -'c I 1 - Ntei ngeos oann Mz1 RCU i% 2F-| Sifte IspeCt-I fi>r propsal abo- 40 ha \f()I El(P-ep-.a' b-lsah I aloor | RCCC| oft RepsissialtaFtorestsonIlIF C&e Coirssrs I Ad ...... y Colinn it- |N.d.ltI17 er1- | - h-lct-rc) I- um-- ti-l & final tei-s-,l tbr | | cuiy~ -emaks, -econn-end,t.o. of Ad,I,.ry C.oln,,ttee .. - tsspl. 51'hf-{rc, lanid -- ccpt | r=-liit -cl.u-n | |of, PrIF-iph, Ch,ef Ctilen- .- o .s1' and --- oiinnLic '' l oe-'t (PCCF -Slawc) II-th F n, nclliiiig Sfate St.t~~ F,,,,~ D,p,at,i,,lG|1111 & 1-uttng bef-r Nl 0l F Ad,.,,o), G-op hy p-op-1:d caheI t,b-v I~ ~~~ reomldtolI ~ ~ ~~~~~~~'aIremrks bI talOes Ih- -nttm>cld | RCCF'-NIO) F(P,op-l,(upto 20~ L ' | N1ee~4ting -n-mmnd.u.., M< ~~Sttmte(ios-nll--la I |-7 RttGsemetscmlacrpr |0 I ... -ef.,d-rbySt.t,,G-,.n,.ni 1-7|NOI-TOIG N fOFF State Go-st"tImn |T~ F-ORNIAI. RAPPRON'AI ORDE I RC CC - Reg-n.ll Cl'I-f Co.n-e at. n IKErco.ts ( Nf ( ) I Sourc: Nf()F IMOEF _-Mi,itry. EtFn, -n-nelt anid F.-et I limachal State Roads Project E -A for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 3.13: SIMPLIFIED MOEF - GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CLEARANCE & LAND ACQUISITION JEC-OC SEI IA DOCUMENTATIONECOMPLETE J-6N---SEAA . .. 11ITAT5 DCoMG CS ...... ENV60META c T r Ar 0 SIPL'LTIONSATTACHECT. IT Aug-06Cor r 1P - DN,Ic o.nL-I C tA 7.b.coP ... 10MOEF G ... M N.tincnnI..xERbls da3s0 ngo h0c ttee-Ot-06 6INI oeprro froRrro,AIfecreddslr.ps thE L-, g..On-9- d7 oROtCd. W L OTIT RE WITHscCCIA. I , CI So-L E D ARTMENT Eo pv - DEC-OHIESETTLCEMEN ATO PLAN(RAP) CCOT E AC A 06 R S _tMYREPOR | aCt-06 T -l E E5- -EN-EEWCOTE PPA6TMENT oDl0 ne-06 eTo Fti |otm-eet,,g'fo-ma1Aff ttd d ,cs II E ca..Imocwia 1t fo¢lsbtllmocmasto ItVJ0-CR rauiismJoUE U IAp,E 7 CA.PTLCATIOTT MOEF W- EIA -c06 ETETTLE.E.TA.-I0 ..... POAE(CO n afd of gwa IIt!POMMM bf DOW CfNDWo. FIT T-T.ATTIA-MA RO--T I IMCICN T CEOA1TIACT PsmalonloMEF Feb-017niolgEvmmma Dse. sOf=t*aaul 1F Aug 07 isocp.... I sEEJl e )sfo F DFa r kl -07 EIlA\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Project 4 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY FOLLOWED 4.1 BASIC APPROACH aspects have been examined in detail The potential environmental issues, impacts and associated environmental environmental studies for the project involve through out the different stages of the project preparation phase. The can be broadly categorized as several stages during the course of environmental investigations. These * Research on the Secondary data and its collection and documentation * Identification of gaps in the secondary data the gaps identified * Primary data generation that also includes data generation relating to detailed design, the environmental aspects have Starting from reconnaissance studies and feasibility studies to the analysis. This analysis will ultimately lead to been taken in to account for materialising a thorough environmental Major part of the environmental analysis will go develop an environmental design for each component of the project. and monitoring plan for the rest of the project to the preparation of a project specific environmental management cycle. of India, the recent revised requirements of The project although largely follows the requirements of the Government for the EA process. World Banks EMP the World Bank was fully considered while formulating a methodology contractors and for consultants responsible for requirements are simple and practically implementable for the supervison. The methodology as usual involves; * Site reconnaissance, * Detailed base line surveys, * Stake holder consultation * Impact surveys * Mitigation and environmental enhancement surveys locations for example along the project road and The consultaion with stake holders have been carried out at various in detail throughout the different stages in also at Shimla. The potential environmental aspects have been examined environmental aspects have been taken in to the process. Starting from feasibility stage to detailed design, the and management plan. The incorporation of consideration for effecting environmental design, monitoring by the widening and improvement of the project observations and assessments of those likely to be directly affected important as the assessment process roads is an essential feature of the methodology and becomes increasingly conducted during the process are discussed in unfolds to different stages. The specific details of the consultations detail in Chapter 6. as follows in section 4.2. Major influences in the Environmental Impact Assessment process are 4.2 MAIN CONCERNS bottle necks of the project need to be identified It is often useful to highlight the project constrains where inthe actual and environmental benefits accruing from the and removed gradually to improve and optimise the economic, social project implementation. The main concerns identified are; of the road * Deep valleys & steep hills requiring careful planning for widening & strengthening water environment * Unstable loose sedimentary geological formation primarily deposited under * Narrow settlements where in the widening options are limited constraints * Bypass and or realignment considerations is challenging due to topographical * Higher pedestrian population along the built up areas * Many flood prone areas and landslide prone areas Impact Assessment has attempted to address Together with the engineering and other'studies, the Environmental in the whole of project preparation phase. these concerns by innovative ideas and modern design considerations I limalchal State Roads Project fJAtor 3 Roads starting from U[na town 4.3 STEPS IN THE PROCESS 4.3.1 RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY The consultants Project preparation team had visited some of the phase 1 project roads; a fortnight ahead project start date of January 09, 2006. Details of the of this reconnaissance survey have been separately presented in the inception report. prepared and The site visit and the initial assessment have schedule of preparation become the key elements of the as a part of the inception report. In addition consultations to field investigations and observations, were held with local officials and available environmental documentation was assembled for review. 4.3.2 DISSEMINATION OF PROJECT DETAILS As a good practice and in line with the requirements of World Bank a project summary has been prepared dissemination. Where ever necessary the summary for has been distributed especially for the institutional Moreover the summary has been distributed stake holders. to over 200 Engineers in the Public works department. 4.3.3 TRAINING ON LEGAL AND POLICY RELATED ISSUES A comprehensive training programme was also part of the methodology. This has been carried out to sensitize engineering community on legal, policy and institutional the aspects of World Bank and country laws. As 4.3.2 over 200 senior and junior engineers stated in section of the Public Works Department (PWD) participated programms carried out in the State.. in May 2006 training 4.3.4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING STUDY Since the project roads considered in this reports are identified candidate roads detailed design and for Part A of Phase 1 package 1 environmental and social assessment, no screening roads. studies were found necessary for these 4.3.5 DETAILED BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS A comprehensive survey had been conducted with two teams for the purpose of environmental studies. For this purpose, a impact screening data sheet was devised to collect quantitative and data together with qualitative social and environmental local project specific consultations. This will be studies. the basis for further investigations for future 4.3.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT SURVEYS The engineering design drawings prepared in 1: 1000 scale were used The to survey and record all the project impacts. engineering surveys had excluded 1000s of trees and many drinking water bodies along the project these were picked up by the environmental impact road. All surveys. All these are marked on the drawings itself. surveys, the left over consultations with During these Forest Range Officer (FRO) and panchayath pradhans Meetings with local bodies were important were conducted. for the disposal of debris excavated from These surveys were useful the hillward side widening. to define the impacts correctly and also to understand character of the project and record the eco-sensitive roads. A number of nesting and breeding places surveys which of birds were discovered during these they have missed during the earlier surveys. This ecosystems is mainly due to the seasonal behaviour of the that the earlier surveys took place when all the water bodies were dry and the birds migrated to favourable other locations. The impact surveys far away have concentrated on the 'core impact area' approximately 20 metres on either side considered as the immediate project impact area. All data along part of this 40m width. The typical the road right of way is data collected from this core impact area are: pumps, wells, springs drinking water sources such as hand etc, avenue trees, pollution areas, waste disposal etc. The survey areas, accidents sites, cultural properties sheets used for the data collection has been surveys) appended (Appendix 4.1 survey format for baseline EIA for 3 Roads starring from Una town I limachal State Roads Project COLLECTED DATA 4.3.7 ASSEMBLY AND ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUSLY and quite a lot of useful literature surveys had been carried out using internet Keeping in line with the new methods, data. Literature This included both published and unpublished environmental materails have been down loaded. Control Board e.g. the Department of Forests, the State Pollution searches were undertaken and relevant agencies Sources of previously collected data included: were contacted and appraised of the proposed project. Planning commission, Government of India. > Himachal Pradesh Development Report, > Socio -economic data from the planning Department Geology > Geologic data from Wadia Institute of Himalayan wildlife research institute Dehradun > Forestry and wildlife data from Forest and quality data from the Central Pollution Control Board > Air, water (surface & groundwater) and noise the State Forests Department. > Flora and fauna from various sources, including affected districts. > Survey of India (SOI) maps for the potentially data from State Pollution Control Board > Environmental and the State Committee on Science Technology > HP state environmental study data from Environment determined the with the initial reconnaissance survey investigations, Review of readily available data, combined data If some requirements arises all the availabe environmental need for primary data collection in some instances. from the PCB will be utilised for further analysis. NEEDS 4.3.8 IDENTIFICATION OF PRIMARY DATA COLLECTION considered necessary were identified early in the process. Instances in which the collection of primary data was This include; taken up shortly by a wildlife and forestry expert. > Forestry and wildlife - This has been finally marks- This data is being generated. > Environmental monitoring to establish bench therefore no need of separate monitoring Required meteorological data is already available - > presence in and and local communities indicated that lots of wildlife Various consultations carried out with forestry suitable necessary to generate adequate data and formulate around the project roads. Therefore It was found the eco-systems. methodology to minimise and mitigate the impact to 4.3.9 PHOTOGRAPHY AND VIDEOGRAPHY engineers, to the environmental and social assessment team, During the course of the project, in addition were of the required works. A large number of photographs economists made visual inspections of various aspects taken for reference. the impacted will be useful for land acquisition as well as to see The entire alignment has been video-graphed. This of the project cycle. properties, structures and trees during various stages ASSESSMENT REPORT 4.3.10 PREPARATION OF FEASIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL the feasibility report. The following aspects were considered in preparing National parks, wildlife reserves, sanctuaries, (a) Sensitive and/or critical natural habitats (e.g., (b) General population distribution, (c) Major rivers and waterways, (d) Recorded cultural heritage sites, etc.), (e) Sacred groves, protected areas, forest, wetlands, (f) Concentrations of low income communities, i ]imachal Statc Roads Project 1LJ\ for 3 Roads starting frotn ('na towvn (g) Any potentially sensitive areas, based on recent GOI census, official data and information from NGOs (non - Government organizations), and (h) Field/ Site visits. The results were plotted on maps and tabulated to identify any conflicts and resolve them. recommendations were made on how to Unlike plain areas the alternatives available for most hill roads were minimum and expensive, therefore, of the widening and improvement takes place along the existing alignment with a hillward side widening. 4.3.11 DETERMINATION OF POTENTIAL IMPACT AREA FOR EA PURPOSE The item no 21 of the Ministry of Environment and Forest (MOEF) projects Schedule I of MOEF notification include Highways and projects related to construction of tarred roads in Himalayas. Since this project is only project, tarred roads already exists, therefore a rehabilitation this part never applies to this State roads project. Core Impact Area The core impact area (Appendix 4.1) has been taken as 20m on either side of the project were carried out in a format roads. All data collection designed to tabulate the core impact area details. General study area The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) guidelines for highways project suggests the adoption kilometres as the potentially affected general Impact of Ten area for highway projects. Thus the EIA addressees kilometre Project Influence Area (PIA), 10 kilometres the 20 - on either side of the proposed right - of -way (ROW). In addition to the PIA, the impact area will also include the ancillary camps, sites like borrow, quarry areas, work force material storage and disposal areas. Ancillary sites are usually located away from the project road corridor. 4.3.12 STRIP PLAN Since this road has been studied in detail from all angles even before not required. the feasibility studies, a strip plan for this was 4.4 THE EA PROCESS The Chapter 5 presents baseline environmental conditions within the area defined. sources as noted above. Data has been drawn from all The EA process has considered the following aspects, # Baseline environmental and social aspects o Study the engineering/technical solutions and the draft design s Incorporation of environmental and social aspects to design > Impact identification and avoidance t Mitigation measures and the cost provision to implement the appropriate mitigation through the inclusion measures of Bill of Quantities (BOO) as a Contract item r Consultation of the Technical solution with the local people concerned s And the preparation of the impact mitigation and minimisation plan Plan). (Environmental Management > Environmental Management Action Plan (EMAP) defining the responsibilities clauses and and the contract w Environmental monitoring Recently EMP reporting has been standardised for World Bank projects that can address the construction and post construction phases pre-construction, of the project. This will be applied for this project. EA.\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Proicct 4.5 ASSESSMENT OF POTENTIAL IMPACTS of: of environmental enhancement opportunities consisted Screening for Potential adverse impacts and identification within the PIA districts. (a) Review of land use and environmental factors through the within the project-influenced districts were surveyed Sensitive land use and environmental conditions concerned agencies. - use of available data sources and interviews with (b) Analytical review of baseline data: land uses and sites- Information with regards to sensitive areas, issues, (c) Analytical review: with the Project Influence Area- Research into the underlying socio - cultural conditions by previous highway projects: (d) Assessment of potential impacts as identified by MoEF and the the guidelines and recommendations proposed Review was based on previous experience with checklist to ensure consideration of all positive and World Bank as cited earlier and used as a comprehensive negative impacts. data, several based on the analysis of the primary and secondary The potential significant impacts were identified informal and formal consultations. physical inspections of the corridor and after numerous IN THE DESIGN PROCESS 4.6 MAIN STREAMING OF ENVIRONMENT generally part of highway Project preparation - a process consideration of environmental issues was an integral The The design and decision - making process was to by the World Bank as "mainstreaming the environment". referred issues prompted appropriate actions. Such that environmental and resettlement and rehabilitation undertaken so on road safety considerations. Such in alignments or a curve improvement based actions included a shift and improvements in road benefits derived from reductions in village congestion, adjustments were weighed against maximum practical process. It was also necessary to ensure the safety, and were incorporated in the design upon the and forests and sanctuaries) and adverse impacts avoidance of sensitive areas (e.g. shrines, hospitals project affected persons, etc. 4.7 ASSESSMENT OF ALTERNATIVES Assessment (EIA). The 'no very high significance for an Environmental Impact The analysis of alternatives assumes helps to determine various options available. The process will ultimately action option' is to be considered among are considered various options. In all studies, at least few options which option is comparatively better than the other the documentation is rarely carried out. The documentation prior to the final selection of the alternative nevertheless various options considered. will further improve the thought process towards PWD had visited the site and the Project Director, Engineer in Chielf (EIC) of As a part of this exercise together with and social During the site vist on June 27 and 28, all environmental consulted with the affected parties (Plate-4.1). site. issues were also taken up for decision making at AFFECTED PEOPLE ALONG THE UNA -NERCHOWK PLATE 4.1: DISCUSSION WITH THE THE PROJECT ROAD KM 8.0 Ffimachal Statc Roads Project F IA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 4.8 FINALISATION OF ALIGNMENT Physical verification of the alignment in terms of the number of trees along the highway and the presence of schools, hospitals and shrines was surveyed. The presence of forest areas with built - up areas along most made this the single largest parameter of the roadside for alignment options. The social parameters was independently establish the viable design options. analysed to 4.9 MITIGATION & ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES Environmental concerns were identified in the early stages of project preparation. design process This has enabled to streamline the and to avoid or otherwise mitigate potential impacts. Others will require appropriate actions in the construction and operational phases. Positive actions, not only avoid adverse impacts, but also capitalise opportunities to correct environmental degradation on or improve environmental conditions and documented in Chapter 9. were determined as 4.10 PREPARATION OF EMP In order to implement various environmental requirements during pre-construction, construction phases, all mitigation and enhancement and operational measures have been clearly built in Volume 2, to the EMP. This is documented in Environmental Management Plans. All necessary mitigation BOO and enhancement costs have been part of the including items like tree planting, landscaping etc. 4.11 STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATION & PARTICIPATION Consultations with concerned officials, agencies and potentially affected persons continued throughout the process and will continue as the project proceeds. The various consultations have been documented for previous EA studies, this time local bodies review. Unlike were consulted as number one priority as the disposal one of the major issues during of debris could be construction. Details are provided in the relevent Chapter. 4.12 APPENDICES All detailed information on environmental aspects is appended with the report. from Una town EAI for 3 Roads starring Project I limachal State Roads I limachal State Roads Project l \.1Afor 3 Roads starting from Una town 5 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS The specific details of the baseline environmental data analysis below. provided in this chapter are organized as given SECTION TITLE OF THE NUMBER SECTION DESCRIPTION 5.1 Land environment Presents the Geographical settings, Physiography and drainage patterns; geology and seismology; soil conditions; existing and potential erosion patterns; and information with regard to quarries, crushers; and borrow pits. 5.2 Air Environment Presents the meteorological conditions of the area. Presents the relevant standards and the existing air quality ambient air quality conditions, including a locations of monitoring description of the stations and the sampling and testing methods 5.3 Noise Presents employed. the relevant noise standards and the existing ambient Environment description noise levels, including a of the locations of monitoring stations and the employed. sampling and testing methods 5.4 Bio Environment Flora, Fauna and Ecosystems; Presents data with regard to forestry, wildlife and trees in the project ROW and in the Project Influenced Area 5.45 Water (PIA) Presents the applicable water quality Environment standards; existing surface water bodies and groundwater conditions; water resources and cross drainage structures within the Project corridor/ Project Influenced Area (PIA). 5.6 Socio cultural Presents the relevant social data, including data with regard to indigenous environment etc. Presents a discussion people, land use of health issues related to road projects, including with regard to the available data incidences of diseases and the relevance of truckers disease as stipulated and the spread of in the World Bank Guidelines. The topic has address Road safety been expanded to issues associated with the Himachal State Roads data with regard Project. Presents to shrines, monuments, temples and cultural artefacts. 5.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT 5.1.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ROADS A location map of the project road is provided in exhibit 5.1 in section 5.1.1. The Una 2) Una-Amb 3) Una-Nerchowk three project roads 1) Mehatpur- considered in this report are located in the western along the districts of Una, Hamrpur, part of the State traversing Bilaspur & Mandi. The project road Mehatpur-Una-Amb 31° 24" 16' N , 76° 20" 32' E and lies between latitude of 310 28" 15' N, 760 15" 49' E. The entire section terrain with elevation ranging is predominantly located in plane from 366 to 476 meters. The physical location exhibit 5.2. details of the project road are provided in EXHIBIT 5.1 LOCATION MAP OF THE PROJECT ROAD Mi A.. t MN A., fiK.MS4k -L 7- ,N Y.~Sunda a.umGod EfA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project OF THE PROJECT ROADS EXHIBIT 5.2: PHYSICAL LOCATIONAL DETAILS CHAIk4AGE END LOCATION CHAINAGE LENGTH DISTRICTS T-, AT ROAD NAME (KM) (PLACE NAME) (Ku) (KM) LOCATION (PLACE ._ NAME) 18.000 Mehatpur 5.000 Una Mehatpur -Una 12.000 Una 50.000 Una 18.000 Amb Una -Amb 32.000 Una 126.700 Una 0.000 Nerchowk Una -Nerchowk 126.700 Una,Hamirpur Bilaspur and Mandi 5.1.2 GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS Mehatpur Una-Amb section planes of the western -Amb sections are located in the recent alluvial Geomorphologically Mehatpur -Una and Una formation. reaches of highly eroding loose sedimentary Shiwalik bank of the river Soan fbrmed out from the upper varies from 300-600m which is the The elevation of the road above mean sea level UNA - AREAS ADJOINING THE PROJECT ROAD ALONG PLATE 5.1 : SHIWALIK HILLS WITH FOREST NERCHOWK KM 8.00 w-y .___,'j __ -. . . *ft VA -- Am.w 71 . .. v.. V. /2006 c. 1/0 dozens of streams and Pradesh. The entire road cris-crosses several lower most part of the whole of Himachal road section is distance ranging from 1km to 5 kms. The Mehatpur-Una-Amb tributaries of the river Soan located at a with distance and furthur up the elevation is increasing gradually located in the Alluvial formation beyond Amb (Exhibit 5.3 Relief map). Ilimachal State Roads Project F 1-A for 3 Roads starting from Ulna town EXHIBIT 5.3: RELIEF MAP OF THE REGION NERALISED RELIEF I 500 O 14 Dn P IES -- ....- I jfiCfJIO.Ao .. 1iS--- KNfi 1z zoxo 1300 Una-Barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk section Geomorphologically the project road crosses the NW-SE oriented Shiwalik mountain located at ranges (Plate 5.1). With Una about 300-600m a.m.s.l, the elevation gradually increases towards 900-1350m.a.ms.1 Mandi side located at an altitude of traversing the hill ranges for about 126 kms. Except the initial through the hill 10 kms, the entire road passes slopes of soft Shiwalik sandstone (see section on Geology also). PLATE 5.2: ALLUVIUM WITH SHIWALIK INBACK GROUND ALONG UNA -AMB KM 23.00 ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town IFlimachal State Roads Project 5.1.3 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA Himalayas were formed due to sedimentation in the tethian According to Geo-Synclinal and plate tectonics theories, land massess. Later folding and faulting of sediments took sea and movement of the earths northern and southern the structure of this mountain ranges.The four major place during Eocene, Miocene,and Pliocene had shaped subdivisions are; * Outer shiwaliks * Shiwaliks * Central part and * Eastern part the Recent alluvial formations of outer Shiwalik formation. Geologically entire Mehatpur -Una -Amb section falls in Nerchowk (located near Mandi) is mostly situtated in the (Exhibit 5.4 Geological map) The section from Una towards through the Murre formation. The geological succession Shiwalik rock formation except the last section that traverses in his area is as follows; * @ Alluvium of Recent origin * @ Shiwaliks of Mio Pliestocene * @ Murre Formations of Oligo cene * @ Subathu beds of Eocene 5.3 Shows the sand stone formation at chainage 8.000km Plate 5.2 is the alluvial formation of recent origin. Plate the Shiwaliks are shale, sand stone and clay. along the Una-Nerchowk road. Important rocks that constitute EXHIBIT 5.4 GEOLOGICAL MAP OF THE REGION <1 Trlesc Fotmatlan Ponjal Taps(?) Gf en Beod of MAlLuivum Manikaran a Dada - Nandl Volcaniou Group Katol Setli Shimla [ Sih Ara Shall Omoban & (Dagseal. Kasaull Blaini Formtnaon'ntra Lergi Group MMurree Series FerntloJutinilesifies Perno Dhramsala BedlSwrmout ' Carbonlicous Seties Ngthat Giroup, Muii quarltezl Subathu Beds Group Mandhaf andpur Groups DDelhl m Cretaceous Formations Rampur-Daniarfoeti Haimania Gtoup Jurassic Formations, Tel Series I limachal State Roads Project ElT\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town PLATE 5.3: THE SAND STONE FORMATION AT CHAINAGE 8.000KM 5.1.4 SEISMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE AREA Unlike EA process in other parts of India, the seismic character has the highest significance country. Although in this part of the most of the State falls under Zone IV, the Mandi and adjoining areas are with in the highest seismic zone ie., Zone V. The northern bounday of Shiwalik formation is marked by the Main Boudary seated tectonic Thrust, a deep lineament that separates the rocks of the Shiwalik formation from the older rocks. This is a weak zone (along which lithoshperic movements takes place) and has direct relation to seismic Exhibit character of the region. 5.5 provides the details of the seismic activities of magnitude 5 and above occurred in this Himalayan region. part of the EXHIBIT 5.5: EARTH QUAKES OF MAGNITUDE 5 AND ABOVE DURING LAST CENTURAY. SI Date Earthquaike Origin time Epicentre MagnItude No Description on Richter ._ _ 1 04/04/1905 Kangra scale 32 25 76 25 2 28/02/1908 8.6 Kullu 32 77 3 11/05/1930 7.0 3107 77 5.5 4 20/10/1937 31.5 7601 6 5 21/11/1939 Great Pamir - 36.5 74 25 6 22/06/1945 6.9 - 180061 31 6 759 7 10/07/1947 6.5 Chamba 101920 32 6 759 8 10/03/1955 6 211621 33 765 6 9 07/04/1956 Kangra - 31 77 5 10 01/07/1960 Dharamshala The great fall of Gerollites at Dharamshala /Ferospur 11 15/06/1962 31.9 76 2 5.5 12 17/06/1952 Bunter & Banihal 33.3 76.2 5.5 13 Considerable damage in Chamba and Dharamshala area 14 05/11/1968 Damage in - 32 3 76 5 4.9 Dharamshala 15 19/01/1975 Kinnaur 133200 3235 16 05/02/1976 7 3124 7703 6 EL]A for 3 Roads starfing from Una town I limachal State Roads Project * NO eP1!P . . 76 30 5 17 14/06/1978 Dharamshala 214209 3216 75 55 5.4/5.5 18 24/08/1980 Jammu/ 030652/ 32.09 Kathava 032003 32.02 75 32 763 5.7 19 25/04/1986 Dharamshala 130517 321 5.1.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS to go for large scale borrowing and quarrying Except for the Mehatpur-Una-Amb section, It may not be necessary in HP could generate suitable materails in large for construction materials as the widening of the project hill roads or in the project itself, therefore there is a need to quantities. It may not be feasible to use all such materials insitu to the poor quality of the material from the Himalayn locate disposal areas for such excess debris materails. Due for the road construction. The consultants team sediementary deposits all materials may not be qualitatively suitable for use in the project .This is listed below in exhibit had identified all quarry and material sources in the nearby areas 5.6. ROAD EXHIBIT 5.6: MATERIAL SOURCES ALONG THE PROJECT NEAREST DISTANCE TO THE PROJECT LOCATION MATERIAL TYPE QUANTITY AVAILABLE ROAD. CHAINAGE (K"M) (QUARRY OR BORROW AREA Mehatpur-Una-Amb Large 1km to RHS with good access road 24.300 Basal Aggregate Enough 400m LHS away gravel road 39.700 Garni Aggregate limited 500m away from the highway LHS-gravel road 4.5 km from Kuluri Aggregate Amb along NH cum 2 km maway from the road LHS 31.900 Suluri I Borrow material 80,000 20,000 cum 150m away from the road both sides 33.000 Borrow material UnarNerchowk 4.5 km away from the Aggregate Large quantity Road goes to left side 64.300 Sukherkhand project road quantity 8 km away towards RHS from the Project road 60.000 do Aggregate Large do 4.5km towards LHS gravel road 84.900 Sundelkhad do do 200m away from towards LHS 94.800 Jahukhad do After Jahu towards Ner chowk stone quarries are available. (Source: Consultants field studies) 5.1.6 SOIL AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS SOIL TYPES pradesh in to five classes. Exhibit 5.7 is the soil The State Agricultural department has classified soils of Himachal climate and altitude. These are (a) Low hill soil zone types of the region. This classification is largely based on the areas found in the Mehatpur-Una-Amb section and which extends up to an elevation of 900 mts in the subtropical (b) mid hill soil zone which extends to an elevation of the first 10 kms of the Una - Nerchowk section falls in this zone the rest of the Una-Nerchowk road. The other three 900m to 1500 m in the semi temperate areas. This soil constitute soil types of HP are not found along the project road in PIA areas. Ilimachal State Roads Project El \ for 3 Roads starting from Uina toWn EXHIBIT 5.7: SOIL TYPES OF THE REGION 7*. * 72 20' ' 70 N: 19- v° ) A- ,. ,. - L,> - S..,,-. 2' - gV-< 9 fa uR3 . APPROXIMATE TRADITIONAL NOMENCLATURE ,UDALFS -High base a O . . .1 .OCHREPTS status soils of htumid regions -Shallow black brown and aHluvial solls of northern ORTHENTS -Recently formed soils region ~ PSAM4MENTS -Sandy soils (RecentQ USTAILFS -High base status - red loamy red sandy and allwwi,l ORTHIDS -SoIl of arid region with soils UDOLLS same development -TarDl soils of humid region According to scientific nomenclature, these soils belongs to the ochrepts-orthents-ustalfs5. These soils combination of shallow represents the black, brown and alluvial soils. These soils found in Una and Hamirpur origin. are very recent in A combination of udalfs-ochrepts is found in Mandi and Bilaspur area. SOIL EROSION Soil erosion is one of the major environmental problems affecting the Himalayan region, with millions of tones of soil being either washed or blown away. The entire area of Shiwaliks has been classified as "backward' in all States. Prime cause for this backwardness is the massive soil erosion. While any exposed soil is subjected to the forces of erosion, Shiwaliks are more prone to it as they are derived from poorly consolidated mio-pliestocene sands, gravels and conglomerates, the erosion products of Himalayas itself. SOIL FERTILITY Soils in Himachal pradesh are usualy thin and are deep only in the valleys. As described in section above the reduction in soil fertility and prodcutivity is due to massive soil erosion. The chores (these are monsoon torrents locally known as chores are quite common in the area) not only play havoc during monsoon but cut across fertile fields and spread sheets of sands over the flooded areas. The observed width of some of these chores are more than thousands metres. Productivity of soils therefore are decreased all along the Shiwaliks. Exhibit 5.8 provides details of the soil quality monitoring results carried out during the study. 'State of the I'rivironncent Rcport marclh 2000-State council for Science, I'chinoiogy and 1Environment FAA for 3 Roads starting from Una town i limachal State Roads Projcct EXHIBIT 5.8: SOIL QUALITY ALONG THE PROJECT CORRIDORS Soll quft along M wh naAmb coridor odclh chatin prLoa Stations Soil Soil Soil Holding InorganiC8 Organic0drai L ConductIvity ao SunaTur Porsb oll (mMho) Ectaj2(% (ppm) ToMext Porosity Plasticiy Hlig noaksMatter (%) p 7.24 14.5 Sandy 0.37 0 0.37 98.1 0.03 0.41 12.18 Nandpur __ 97.9 0.03 7.36 0.58 11.6 7.9 Una Sandy 38.5 0 38.5 Soil quality along Una-Barsar- Nerchowk road 97.9 0.3 7.38 0.2 15.74 5.9 Bani Sandy 34.1 0 34.1 97.89 0.41 7.24 0.16 11.11 5.31 Samoh Sandy 39.1 0 39.1 99.5 0.18 7.17 0.13 18.11 4.12 Sunvan Jn. Sandy 0.32 0 0.32 98.57 0.27 7.18 0.18 12.43 4.13 Nerchouk Sandy 39.4 0 39.4 collected and analysed at six different types of Soil is generally sandy and pH neutral in nature for all six samples for all the samples analysed. Soil porosity and locations along three different roads. Plasti city of the soil is zero content is slightly high towards the forest regions water holding capacity are also high for all four samples. Organic is high only at Nandpur village due to the at Samoh and it is very low along Una and Nandpur. The lead content is within the limits. prevailing high as against the standard of 10. In all other locations it LANDSLIPS ...) 5.1.7 PREVAILING SLOPE STABILISATION ISSUES (LANDSLIDE, issue are one of the main environmental In a hilly region like Himachal pradesh, slope stability and slope stabilisation mud flows and flash floods are common issues especially with regards to road projects. 'Landslides, landslips, season. The unstable slopes have resulted due to the largely affecting the Shiwalik geomorphic zone during the rainy 6 of human and livestalk population' . Land unconsolidated nature of sediments in many sections and heavy pressure the past several decades. However out of the slides have been a major environmental problem in the Himalayas for to these kind of issues. The evironmental three project roads considered in this report, only one road is subjected along Una- Nerchowk road as provided in the survey team has observed some weak areas as geologically unstable exhibit 5.9 provided in section on prevailing slope stability issues. ],and, Water and F nvironmental management I limachal State Roads 1'roject El-k for 3 Roads startng from ULna toWn EXHIBIT 5.9: GEOLOGICALLY UNSTABLE AREAS ALONG UNA- NERCHOWK SL No COAINAGE LOCATION ALONG ROAD SIDES LHS RHS 1 0-1 Una Town 2 6-7 3 landslide prone 11-12 Jogi Panga landslide prone 4 44-45 landslide prone Erosion prone 5 45-46 landslide prone Erosion 6 prone 46-47 Barsar landslide prone 7 54-55 landslide prone 9 56-57 landslide prone 10 57-58 landslide prone landslide prone 12 59-60 Saloni landslide prone 13 61-62 landslide prone 15 63-64 landslide prone 16 99-100 landslide prone 17 100-101 - landslide prone Erosion prone 18 101-102 19 102-103 Dhalwan landslide prone/e 20 Erosion prone 106-107 Tamled landslide prone 21 - 107-108 landslide prone 22 112-113 landslide prone 23 113-114 landslide prone 24 118-119 Lakhwan landslide prone 26 120-121 Gulma landslide prone Two other roads Mehatpur-Una and Una- Mehatpur are located in the planes and therefore the issue along this erosion is the main alignment as provided in the exhibit 5.10. In the case of Una-Barsar important -Nerchowk road, this is an issue. Existing visible slope stability issues are however very few. EXHIBIT 5.10: EROSION PREVENTION STRUCTURES MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SL No. NAGE RESOURCE ___LHS RHS 2 12-13 Retaining wall 3 13-14 Retaining wall 4 14-15 Retaining wall 7 17-18 Retaining wall 9 45-46 Retaining wall Retaining wall LANDSLIDE The occurances of landslides in this mountain region has increased in frequnecy in the recent years, mainly due to the human interfernce to the fragile slopes. There are no landslide areas along Una- Amb. No landslides have been noticed along the Una-Nerchowk. There are few landslide prone areas along Una Nerchowk road. This could be due to the presence of relatively hard sandstone formation in this part of the HP. However some sections could trigger landslides. Details are provided in exhibit 5.9 above. ROCK FALL AND SLIDING Unlike other parts of HP, due to a modest forestvegetation cover through out the Una -Nerchowk road the rock fall areas were not recorded in any of our surveys. In sandstone exposed areas some slides and rock noticed (Plate- 5.4). fall have been Nevertheless continued human disturbance by human beings rock fall. could trigger issues similar to EJ]\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project PLATE 5.4: SLIDING OF SANDSTONE OUTCROPS KM 11.5 -- 5.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT 5.2.1 METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS out the State. Very high elevation differences The meteorological and climatic conditions vary significantly through Una district with an average elevation of above mean sea level is one of the main reason for such high changes. Lahaul and Spity region is very cool and 300-600m is very hot and humid during summer, where as the Shimla, winter and summer, there are three well salubrious during summer. With spring acting as a transition period between conditions are essentially determined by the defined seasons experienced in the PIA districts (Exhibit 5.1 1). Climatic south west and by the winter monsoons. EXHIBIT 5.11 THREE WELL DEFINED SEASONS IN PIA DISTRICTS MONTH DESCRIPTION OF THE EFFECT SEASONS [April-May-June Very hot and humid Summer of the rainfall during this period Monsoon 1 July-August-September 70% Winter 1 October-Nov-Dec-Jan-Feb-March Bilaspur districts also experience very hot The PIA district of the three project roads ie., Una, Mandi, Hamirpur and in rainfall, temperature and humidity, five and humid weather during summer. Based on the regional variations were identified along PIA districts of the three climatic zones have been identified. Out of this five, only the first two project roads. These are: this sub-tropical zone- identified below 900 m-Una and Bilaspur PIA districts fall under this Warm temperate zone -900-1500 m-Hamirpur and Mandi PIA districts fall under Other zones are not coming within the PIA. 5.2.2 PRECIPITATION above National average. PIA districts receives an Average annual rainfall of the State is 111 mms which is slightly exhibit 5.12. December and January record minimum average annual rainfall varying between 1000-1400 mm shown I limachal State Roads Project FA\ for 3 Roads starting from Una towvn rainfall. The rainiest months are July and August. None of the PIA districts receives snowfall during winter as the elevation in almost all cases is less than 1500m a.m.sl. EXHIBIT 5.12: ISOHYETES INTHE REGION 3 * ANNUAL RAINFALL ...... IN MILLIMETRES oft -- 2600 X- ' - bTRe IN ML- - 1400 4 ,c 1000 ---- 1 600 5.2.3 TEMPERATURE Temperature decreases from west to east as shown in the regional map (exhibit 5.13) showing normal monthly and annual temperature. The temperature along the project road Mehatpur-Una-Amb is the highest compared to the entire State of HP. Temperature here rises to as high as is 250 C to 300 C. Inall other areas, it varies less than 150 C. from 25o C to EXHIBIT 5.13: TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN THE REGION r i- i- e~-- = I- iMAWQf TgKPFPAT1J%E SC -w.rHYT4-tT J r 5.2.4 HUMIDITY Relative humidity is usually high in the month of July, August and September and it varies Humidity is 84.16. from 76 to 95%. Average FIA for 3 Roads starring from Una town I-limachal State Roads Project 5.2.5 WIND about 100km or so in the Himalayan terrain could be The wind direction for a linear project like this, running for to the influence of the Hills of varying heights and the varying throughout every 100m of the project road. This is due hill ranges in this part of the country. Therefore meandering roads. Exhibit 5. 14 provides the details of the Himlayan the Environmental screening report prepared wind monitoring at one or two locations has no meaning. Neverthless map over lay of all feasibility roads ( Refer: during October 2006 for the project has included a thematic Environmental screening report 2006). PIA REGION EXHIBIT 5.14: HILL RANGES OF THE HIMALAYAS IN THE %V roads. This has not even mentioned in the State Moreover there are no major polluted areas along the project new projects especially location specific projects do environmental report of 2000. However for EIA studies of of few 10 sq kms. generate data as it provides the wind direction for only a small region 5.2.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY Himachal Pradesh indicated relatively good ambient air Various surveys and investigations carried out in the State of a bri dge constrcution site). This is due to quality except in those locations of construcution activities (e.g the thick coverage of lush green vegetation, very low industrial and other construction activities, Comparatively low traffic, from domestic activities such as fuel wood usage is also Density of population is very low therefore the human contribution very low. areas, dust nuissance is very high. Since this is only a In all areas of road construction or other infrastructure built up taken as a criteria to evaluate the ambient air quality. temporary effect in any construction activity, this has not been to any similar construction area/zone in other parts In general, occurrence of such high SPM is usual and applicable areas adjoining Haryana and Punjab. The major of the world. Industries in the State are only along the peripheral are all along the boundary areas of the Himachal industrial centres Parwanoo, Kala Amb, Barotiwala and Nalagharh programme of the CPCB is mainly concentrating on Pradesh. Therefore the National ambient air quality monitoring vehicular pollution is high due to various reason that these areas that also include the State capital where the includes high tourist influx. I limachal State Roads Project F11A for 3 Roads starting from LUna town On the basis of land use pattern, PCB has classified land into three categories ( Exhibit 5.15). These are Industrial and mixed use Residential and rural areas Sensitive areas The concentrations of the SPM, S0 and 2 NOx were 95 % of the time within the prescribed limits as shown below. EXHIBIT 5.15: AIR QUALITY STANDARDS ______I CONCENTRATIONS IN UG/M3 _=_ CATEGORY AREA SPM So2 Nox A Industrial and mixed 500 120 120 use______B Residential and _ Rural 200 80 80 C Sensitive 100 30 30 As per the CPCB sponsored National Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (NAAQM) programme in HP, Ambient air quality is being monitored at four locations namely Shimla, Parwanoo, Poanta Sahib and Dramtal. None of these location is close to the project roads discussed in this section. As a part of the EA process requirement, ambient air quality is being monitored at the following locations as per the details shown in the exhibit-5.16 A & exhibit 5.16 B ( A3 -Map). EXHIBIT 5.16 A: ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING STATIONS FOR AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STATION LOCATION/ REASON FOR SELECTION REMARKS No CHAINAGE _ 1 Nerchowk Major road junction with NH Urban 2 Sunvan or Mundkhar A typical road junction Representative typical rural Junction road junction 3 62 km from Una to Ner (Pine) Forest Forest area 4 Bani 52 km Semi-urban A typical semi-urban area representing all semi-urban category of built 5 Una up. Major urban centre Soil should be taken just outside the shoulder Close to drainage line 6 Nandapur (km 42) Rural -to mark lowest level of A typical Rural area with very low level of pollution as a bench mark, pollution The results of the ambient air quality are provided in exhibit 5.17 & 5.17 B A for Una-Amb and Una-Nerchowk 5.18 A & 5.18 B for EZIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town IFlimachal State Roads Project EXHIBIT 5.17 A: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY-UNA-AMB CORRIDOR a d Inn (uaWm) Station Name __quairtYdat HaT Pb - __ r_ _X _ SPM r RSPM CO Nil Nil Nil 37.23 Nandpur 58.76 39.81 Nil 5.97 0.083 1.075 46.37 Una city 76.26 60.40 1.06 THE AIR QUALITY RESULTS EXHIBIT 5.17 B: THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF *SPM *RSPM - - - 90 - - -80-4 - 70 - 58.76 60 U - 500 -- 39v1 .j -o city Nandpur Una Stations F | CO HCT zPb' 5.97 6 - 4 - 2 1 06 00 0 Nandpur Una city | Stations 4r- 50 g sS02 ENOx 451- 40 37.23 35 =305 0 °-1 25 20 10 1.0 - - 5 0 0 city Nandpur Una Stations t'X B 4 -. V -, 44 '$-' 'f'^D. " ;'>~ ' -I' ~., TRRAS -' -9.t- t 9 * | [ - - . p'-sholMer close to &.arg eh v 5....2--;km.. , A1 -ir.NDhS SdS0 m -r IA typkel wiin uren ams nptl en.s'EO'.'am , r ss.wbn-t coegwy of buplt up. As 62 km tominnU to Nor Ar. NOse Sd (Pbo) Forot Fars ar.'- AS LsAnm Mum":AtcO Air. Noise a Sd A tya, toadlujwkb PAprese.twt tvpAc . roaapNxlto, LEGEND- .t* NHS AIR NOISE&SOIL LOCATION -- No ______. gob- Go _ WA TE R OU A L ITY LO C A T ION -4n -m W4M K3npainyK i rie PAsairphe"2rceslr iurg wt - Ltis.n brkig WAS( 3uo1y t -/#W5 r W IL IFE MOVEMENTS W UNAhu- km W PckhSWou.ss7 b Wb l ib |W DbhOl W_W__ i___ __ )Ws BWr el:lblr pii ir * RE-ALIGNMENT LOCATION HIMACHAL PRADESH ROAD AND = THE Louis Berger Group, Inc,usA Cwmic Suimces For Fability Of 1675 K. ENVIROMENT OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE a-w LW . lird u;i Aiesei DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD. MON rrORING POINTS MP-1 M. M JRV tr =UNA - NER CHOVW IL IOf 413 KM. Of Roads Under Phusel (Paagdm-I) UN-NECHW .xhibit - 5.16 B: Enviromental Monitoring Location along Mehatpur - Una - Amb Road * t 2-s , ,A' ,i ; Ao- A ,ts ,A..t.,q ^i;X 464-630TO 464qu TOT ," -A. AARti E . . ' I .' . . . . . '4 . ; .'t ...... .- LNU A) \.'Aks>" A';"' . - t ; A., WsA X- *t* .f - >I,: TOt - LEGEND:- AIR NOISE&SOIL LOCATION I ; . WATERQuALrrY LOCATION . : 2,+N . O-' " ' WILD LIFE MOVEMENTS :* RE-UioNmENT LOCATION 41,1 't *fAA s P"1'r.- - - .- * -A"-- -' -- ' ,0,.D. N..p. 14 k... .vyU tu p Akem.1tk Ch 38 ltr I..- f *h ' . . .k gm. Oft* - poir1 .t1-i R.. Ao P.... h.P"g d waat .e ______Irnc ....,l, .A. N.dpw'(k.42) Ar...'- d r 4.'4 V - O. 'N Clow Al Nois A S.i Uso road auction Lkte, 111fi LoatmImOinbmi Pauirtabgib -- mi;- ftme.att MD______MoaIJiud 5.Iedon A. Nse t Sod M"o' urbaneirre So., snol- re laie,j .sl -wet t.er shoulder close to drainage lIwo A3 BarN 52 km Air. i -. Noise & Soil Siemkarrbun A typical Sarni-urban arearepresentirng all sen-urban- category cf buitt up. AA 62-kto lratoNer Air Noise- Sot (Prne) Forest Foes area - , '... AS SurrAn or Mundkharlunction Air Noise & Soi A typcal road juiction Reprweentatne typical nra road junction v .k As- ^ NerChowk; Air. Noise Sd jntn Ura eqtn Nll ' ; tz Z La"Wh- -toi - PammD. be P> rAmadm- - - W4 Kin 5 rm LI Wif aS.ahy Rr Surie ter A .- ;g WS Lath4"bni-- ''. , r W ;ig aterQOusliy Reseryo r Surlace water -iw - km87 Water t Qualt well Groundwater ' ;,, ' - * *W lrWate rQu 4 y iPoreSd OGrudlrstder W 4:l I- Ba ' " Water Quaity SWling Grounrdater -/-, LEGEND:- -V - - AIR- NOISE&SOIL LOCATION ; -~ /j - . . T pt -jj - :. vWATER QUALITY LOCATION . .. ''-'- -' .'ts 4- 1 WILD LIFE V ,. MOVEMENT - r- - ,,, I - - - - * RE-ALIGNMENT LOCATION - omTOITA HIMACHAL PRADESH RODADND ORG NO. mu-u- THE Louis Berger Group, inc.,UsA corulcySetimc ForForFbilityOf1675 OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE Km. ENVIROMENTAL IRGMCUNU. DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION LTD. And D Engini%Gaadiled A- MONITORING LOCATION MP-02 Of 413 K. a Ro UjX* Phi4 (PadoI) UNA - NER CHOWK I limachal State Roads Project FTA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.18 A: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY-UNA-NERCHOWK CORRIDOR AIR QUALITY DATA IN (pG/NM3) STATION NAME IPURSPM CO HCT PB 802 NOx Banni Semi Urban Area 92.89 34.99 1.15 5.68 0.031 0.85 26.89 60 km from Una 51.23 24.29 Nill Nill Nill Nill 43.97 Sunvan lunction 76.11 41.85 1.13 5.38 0.022 0.70 33.51 Nerclhouk Ni junction I 188.99 108.47 1.54 7.850. 0.071 5.07 57.48 EXHIBIT 5.18 B: THE GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THE AIR QUALITY RESULTS 70 g *S0 E]NOxl 60 57.48 50 4-3.9*7 > 40 33.5-1 30 26.89 20 10 0.8500. 0 Banni Semi Urban 60 km from Una Sunvan Junction Nerchouk NH Area Junction Stations 6 5.68 *CO [1HCT oPbb 5 4 3 2 1 1.13 2 Iii < ;| -5°4i O .7 .01 0 0 0 0200.071 0 Banni Semi Urban 60 km from Una Sunvan Junction Nerchouk NH A rea Junction 2iSPM oRSPM 188.99 180 160 >, 140 108.47 :=120 92.89 10 76.11 ~.80 51.23- < 60 - 40 2 4.29 20 Banni Semi Urban 60 km from Una Sunvan Junction Nerchouk NH Area Junction Stations starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project ElL\ for 3 Roads 5.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT and The State environmental report published by the environmental department does not even find to discuss Pradesh. Other mention noise pollution or the legal requirement as a subjecUissue/area for the State of Himachal /deceleration than the constant honking of horns by the drivers of commercial/private vehicles and accelaration noise sounds, there are no other major sources of noise pollution along the project roads that will add to the ambinet State is very low. level. Experience obtained till preparing this report in HP has shown that ambient noise level in the These are The project however has taken up a number of locations to establish bench mark for the EA efforts. and provided in exhibit 5.19 and Refer 5.16 B (map). All silence zones along the project roads has been identified for the silenze tabulated in 5.20 A &B. Since the measured noise level for the typical locations will be applicable zone, no separate noise monitoring was found necessary for the silence zones. EXHIBIT 5.19: AMBIENT NOISE QUALITY MONITORING STATIONS STATION LOCATION/ REASON FOR REMARKS No CHAINAGE SELECTION 1 Nerchouk Major road junction with Urban NH 2 Sunvan or Mundkhar Atypical road junction Representative typical rural road Junction junction 3 62 km from Una to Ner (Pine) Forest Forest area 4 Bani 52 km Semi-urban A typical semi-urban area representing all semi-urban category of built up. 5 Una Major urban centre Soil should be taken just outside the shoulder Close to drainage line 6 Nandapur (km42) Rural -to mark lowest A typical Rural area with very low level level of pollution as a of pollution bench mark, Interpretation of the monitored results 1. Nerchowk isa busy NH-crossing is commercial and station covered under urban area, the traffic load during monitoring was observed as very heavy, this station has exceeded the ambient noise limits. Standards for the Urban area for day time Leq is65 dB (A)and night time Leq is 55 dB (A). The measured Leq Max was 71.1 dB (A)and Leq Min was 57.1 dB (A). This above the limits. 2. Sunvan/Mundkhar Junction. This area iscommercial -cum- residential and traffic load during monitoring was observed as very normal. The measured values are well within the limits. 3. The area is pine forest and the village area isagricultural and traffic load during monitoring was observed very low, hence slight increase inthe limits has been observed inthis particular area. 4. Bani /Samoh isa commercial area and traffic load during monitoring was observed as normal, hence slightl increase inthe upper as well as lower limits has been observed. 5. Una urban area- Since this isa busy urban area, traffic load during monitoring was observed as very high, hence increase inthe prescribed limits has been observed in this area 6. Nandpur isa typical village area with agricultural as the principal land use the measured values are slightly above the limits. During the time of measurement traffic load was low. 1-Timachal State Roads Project ELk for 3 Roads starting from [na town This Lmin : LIO Lna 6:00 38.2 50.6 53.7 60.2 7:00 40.8 55.1 57.5 68.1 8:00 45.2 53.3 55.4 64.2 9:00 47.5 54.0 56.9 64.9 10:00 48.6 54.0 56.5 62.8 11:00 47.1 54.0 52.5 66.4 Agricultural Area 12:00 48.3 56.7 53.4 70.5 13:00 51.1 55.5 52.7 70.1 -Lrrin + Leq L10 Lnax 14:00 48.6 54.1 57.9 60.4 80.0 - 15:00 50.0 56.7 60.5 68.3 70.0 16:00 43.8 52.5 54.5 57.5 60.0 17:00 47.5 53.6 55.6 61.2 18:00 45.3 53.2 56.2 57.9 n 50.0 a i U . 19:00 41.6 51.5 52.1 64.8 40.0 20:00 46.8 53.9 49.5 68.9 a 21:00 47.1 52.8 55.4 62.5 a 300 22:00 47.9 55.1 56.1 66.8 zo 20.0 23:00 47.0 56.1 55.1 68.2 100 0:00 40.6 48.9 48.6 60.9 1:00 41.2 54.5 55.8 69.6 0.0 :: :: :: :: :: :: :: :: 2:00 41.2 50.7 53.8 66.1 3:00 40.0 43.3 43.2 55.3 Time( Hours) 4:00 38.2 44.4 46.2 56.7 5:00 37.2 53.4 46.2 69.8 ______Una CRY jL Thu Lmhi Lmq L10 Lmni 6:00 63.6 70.8 73.4 75.2 7:00 65.7 71.8 74.0 78.8 8:00 66.4 72.0 74.0 75.9 9:00 64.4 70.9 73.2 76.7 10:00 63.6 78.3 83.4 85.4 CoM rrcaa A a 11:00 69.0 78.4 82.9 83.8 12:00 63.6 72.6 75.9 78.2 Lmin Leq L10 *-- Lrmx 13:00 57.2 75.3 78.8 83.4 90.0 14:00 62.3 74.6 78.6 79.6 80.0 . 15:00 65.2 76.5 80.3 83.2 9070.0 16:00 64.2 76.9 79.6 83.4 60.0 . 50oo 17:00 63.2 76.9 79.5 84.9 .0 18:00 63.4 75.2 78.5 81.7 a An 30.0 19:00 62.5 74.2 78.0 82.5 0 Z 20.0 20:00 55.0 69.2 72.2 80.7 10.O 21:00 60.2 63.1 65.5 70.0 O.0 22:00 61.1 64.8 68.2 71.2 ° 0oCooo° o ° o ° CD o° ° o ° o o o o o o o 23:00 61.6 64.1 66.7 68.3 NMC 4mrV 0:00 63.1 65.7 67.6 71.9 TNri (Hours 1:00 64.0 65.9 67.2 70.7 2:00 64.0 67.7 69.8 70.5 3:00 55.2 65.6 68.9 72.5 4:00 59.1 67.6 70.0 75.3 5:00 61.6 70.0 73.2 75.4 I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town TWA LmILn Log I LU Lmm 6:00 34.8 65.0 69.3 76.1 7:00 39.5 68.6 72.5 79.3 8:00 36.7 64.9 69.8 75.6 9:00 35.7 67.5 72.0 80.5 Commercial Area 10:00 50.3 59.3 62.8 68.6 -- L rin -u--Leq L10 Lnax 11:00 43.2 62.8 68.5 72.8 100.0 - 12:00 40.1 63.0 66.5 75.2 90.0 - - - 13:00 35.0 67.7 72.9 78.9 80.0 80.2 .A 70.0 - . w- - 14:00 39.7 68.7 72.5 0) 15:00 39.7 72.7 72.5 88.4 = 60.0 16:00 39.4 67.5 71.9 80.7 50.00 17:00 46.0 67.7 67.9 80.9 c 40.0 o 30.0 18:00 46.0 66.7 67.5 81.9 z 19:00 45.9 60.0 63.9 74.9 20.0 - 20:00 40.6 68.1 69.6 82.1 10.0 - 21:00 39.3 63.5 65.4 76.5 0.0 22:00 40.6 61.9 66.6 72.9 0 ooD $g0oooggggg 0000000 0 0 (.0 PN-CO0 '~-C~) (NN U) Dr':CO- (0 -: C(45 C)0 (N~ (M- L6C 23:00 38.2 59.0 48.7 76.5 Do ) O UC- CNNc' O .N 0:00 36.2 62.3 50.0 76.9 Time (Hours) 1:00 34.9 58.9 47.8 75.0 2:00 38.5 62.9 62.8 77.7 3:00 36.2 65.3 65.4 80.3 4:00 35.1 63.2 68.5 74.4 AgricuIttural Area 63.7 68.5 75.7 5:00 35.4 - Lnin --- Leq L10 - Lnax Kom-70.0 - - 6:00 37.2 43.3 47.6 48.3 7 - - 7:00 39.6 45.7 48.2 49.6 60.0 ___ 8:00 40.6 52.4 55.4 65.5 n 50.0 9:00 46.2 52.5 55.4 56.4 400 __ 10:00 43.1 51.7 56.2 57.2 V 30. 11:00 42.0 48.6 50.2 56.3 o 12:00 42.3 47.6 49.5 53.2 Z 20.0 13:00 41.3 52.3 55.0 62.8 10.0 14:00 40.4 54.5 52.1 68.6 0.0 0 15:00 40.3 51.0 47.2 65.8 000000CD CDCDC D C00 C D00 16:00 39.5 51.6 56.2 61.2 C.0 .. 0-...... CON- .. ..1, .. N.. .. C... .) 17:00 40.6 52.0 56.7 61.9 Time(Hours) 18:00 37.5 45.3 48.2 55.4 19:00 41.2 47.0 49.3 55.9 20:00 40.1 51.8 57.2 61.3 21:00 38.2 41.5 43.2 46.8 22:00 36.2 39.8 41.2 44.2 23:00 35.6 39.0 40.1 44.9 0:00 37.1 39.7 39.6 48.1 1:00 36.2 46.5 50.6 58.9 2:00 36.6 39.2 40.9 42.8 3:00 34.9 44.6 42.4 58.5 4:00 36.2 39.5 41.2 43.8 5:00 35.4 39.5 41.2 44.2 f-limachal State Roads l'roject E1.`\ for 3 Roads starting from L'na town Time Lmn Loqg LIO |Lmex 6:00 39.5 51.6 54.8 58.3 7:00 42.8 56.0 61.0 65.3 8:00 48.2 55.0 57.7 66.4 9:00 48.5 57.9 58.5 72.3 10:00 49.5 56.8 61.2 67.5 11:00 49.6 59.2 64.8 68.4 12:00 49.7 56.7 59.5 66.7 13:00 50.1 54.7 57.6 62.3 Commercial cum Residential Area 14:00 49.2 56.2 60.5 64.2 15:00 50.2 57.3 60.4 68.5 ---Lnin +Leq L10 Lmax 16:00 48.2 57.8 61.2 68.6 80.0 17:00 45.2 56.9 58.6 67.2 70.0 18:00 47.6 55.6 59.2 67.2 -T 60.0 . 19:00 42.8 55.2 60.5 65.3 -e 50.0 in , 20:00 42.8 53.3 56.6 64.0 0 21:00 41.1 56.6 61.2 66.4 4 22:00 39.7 55.6 59.7 69.0 Z 30.0 23:00 36.3 53.0 57.2 63.3 20.0 0:00 35.9 51.2 51.9 64.6 t 10.0 1:00 34.8 46.4 42.5 60.2 0.0 2:00 34.7 44.2 48.1 54.0 - - O - o ------3:00 35.5 49.3 48.3 63.5 R -. = I C- C- oCC C-I C 1. There are 16 silence zones along this project road. Out of this eight are in the left and eight are inleft. Except two hospitals one on each side all are educational institutions. Una-Barsar -Nerchowk 2. There are 41 silence zones along the project road. Out of this 21 are on the LHS and 20 on the RHS. Only one hospital at Nerchowk has been identified along the project road. Una town I limachal State Roads Project Fl.IX for 3 Roads starfing from EXHIBIT 5.20 A: IDENTIFIED SILENCE ZONES ALONG UNA-ROAD NET WORK S No. Chilae ocuionI . LHS RHS 1 6-7 Mehatpur 2 12-13 school 3 13-14 school 4 14-15 school 5 16-17 Una 2 school College 6 23-24 Jhalera school 7 30-31 Dhussada school 8 31-32 Hospital 9 35-36 Hospital 10 37-38 school 11 39-40 school 12 42-43 Nandpur school 13 43-44 school 14 44-45 15 45-46 school 16 47-48 Amb school 17 49-50 Amb - 18 8 8 19 Total 16 EXHIBIT 5.20 (B)UNA-BARSAR-JAHU-NERCHOWK S No CHAINAGE LOCATION TYPE R SOURCE LHS H Rl 1 0-1 Una Town High School - 2 1-2 Behikua 3 3-4 Barnoh 4 4-5 School 5-6 Samoor School School 5 High School 6 18-19 High School 7 20-21 School 8 24-25 School 9 26-27 Colleg 10 30-31 Sarong School 32-33 School 11 High School 12 38-39 School 13 41-42 School 14 48-49 High School 15 50-51 School 16 51-52 Bani School 17 52-53 School 69-70 High School - 18 School 19 70-71 Aghar School 20 71-72 High School 21 72-73 School 22 74-75 High School 23 76-77 Patta School 24 79-80 School 25 80-81 School 26 83-84 Karotha School High School I limachal State Roads Project F11A for 3 Roads starting from Una town S No CHAINAGE LOCATION TYPE RESOURCE LHS RHS 27 84-85 Manoh School 28 87-88 Mundkhar High School 29 88-89 Sulguan 30 89-90 School School 31 91-92 Jahu College 32 92-93 School 33 93-94 High School - 34 101-102 Dhalwan School 35 119-120 School 36 121-122 School 37 122-123 123-124 School 38 High School 39 125 Hospital 40 21 20 Total 41 5.4 BIO ENVIRONMENT This constitute the flora, fauna and ecosystems along the project roads considered in this report. The bio environment constitutes one of the most important element of the conservation requirement of the State. The Himachal Pradesh Development Report published by the planning commision of India7 has recognised the importanace of Environmental protection as provided through out the report. Few important references in the executive summary of the report are; "Himachal Pradesh cannot compromise on its environmental and ecological status which must be protected' on Forestry "Now a holistic approach is required to reduce the dependence of communities on forests directly, by encouraging the use of altematives to fuel wood and timber directly, by encouraging the use of altematives to fuel wood and timber indirectly, by raising the economic status. Mono culture should give way to multiple species culture so as to encourage biodiversity at different levels of Forest Regeneration' and in transport section the report States that; "Road system is totally inadequate to meet the needs of the greatly expanded tourist industry which has to become a dynamic component of the economic development of Himachal. In this context, it is necessary to emphasis the importance of taking adequate care to preserve the environment of this beautiful hill State when constructing the roads" 5.4.1 FLORA Major part of the flora in HP constitIte Forest areas within the purview of Government. Private land holdings are very less and even these private land holdings has the vegetation that has the characterstics of the Forest reserves. 'Forests of Himachal Pradesh are not only on importance for the State, but have also a strong influnece on ecology, climate and bio- resources of the neighbouring States of Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan' (HP Development Report, 2005). The specific details of the various floral characteristics of the three project road corridors considered in this report are provided in exhibit-5.21. - I limachal lradSh DVe10vloment Rcport 2U05, Planning coimmission of India, (;overnictlnt of Inidia. 'Ncxx- Dclhi Flimachal State Roads Project 1I .k for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT-5.21: FLORAL DETAILS OF THE THREE SECTIONS OF PROJECT ROADS CORPID ROAD NIEISwnON SECTONS PRoposED CW FLORA OR No NUMBER V-'WIDTH (M)WrrH 1 Mehatpur-Una 12.200 SH -25 4 laning with 22m Road side trees numbering width 400 2 Una-Amb 32.000 SH-25 4 laning with 22m Road side trees numbering width up to km more than 3000 trees 22.00 3 Una- Barsar-Jahu- 126.270 SH-32 Two laning Both road side trees, Nercgowk private trees and Forest ______reserves 170.47 Mehatpur-Una-Amb corridor The section from Mehatpur-Una-Amb has more than 3000 avenue trees (exhibit 5.22) on both sides coming under the declared protected category. Removal of these trees requires clearance from the MOEF regional office at Chandigarh (Ref: Consultation with DFO at Una). There are 13 platform trees along the sides of this road link. EXHIBIT 5.22: ROAD SIDE TREES MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SL CHDJNAGE LOCATION TREES TREES WrrH PLATFORM No. LHS RHS 1 6-7 Mehatpur - - 4 9-10 9 5 5 10-11 Behdala 35 10 6 11-12 26 7 4 2 7 12-13 19 9 3 - 8 13-14 Rakkar 35 12 1 - 9 14-15 27 21 10 15-16 - 21 8 11 16-17 30 27 1 12 17-18 Una- 4 2 1 14 19-20 - 37 42 15 20-21 12 18 16 21-22 13 1 17 22-23 Jhalera 61 39 18 23-24 Basal 46 52 19 25-26 35 60 22 28-29 66 63 23 29-30 Panoh 62 77 24 30-31 88 62 25 31-32 50 42 26 32-33 25 32 27 33-34 Bahera 6 10 28 34-35 Baruhi 33 41 29 35-36 49 41 FIlimachal State Roads Project FIA for 3 Roads starting from L'na town SL CHAGE LOCATION TREES TREE wrni PLATFORM NO. LHS RHS 30 36-37 75 67 31 37-38 Chururu 61 55 32 38-39 56 54 33 39-40 Takrala 51 50 34 40-41 - 85 92 - - - 35 41-42 Nadapur 87 112 36 42-43 100 77 37 43-44 111 114 38 44-45 125 97 39 45-46 Pacca paroh 47 52 40 46-47 30 12 41 47-48 147 93 42 48-49 85 69 43 49-50 Amb 13 28 - 1594 1665 8 5 Una- Barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk Corridor This section passes through Protected forest areas of both categories i.e, DPF and UPF. These are demarcated protected forests (DPF) and Undemarcated protected forests (UPF) respectively. Specific details are later provided in section 5.4.3. Chainage wise details of the trees along the project road has been counted and provided in the exhibit 5.23. Community protected trees with a platform has been separately provided in the same exhibit. EXHIBIT 5.23: ROAD SIDE TREES UNA- NERCHOWK SL No CHAINAGE ON TREES TREES WTH PLATFORM Lo~LHS RHS 1 0-1 Una Town 35 34 2 1-2 Behikua 32 25 3 2-3 37 39 4 3-4 Barnoh 0 0 5 4-5 19 14 6 5-6 Samoor 9 13 7 6-7 17 8 8 7-8 15 8 9 8-9 6 3 10 9-10 Jogipanga 23 2 10-11 48 7 1 11 12 11-12 21 8 13 12-13 23 12 14 13-14 Khurain 41 17 15 14-15 20 32 16 15-16 51 48 17 16-17 24 8 18 17-18 14 9 19 18-19 10 9 - - - 20 19-20 11 43 21 20-21 28 12 22 21-22 34 43 23 22-23 6 62 24 23-24 24 29 I limachal State Roads Project 1E1\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town LNo !, -- - F . . V | tRAn 25 24-25 21 24 25-26 Dumkhar 12 24 27 26-27 41 17 28 27-28 Bangana 72 38 29 28-29 40 35 30 29-30 61 45 31 30-31 46 35 - 31-32 Dhundla 49 38 1 2 32 33 32-33 42 40 0 34 33-34 47 17 0 35 34-35 43 36 0 36 35-36 12 36 37 36-37 39 38 38 37-38 28 26 39 38-39 17 21 39-40 Lathiani 40 34 1 40 41 40-41 23 26 41-42 12 6 1 0 42 42-43 0 3 1 43 44 43-44 0 6 2 0 45 44-45 0 8 1 0 46 45-46 0 5 0 47 46-47 4 15 0 48 47-48 Barsar 37 20 0 48-49 Mehre 23 33 1 0 49 49-50 25 16 2 -0 50 51 50-51 Bani 9 10 0 0 51-52 19 21 1 1 52 53 52-53 . 36 49 0 0 53-54 56 7 0 3 54 55 54-55 48 39 0 0 56 55-56 Bhumblu 41 9 0 0 56-57 31 6 0 1 57 58 57-58 11 27 0 0 59 58-59 11 94 0 0 60 59-60 Saloni 17 39 0 0 61 60-61 35 1 0 0 62 61-62 16 52 0 0 63 62-63 8 17 0 0 I limachal State Roads Project F.IX for 3 Roads starting from L'na town SL No CHAINAGE LOCATION TREEs TREES wrri PLATFORm LHS RHS 64 63-64 7 17 0 0 65 64-65 4 5 0 0 66 65-66 18 20 0 0 67 66-67 18 20 0 0 68 67-68 Bhota 1 4 0 0 69 68-69 16 6 0 0 70 69-70 7 19 0 0 70-71 Aghar 25 51 0 1 71 72 71-72 45 34 0 0 74 73-74 Bharai 9 4 0 0 75 74-75 7 11 0 0 75-76 13 7 2 0 76 76-77 6 27 1 1 77 78 77-78 Ladrur 23 21 0 0 79 78-79 33 0 0 0 80 79-80 9 15 0 0 81 80-81 6 5 0 0 81-82 18 19 0 1 82 82-83 Tamroh 17 2 2 83 83-84 0 8 0 1 84 85 84-85 8 40 0 0 86 85-86 25 15 0 0 87 86-87 15 1 0 0 87-88 Mundhakar 5 5 0 1 88 89 88-89 8 20 0 0 90 89-90 17 26 0 0 91 90-91 32 28 0 91-92 Jhau 24 34 0 1 92 93 92-93 11 20 0 93-94 62 37 0 1 94 95 94-95 0 0 1 0 95-96 14 7 1 0 96 96-97 13 2 1 0 97 98 97-98 Bhamla 7 10 0 0 99 98-99 0 0 0 0 100 99-100 5 0 0 0 101 100-101 4 10 0 0 104 103-104 1 7 0 0 Flimachal State Roads Project 1'.1A for 3 Roads starting from Una town ULNo QW W -- -.. 110-111 0 9 O 1 112 111-112 Aml holu 6 0 0 0 113 112-113 1 0 0 0 114 113-114 1 0 0 0 115 114-115 0 0 0 0 116 115-116 1 1 0 0 116-117 1 0 1 0 117 117-118 Lakhwan 4 0 0 0 118 119 118-119 5 0 0 0 120 119-120 4 1 0 0 121 120-121 4 8 0 0 121-122 Galma 19 21 2 2 122 123 122-123 3 22 0 0 123-124 17 1 0 1 124 125 124-125 Nerchowk 8 21 0 0 2227 2139 19 21 Total 4366 40 5.4.2 FLORA RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROAD Mehatpur-Una-Amb section is basically a plane area comprising of agriculture and various farming operations with main cultivation being wheat, maize etc. Nevertheless apart from the avenue plantations, there are private tree areas (Private forests) resembling forest sections. Exhibit 5.24 provides details of the main category of flora associated with the project roads. EXHIBIT 5.24: FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROADS Mehatpur-Una-Amb section Eucalyptus,Mango trees, Shisham, Popler, Pipal- all are planted trees most of these are not endemic to the location Una-Barsar-Jahu-Nerchouk Trees :Khair,Sris,Kachar,Semal,Tun,Mango,Behul,Shisham, Ritha, Tut, Bahera & Chil Shrubs:Vitex, Munj, Ber, Dodenea, Bamboo Grasses: Vetiver,Sanchrus, Munjf 5.4.3 FORESTS Details of Forest cover in the PIA districts of Una, Bilaspur, Hamirpur and Mandi are provided in the exhibit-5.25. The Forest cover map of the region is shown in Exhibit 5.26 A and B Out of the above PIA districts Mandi is well forested while Bilaspur has a very low forest coverage. I limachal State Roads Projcct EIA for 3 Roads starting from Uina town EXHIBIT 5.25: DETAILS OF FOREST COVERAGE INTHE PIA DISTRICTS DISTRICT GEOGR 'LEGALLY ACTUAL TOTAL PERCENTAGE APHICA OLASSIFIED DENS OPEN OF L AREA E GEOGRAPHICAL I__ AREA Una 1,540 557 175 220 395 25.66 Bilaspur 1,167 427 101 65 166 14.22 Hamirpur 1,118 249 156 60 216 19.30 Mandi 3,950 2,078 839 462 1,301 32.95 (Source. State Environmental Report, 2000) EXHIBIT 5.26 A: FOREST COVER MAP OF THE REGION (SATELLITE IMAGERY) - JAMMU & KASH&MIR ("M .9 ,,,, -ge&l-' p*. QNA PUbNJAB ; r- ., ; UTTAR PRADESH Himachal State Roads Project I.A for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.26 B: FOREST COVER MAP OF THE REGION A4 5431 of th Limitatnis t>-<- - - , tow>SDensit K tgoz .1- N an No pr has git c -- - - ~- - * 5.4.3.1 Limitations of the study None of the sanctuaries and National parks has good quality standard (with scale) maps that can be used for planning infrastructure projects in Himachal Pradesh. This is the most important vacum for engineers, planners and scientists for sustainable infrastructure development in Himachal Pradesh. For example in the case of Govind sagar sanctuary, It is not very clear the status of the entire water area of the reservoir as part of the Sanctuary. According to the Box 5.1,Gobindsagar Sanctuary enclosed, only part of the water area is sanctuary. In the case of this project, consultant mostly depended on the statement of the forest officials. Ideally all forest resources should have good quality standard maps. [ limachal State Roads Project E1I.\ for 3 Roads starting from L'na town BOX 5.1: Govind Saaar Wildlife Sanctuary Year of establishment: 1974 Year of final Notification: (Section 26 of WPA, 1972): Notification No. FFE-B-F (6)-18/i99 dated 23.10.99. Area: 100 sq km Geographical location: District Bilaspur, 31"14'-31"26'N, 76'26'-76'51 'E; Altitude: 350)to 500m. Climate: Rainfall-: 1,200mm: Temperature:-2 to 45 degree C. Vegetation: Forest types on the periphery of Govind Sagar Include northern dry mixed deciduous forests with bamboos. Reported Fauna: Aorichthys seenghala (Singhara): Chilwa Barilius Bendilisis, Gid Labeo dero, Kuni Labeo dyocheilus. Ticto Puntius ticto, Sarena P. sarana, Gungli Schizothorax richardsonii, Mahseer Tor putilora. Striated babbler, Red Munia, Indian white wagtail. Large pied wagtail, Grey wagtail, Tawny pipit, Indian sand lark, Osprey. Pallas' fishing eagle. Census Figures: Not Available Conservation Issues and Land Use: Govind Sagar provides habitat for several native species of fish and is a wintcr refuge for migratory watertoWell. Local people fish in the lake. Eco-tourism Spots: Govind Sagar Lake, Bhakra Dam site Eco-treks: All along the lake on both sides. Best Period to Visit: October-April. Accommodation: Available: FRH Nangal, PWD Rest House Bilaspur. Circuit House Bilaspur. BBMB Rest House Bhakra Dam, private hotels in Bilaspur. How to reach: By road: From Shimla to Bilaspur (90km) then 1km on foot to sanctuary. Alternatively from Clandigarh to Bilaspur(100km). Nearest Airport: Chandigarh (100 kin), Shimla (90 kin). Contact Offices: Range Forest Officer, sadar Bilaspur, Telephone No. 01978-222919, DFO Bilaspur Telephone No. ( 1 978-224809. "Most of the forests are State owned and private forests are small in extent, but even this has posed problems of protection, as boundaries between private and Government forests are not well defined (State Environmental Report 2000). The forest area abutting the road along the Una -Nerchowk section is provided in the exhibit 5.27. EXHIBIT 5.27: TYPE OF FOREST COVER FROM UNA TO NERCHOWK MOST IMPORTANT I CHAINAGE DETAILS OF ABUTTING FOREST AREA LOCATION KM Harinagar 13-27- 18km almost equally on both sides Lathiani 34-48 14km almost continued on both sides Badsar 39-48 9 km on both sides with some small breaks Bhota 53-68 14km on both sides with small breaks Bharari 72-75 3km on both sides with some small breaks Khalkhar 96-109 1Okm on both sides with some break Nerchowk 112-120 8km on both sides with some break Dominent species of flora in the area are shisham, eucalyptus, kher, dhom, kotman, komal, amla, arjuna and mango trees. There are no legally defined eco-sensitive forest areas with in the PIA of Una-Barsar-Nerchowk road. Nevertheless there are vast areas of private forests and grasslands of visually and ecologically similar to the legally defined forest sections. Since most of these are continuous with legally defined forest sections, in reality flora and faunal contends of these are not different from the natural forest ecosystems. 5.4.4 ENDANGERED FLORA The endangered medicinal and aromatic plants In Himachal Pradesh are provided In the biodiversity impact assessment report. In Himachal Pradesh, the species which is falling under threat category are three types as per the IUCN classification of threatened species. * Critically endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (v) The herb collection by local people is reported to be disturbing the habitat, therby causing a serious concern for the wildlife conservation. Extraction of 'dioscorea' is banned in the State because of its over exploitation. Along the project roadsides none of the listed endangered plants have been identified so far. I limachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 5.4.5 FAUNA AND PROTECTED AREAS The ground studies along the alignment together with stakeholder consultation has revealed considerable wildlife presence along the project roads. Even some parts of the Mehatpur-Una-Amb section could be location of wildlife presence (Ref: consultataion). Population density in the State is very low. Still there is considerable cattle population in the State. Surveys indicated a straight conflict with forestry and wildlife resources along the project roads. The monkey menace and the Leopard menace has been reported (State environment report, 2000) from various parts of the State. These are the visible form of the Forestry/human/traffic conflict. The invisble part are those other faunal groups which are always away from human beings. There are reported damages and crop compensation cases along the Una- Amb section ( refer community consultation). The web pages of Forest department has come out with various incidence of the wildlife human conflict in the State. GOHP regularly pays compensation to the familiies of the victims. Forest department has a team of monkey sterilisation unit with facilities like a tempo van. The wildlife wing of DFFC is paying huge amount of compensation to the victims of animal damage for the loss of domestic animals and human beings. Because of increasing human population and urbanisation, the problem of animal depredation is growing consistently (State of the Environmental Report, 2000). There are few denotification proposals for sanctuary areas like Nainadevi because of the population pressure. The existing net work of protected areas (PA's) in Himachal Pradesh (Exhibit 5.28) has 32 Wildlife sanctuaries (5664 sq.km) and two National parks (1440sqkm) covering a total geographical area of 7,104 sq.km. Willdife is refered to as a heritage of this State (State Environmental Report, 2000). Some species is found only in the western Himalayas. The National forest policy, National consevation strategy and National wildlife Action plan all has emphasised the need for 'integration of biodiversity conservation' with the fulfilment of local communities forest based requirements. A ban on hunting was imposed in 1982 which is still in force and is Stated to be shown favourable results for the wildlife of this State. 5.4.6 COMMONLY FOUND FAUNA The commonly found fauna according to the consultation with the concerned stake holder institutions are; kakkad, pig, dear, sambhar, panther, monkies, leopards, peacock and neelgay. Except few cases no accident has been reported by forest department. The reported cases are that ot monkeys and blue bull. The flora in their habitat are eucalyptus (major species coming along the Una - Amb road) Other than this, poplar, kher, bamboo, bal, saree, baheda, Shishamn, kinnu, japanese toot and desi toot, kikkar, kakkar, sirra Jamun , arjun and pines are also found very commonly. EXHIBIT 5.28: NATIONAL PARKS & SANCTUARIES OF HIMACHAL PRADESH National Parks & Sanctuaries K.g.t*o hHimachal Pradesh * T..d.h \N ALMRMU AND KASHMIR FA-npKK- - p * CHINA(TIBET) v Chg UlTARPNlgaL MrO,,ttHSc < <(toruK* NabDna. P.ot. HIARYANA - In.toHaL I limachal State Roads Project El A for 3 Roads starting from Una towvn 5.4.7 ENDANGERED FAUNA The entire mountain system in the State is considered highly fragile as is the rest of western Himalayas. The list of all endangered fauna is attached in the BIA report prepared as a separate volume of Environmental Impact Assessment.. • Butterflies > Mammals > Birds • Reptiles Physical ground surveys along the project road has (refer plates provided in the impact and consultation chapter) discovered nesting and breeding places of middle egret at two places. Nesting places of mina has been observed at two locations in the small holes created in the mud hills adjoining the project road. Further investigations revealed that there are pigeons, rats etc also inhabited in the holes created in the mud hills. Similarily the marshy areas in the immediate vicinity of the project road are the home for many avifauna including Indian shag. All these features have been covered further in the impact Chapter. Consultation has indicated noticeable wildlife presence whole along the Mehatpur -Una - Amb and also along the Una- Jahu -Nerchowk sections. 5.4.8 BIODIVERSITY The world conservation centre at Cambridge, UK has identified the whole of western Himalya as threatened habitat with the possibility of losing biodiversity of inestimable value (State of the Environment Report , 2000). Forests are major store houses of faunal and floral diversity with about 80 % fauna directly or indirectly associated with these systems. Several ancient sages wrote treatise on herbs and herabl lore of Himachal Pradesh. The first ever seminar to cure ailments of the people was reportedly held in Himachal Pradesh. The reference of the Ramayana8 epic where in the monkey God Hanuman was utterly confused to identify the life saving medicinal plant from the vast variety of plants and finally lifted the entire hillock with all its shrubs also refers to indicate the rich floral heritage of this State. If the God himself is confused after seeing the diverse kind of flora, then no other reference or description is required to indicate the biodiversity of this Himalayan State. Research has indicated that even with this kind of history, the State has not done adequate home work to preserve and protect the medicinal trees and herbs of the State. While no scientfic and systematic inventory is available on the current status of medicinal and aromatic plants-quantity, quality and generartion under natural conditions.-yet, a fair amount of information has been generated by various workers during the past couple of decades ( State of the Environment Report , 2000). The social dimension of the biodiversity concerns are of primarily medicinal in nature. This is evident from the following reference from the WWF-India publication supported by National Medicinal plants Board. "The mountainous State of HP with an altitude range varying from 300 m to over 7000m above mean sea level (subtropical, temperate, subalpine zone) is endowed with rich floral diversity. Out of a total of 3500 plant species reported, more than 800 species are used for medicinal purpose across the State. Reduction and fragmentation of habitat and wrong practices of harvesting has put some of the important medicinal plants to the risk of extinction. 60 medicinal plant species in the State have been assessed as red listed: 12 species as critically endangered, 21 as endangered and 27 are Vulnerable" A list of commonly found floral species has been provided in the separately annexed bio diversity impact assessment report.. A list of medicinal plants found in the region is also provided in the BIA report. These details were collected from the Himalayan Research Institute established by the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) Government of India, located at Shimla. The endangered flora and fauna are provided in the separately bound Biodiversity Impact Assessment report (BIA) report.. The major core ecosystems/habitat that supports biodiversity are provided in the Exhibit -5.29. I Iindu Iiidia. epic Ramavana writtcn bhy Valmecki Miaharshi Flimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.29: MAJOR ECOSYSTEMS THAT SUPPORTS BIODIVERSITY ALONG THE UNA ROAD NET WORK Mehatpur-Una-Amb Private forests isan Soan River which is None Soan Reservoir along extension of natural perennial River Soan LHS of the Forests Mehatpur-Una Una -Barsar Nerchowk Demarcated& un- None Rewalsar lake Govind Sagar reservoir demarcated/private Near Bangana, forests with floral and Lathinay, and Barsar faunal diversity Importance of each Floral & Faunal store habitat for birds, fishes habitat for birds, fishes habitat for birds, fishes category of ecosystem house with 80 % fauna and aquatic life and aquatic life. and aquatic life. directly and or indirectly associated with these. In addition to the various categories of forests there are few reservoirs and natural water bodies which are treasure houses of faunal and floral diversity. The Rewalsar lake is situated within the PIA of the project road about 4-5 km at the nearest spot. Govind sagar reservoir is very close to the project road (refer section 5.4.3.1 limitations of the study). The plate 5.5 is view from the project road. Plate 5.6 is the protected forest areas along both sides of the project road. PLATE 5.5: PANORAMIC VEW OF GOVIND SAGAR FROM PROJECT ROAD KM 44.00 0 1/01/20 06 IHlimachal State Roads Project E.l for 3 Roads starting from lUna town PLATE 5.6: DENSE FOREST ON BOTH SIDES OF THE PROJECT ROAD KM 46.00 The faunal diversity of HP has been largely influenced by its unique geographical position. This part of the Himachal region is third richer habitat for insects together with eastern Himalayas and Rain forests of south India. About 4360 known species of Insects are estimated to exist in HP (State of Environmental report, 2000). About 250 species of butterflies are found in HP and out of these 56 Species are protected under the Indian Wildlife (protection) Act, 19729 Seen species are considered as endangered and included in the schedule of the Act (Table 8 of the act). Non-insect invertebrates constitute 12.1 % fauna of HP. The mammalian diversity is much higher at generic level. Of a total of 135 genera of land mammals in India, 55 occur inHP. As many as 52 species (67.5%) are at risk and protected under the Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Out of these 17 species are highly endangered and included in the schedule 1 of the Act (Table 9). All species of large mammals (32 species) in HP are threatened. A total of 447 species of birds (36.4 % of Indian birds) have been reported from the State. Five species to Pheasants are highly endangered and include under the Schedule one of Wildlife Protection Act. Some endangered hunting birds are also included under the Act. Out of the 44 species of lizards, two species are endangered (Common Indian monitor and Yellow monitor). People of HP generally do not kill snakes because of religious sanctity attached to it thereby helping conservation of these creatures. Rock python is classified as highly endangered and protected under Schedule 1 of the wildlife Act. More over exports of snakes and their products are banned in India. Out of population of few species seen HP (lakes & rivers) the population of turtle species Lissemys panctata classified as endangered has declined considerably and therefore listed in the Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act. As many as 17 Species of amphibians are reported from HP. All species of the Rana, the predominant amphibian diversity inthe area, are included inthe schedule IVof Indian Wildlife Protection Act. Most of the fishes seen in the area are endemic to HP. They are distinctive in possessing special features for survival in torrential streams and rivers. 5.4.9 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS The project roads considered in this report are legally not sensitive but in reality they are sensitive natural forests with rich flora and fauna (Refer Chapter on consultation). A sensitivity analysis of the project roads as per the September 14,, 2006 MOEF gazette notification is provided inexhibit 5.30. "Indiani WNildlife Protcction Act, 1972 f-Iimachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.30: SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT ROADS AS PER THE SEPTEMBER 1410,2006 MOEF GAZETTE NOTIFICATION PARKS & ROAONAERAIDSEFoRESfT AREAs AND SANCWUES BNMRONMENTAL O NO ROD LAND USE REST Lmo INTHE PIA INPIA ASSESSMBrT ASOeINE SENSITYn ______sy M OEF Mehatpur-Una- Mainly agricultural, Built Declared Protected None Not sensitive Amb up, private Forests Forest Areas 2 Una -Barsar- Forests areas and Protected Forests of None Not sensitive Jahu agricultural areas Demarcated & Un demarcated A refernce to the section on bio-diversity and the presence of diverse flora and fauna in forest areas do classify all these Protected Forests as eco-sensitive. The percentages of threatened mammals in this highly fragile area are comparatively much higher. All species of pheasants, occurring in HP are at risk because of habitat loss and hunting. Freshwater and soil fauna are under tremendous stress due to organic and chemical pollution of ponds, streams and wetlands. The situation is fast deteriorating due to indiscriminate spray of highly toxic insecticides in Orchards, and agricultural fields' (State environment report, 2000). 5.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT 5.5.1 SURFACE WATER There are not many perinnial surface water bodies along the project roads. Compared to the Una-Nerhowk road there are numerous seasonal small rivers/stream and nallas cutting across the Mehatpur-Una-Amb project road. Most of the bridge locations are a place of garabage dumping along the river bed along Una -Amb. At Jahu along Una- Nerchowk a similar situation of garbage dumping along the river bed exists. Details of the surface water bodies along the three project roads are provided in exhibit 5.31. EXHIBIT -5.31 : SURFACE WATER RESOURCES WITHIN THE PROJECT INFLUENCED AREA (PIA) 2.1 MEHATPUR -UNA ROAD SL. NAME OF THE CHAINAGE CROSSING / DISTANCE FROM PERENNIAL No SURFACE WATER PARALLEL THE PROJECT ROAD /SEASONAL BODY IF PARELLEL MEHATPUR-UNA SECTION 1 Une di Khad 11.3 Crossing Seasonal 2 Bore Wali Khad 11.9 Crossing Do 3 No name 13.4 Do 4 Close to 16.9 Do (Una No name) UNA- AMB SECTION 1 Khurd di khad 19.78 Crossing Do 2 Raisari Khad 22.93 Crossing Do 3 Barera Khad 24.98 Crossing Do 5 Gubri Khad 31.35 Parallel LHS crossing 100-300 m (LHS) Do Parallel RHS 25-200 m(RHS) parallel distance 4250 m 6 Garni Khad 39.54 Parallel & crossing 100-1 000 m Do Parallel distance 4757 m 7 Panjoa Ki Khad 41.07 Crossing - Do 8 Ambwali Khad 46.50 Parallel &crossing 100-600 m Do I limalchal State Roads Project MlA for 3 Roads starting from lTna town Parallel distance 2250 m UNA -NER CHOWK SECTION SL. NAME OF THE ICHAINAGE CROSSING DISTANCE FROM PERENNIAL No SURFACE WATER PARALLEL THE PROJECT ROAD /SEASONAL BODY IF PARELLEL 1 Kotle di Khad 1.49 Crossing Do 2 Ainolli di Khad 2.28 Crossing Do 3 Khurd di Khad 5.35 Parallel (LHS) 100-500 m Do & Crossing Parallel distance 7000 m 4 Take wali Khad 13.94 Parallell (LHS) 50-200 m Do Parallel distance 650 m 5 Lunkhar di Khad 26.1 Parallell (LHS) 100-500 m parallel Do & Crossing distance 3000 m 6 Sarhyali Khad 53.5 Parallel (RHS) 200-750 m parallel Do distance 2250 m 7 Bamblu Khad 56.8 Crossing Do 8 Sukar Khad 64.4 Parallel (RHS) 50-100 m parallel Do distance 1250 m 9 Kuriah Khad 68.9 Crossing -- Do 10 Sanaii Khad 88.5 Parallel (RHS) 150-550 m do Crossing 50-200 m & Parallel (LHS) Parallel distance 2750 m 11 Ratti Khad 1.20 from Nerchowk Crossing 5.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE All three project roads considered in the report lies in the Sutlej basin as shown in exhibit 5.32. The project road is marked in thick blue line. Sutlej river systems covers an area of 30.69 % of the total geographical area of the State. Underlying lithological structure, automatically plays a very important role in the drainage pattern of the State. River Sutlej is fed largely by the snow fall in the upper reaches. The Kalpa village area located in upper reaches receives highest snow fall in the whole State. Prior to entering the Punjab plain, it cuts a gorge in Naina Devi Dhar. Govind sagar rservoir was constructed across the gorge near the village Bhakrab in the district of Bilaspur. -limachal State Roads Project 1 IA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.32: DRAINAGE IN THE REGION The drainage pattern along the project road Mehatpur-Una-Amb is parellel indicating alluvial lose soil beneath the surface. In this case, river Soan is flowing on the right hand side (RHS) and all rivers are running parallel and joins the river. EXHIBIT 5.33: ANALYSIS OF BRIDGES AND CROSS DRAINAGE (CD) STRUCTURES LENGTH No OF DENBrry PER NO OF (KM_) CuLvEOrrs KM ABU Mehatpur -Una 12 16 1.3 4 Una-Amb 38 18 0.47 11 Una- Nerchowk 126 370 2.93 15 176 464 30 crossing the Project road. Therefore there are numerous bridges and culverts along the project road. Part of the Govindsagar reservoir is loacted with in the Project Influenced area of the road. Drainage provisions are provided based on the natural drainage facilities already available. Drainage along and across are poor leading to ponding and flooding of road surface for a prolonged time . Exhibit 5.33 provides an analysis of the existing road cross dranage facilities. Same exhibit also provides the total number of bridges along the project road. 5.5.3 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES Drinking water sources along Mehatpur- Una- Amb are mainly from the shallow water table aquifers tapped largely by the shallow tubewells/ filter point (FP) wells. These wells are shallow tube wells of 7-8m deep tapping water table aquifer costing approximately Rs 10,000/- per well. A dozen artesian wells (two identified close to the road) are also said to have placed near Nandpur area towards Amb town. There are two intermontane valleys in the Project Influneced Area (PIA) where there is substantial groundwater exists. One is named as 'Una valley' (453 sq.km) along the alluvial formation of Solan River and one at Mandi Bahl valley (95 sq.km). Location of intermontane valleys in the Himachal Pradesh is provided in Chapter 7 section 7.5.310. Valley fill deposits occur between the lesser himalyan ranges and the outer most Shiwalik foot hills forming the Una Valley (Exhibit 5.34). Bahl valley is located in the I(,Manual on groundwater development and tube wclls in I limaclhal Pradesh, 1992 IFlimachal State Roads Project ElIA for 3 Roads starting from LUna town Mandi district. The valley is drained by the Suketi river. Deep tube wells although very costly could yield substantial quantity of potable quality groundwater. EXHIBIT 5.34: GROUND WATER SCENARIO ALONG THE PROJECT ROAD DOT= -ouND AVERAGEUANAL UTI Ai RE0Wo DRAFTr I1N6 (MGM) WA.I E*MW REC>URE I ( 1111111131l Una Una valley (453 94.18 75.34 34.4 sq. km) Mandi Bahl valley 95sq .km 28.67 22.93 4.55 5.5.4 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE Unlike plane areas, in the hilly terrains, the subsurface drainage often intersects the surface and manifest as springs and seepages. By definition, Springs are concentrated discharge of groundwater appearing at the surface as a constant flow of water. Springs are an important source of drinking water in the entire Himachal Pradesh. Depending up on the discharge, the spring water is also being used by the local communities for localised water supply (LWS) schemes meeting the drinking water requirements of a section of the community in a village or town area. Springs of higher discharge could be the source of irrigation water too. Over a period of time most of the springs have been developed in to a full fledged drinking water source (Plate 5.7) . PLATE 5.7: A FULY DEVELOPED SPRING NEAR THE END OF THE UNA- NER CHOWK KM 113.5 44. 28/04/2006 Springs in this part of the country has been developed scientifically in various (Plate 5.7 a fully developed spring) ways for collection and protection from contamination. Some of these are observed to be still not safe from the drinking water point of view as there were domestic animals and stray dogs crossing over the water sump for drinking. 5.5.5 WATER QUALITY Water quality of the surface water and groundwater has been monitored. Data will be incorporated as and when it is available. Both surface and ground water quality in the region is good. Almost all rivers, streams and nallas across the project roads are seasonal. Exhibit 5.35 A,B C & D provides the details of water quality analysis. I limachal State Roads Project L1 \ for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.35 (A): DETAILS OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS11 MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB -Ndpuru ._ N. PPu Gaml Tlna bbrdge Enviror -K6 IM Artlan WWl (Dep Ground n *i . RIlr pH 7.85 7.83 6.69 D.O. (mg/1) 7.7 7.8 7.9 BOD(g/)0 0 0 Total suspended solids (mg/i) 0 0 0 Total solids (mg/) 313 232 176 Electrical conductivity 0.23 0.43 0.14 Oil& grease ppm 0 0 0 Total coliforms (MPN/I) 0 0 3.6 This is based on the 2001 data Ilimachal State Roads Project ElIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.35 (B): GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS1 MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB *Totalsuspendedsolids(mg/I) ETotalsolids mg/I) 30il&grease(mg/I) 350 313 300 250 232 :200 *761 i 150 3. 100 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nandpur Panoh G.rniTakralabridge Stations MpH *DO(rng/1) 080D(mg/l) [3Electricalcoriductivity(mMho/cm) 785 77 7.83 7.8 7.9 7 6.69 8 - 6 -_ - h4 25 - -- .3 31 2 1 0 0.23, 0 A3. -i 0 Nandpur Panoh CarniTakralabridge Stations Totalcoiffrrrs(rMPr4lOOnli 3.6 3. 2 - * 2 ,l15l 0.5 0 0 Nandrpr Panlh Gar n Takralabridge Stati ons fElimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.35 (C): DETAILS OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS12 UNA-NERCHOWK pH _ 7_3_ 76c 8.2 7.44 811 7.6 D.O. (mg/1) 7.8 8 I 7._ 7.7 E BOD (mg/I) 0 0 ( C 0 C Total suspended solids (mg/1) 0 0 ( C 0 C Total solids (mg/I) 103 140 14' 207 181 391 Electrical conductivity (mg/A) 0.21 0.27 0.2 0.41 0.35 0.71 Oil& grease (ppm) 0 C ( 0 C C Total coliforms (MPN/I) 0 3.6C 2_ C 3.6 EXHIBIT 5.35 (D): GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF WATER QUALITY ANALYSIS UNA-NERCHOWK *DO-1g/1 OBOD-Dm DE-lLc,11-d- I-lynmohI/m- 1- 70 76 81 73 .7 8-31 7- Bal,Bh-vd, Dhl-aw. Km87 Ka La Km(S Hs22) Lalh-a B,,dg, 2 A - - rlaolasLc)enee do iizg/hl ET.,, soIdsmg/ E30,OI&g--heT g/1) 4 - -3 10 0 .7 30 430 400acalolsSNPN/10I I0 o - 0 0 0 3oo BarBh-d, DII, K 87 K. . KmS3ISH322) LIhi B dge W230 Sttnisatb 0the 2()01 data i 101 30 0 0 1 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0ap BBh-~d Dh,lm~ K,117 K,lk,, Kr5,,33Hi22, 1LI i,n, B, dIge Stations "f*0iso1i t61 is ?0I1100tabased Flimachal State Roads Project El,-J for 3 Roads starting from U'na town The water quality parameters that have been tested are pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) inmg/I, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) inmg/l and Suspended Solids in mg/I. Electrical conductivity The impacted typical water bodies are rivers, streams, nallas etc of a given project road. Unless otherwise specified, one sample per typical water body per road is the criteria used for the sampling strategy adopted. Interpretation of the monitoring results pH in all the samples are neutral in nature for Mehatpur-Amb but for Una- Nerchowk it is more alkalne in Character Disolved oxygen is normal in natural environment There is no BOD loading in all the samples that means clean natural water in all the locations with lots of DO. Total dissolved solids are high for both the roads, Mehatpur -Amb: This is relatively high in deep groundwater (Artesian well) and less for shallow water-table aquifer.(wells) and even less for river- water Una-Nerchowk.: The relationship is true except for the Govind sagar reservoir where it is high as it receives water continously increasing the TDS over a period of time. More over the the Ninadevi deep gorge(deep ground water) also contributes considerable TDS. There are no suspended solids in any of the samples for both the roads. There is no oil and grease present in any of the samples. This indicate very less traffic and related sources (e.g. Auotomobile Workshops) Only at Garani tarkala some insignificant quantity of colifirms were detected for Mehatpur-Amb. But this is detected in same degree for three sampls for Una- Nerchowk. These small quantities are mainly due to organist waste by ntaural means or by dumping. 5.5.6 DRINKING WATER SOURCES Drinking water characteristics of the three project roads also varies significantly. In the case of Mehatpur-Una-Amb, the major drinking water sources are filter point wells, dug wells, artesian wells ( Exhibit 5.36). Hardly any borewell/tubwell fitted with hand pump could be seen along this alignment. The water table is very shallow in nature. In the case of the Una -Nerchowk road, springs and hand pumps are the dominating source of water as provided in exhibit 5.37. EXHIBIT 5.36: DRINKING WATER RESOURCES ALONG MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SLNO. OW IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII_ TYPE_ RESOuJRCE 1 6-7 Mehatpur Public water supply Public water supply 2 7-8 Public water supply 3 8-9 Just outside the Public water supply Public water supply corridor on rhs 4 9-10 Public water supply 5 10-11 Just outside the Public water supply Public water supply corridor on rhs 6 11-12 Public water supply 7 12-13 Public water supply 8 13-14 Public water supply Public water supply 10 15-16 Public water supply F1nimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 11 16-17 Just outside the Localised water supply Public water supply corridor on Ihs 1 2-2 - - 2wel 12 19-20 Public water supply Public water supply 13 21-22 Public water supply 14 23-24 Well 15 25-26 2 wells 16 26-27 1 public water supply Public water supply 1 hand pump 17 27-28 Public water supply 18 28-29 Wells 19 30-31 Public water supply 20 31-32 Public water supply 21 32-33 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 22 34-35 Public water supply Public water supply -23 35-36 Public water supply Public water supply 24 36-37 Public water supply Hand pump 25 38-39 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 26 39-40 Public water supply Wells 27 40-41 Public water supply Hand pump 28 41-42 Hand pump Hand pump 29 42-43 Just outside the Wells corridor on lhs 30 43-44 Public water supply Wells Wells Hand pump 31 44-45 Mehatpur Hand pump Public water supply 32 47-48 Wells Public water supply 33 49-50 - Public water supply Public water supply EXHIBIT 5.37: DRINKING WATER RESOURCES UNA- NERCHOWK .1', W--. - - - [tI. 3 = , ir-wrF l-. .. .. ,.r 1 0-1 Una town Hand pump (hand pump) Well 2 1-2 Behikua Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump Hand pump 3 2-3 Public water supply Public water supply 4 3-4 Barnoh Public water supply Hand pump Well Public water supply 5 4-5 Public water supply 6 5-6 Samoor Public water supply 7 6-7 Wells (Well) Public water supply 8 7-8 Public water supply 9 10-11 Public water supply Public water supply 10 11-12 Public water supply 11 13-14 Khurain Hand pump Public water supply 12 14-15 Public water supply Hand pump Public water supply 13 17-18 Public water supply Flimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 14 18-19 Public water supply 15 19-20 Public water supply Hand pump 16 20-21 Hand pump 17 21-22 Harinagar Hand pump Well 18 22-23 Hand pump 19 24-25 Spring (Spring Water) 20 25-26 Dumkhar Public water supply Hand pump 21 26-27 Public water supply 22 27-28 Bangana Hand pump Public water supply Public water supply Well 23 28-29 Public water supply Well Hand pump 24 31-32 Dundla Public water supply Public water supply Well 25 32-33 Public water supply Hand pump 26 33-34 Public water supply 27 34-35 Public water supply Hand pump 2 Well Public water supply 28 36-37 Public water supply Public water supply 29 38-39 Hand pump Public water supply 30 39-40 Public water supply 31 40-41 Public water supply Public water supply 32 41-42 Public water supply 33 43-44 Public water supply 34 47-48 Barsar Public water supply Hand pump 35 48-49 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 36 49-50 Mehre Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 37 50-51 Public water supply Hand pump 38 51-52 Hand pump 2 public water supply 39 52-53 Public water supply Public water supply Well Hand pump 40 53-54 Public water supply 42 54-55 Public water supply Public water supply 43 55-56 Hand pump Public water supply .- 44 57-58 Public water supply Hand pump 45 58-59 Public water supply 46 59-60 Saloni Public water supply Hand pump Hand pump 47 60-61 Public water supply Hand pump 48 61-62 49 62-63 Public water supply Public water supply 50 63-64 Public water supply 51 64-65 52 65-66 Public water supply Public water supply 53 66-67 Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 54 67-68 Bhota Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 55 68-69 Hand pump 56 69-70 Hand pump Hand pump 57 70-71 Aghar Hand pump 58 71-72 Public water supply Public water supply 59 72-73 Hand pump 60 73-74 Public water supply 61 74-75 2 public water supply Hand pump 62 75-76 Public water supply Public water supply 2 hand pump 63 76-77 Patta Public water supply Hand pump Hand pump 64 77-78 Public water supply Hand pump 65 78-79 Ladrour Public water supply Bhp 66 79-80 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 67 80-81 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 68 81-82 Hand pump Public water supply 69 82-83 Hand pump 70 83-84 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 71 84-85 Manoh Public water supply Hand pump 72 85-86 73 86-87 Public water supply Public water supply 74 87-88 Mundkhar Hand pump 75 88-89 Public water supply Hand pump 76 89-90 Public water supply Public water supply Well 77 90-91 Public water supply 78 91-92 Jhahu 79 92-93 Public water supply Public water supply 80 93-94 Public water supply Hand pump Well 81 94-95 Public water supply 82 95-96 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump Hand pump 83 96-97 84 97-98 Public water supply 85 98-99 Public water supply 86 99-100 87 100-101 88 101-102 Dhalwan Hand pump 89 102-103 Public water supply Spring Water 90 103-104 Public water supply 91 104-105 92 105-106 Public water supply Public water supply 93 106-107 94 107-108 Spring Water Public water supply Ilihmachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from LUna town 95 108-109 Spring Water 96 109-110 Spring Water 97 110-111 Hand pump Public water supply 98 111-112 Spring Water Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 99 112-113 Spring Water 100 113-114 101 114-115 Public water supply Public water supply Hand pump 102 115-116 Spring Water 103 116-117 Spring Water Hand pump 104 117-118 105 118-119 Spring Water Hand pump 106 119-120 Public water supply Public water supply Spring Water 107 120-121 Public water supply Spring Water 108 121-122 Public water supply Public water supply 109 122-123 Hand pump Public water supply 110 123-124 Public water supply Hand pump Well 111 124-125 Public water supply Well Hand pump 112 125-126 Nerchowk Public water supply Hand pump 5.5.7 FLOODS The Mehatpur Una-Amb section is a flood prone region. A major flood occurance has been reported recently during 1996. Some section of the project road along Una -Amb has been eroded away. Later gabbion walls were constructed along the sides of the project road at many places. This is observed to be completely inadequate as the embank height in these locations are still almost in the same level of the agricultural areas on both sides. As described in Chapter 5, river Soan is often called 'river of sorrow' only because of the flood characteristics. 5.6 SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT In this section, land use, health and safety, culture, Archaeology, monuments,lndustries and Tourism and pilgrimage are discussed. 5.6.1 LAND USE The land use along this corridor is of mixed nature including agriculture, commercial and commercial cum residential (Exhibit 5.38). The land use at Una, Mehtapur and Jhalera is mostly commercial cum residential with sixteen (16) religious structures falling in the impact zone on the entire length of road. The entire section is predominantly in plane terrain with elevation ranging from 366 to 476 meters. There are three major townships/settlements viz. Mehatpur, Una and Amb. In addition to this, there are four settlements covering road length >1 Kms, four settlements between 1.000 Km and 0.5000 Km and two others <0.500 Kms. In the case of Una to Nerchowk PIA regions is largely covered by demarcated protected forest (DPF) and Undemarcated protected forests (UDF). Neverthless agricultural areas and built up areas are also seen at many locations. Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.38: LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROAD Mehatpur-Una Mehatpur-Built up Rest are Mainly agricultural and private Difficulty to identify the status agricultural and private Forests of the forests which are said forests to be under Private ownership Una-Amb Una and Amb are major Agricultural is main with lots do settlements-Built up area of forest areas Under private ownership Una-Jahu-Nerchowk Built up areas Agricultural and Mainly forests of various do Forested areas category 5.6.2 AGRICULTURE Mehatpur -Una-Amb section is the only part of Himachal located in the plains (Punjab plains). Most of the land area is being utilised here for intense cultivation. There are paddy, maize, sugar cane etc, cultivated intermittently. Since there is no water scarcity along this alignmnet Ithe area is used for intensive cultivation. Along Una -Nerchowk also the same type of farming operations are seen but in a very low scale. 5.6.3 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT There are a dozen isolated industries along the project road especially from Mehatpur-Una- Amb road. Although locally some of these industries are highly polluting, less number of industrial establishments is still an advanatage for the region. No industries have been identified/located along the Una- Jahu- Nerchowk road. Exhibit 5.39 is the Industries in the immediate vicinity of the project road. EXHIBIT 5.39: LAND USE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROAD Mehatput -Una-Amb Distillery Mehatpur Water pollution Brick klin 4 Nos (9-10) (10-11)(28-29) - (13)&(47-48) Una-Nerchowk Except a crusher at Jahu none None noticed River is generally dry noticed 5.6.4 HUMAN HEALTH AD SAFETY Road safety has been a biggest concern along the the speed corridors. The project road linking Mehatapur Una - Amb has already recorded high accident rates. Exhibit 5.40 shows the existing parking areas along Una-Amb road. Exhbit 5.41 shows the existing trend of Municipal solid waste disposal areas along the project road. These are to be shifted from the road carriage way. EXHIBIT 5.40: PARKING AREAS MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB -2 [ - ' t J;- i .;-3'-;I'it-' 1 6-7 Mehatpur Parking Parking 2 17-18 Parking Parking 3 18-19 -UNA Parking Parking 4 22-23 Parking 5 30-31 Parking 6 34-35 Parking 7 38-39 Parking 8 49-50 Parking Parking IHlimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 5.41: SOLID WASTES DISPOSAL AREAS MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB 1 6-7 Mehatpur 2 16-17 solid waste 3 18-19 Una solid waste 4 30-31 solid waste 5 32-33 solid waste 6 34-35 solid waste 7 35-36 solid waste 8 49-50 Amb solid waste Except in the river bed at Jahu, no other solid waste disposal areas have been identified along the Una -Jahu Nerchowk road. 5.6.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL STRUCTURES/CULTURAL PROPERTY AND MONUMENTS The Killa bedi sahib Gurudwara13 of Una along Mehatpur- Una road section on the left hand side (LHS) of cut section located at about 100m on the hill top is 17 the centuary structure established by a great personality of the sikh faith. Una is the home of famous Bedi Familiy , whose ancestor Baba Kaladharai, a discendent of Guru Nanak settled here. Large number of devotees gathered here to listen to Baba Kaladhariis discourse on the holy Guru Granth Sahib.(Plate 5.8). PLATE 5.8: 17 TH CENTURY GURUDWARA AT UNA KM 17.500 On the left hand side bottom of the cut section, a huge RCC structure constructed prevents any major vibrations from this side to transmitts to the structure Exhibit 5.42 is the list of sixteen (16) chainage wise list of religious structures falling in the impact zone on the Mehatpur-Una-Amb length of road. Exhibit 5.43 is the list of 79 chainage wise cultural/religious properties along Una -Nerchowk. Distance of these religious and cultural properties from the centre line of the exitisng road significantly. varies EXHIBIT 5.42: RELIGIOUS PROPERTIES ALONG MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB LMM o|uam LiAI - - -- ____LHS RHYS 1 6-7 Mehatpur 2 7-8 Gurudwara 3 8-9 Gurudwara Brief histor- of patriarch of sikh raj Sri I lazur babasahib singh ji bedi EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Project 5 10-11 Shrine 6 11-12 Temple 7 12-13 Temple 8 15-16 Gurudwara 9 16-17 . Temple Temple 10 19-20 - 21-22 2 Temple 11 Shrine 22-23 Temple 12 13 25-26 Temple 14 33-34 Shrine 15 41-42 Nandpur - Shrine 16 44-45 17 47-48 Amb Temple 18 Total 7 9 EXHIBIT 5.43: RELIGIOUS PROPERTIES ALONG UNA- NERCHOWK l 0-l Una Town. 2 1-2 Behikua Teml 3 3-4 Barnoh .Temple 4 5-6 Samoor .Temple 5 6-7 Temple 12-13 Temple Radha swami ashram 6 Shrine 14-15 Temple 7 -Shrine 8 17-18 Temple 9 18-19 Shrine 10 22-23 Shrine 25-26 Dumkhar Temple 11 12 26-27 Temple 13 27-28 Bangana Shrine Temple 29-30 Radha swami ashram 14 Temple 30-31 Temple 15 Shrine 16 31-32 Temple Temple 17 34-35 Temple 18 39-40 Lathiani Shrine-i M Radha swami ashram 19 40-41 Shrine Shrine 20 43-44 Temple 21 45-46 Temple 48-49 Shrine 22 Temple 23 49-50 Mehre Temple 24 50-51 Temple ashram 25 51-52 Bani Radha swami 26 52-53 27 53-54 Temple 28 54-55 Shrine I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 29 55-56 Temple 30 56-57 31 Temple 67-68 Bhota Temple-1 M 32 68-69 33 69-70 Shrine-1 M Temple 34 70-71 Aghar Shrine-2 M Temple 35 71-72 Temple- 2 M 36 72-73 Shrine Temple 37 73-74 74-75 Temple 38 Shrine 77-78 Temple-30 M 39 Temple-8 M 40 78-79 Ladrour 41 79-80 Shrine 42 80-81 Temple 81-82 43 Shrine Shrine-3 M 44 82-83 Tamroh Temple 45 83-84 Shrine 46 84-85 Temple 85-86 Temple 47 Shrine 48 86-87 Shrine 49 87-88 Mundkhar Shrine 50 91-92 Jahu Temple-0.5 M Shrine 51 92-93 52 93-94 Temple 53 94-95 54 95-96 Temple Temple 55 105-106 Temple 56 106-107 Radha swami ashram 57 110-111 Shrine 58 111-112 Shrine Temple-30 M 59 115-116 60 Shrine 117-118 Temple-2 M 61 118-119 62 119-120 Temple Temple 63 120-121 Temple-30 M 64 125-126 Nerchowk 42 37 5.6.6 TOURISM/PILGRIMAGE Tourism/pilgrimage sector is one of the few most important sectors directly related to the rapid economic progress the State. Basic requirement for this is of accdient free connectivity for safe access to these locations. present the Una-Amb road However at and Una -Nerchowk road does not have major tourist 'Govind sagar' significance. The major reservoir located along the Una-Barsar section of Una -Nerchowk important road is however not developed as an tourist location. Although this has the major touristic potential along with its scenic back ground; the area has not been developed. There are few important pilgrimage sites along the Project roads. All these tabulated and provided in Exhibit 5.44. details are EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town IHimachal State Roads Project AREAS ALONG THE PROJECT ROADS EXHIBIT 5.44: IMPORTANT PILGRIMAGE AND TOURSIT Una is aSikh Other than beautiful avenue plantation and Mehatpur-Una-Amb None other Pilgrimage site travelling along a plain terrain, it has no significance kms) and Govind Sagar (3- Govind Sagar Rawalsar isa major Rawalsar (10 Una-barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk Close from the Project reservoir pilgrimage area equally 5kms) are very for Hindus/sikhs and roads ._ Budhists 5.6.7 TRANSPORT the State of Himachal Pradesh. Whenever aftempted, it was There is no comprehensive transport policy prepared for report (GOI, 2005) mentinoed that 'It is felt that a not seen in the proper perspective. Himachal Pradesh development sector development is crucial for a State like HP proper analysis of this sector is not being attempted'.Transport revenue for the overall economic development. Fast and where in Tourism is seen as an important source of State also crucial for the economic growth of the State. efficient movement of Horticulture produce ( e.g. apple) is Roads and highways developments are the most important Road development is most important for the sector. waterways. There are National highways, border roads, promise of the State compared to railways, airways and State. At present Central Road fund (CRF) schems, PMGSY State highways and other arterial and rural roads in the negleced road sector of Himachal pradesh. and NABARD schemes are a promise to the otherwise can be seen as a financial and planning asistance from World Bank therefore The HP State roads project with economic to provide a comprehensive package for the over all dream project of the State that has the potential of horticulture development also require efficient movement development of the State. Apart from the tourism, the possible time. horticulture produce to the far away areas within the shortest via Nerchowk) point to north (Amb), south (Mehatpur) and east ( to Mandi The road network with Una as the nodal of the project that will positively contribute to the growth considered in this report is part of the World Bank Trannsport sector in this part of Himachal pradesh. FHimachal State Roads Project ELk for 3 Roads startig from Una town 6 STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATIONS AND PLANNING Stake holder consultation and participation with various stake holders is an integral social impact assessment and part of the environmental and management process (plate 6.1 to 6.4). include; The stake holders of a project like this Affected communities (on either side of the project road), Institutional stake holders such as PCB, local bodies, water resources department, environmental geology department, Forest department etc. department, mining and PLATE 6.1 ONE TO ONE MEETING WITH WOMEN STAKE HOLDERS KM 6.5 -WE PLATE 6.2: CONSULTATION WITH PRADHAN AT UNA NEAR RLY STATION KM 1.00 town ETAN for 3 Roads starting from UAna IHimachal State Roads Project WITH STUDENTS UNA AMB KM 38.0 PLATE 6.3: ONE TO ONE MEETING rP , ,i -- .4 .- 4.' 1ca - F ' ; 3 4~ Hi-Wi '~~4 Flimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from UTna town Consultations at micro-level (e.g. project level along the road) and macro-level (e.g. DistrictState consultations) is to help the level institutional planners to integrate the short term and long regional and National terms requirements of the local, State, goals in to the planning process. The State, the legislations National and regional goals are generally set and policies in the various human actions by by controlling or limiting the activities in order nullify the adverse impact generated by infrastructrure to reduce and projects like roads and highways. The does not limit itself into just the quality of a road design engineering requirements of the product but should the process, product integrate the quality assurance in and services as well. In that process, the benefits multipy many acrued due to the project implementation fold and the general appreciation from all sections of the socitey would be largely vibrant positive. In this project, an all out effort has been made to involve local institutions in to process. Although local institutions the project preparation/planning are the smallest administrative and planning impact due to the air/water/noise unit that will have to suffer the direct pollution and loss of productive land and buildings, these units are largely accidents and safety issues, neglected and rarely consulted. As a result, witness the during the last couple of years, planners could occurance of significant conflicts with local communities implemented in many road projects that has been recently in the country. In normal EA process, local institutions have been largely neglected. In this all out effort has been made to contact village respect, an pradhans and muncipal office bearers to and suggestions. Since the debris/excess record their views/opinions material disposal being one of the most early consultations itself important issue in the project, has focussed on the availability of suitable communities were land reserves for debris disposal. Local in general glad that they have been consulted magnitude. for a major road construction project of this 6.1 DISSEMINATION MATERIAL As an international good practice, a summary of the project (Appendix materails 6.1) has been made from the available project of the PWD such as Terms of reference prepared Study for the consultants and also from the Strategic (SOS) reports that has been provided to the consultants. Option During the meetings, the project team usually explains the various components of the project prior to obtaining their concerns and and its implementation, issues, where ever required, consultants has as a dissemination material. provided a summary of the project So far this summary has been distributed to over 250 engineering staff of the State institutions at State and Regional PWD and almost all stake holder level. In some cases the soft copy of the provided ( for example Summary as a word document has been for the State Geologist in the industrial department). Since the State Council for Science and Technology & Environment and the Himalayan Forest were interested to understand the bio-engineering Reasearch Institutes aspects of the project, the consultants the Bio engineering concepts has distributed a copy of in PDF format. In additions to this, all consulted of the project summary. DFOs were also provided with a copy 6.2 TYPE OF CONSULTATIONS Various types of consultations so far carried out during the investigations include; > One to one meetings with affected communities ( Plate 6.1 & 6.3) > Focus group meetings with a group or section of communities ( Plate 6.4) Consultation with stakeholder institutions > at project level ( e.g. Panchayat pradhans Plate 6.2) > at State level ( e.g. Chief Wildlife warden) One to one meetings are generally held with a few members of local communities. These focus on one or more specific issues consultations sometimes for example flood problem in a given section possible such type of consultations of the project road. Where ever are generally held with informed people. the local communities Informed people are those members of who in their past had a thorough expereience knowledge and has geographic, political and general about the country and requirements of the communities. EIA for 3 Roads starring from Una town Himachal State Roads Project with a good with a sample section of the community usually Focus group meetings are usually conducted about the Such meetings usually provide substantial information representation from the affected communities. community concerns. etc) and also at at project level (e.g. DFOs, Forest Range Officer Further stake holder institutions were consulted State level (Wildlife warden, WWF State officer etc). CONSULTATIONS 6.3 FORMAL AND INFORMAL LOCAL a part of the project preparation. Minutes of informal consultations have been carried out as A number of formal and DFOs are crucial to implement important formal meetings. Since meetings with meetings have been prepared for all (Appendix 6.2). The have been minuted and attached as appendices the forest regulations, all meetings with DFOs at a given with officials to undersand the institutional concerns informal consultations are usually held informally road. specific location for example a section of the project STAKE HOLDERS 6.4 IDENTIFICATION OF THE INSTITUTIONAL consultations are also provided are provided in the exhibit 6.1. The status of these Identified stake holder institutions praise worthy while other received from some of the departments are in the exhibit. The general cooperation project. However a initially rejected any idea of cooperation with the departments such as wildlife department has to address the has enabled the projct authorities to consult and of leadership/guard in the wildlife department is change and the overall biodiversity concerns of the project issues. lncidently in this project, the forest, wildlife, project level project. Therefore such non cooperation the construction and operational phase of the of very high magnitude during team for positive and timely Project authorities and also the World Bank were appropriately informed to the of different sectors encourage the dialogue between the departments interfernce. This section has been provided to of the project. for meeting the sustainable development objectives STAKE AND SUPPORT RECEIVED FROM INSTITUTIONAL EXHIBIT 6.1: INSTITUTIONAL COORDINATION HOLDER INSTITUTIONS Go Una Satisfactory Panchayaths at Local level Good State Pollution Control Board (PCB) Satisfactory Himalayan Research institute ( MOEF) Very Good at later stages Stages) Wildlife Wing at State level Poor initial Good Industries (for Mining and Geology) Good Archaeology at State level State Tourism Poor Good Horticulture at State level Good State council for Science Technology and Environment at state level Satisfactory Central Water commission (CWC) PARTICIPATION 6.5 OFFICIAL CONSULTATIONS AND exhibit -6.2. carried out with many agencies as shown in the Institutional stake holder consultation has been Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 6.2: DETAILS OF THE INSTITUTIONAL STAKE HOLDER CONSULTATION Member Secretary, State Dr. R.K Sood Various aspects of Clearance requirements council for Science Joint Member have been discussed for infrastructure projects. State environmental Technology and Secretary report 2000 provided. State Environmental clearance discussed. A Environment. April 27,2006 copy of the State environmental B-34, SDA complex, policy provided. Kasumpti, Shimia. Member Secretary, State Mr Vasudeva, IFS Several meetings Pollution Control held with PCB. Various components of Board were explained the project to the PCB and sought the involvement inthe by way of environmental project monitoring of ambient air, water, noise and soil quality. During the end July PCB has withdrawn from the involvement. DFO at Una Mr Ashok Kumar Mr Somal has stated that the roadside Somal plantations require a formal approval from the forest department as March 6,2006 it belongs to the category of DFO at declared forests. Sundernagar Two attempts were made to meet but could not due DFO Hamirpur Mr Sanjay sood to non-availability. Forest range officer Do at Mr Chiranji Lal Common Wild Khorai animals in his range are kakkad, pig, dear, sambhar, March 8,2006 panther, monkies and leopards. No case of accident has been reported because of wildlife though wild animals have been increased .Peacock and peahen also exists. Plants are sheesham, eucalyptus, kher, dhom, kotman, komal, amla, Arjuna and mango trees. Forest range officer at Mr.Birbal Wild animals Bangana in his range are sambhar, peacock, pig, Neelgay, March 9,2006 monkies, panthers and leopard. No accident has been taken place because of wild life. Eucalyptus is major species coming along this road. Other trees are kher, bamboo, bal, baheda and pines are there. Forest range officer at Mr.Tilak Raj, Barsar March 10,2006 Himalayan Research Mr Surendra Director informed that most of Institute (MOEF) Conifer Kumar, the land in the State actually belongs to IFS forest reserves. Therefore Government campus , Pathaghati , Director, of Himachal Pradesh needs to free all required land holdings from the Shimla, PIN 171009 April 27, 2006 Legal implications relating to forest and wildlife. Chief Wildlife Warden Mr K.K. Gupta April Completely Forest Head Quarters, denied and violently rejected any access to discuss 27, 2006, concerns relating wildlife Shimia to project therefore no discussion has taken with place do any wildlife officials in Shimla on this aspect. Mr Tandon Had detailed discussion with Chief wildlife warden and prepared August10, 2006 minutes of meeting- a Mainly focussed on the sectoral conflicts between the road sector and the Forestry do Mr Vinay tendon and wildlife sector Minutes of meeting available. Had a final conclusive August 30, 2006 meeting with the Chief wildlife warden with programme Project Director, Mr R.K Sood, IFS, to proceed. HP Forest Sectror Reforms project is Forest HO at Shimla, (Also HP CCF), to implement the community participation in forest conservation HP Forest sector Reforms April 27,2006 measures. project Engineer Mr M.L. Shrama Mr Sharma has provided all contact Forest Head quarters Engineers, addresses and details of the Forest department Shimla April 27, 2006 in the State. World Wide Fund (WWF) for Ms Vandana She has explained the activities of nature -New Shimia Thaplyal, the WWF- India inthe State and State extended all cooperation for the Director project. At present awareness programmes are the prime focus July 2006 of this International NGO. Department of Industries and Mr. Arun Sharma, The department has extended all cooperation for the implementation of town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una 1fimachal State Roads Project for the establishment the project. Department has provided guidelines Mining Geologists Dr. part of Himachal The State geologist stated that the new H.R. Dandi, K.C. of Crushers. Una, river bed mining regulations, this include Katoch-Geologist isfree from the Hamirpur, Bilaspur etc. July 2006 the following roads the meeting, Director suggested to include Director of During of view. Directorate of Horticulture and importance form Horticulture point Horticulture based on the revenue These suggested road are: Mr. C.R.Sharma July 2006 Rampur-Nogli-Taklech-Sungri-Bali-Samarkhot-Rohroo. Bali-Khadrala-Baagi-Narkanda Narkanda -Jalortikkeri-Nankarai-Jolda Rohroo-Dodrakwar Chamba-Badabhangal Badabangal Joginder nagar-Jathingri-Multan-Badagaoan, monuments, structure etc. Provided State and central list of protected Archaeology July 2006 in this report. no specific monuments along the roads discussed handed over and informed 2006 Project summary Tourism Department August a major part relatively important as this sector provides horticulture department can be considered Consultation with suggested including six more roads in the of the department of horticulture has in fact of the State revenue. Director suggestions for roadside facilities or in the exhibit 6.2. There were no specific World Bank project as provided consultations. prodcuce but promised to contact for further parking and transportation of horticulture 6.6 PROJECT SPECIFIC CONSULTATIONS 6.6 shows the tabulated in the exhibit 6.3. Plate 6.5 & projects specific consultations have been Details of various road. The plates 6.7 to 6.9 shows the sessions along the project road Mehatpur-Una-Amb consultation sessions suggestions/ issues and concerns were road. During these consultations specific along the Una-Jahu-Nerchowk specific meetings were carried out by and stake holders. As a whole 63 project sought from the local communities survey team. consultations were held by the social impact the environmental team and another 60 36.00 WITH A DOCTOR UNA- AMB ROAD KM PLATE 6.5 ONE TO ONE MEETING rI / o. N,-i,.'vr -- ~I %k,L K '1 - 1limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town PLATE 6.6 FOCUSS GROUP MEETING AT UNA AMB KM 38 AA -AA PLATE 6.8 CONSULTAION ALONG UNA -NERCHOWK Km 38 town EIA for 3 Roads starring from Una Himachal State Roads Project ANGANVADI TEACHERS KM 30 PLATE 6.9 CONSULTATION WITH LEVEL CONSULTATION HELD EXHIBIT 6.3: SUMMARY OF THE PROJECT 41 100 Ua -Mehatpur-Amb & One to one 200 Focus Group discussion 15 Una-jahu-Nerchowk 11 55 For total project Institutional 355 Total 67 pradhans along the project officers were consulted. Most of the Panchayat Along the project road five forest range were left out. Inalmost pradhans were not available for consultations road were consulted. Only those cases where the consultation with three persons attended. Inmost of the cases all one to one meetings there were on an average issue discussed local people. Debris disposal was the most improtant pradhans were also attended by one or more the three project sites were already identified by the team along with the panchayath pradhans. Over all ten dumping roads. the Una road netwrok, Una for almost all forestry related issues along 200ovde In addition to the consultations with wDFO Groupden ofnede using the response of the Un-au-ecowou level consultations and the issues raised and were 28 consultation sessions. Community there n s ln h rjc in exhibit 6.4. cnsuled. ost f th Partnc haya prdesi project team has beenAlongehe tabluatedfierojet foest rod ange fficrs wre nams wee no avalab efrcnsuttosweelfdutOF THE PROJECT roadOly ere tose cnsuled. cses here radhnsLEVEL ISSUES AND THE RESPONSE EXHIBIT 6.43ANALYSIS OF THE COMMUNITY desins beakes adPtrrticofgnlthesW -Mehatpur-Aneeded.andrumMarc4Unausbay10,2.Povie sped t Iimachal State Roads Project EIL for 3 Roads starfing from Una town I-d,V 7.4, D4 - t 711W'.a - March 6. Need bypass for town area. 9,2006-08-29 Not considered 7. Provide Safety measures Bangana Part of the design 8. Relocate Public water supply on the new road PWS will be relocated 9. Provide Speed breakers intown area. Rumple strips will be provided 10. An increase in traffic in Dec to May due to Design will help for better festival at the famous shrine Traffic Baba Balaknath management during which is 20 km away from main road at Barsar. Maintenance 11. is not part of the project There should be well maintenance of the road Bani March 12. Widen the road with bypass provision in the * Rehabilitation 10,2006 bazaar area project bypass provisions are avoided due to land and terrain Amreda conditions 13. Dispensary should be shifted March 09, * If impacted dispensary will be shifted 2006 Aghar 14. Provide Safety measures for children during March 11, * Will be provided near schools construction (50 students in the Anganavady) 2006 Do 15. Provide resettlement provision adjacent to * Provided land project road is available * Difficult to save 16. Avoid my building one building along in a as we have done lots of work design to maintain and improve Do 17. Provide footpath * Only in built up areas and near schools 18. Widen both sides (concentric widening) * CW is the main option taken 19. Straighten all blind curves * Most of the curves will be straitened 20. Compensation should be provided but to the actual depends on the cost PAP at market rate. * Yes this is considered 21. Need clarification for a rumour that building * This is wrong cut of date which prior to 1965 will is generally the get compensation and survey data those after 1965 won't get any compensation. 22. * Message passed over to higher officials Patwaries (revenue officials) should be deputed from other districts. Otherwise local patwaries misuses their official powers for favouring their relatives. Arniala 23. What will be the compensation? proper * Replacement value 24. Want to resolve monkey menace * Measures will March 08 25. Want to resolve be taken Wild pigs menace * Do ,2006 26. Widen the road * Part of the design Ajniii 27. Road condition very bad and needs widening. March 08 * Part of the project ,2006 Kadohta 28. Maintenance of road is essential * Not part of this March 12, 29. Provide drainage project 2006 * Provided 30. Do not widen the road * Cannot be accepted 31. Provide Bypass for congested areas. * Not considered 32. Resolve water rehabilitation project scarcity issue * Done 33. Identify construction debris disposal sites Samurkalan 34. Conserve Forest wildlife exists March inthis area, i.e., * Isbeing considered 08 leopard, pig, sambar, banku, kakkad, monkeys * Provided in built .2006 35. Provide footpath up areas * Existing will be replaced 36. Provide new check post March 08, 37. construct divided carriage * only for Mehatpur 2006-08-29 38. Provide safety to Jhalera measures for accident-prone * safety Momyar, area. is an important component * all existing will be 39. Provide Rain shelter replaced * not considered 40. Provide three more rain shelters in this area. * Environmental conservation is taken care EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Project the of 41. Protect forest 40% reserves adjacent to * EMP will be implemented to reduce project road about hardship 42. Hardship of people during widening * Jogipanga sites will be explored 43. Waste should be disposed off properly (sites * Will be provided available near jogipanga). want 44. Jogipanga is religious place. So they also arch type direction board on road rain shelter * Will be considered Lower Arniala 45. Provide Bus bay with March 08, 2006 * Part of the project 46. Road should be widened Lower Arneli * Junction will be improved 47. Accident prone area at Railway Junction March 8, 2006 * Will be considered 48. Proper designing of Railway Junction * Done 49. Bus Bay should be provided * Lalsinghi ghat will be explored 50. Provide safe debris disposal site 2 km * No separate duct considered 51. Available near Spring Wateran river about away from road and near Lalsingi ghat. 52. Shifting of Utilities should be carefully looked after /during construction. For utilities, separate duct should be provided. * Will be done 53. Improve road condition Kotla March 8, * Will be done 54. Footpath should be provided at raised level. 2006 * Will be considered 55. Bus stop should be shifted from busy area. Jogipanga March * EMP will be implemented 56. Dust, nuisance is more here and must be 8, 2006 * Not considered yet prevented. * Will be considered 57. Provide Traffic lights at points where students * Not yet considered cross the road. 58. Provide green noise barrier 59. Provide bus stops at khurai, kuwadi, samoor, jogipanga & baul. area * Part of the design 60. Provide safety measures at accident prone Samoorkalan * Safety part of the design March 8, 2006 (294 students) 61. Provide adequate safety measures bus stop should be shifted from school area * Considered 62. Road must be widened. Harinagar March8, * No bypass but alignment will be Provide bypass intown area. Already no proper 2006 63. straightened alignment inexisting road. * Considered 64. Provide Hand Pump on new road. * Will be done 9, 65. Widen Road and bridge Dumkhar March area * Safety is part of the design 66. Provide safety measures to accident prone 2006 * Purpose of the project 67. Remove road congestion * Part of the design 68. Provide footpath in market area. sheds. * Will be provided 69. Provide bus bays along with bus waiting road * CPR plan will be prepared 70. Save the temple at 26km chainage during * Replacement value will be considered construction. 71. Provide good compensation to affected people * Safety is patr of the design 72. Provide safety measures at Accident-prone Tikkar March1 1, * Safety is part of the design area due to high population on both sides. 2006 * Considered 73. Speed breakers, zebra crossings, caution * Considered ( special for Una town) signboards and warning signals should be * Part of EMP provided * Part of EMP 74. Improve drainage system * Part of the design 75. Provide provision for cattle cross 76. Construction water should be from legitimate area without affecting the local people. 77. Plan for proper waste disposal (sites available in this panchayat). 78. Provide parking bays and bus waiting sheds * Part of the design Widen the road (4km in his panchayat. Tanoh MarchlO, 79. of the design measures for accident prone * Part 2006 80. Provide safety Iflimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town . . .-...... area near school 81. * Is being explored Take construction water from legitimate sources only * Part of EMP * Considered 82. Dispose off all wastes decently 83. Bus bays and Rain shelter should be provided. Tanoh March 10, 84. Waste material should be used 2006 For * EMP will be implemented development of land Tanoh March 10, 85. Resettlement issue (whether 2006 govt. will help * R&R policy of affected or not). Govt will be implemented Dhalwan March 86. Provide safety measures for 13, 2206 congested area, so * Part of design teachers help students to cross the road. * Will be considered 87. Footpath with railings must be provided. * Safety measures part of design 88. Provide signboards and speed Ladirur March12, breakers 89. Provide noise barrier for Noise 2006 problem. * EMP will be implemented 90. Provide footpaths accident occurs here * Not yet considered 91. Provide safety measures r safety of children. * To 92. Provide be considered Sign boards, speed breakers should be provided near schools Kotla March 8, 93. Road should be widened 2006 * Part of the 94. Footpath needed project * Isto be considered Jahu March13, 95. Footpath should be provided. 2006 96. * Is to be considered Speed breakers and school sign boards must provided * Safety is par t of the design * Do 97. Zebra crossings should also be provided. . do 98. Parking infront of the school must be Patta March 12, avoided 99. Needs road widening but 2006 it should be done * Being considered without affecting buildings because most of the * R&R policy will be village people are poor. implemented * Will minimise impact 100. Any how if affected than compensation at the * Carefully considered rate of market value should be given. * EMP will be implemented 101. Most of the people do not have large area of * Not yet looked into land, so where they will go if their land is acquired. 102. There is water scarcity for construction purpose. 103. There should be proper disposal of wastes (sites available). 104. Bus stand, parking area and footpath must be provided in patta market area. Patta March 12, 105. Needs road widening but it should 2006 be done * Will minimise impacts without affecting buildings. * R&R policy will be implemented 106. Provide good compensation for the affected * Safety is part of 107. Accident-prone area design due to high population on * Awareness both sides. and consultation is being 108. taken up Provide warning so that people can construct houses away from the roads. 109. By pass needed in built up area. Kalkhor March13, 110. Road congested. So it is accident-prone 2006 area. * Safety is par of the design 111. There are road jams frequently. * This will be 112. Forestland and eased private property along the * roadside. Will minimise the impacts * EMP will be implemented 113. Monkeys come to the road. * Not considered 114. Cattle cross the road. * Part of the design 115. Road needs to be widened. * Will be considered 116. Bus waiting shed and footpath should be * provided. Part of the design 117. Retaining walls should be provided with guard EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Elimachal State Roads Project stones on valley side. * To be considered 118. Flood prone area. Malangad provided * Safety is part of the project 119. School along the road side should be March10, 2006 * Will be carefully looked in to with footpath and bus bay in * Emp will be implemented 120. Water scarcity for construction purpose summer. 121. No land available for disposal during construction (2 km). * Safety part of the design 122. Accident-prone areas in his panchayat Dhundla March 1O, * Part of the project 123. Road neads to be widened. 2006 * Isto be considered 124. Busbay should be provided at dhundla. * Safety is part of the road design 125. Cattle come to the road so safety measures * To consider should be provided. * Legitimate source will be located 126. Parking issue. in 127. Water scarcity for construction purpose summer. 128. There should disposal of wastes (site available 1km far away from the road). - * Safety is part of the design 129. Widen and provide adequate safety measures Dhalwan March12, * RAP will be implemented accidents occurs frequently 2006 * Part of design 130. Encroachments must be demolished. * To be considered 131. Blind curves must be straightened. 132. Bus bay and parking must be provided. in his * Will be improved 133. Condition of the road is very poor (3 km Bangana March * Will be improved panchayat). 10, 2006 * Safety considered 134. Drainage should be proper. * All local requirements considered 135. Provide safety measures for accident-prone * To be considered area. must * Safety part of the design 136. Divided carriage way and pedestrian lane * Will take from legitimate sources be provided. Bangana * Emp will be implemented 137. Bus stand should be provided out side bazaar. 138. Safety measures should be provided for schools existing along roadsides. 139. Water scarcity for construction purpose. near 140. Dispose off waste material (sites available govt. hospital) properly * Safety is part of road design 141. Heavy traffic issue- provide safety measures Palu March * Part of the project 142. Road must be widened. 11,2006 * To consider 143. Footpath must be provided * Part of the road design 144. Drainage must be provided. * Part of the project 145. Road should be widened. Nerchowk March * Considered 146. Drainage should be provided. 13, 2006 * Considered 147. Road surface should be very good. * Considered 148. Blind curves should be straightened. value * R&R policy will be implemented 149. Compensation at the rate of the market should be provided to the affected. R policy will be implemented at the rate of the market value * R& Nerchowk March 150. Compensation provided to the affected. 13, 2006 should be the * To considered 151. Footpath should be given (strength of Kalkhar March 13, * To consider school is 93). 2006 the 152. Boundary wall should be provided around school * Will be improved 153. Road surface is invery poor condition. Manoh March 12, * Part of the project 154. Road also needs widening. 2006 * Safety is part of road design 155. Traffic signals, streetlight, pedestrian crossings * Not inthe scope of the project should be provided at junctions. Himachal State Roads Project ELA for 3 Roads startng from LIna town ?- ot 156. At school police personals should Malther March bepsd 13, 157. Road is very much congested 2006 and is accident- * Safety prone area. is part of the design * Not considered 158. Two lane divided carriage due to less traffic way needed. * Based 159. There should on safety requirements be separate lane for two * wheelers. To consider 160. * Part of road design Footpath, bus waiting shed and parapet walls must be provided. 161. Drainage should be provided Maldhed on the both sides March 13, 162. Road is very much congested and is accident- * Safety 2006 prone area. is part of road design * Not considered 163. Two lane divided due to less traffic and land carriage way needed. requirements 164. There should be separate lane for two * Based wheelers. on Safety consideration 165. * Part of road design Footpath, bus waiting shed and parapet walls must be provided. 166. Drainage should be provided on both sides Lathiani March 10, 167. There should be provision of 2006 speed breakers * Road safety near (strength of the school schools will be is 165). considered 168. Pedestrian lane should be provided. * To consider 169. Signboards should be on the road to indicate * Part of road the school nearby. design * To consider 170. Boundary wall of 2 feet height is needed. Lathiani March 10. 171. Accidents occur frequently in 2006 her panchayat. * Safety is part of 172. By pass needed for the road design Lathiani town. * Not considered 173. Compensation at the rate of market value * R&R should policy will be implemented be provided to affected people in this project. * Will minimise impacts 174. * EMP is to be prepared Width of the road should be restricted at town area. 175. There should be proper disposal of wastes. Lathiani March 10, 176. Accident-prone area. 2006 * Safety is 177. Parking issue. part of road design * Considered to the extent possible Lathiani March 10, 178. Footpath should be provided. 2006 * Provided in 179. Bus bays and built up areas bus waiting shed should be * provided. Provided * Safety part is 180. Accident-prone area. taken care of * Safety is part of road 181. Safety measures should design be adopted near the * Not yet considered school and traffic rules should be strictly adopted. 182. Separate ducts should be provided for utilities. Patta March 12, 183. Road is congested and accidents 2006 occur * Safety is part frequently, so should of the road design be widened. * considered 184. Footpath, bus bays should be provided in patta * Considered market. * Considered 185, Parking issue. inthe design 186. Drainage system should be improved. Saloni March 11, 187. Parking bays and bus 2006 bays needed * Considered 188. Road should be widened * Considered 189. Accidents occur frequently * Safety is part of road design Karohta March 12, 190. Accident history 2006 * Safety is part of 191. Road should be 2 road design laned * Considered 192. Drainage should be provided . Considered 193. For encroachers PWD should taken action * immediately RAP will be implemented * EMP will be prepared 194, Water scarcity is very severe here * Cannot 195. Alignment should consider only through private be diverted through vacant lands EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project * RAP will be implemented lands. school site will be used for should be paid before * Labdraur 196. Compensation disposal area construction work. * Will take at least 3 to 4 years 197. For disposal of construction wastes land available near Ladinur School. 10. Road should be immediately built. cannot * Will be widened 198. Road is very congested. Two vehicles Kalkhar March 13, * Safety is part of the design pass. 2006 * RAP will be prepared 199. Accidents occur frequently. the * To consider 200. Government as well as private land along * Part of road design roadside. * Junction will be improved 201. Footpath and busbay should be provided. 202. Junction at Kalkhar needs to be improved. 203. Drainage should be provided in new road * Considered 204. Traffic is more in this road Jharlog March12, * Considered 205. Road should be widened 2006 * Considered 206. Blind curves should be smoothened * R&R policy will be implemented 207. Compensation should be provided at market * Part of road design rate for buildings and land affecting footpath, * EMP is to prepare 208. For congested areas, bypasses, for * Ladrur school ground will be utilised parking bays, busbays must be provided debris disposal 209. Water scarcity exists here. is * EMP will be prepared 210. For disposal of construction wastes land available near ladrur school ground. 211. Water scarcity exists * Considered 212. Landslide occurs during rainy season. Jeerahi March 11, * Considered to the extent possible 213. Parking issue. 2006 * Considered 214. Bus bays and bus waiting sheds needed. * Considered 215. Single lane bridges must be widened. * RAP will be implemented 216. Compensation at the rate of market values should be provided * Safety is part of the design 217. Accidents occur frequently. Jahu March 12, * Part of design 218. Road should be widened. 2006 * Part of design 219. Junction should be made properly. the new * Considered inUrban areas 220. Pedestrian lane should be provided in Dhogi March 11, * Considered in Urban areas road. 2006 the 221. Speed breakers must be provided near school - the * R&R policy will be implemented for along the roadside is private and people Chhoproklan 222. Land project if the road is widened but they March 12, 2006 will be happy should be compensated at the rate of market value. * Drainage part of design During rainy season water enters on the road Bhumblu March 223. Part of design must be provided on both sides. * 11, 2006 so drainage 224. Road surface should be made smooth the * Will minimise impacts 225. Road must be widened without affecting Bhumblu March11, * Considered buildings. 2006 * To be considered 226. Traffic is more here. and slow * To be considered 227. Lane must be provided for pedestrians * To be considered moving vehicles. on both sides 228. Bus bays should be provided design are * Safety is part of the road 229. Very much congested road traffic jams Bhota March 11, * RAP will be implemented frequent in Bhota bazaar. in to 2006 been * Bypass proposal will be looked 230. In this area, no acquisition of land has of * Noise will be reduced after construction done so far. stand the road 231. We have suggested a by pass from bus to Narayan nagar in 1989 but HPPWD did not accept this proposal. This proposal should be looked after. Flimachal State Roads Project EL\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town - i5ZiSI n..l -; ...... 232. There is a severe noise problem here. Barsar March 10, 233. Accident-prone area. 2006 * Safety is part 234. Road should be widened. of the road design * Part of the project 235. Parking bays must be provided. * considered 236. Junction with Bilaspur road should be improved. * considered 237. Footpath should be provided. There should be adequate compensation for affected people Barsar March 10, 238. Drainage issue 2006 * Will be resolved 239. Footpath should be provided * Provided in built up areas 240. Traffic signals should be there on the road. * safety is part 241. Public comfort stations of the road design should be provided on * Dropped the road. due to maintenance difficulty * Safety is part of the design 242. There should be speed breakers in town area. * R& R policy 243. Compensation issue will be implemented Bani March 10, 244. Road in this area needs widening. 2006 * Part of the design 245. Accident-prone area. * Safety is part 246. There should be footpath of design on the road. * considered 247. Bus bay and bus for built up areas waiting should be there. * 248. Boundary Considered wall should be provided infront of the school. * Noise barrier will be constructed * Land required 249. Land can be provided if needed. Karohtha March 250. Footpath should be provided 10,2006 * Considered for built 251. Speed breakers must be up areas provided near schools. * Safety is 252. Footpath is necessary. part of design 253. Caution * In built up areas provided boards, zebra crossings, should be provided. * Safety is part of the road design * Noise barriers considered 5. Noise barriers should be provided. Manoh March12, 254, Accident prone area 2006 * Safety is part 255. Railings should be of design provided to present entry of * Safety children into part is well taken care of road. * 256. Speed Safety is an integral part of the design breakers, caution boards should be provided. * Noise barriers considered 257. Noise pollution is excessive Noise barriers needed. 6.6.1 Summary of the project specific consultations During the consultations specific suggestions/ issues stake and concerns were sought from the local holders. This is summarised inthe exhibit 6.5. communities and Due to the presence of forest along most of the roads the environmental forest range officers. team carried out meetings with most As explained in the earlier sections, most of the were consulted. Only of the Panchayat pradhans along the project those cases where pradhans were not available roads one to one meetings for consultations were left out. Inalmost there were on an average three persons attended. all pradhans were also attended Inmost of the cases, the consultation with by one or more local people. Debris disposal with the panchayath pradhans. was the most important issue discussed EXHIBIT 6.5: SUMMARY OF THE ISSUES RAISED DURING THE CONSULTATIONS |Main issues raised during project siteclfic consultaffon Provision for new parking areas Reatinaing walls Public comfort station Breast walls EIl\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project Foot path Rain sheltor Speed breakers Bus bays Sighn boards Bypasses and realignments Crash barriers/parapet Drainage Dust control Street lights be paid to the PAPs users Proper compensation should Road should be more safe for the road for many Water for Constrution is not available Road side tree planting roads-consider alternatives corrdir Boundary wall to separate from the traffic Wildlife presence in many corrdors for schools zones Monkey menace Provision for Noise reduction for silenece Tree should be planted Affected temples should be properly compensated Minimise tree cutting Develop valley view locations October 2006) ( Source: Environmental Screening report, analysed and few typical samples held along the project roads have been Details of the corridor wise consultations have been tabulated in the exhibit 6.4. Meeting with Forest and wildlife officials Local community level were surfaced in almost all consultations. issues relating to forest, wildlife and bio-diversity project. The in the type and nature of impact due to the consultations with forest officials were similar consultations and the minutes of meetings. The team had Forest officers (DFOs) were recorded as As a strategy all meetings with Divisional be met due to their at Sundernagar and Hamirpur could not of meetings with the DFO at Una. DFO several round DFO at Sundernagar. Minutes of meeting A project summary was provided to the unavailability for consultations. several times to under stand the an Appendix-6.2. DFO at Una was consulted (MOM) with DFO at Una is attached as that includes Una - Nerchowk also. various requirements of the entire project 6.6.1 CONSULTATION WITH DFOs HP are declared Protected Forests. Informed that all trees located along the roadsides in Provided a copy of the Notification conservation Act Need to apply for Clearances under Forest DFO At Una road sides were discussed Flora and fauna along the PIA and along the along the sides need to be protected Breeding and nesting ground of Cattle egrets Minutes of meeting attached as Appendix-6.2 CHIEF WILDLIFE WARDEN 6.6.2 CONSULTATION WITH below. of meetings of Chief wildlife warden is provided The important message from the minutes Important aspecs of the consulation is found every where Chief wildlife warden Shimla Wildlife presence A bio diversity impact assessment required Forest department must involve in this project as the WB team Need to discuss with project authorities as well IJlimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town No barriers exist for the sanctuaries. wildlife is not confined properly to the sanctuaries alone. Human-wild life conflict is problem Traffic- wildlife conflict will be a problem Minutes of meeting attached as Appendix 6.2 6.6.3 MEETING WITH FOREST RANGE OFFICERS Consultations have been carried out with five forest range officer along the highway as provided below. ia , - t t ~-~~ ,, ~~~~ 11-1 -t, ,- J-., .'0.-.,.,j', Una . Most important flora and fauna Amb were noted * Area in his jurisdiction Khorai * Wildlife accidents Bangana * Road widening and the impact Badsar. if any to the different types of Forests * Confirmation of eco-sensitivity * Wildlife-traffic collision if any . Wildlife human conflict 6.6.4 OFFICE OF THE JOINT MEMBER SECRETARY STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY Strength of the Environmental department is 55. Not yet done with any road project of this magnitude and type. Public hearing cannot be forwarded directly to Government of India until State government clears it. When you apply for pollution control board, you are supposed us to give a copy to here. We will send our comments to Consultation with Dr. R.K. Sood the department". After public hearing report is made, then it comes to Pollution Control Board. There after it has to be evaluated by Secretary Science, Technology environment who will be the head of that mission? For road projects our main concern is about wastes disposal sites. Only national NGOs exist in HP, their response is negative but only for Hydal Projects not for Road Development Projects. According to him only those NGOs should be consulted which are active in the area. Problem will come only when you start acquiring the land 6.6.5 CONSULTATION WITH DIRECTOR FOREST REFORMS PROJECT lrhportnt aspet of mcosmuation Reforms project is to revise the forest policy. The work has been week. The finalized last policy has been notified two days ago. Consultation with Mr R.K. Sood According to PD the forest in Himachal is classified in to four types. These RF,UPF, DPF are and PF. 36 % of the forest area is DPF. There are 32 sanctuaries and two national parks in HP. Road cannot pass through any of the sanctuary or national park. In some sanctuaries wildlife very rare (Endangered). is 6.7 MEETING WITH FOREST AND WILDLIFE OFFICIALS The issues relating to Forest, wildlife and biodiversity issues were surfaced community level consultations in almost all consultations. Local and the consultations with forest due officials were similar in the type and to the project. As a strategy, all meetings nature of impact with Divisional Forest officers (DFOs) were recorded as minutes of EIA for 3 Roads startng from Una town FIimachal State Roads Project Hamirpur could the DFO at Una. DFO at Sundernagar and The team had several round of meetings with meetings. summary was provided to the DFO at Sundernagar. their unavailability for consultations. A project not be met due to DFO at Una was consulted several times DFO at Una is attached as an Appendix-6.2. Minutes of meeting (MOM) with also. entire project that includes Una - Nerchowk to under stand the various requirements of the WITH DFOs ' 'S -T w , -"M''.. 6.7.1 CONSULTATION ' ',' -,,f,- gil.i - - - . -f - . - . in HP are declared Protected Forests. Informed that all trees located along the roadsides Provided a copy of the Notification DFO At Una Act Need to apply for Clearances under Forest conservation road sides were discussed Flora and fauna along the PIA and along the along the sides need to be protected Breeding and nesting ground of Cattle egrets Minutes of meeting attached as Appendix-6.2 CHIEF WILDLIFE WARDEN 6.7.2 CONSULTATION WITH below. meetings of Chief wildlife warden is provided The important message from the minutes of Wildlife presence is found every where A bio diversity impact assessment required Forest department must involve inthis project authorities as well as the WB team Need to discuss with project properly to the sanctuaries for sanctuaries. Therefore wildlife is not confined Chief wildlife warden Shimla No barrier exists alone. Human wild life conflict is problem Traffic wildlife conflict will be a problem Minutes of meeting attached as Appendix 6.2 6.7.3 MEETING WITH FOREST RANGE OFFICERS below. forest range officer along the highway as provided Consultations have been carried out with five ' -.1... I were flora and fauna were noted Una Most important jurisdiction Amb Area in his Khorai Wildlife accidents and the impact if any to the different types of Forests Bangana Road widening eco-sensitivity Badsar. Confirmation of Wildlife -traffic collision if any Wildlife human conflict AND STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY 6.7.4 OFFICE OF THE JOINT MEMBER SECRETARY I mpwatpoo t WitaspnuulwUon the Environmental department is 55. Consultation with Dr RK Sood Strength of and type. yet done with any road project of this magnitude Not of India until State Public hearing cannot be forwarded directly to Government government clears it. are supposed to give a copy to When you apply for pollution control board, you us here. We will send our comments to the department". it comes to Pollution Control After public hearing report is report is made Then | Board. I-limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town ...... There after it has to be evaluated by Secretary Science, Technology environment who will be the head of that mission. For road projects our main concern is about wastes disposal sites. Only national NGOs exist inHP, their response is negative but only for Hydal Projects not for Road Development Projects. According to him only those NGOs should be consulted which area. Problem are active in the will come only when you start acquiring the land 6.7.5 CONSULTATION WITH DIRECTOR, FOREST REFORMS PROJECT Reforms project is to revise the forest policy. The work has been finalized week. The policy has been last Consultation notified two days ago. with Mr RK Sood According to PD the forest in Himachal is classified into four types. These are RF,UPF, DPF and PF. 36 % of the forest area is DPF. There are 32 sanctuaries and two national parks inHP. Road through cannot pass any of the sanctuary or national park. Insome sanctuaries very rare (Endangered) wildlife is 6.8 PUBLIC DISCLOSURE OF EA DOCUMENTS Public disclosure in WB requirements is different from the project 4 disclosed dissemination" process. The documents to include executive summary of the project, Resettlement be Simultaneously Action Plan (one document) and ElAs reports. all documents will be released to public in Himachal the official Pradesh. These documents were disclosed World Bank web site and also in the Public in information centres of the WB office at New Washington DC in the later part of January 2007. Delhi and 6.9 INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS TO FINAL DESIGN Major findings from consultations (Refer; Environmental screening report, October 2006) * Consultation with local forest officials indicated the presence of community wildlife around the project roads. Local consultation also indicate the presence of wildlife * Most all around the project roads of the people were not happy with the road infrastructure * They need improvement of the roads, parking areas, rain shelters, minimum impact to land and * Forest officials informed that heavy properties machinery should not be used in Forest areas * Proper traffic management required to avoid high noise levels along * For monkey the forest areas menace, awareness programmes shall be conducted road to avoid feeding of monkeys along the * After construction, proper maintenance of the road should be carried out * Local institutions are willing to accommodate the debris disposal in almost all cases * Boundary wall and a gate should be provided to schools to avoid accidents The final design out put has integrated many existing facilities of the people for example rain sheltor. 6.10 FOLLOW UP CONSULTATION Subsequent to project preparation, a series of consultations will be organised. 11\Vorld Bank consultation note EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project 7 POTENTIAL IMPACTS Pradesh is too in the State, density of population in the Himachal a total population of about six million people road With it is natural to have significant impact for any the people live very close to the roads. Therefore low and most of as high as INR 150 million per hectare land along the Mehatpur -Una -Amb road is widening project. The value of rehabilitated. The social locations. People will have to be displaced and (INR 1.5 crore per hectare of land) at many and Social in the resettlement and rehabilitation (R&R) report impacts have been assessed and provided separately assessment reports. from Impact fauna due to the very high altitudinal variation is the home of innumerable variety of flora and Since the region Spiti areas. Therefore in this region, impacts as high as 7000 m at places in Lahaul and mere 300 m near Una to vulnerable/endangered/critically most significant. This is the home of many relating to bio-diversity issues are projects, whether new and floral species. Therefore any infrastructural endangered and rare IUCN classified faunal to be critically looked from this angle. or improvement projects at this location need *P"lO ThITOPTHE S10=.~ settings, Physiography Presents the Impacts relating to geographical 7.1 Land environment soil conditions; and drainage patterns; geology and seismology; and impacts relating to existing and potential erosion patterns; other material resources. quarries, crushers; and borrow pits and to meteorological conditions of the area and Environment Presents Impacts relating 7.2 Air conditions, also impacts relating to ambient air quality , silence zones the Impacts relating to Noise environment 7.3 Noise Environment Presents etc. -_ - of existing surface water Presents the Imapcts relating to water quality 7.4 Water Environment resources and cross bodies and groundwater conditions; water Project Influenced Area drainage structures within the Project corridor/ (PIA). to Flora, Fauna and Ecosystems along Environment Presents the impact relating 7.5 Bio Area (PIA) the project ROW and in the Project influenced aspects., including Presents the impacts relating to socio-cultural 7.6 Socio cultural impacts relating to indigenous people, land use etc . Also presents environment available data with health issues related to road projects, including relevance of truckers, and regard to the incidences of diseases and the stipulated in the World the spread of disease such as HIV -AIDS as to address Road Bank Guidelines. The topic has been expanded State Road Project. safety issues associated with the Himachal temples and cultural Presents impacts relating to shrines, monuments, artefacts. issues were identified and site investigations, a number of evironmental During the various surveys, consultations measures were and impacts effective mitigation and avoidance and discussed. For all the identified issues in the exhibit- major and minor issues were classified as provided considered and included. During the EA process 7.1. I limachal State Roads Project EI.A for 3 Roads starting from LUna town EXHIBIT 7.1: IDENTIFIED ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND IMPACTS DUE TO THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTAION F0- louio StESUES Mehatpur o Top - o Social impacts including land acquisition soil erosion and resettlement o Operational phase Una o Impact to avenue plantation (declared protected forests) impacts o Impact to wildlife- traffic/wildlife conflict o Erosion Una-Amb o Impact to drinking water sources such as HP's,PWS tube wells o Provision for Parking areas o Removal of private trees o Impact to religious properties inthe land to be acquired o Longitudinal and cross drainage o Debris and waste disposal o Loss of agricultural areas o Impact to forest reserves (land requirement as well as Una -Barsar- tree cutting) the Forest a Private /road side tree cutting Nerchowk o Impact to wildlife- traffic/wildlife conflict o Water o Impact to drinking water for sources such as springs, Handpumps construction o Provision for Parking areas o o Stabilization of slopes Health and safety issues o Impact to religious properties during o Monkey menace-traffic/monkey construction and conflict operational o Longitudinal and cross drainage phases o Debris and waste disposal o Loss of agricultural areas 7.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT 7.1.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ROADS Project impacts due to the location in the Himalayas include impact to the fragile environmental components. are described in the respective sections. These 7.1.2 GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS Expected impacts due to the construction and operation of the project will be; Construction of borrow areas - mainly for the Mehatpur-Una-Amb section Disposal of excess materials - Mainly for the Una-Jahu-Nerchowk section Construction of embankments- mainly for the Mehatpur -Una -Amb section Debris disposal -mainly for the Una- Nerchowk road section Construction of additional transportation land due to widening of the project road MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SECTION 7.1.2.1 During construction Physiographic impacts could be due to the improvements of the embankments of the this project. The height three roads considered under and width of the embankment (exhibit 7.2) will be rehabilitated as altered, when the road is widened and per the new design for the Mehatpur-Una-Amb region. EIA for 3 Roads startng from Una town FIimachal State Roads Project EMBANKMENT HEIGHTS WILL BE RAISED EXHIBIT 7.2 TOTAL LENGTHS FOR WHICH Jalera Total 2 km length of the project road is at a Mehatpur-Una-Amb 1 km before and after Ivery low level (trough) and median without any noticeable changes. In the Una urban area, project will stick to the existing width (a) Construction of borrow areas has to be obtained from a number of Cubic metre of material is to be used along the road, this Since about 150,000 This could lead to the near by villages or from the existing borrowing places. borrow areas to be constructed in the IRC X 100 X 40 = 4000 sq.m) size as it has to follow the formation of large depressions of less than one acre (1 guidelines. of there would not be any other impacts to geomorphology Except the construction of embankments of 0.5 to 2 m, the area during construction and operational stages. (b) Disposal of debris material as formation will be left unutilised due to poor quality Most of the materals derived from the Shiwalik clay off this in the nearby areas causing havoc every where. construction materials. If not careful, Contractor may dispose not be any huge quantity of material along this road for Therefore this is seen as a potential impact. There will material for road construction. disposal. This section of road on the other hand require borrow UNA-BARSAR-JAHU-NERCHOWK SECTION of Bhota alignment. This could be mainly due to the blocking There will be physiographic impacts along the bypass at all natural channels/stream etc. alignment as the height increases from the Una towards There are considerable excess materials along this towards the hillward side naturally requiring cutting Nerchowk. The project road widening can only be possible towards hill slope. (c) Disposal of debris material as formation will be left unutilised due to poor quality Most of the materials derived from the Shiwalik clay off this in the nearby areas causing havoc every where. construction materials. If not careful, Contractor may dispose Therefore this is seen as a potential impact. Una generated per kilometre for almost 60 kms length of the It is expected that about 20,000 m3,,' material would be 3. In addition to the loss of these soils by soil erosion - Nerchowk road. This will generate about 1,200,000 m - Jahu impacts to the local communities, material in the nearby hill slopes could generate considerable disposal of this net cut quantity of debris is and siltations to dams and reservoirs. The actual estimated natural drainage courses, 3 off safely. 3 3 quantity of 228,801 m need to be disposed 1,236,059 m and the net fill is 1,007,258 m. The balance geo-morphological impacts. Altering the geo- The activity of widening towards hill ward side has the following morphological characteristics of the: 126 kms. hill slope adjacent to the project road through out the length of the location where this could be finally disposed off Destabilisation of the already stabilised slopes Impact due to this will depend on the following, The total materials available I limachal State Roads Project ElJ for 3 Roads starting from lUna town Quantity of material that can be utilised Excess material that need to be disposed off Construction impacts therefore would be the disposal of the excess materials to near During the by villages and or valleys. rainy season this will have a series of induced impacts such as; Erosion of all materials deposited Impact to cultivated areas Impact to inhabited areas Impact to reservoirs due to heavy siltation 7.1.2.2 During operational stage Widening of the road will not generate any physiographic changes during operational stage. 7.1.3 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA -IMPACTS Geologically the region is fragile along most of the road alignment except along the Shiwalik sand stone which are relatively stable. Even along the sand stone areas land slips has been recorded by the environmental survey team. Nevertheless the situation along the Mehatpur-Una-Amb road is totally different as most of this section is located along the alluvial plains. Remaining sections are located within occasional Shiwalik hillocks of loose mud (hard clay) formation. Most of this formation has been washed away by the flood waters of the river Soan over many centuaries with relatively stable part seen at many locations. Except the erosion and sliding of isolated mud hills, no other land instability issues exists along the Mehatpur-Una-Amb section. For the first seven kilometers of the Una -Nerchowk road, the situation is different starting from mud (hard clay) formation it gradually enters to the sandstone formation. 7.1.3.1 Impacts during construction period Construction could induce large scale land stability problem along the Una- Nerchowk road. Identified most critical locations along this alignments from geotechnical studies and in addition to geotechnical studies, engineering studies also pilot bio- will be carried along few typical locations along the project roads. Details of geologically vulnerable location of land instability from such studies have been incorporated as Appendix 7.1. This table provides the details of the un stable slope that include chainage length of the section, Slope type, Slope protection method with some remarks where ever required. 7.1.3.2 Impacts during post construction period Induced erosional impacts will precipitate in to major or minor landslide/land slips. 7.1.4 SEISMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF THE AREA The area is susceptible to very high intensity earth quakes. All structures along the project road need to consider the seismic coefficients with regards to the seismic energy propagation along the fragile geological/litho logical strata. The baseline data provided in the Chapter 5 indicates that any earthquake here could be severe and very high intensity capable of damaging most of the buildings and structures. As described in the baseline section, the project area lies in the Himalayan Region is susceptible to earthquakes. The area as per ISI classification falls in seismic zone V. The Kinnaur earthquake of 1975 is a testimony to what damage an earthquake can cause in the region. However there is no immediate threat perceived of any loss to human life due to occurrence of earthquake specifically by project itself. Project activities is not expected to add the seismicity issues as in the case of major dams. EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project 7.1.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS part of the country. Most of the materials are lose There is a dearth of good quality construction materials in this formations are sedimentary formations of fluvial materials of geologically very recent origin. Almost all geological (marine, riverine or lacustrine conditions) origin. borrow areas- material excavated while widening Will be required to open new Borrow areas Do not need towards the hill ward side could provide good quality earth materials. will have to establish crushers To take crusher materials from out side Contractor be due to large-scale excess material excavated while Impact includes creation of large depressions due to Impact will towards the hill ward side. if dumped towards the valley the opening of several borrow areas widening side will create havoc along the down stream side MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SECTION for obtaining various construction materials. Rock The contractors usually depend on the local commercial suppliers needed. Active existing sources are most likely to be materials will probably be hauled by road to the work site as source used for road upgrading materials will depend used with cost and the quality considerations. The specific choice. upon the location of the section being upgraded and the contractors' Borrow areas and other materails sources construction requirements along the Mehatpur-Una- A number of borrow areas need to be opened for meeting the use to avoid opening new areas untill a Amb. Existing borrow areas if available will be revived for continued confirmed requirement arises. topsoil, loss of agriculture crops, significant adverse If no proper measures are taken, there could be loss of fertile total quantity of material required for filling along impacts due to the creation of borrow pits in these areas. The recommended for widening and improvement. Mehatpur-Una-Amb is 150,000 cubic meters according to the design 5.5 of Chapter 5.0 A list of borrow areas and material sources are provided in section UNA-JAHU-BARSAR -NERCHOWK-AMB SECTION locations. The road widening along the Una -Jahu- In this case, the situation is most likely different from other 3 of various quality of materails. This is an Nerchowk section is expected to yield considerable quantity of 1,200,000m the poor quality considerations. Specific details have estimate. Most of the materials may not be able to utilise due to like Shiwalik sandstone could be useful for various been worked out by the engineering team. Even then materails construction requirements. Establishment for Crushers along the project road. The maintenance and Contractor will be required to establish a number of crushers a major impact. It is appropriate to consider the management of the access roads/haul roads etc could be since poorly run operations create dust problems, environmental implications in the selection of crusher areas or cause the loss of natural resources. contribute to noise pollution, ignore the safety of their employees, 7.1.6 SOIL QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS would increase the soil erosion to many fold. With Soil erosion is very high in the region. The construction activities area to be newly opened for construction towards the approximately (a minimum of 3 m X 100,000m) 300,000 sq m be an all time high unless preventive measures are in hillwards side along Una - Nerchowk, the erosion rates are to place. Flimachal State Roads Prolect EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town MEHATPUR -UNA-AMB SECTION Most of the road in this section is in the alluvial formation of recent origin. There are several locations with left overs (mud hills) of washed mud formation of Shiwalik age. Compared to Una -Nerchowk, this area is more prone to flood related issues and therefore this is more of a depositional environment. However in drought years erosional issues do exist. Main erosion is along the river beds. Since number of bridges and culverts to be constructed along is many; there could this road be a number of erosional issues along the project road. UNA-NERCHOWK SECTION 7.1.6.1 during construction: Due to steep gradients, the material storage places, newly constructed embankments and work areas etc may be subjected to erosion during the rainy period. If proper measures are not taken, nearby water bodies will be contaminated depending on the type of material stored. As already stated in the previous sections due to the high gradational changes and the precipitation in the area, most of the rivers and streams are undergoing vigorous erosion. There could be a potential erosion if all drainage ways are not of suitable size and alignment. 7.1.6.2 during Operation: During operational stage, the erosional impacts would be minimum due to various mitigation measures identified along the corridors and also due to thick green vegetation cover on the hill slopes. 7.1.7 SLOPE STABILISATION ISSUES (LAND SLIDE, LANDSLIPS.) Sliding of bamboo trees with 1000s of fibrous root system plate 7.1 shows how susceptible the soil is to monsoon havoc. This photo is from Una -Nerchowk section. This is an indication of what could be the induced impact on soil stabilisation issues. the PLATE 7.1 A CLUSTER OF BAMBOO SHOOT IS SLIDING DOWN AS A BLOCK KM 88.00 AT MUNDHKHAR VILLAGER - , t<-. 4- - -r - S.- -- The widening towards the hill ward side will create new areas of instability; as a result driving would be extremely unsafe with land slide, land slip, mud flow, rock fall etc as major issues especially during the monsoon season. The traffic vibrations also lead to land slips and all other stability issues. EIA for 3 Roads starring from Una town Himachal State Roads Project a number of new areas will be developed. This Apart from the unstable areas identified in the baseline section pedological conditions and the vegetation cover, slope cannot be predicted but will depend on the geological and angle, and the height of the hill sliope. expert. The details of this study is shown in A geotechnical investigation has been carried out by the geotechnical Bio engineering concept) has been completed for the Appendix 7.1 Further the bio-engineeering studies ( box 7.1 report on speciali focussed studies Volume 2 project roads. Details of this studies are included in a separate assessment Report) These two reports are also part of (special focussed studies volume 1 is the Bio-diversity impact the Environmental Impact assessment report. STABILISATION AND EROSION CONTROL: Bio- Box 7.1 BIO ENGINEERING TECHNIQUES FOR SLOPE of slopes against erosion and reduces the instance of engineering methods can be used to protect almost all type some time. Vegetation is more dynamic than inert shallow failures. However, the establishment process may take tend to become stronger over time. The application of and takes some time to reach their maximum strength. They would be most appropriate. Dry stone walls or soil bioengineering in combination with civil engineering structures road to protect the fill volume to reduce mass wasting gabion retaining structures are built in the valley side of the on bare fill surface. Every attempt is made to maintain and erosion process. Erosion control plantings are carried out soil bioengineering is a vital and integral part of road mass balance of road cut and fill. The incorporation of construction. 7.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT situation along the project road especilly during Loss of over 3083 trees will have an impact on the micro-climatic is the hottest part travelling along the project road summer along the Una -Amb road. Since this part of Himachal communities and other road users. Direct exposure without this trees on sides would be very hot and tiring for local be very uncomfortable for the road users. This has to sunlight along the project road after the removal of trees would (Refer chapter 6 on consultation). As stated been clearely stated by the DFO at Una during a formal consultation category. earlier in chapter 5, these trees are in the declared protected be impacted would be 3679 Nos. In this case most of Along Una-Barsar-Nerchowk, the total no of trees that would forest category. Exactly as in the previous case, the trees that would be impacted belongs to the natural protected felt as that of Una-Amb road by the road users. there could be some microclimatic impacts but will not be as few of bridges and culverts and other improvement will Other than the tree cutting, the road widening, construction of and climatic conditions of the area. not lead to any potential direct or indirect impacts to the meteorological 7.2.1 METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS and public trees and those in forest reserves and the Other than those mentioned about the removal of both private no other significant impacts are anticipated during resultant micro-climatic effects for the traffic and pedestrian alike construction and operational phases of the project. 7.2.2 PRECIPITATION to the existing project roads would not lead to any The construction and operation of the widening and improvements this could lead to an increase in the rainfall - runoff change in the precipitation over the region. Nevertheless pavement) road surface where in no percolation takes relationship due to an increased sealed (bituminous black to sealed black top per km. and then there would be place. There would be an increased area of -3000 sq.m hard All of this could lead to an increased runoff for the sealed drainage one fourth of a metre width over a km length. same rate of rainfall under existing conditions. Himachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 7.2.3 TEMPERATURE 7.2.3.1 Pre -Construction phase Removal of over 3083 trees from the Mehatpur-Una- Amb road section will lead to major discomfort to the road users. The shade form the trees on both sides actually lessens the heat in an otherwise hottest part of the Himachal Pradesh (Refer Minutes of meting with DFO Appendix 6.2). 7.2.3.2 Construction phase: The heat during the construction phase would be very high due to the removal alignments. of the road side plantation along all 7.2.3.3 Post Construction phase: Since there would be some space available along the road sides even after widening, this area would be used new row of avenue plantation. Even for a then it will take at least five to ten years (use fast growing growth of the fast growing poplar trees) for the trees siblings to grow to a minimum height of six feet. Along the Una- Nerchowk road also there would be an effort to plant trees especiallay depending up on the availability of land along the sides of new alignment (e.g.along Bhota) 7.2.4 HUMIDITY Other than a micro level localised decrease in humidity due to the removal of nearly 7000 (6942) trees from sides (Plates 7.1 & 7.2). No major the road impact on humidity characteristics of the region are expected; PLATE 7.1 IMPACTED MANGO TREES -UNA -NERCHOWK SECTION KM 38.000 EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project TO ROAD USERS KM 37.00 PLATE 7.2 : TREES WITH EXPOSED ROOTS, A THREAT h4 ' '' . - ** w 7.2.5 WIND forest sections is not expected to lead to any noticeable The removal of road side trees and clearance of some impacts relating to wind are anticipated due to the change in the wind direction and wind speed. No potential construction and operation of the project. 7.2.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY RELATED IMPACTS good due to a number of reasons Ambient air quality along the project roads is generally * Because of the lush green vegetation cover * Very high forest coverage density (Total population is just six million only in * Very less human activities due to low population of 32 million in an area of 38,000 sq km) 55000 sq km where as in Kerala with a population * Very less Traffic plying on the roads Kala Ab etc all along the border areas of the * Industrial activity is very low except near Parwanoo, State. project road. The construction different when there is a construction activity along the The situation will be completely the or reconstruction of the eroded highway or widening of activity could be a construction of a bridge, a realignment road. 7.2.6.1 Pre construction phase -Impacts are clearing and grubbing no potential air quality impacts Except some dust generation during tree cutting and anticipated. ROADS 7.2.6.2 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE FOR BOTH Mehatpur-Una -Amb-During construction be minimal, where as in case of cut section (Shiwalik mud In this case in areas of alluvial formations dust level would dust would be very high. deposits see plate 7.3 and 7.4 ) such as the one at Una I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Una-Jahu-Nerchowk-During construction There will be high dust related issues due to the loose . sedimentary formations (inthis case Shiwaliks). When excavated or disturbed, this can lead See plate 7.4 to high level of dust nuisance. The air looked in to for both during construction quality impact characteristics are and operational phases. Potential identified as follows. impacts related to them (if any) are PLATE 7.3 UNA CUT SECTION ALONG UNA -MEHATPUR KM 16.700 t;i PLATE 7.4 MUD HILLS -NESTING/BREEDING PLACES OF BIRDS- AT UNA KM 1.360 -3. -9 i 4-, town EIA for 3 Roads starring from Una Ilimachal State Roads Project be at a very low the level of potential air quality impacts will season in July, August and September due to lose During monsoon air quality impacts will be generally high soil. During other periods the potential level due to the wet side for widening. Dust nuisance will be the project roads excavated from the hillward sedimentary materials along facilities such as crushers and asphalt around the construction sites and related high also on the (dry periods) in and filtered reducing the level of the pollution level quickly dissipated and (hot - mix) plants. The air circulation makes during each passing day. ultimate pollution effect to an absolute minimum plant sites: Hot-mix plants, construction camps and other sited properly, impacts such as dust generation; camp and plant sites is important. If not Proper siting of these will affect the local residents. This is the various activities including burning fuel smoke and fumes emanating from hospitals). Barren areas are areas (e.g. forest and wildlife, schools and more difficult in the case of sensitive receptor etc. Suitable land for siting hot mix plants, construction camps some locations such areas could be used barren available in operations. Nevertheless on the hill slopes due to the absence of flat terrain for such will be difficult to locate sites and camp sites will be a temporary purposes. The air pollution from the plant areas would be available for such very less scattered population, Due to uneven topographic condiion and phenomenon during construction period. these issues may not be felt very high. controls will vary according to the types of emission impacts during the construction period The extent of potential pollution control devices used, and the transporting fill material, the types of used, requirements to cover trucks will be a source of dust but in the In the case of Una -Nerchowk, crushers supervision exercised over the project. trucks always on the move will be source of dust nuisance. With case of Mehatpur-Una-Amb borrow areas will be another major source of dust. transporting materials, the access roads 7.2.6.3 Impacts during Operational Phase to be better because of the following reasons. Impacts during operational phase are expected along the existing corridors. will be relieved to an optimum level 1. During operational stage, the congestion surface condition side along the roads could result in improved and improvement towards the hill wards of engine will be Widening and improve traffic flow; as a result idling capacity. This will alleviate local congestion such and traffic situation. Environmental enhancement measures lesser level of emission to local air quality reduced leading to the air quality situation, compared to the project will work very positively to improve as those envisaged in the measures are described in detail in Proposed environmental enhancement existing traffic situation along the roads. areas away from the These measures include well defined parking the 'Chapter 10 Environmental enhancement'. etc. corridor, traffic signing and lining, bus bays, emission effects during is already in place to nullify any adverse green vegetation and the forest areas mostly 2. The lush and the resultant emission level will be traffic emissions. Expected traffic increase operational phase Even if there is a sharp increase in the traffic starting April up to the first week of July. confined to the tourist season higher standards ( Euro Ill etc) less due to the high quality engines with the resultant emission level will be much used by others. During the bulk of the tourists and the tourist taxis by the rich effluent class that will be from higher values, used along the project road could provide slightly periods although measurements immediately also reduce air such peak The minor increased traffic if any would could minimize the effect upon dissipation. the green effect surface. vehicle performance on a better, wider, road pollution with improved conditions ( see chapter 5 Baseline increase and the monitored baseline Transport demands will continue to after many years. potential project impacts should be evaluated conditions) are the benchmark against which due to the provision of due to the sealed (paved) shoulders, and road surface will generate lesser dust emissions. The designed human exposure to roadside dust and vehicular drainages. The overall effect will be a reduced to vehicular adequate and would reduce adverse impacts due within the project corridor are eased sudden The grade changes composition. There could not be any not be any marked change in the vehicular emissions. There could levels) operating in the region at the same trucks (all are diesel with high pollution major change in the number of due to very good quality roads. truck would be at a much reduced level time the pollution level from these diesel Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starng from Una town Higher design speed proposed will contribute to a reduced now air quality impacts. As against the 'stop occurring the proposed improvement will and go' pattern affect a constant moving speed for the vehicles. During operational stage, it can be concluded that the presence of evergreen regional basis will reduce lush vegetation if considered on a / nullify any adverse impacts to a great extent. 7.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT-IMPACTS Specific details are provided in three section for pre, during and post stages of constrcution. discusses the noise related impacts Sections 7.3.1 and 7.3.2 during construction and operational phases. 7.3.1 CONSTRUCTION - RELATED NOISE Wlth regards to noise related impacts, construction phase high is a difficult stage. During this period noise due to use of the large number of heavy impacts will be machineries and the conflict with the regular honking of vehicle horns and more stop traffic requiring more and go (accelerarion and deceleration process). All temporary noise related impacts in the immediate vicinity of the project corridor will activities. This will be occurred along occur due to construction the construction corridor as well as in include location of construction the secondary sites. The secondary sites camps, hot mix plants, WMM plants, other temporarily crusher and quarry sites (if required) and acquired/rented sites for construction related any quarries are activities. Along Una-Jahu -Nerchowk required as the materails excavated during section, no crushers widening will suffice for the crusher material. will have to be established by each Contractor Two or more at specific pre-identified and approved locations. Use of explosives in the normal mode could lead to impact to wildlife in the forest the area is rich in wildlife resources. areas. This is a potential imapct as The construction activities will include excavation of the hillward side for widening, shaping of the site and construction scarification of the existing road, of the structures and facilities, exhibit 7.3, highway construction, and typical noise levels associated with exhibit 7.4, typical noise levels of representative construction principal construction equipment, provides noise levels associated with some the specific activities.The magnitude of impact will depend types of equipments to be used, the construction upon methods employed and the scheduling General conclusions can be based on the of the work. types of construction work anticipated, the their associated range of noise levels. likely equipment required and EXHIBIT 7.3: TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION Acmny NoM LEVELS pBA) Grading &Clearing 84 Excavation 89 Foundations 88 Erection 79 Finishing 84 Notes: Measured as Leq assuming 70 dBA Ambient Noise Level. To understand the extent of adverse noise impacts resulting from discussion of the project upon the surrounding land noise impacts will be required. This discussion uses, a receptors that would be clearly related to the presence includes mainly forests and wildlife, schools of sensitive and hospital ( ref section 5.3 chapter 5). town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una timachal State Roads Project EQUIPMENT OF PRINCIPAL CONSTRUCTION EXHIBIT 7.4: TYPICAL NOISE LEVELS (NOISE LEVEL IN DBA AT 50 FEET1 Structure Construction Clearing Crane 75-77 Bulldozer 80 71-82 72-84 Welding generator Front end loader mixer 74-88 81-98 Concrete Jack hammer pump 81-84 75-87 Concrete Crane with ball Concrete vibrator 76 Air compressor 74-87 Excavation & Earth Pneumatic tools 81-98 Moving 80 80 Bulldozer Bulldozer dump trucks 83-94 72-93 Cement and Backhoe Front end loader 72-84 Front end loader 72-84 83-94 83-94 Dump truck Dump truck Paver 86-88 Jack hammer 81-98 80-93 Landscaping and Clean-Up Scraper Bulldozer 80 Grading and compacting Backhoe 72-93 Grader 80-93 83-94 73-75 Truck Roller Front end loader 72-84 Dump truck 83-94 Paving 86-88 86-88 Paver Paver Dump truck 83-94 Truck 83-94 Tamper 74-77 and Home Appliances, NJID, 300.1, Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment Protection Agency, Noise From Construction Source: U.S. Environmental December 31,1971. operation, location and function of the intermittent and depends on the type of The construction noise is generally exhibit 7.5). it attenuates quickly with distance (refer equipment and the equipment usage cycle, Vibration related impacts 17 th Centuray old Archaological The vibration induced impacts to the is also noise related impacts. Mehatpur -Una could Vibration at this section at Una town (Plate 7.3) in as an indirect impact. Any widening very week structure is seen Shiwalik mud formation is composed of the structure. The underlying Geological have adverse impacts on especially under wet conditions. The could trasmit heavy vibrations to the structure unconsolidated loose mud and the testimony of this concern. of the mud hill to protect the structure is heavy duty toe wall constrcuted at the base RELATED NOISE LEVELS EXHIBIT 7.5 POTENTIAL CONSTRUCTION TNE , - ro iOwO a.wMATr NIUP L 2,000 nuTW level would be reduced to less than 62 dBA at 50 feet (15 metres) from the source Noise 85 -90 dBA at feet (610 metres) from the source. levels would decrease by about three or four (assuming bulldozer, loader and These noise Excavation noise levels, every doubling of distance and would be reduced would yield a Leq of approximately dBA with dump truck activity), to approximately 67 dBA at 800 feet (244 metres). 85 dBA at 50 feet 7.3.2 OPERATIONAL NOISE 7.5.2.1 POTENTIAL SOURCES. All sensitive noise receptors along the road low as dscribed in the Baseline Chapter. The ambient noise level is very the project road include: road noise during the operational phase of have been identified. Potential sources of traffic within the vicinity of noise will be increased e.g., the introduction of Insome instances, the amount of vehicle (e.g., the alleviation of cases it may be reduced as a result of the project Vehicle Noise - the ROW of bypass at Bhota. Inother congested traffic conditions). to overall traffic noise. The between tyres and pavement contributes significantly Frictional noise from the contact greatest at high speeds and of the pavement. Frictional noise isgenerally - level depends on the type and condition high due to the level of noise Road Noise this instance road noise may be considered during rapid braking and acceleration. In Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town and the sensitive receptors inthe region. Taxi and tourist taxi drivers contribute Driver to road noise by the constant abuse of vehicle Behaviour shouting and causing tires to horns, playing of loud music, sequel as a result of sudden braking or acceleration. should aim at limiting the Much needed driver education use of horns to potential emergencies only. Road surface maintenance generally Construction requires the use of heavy machinery, although intermittent and localised, they these activities may be nevertheless contribute large amounts of and occur. sustained noise to the areas in which they Maintenance. 7.5.2.2 POTENTIAL IMPACTS. Potential impacts to the following could occur: Human Welfare. Although it may not be consciously perceived, chronic exposure to degrees, both noise can affect human welfare invarying physiologically and psychologically. Chronic creating noise exposure can be a source of annoyance, communication problems, leading to elevated stress levels, and associated behavioural effects. It can cause auditory fatigue, temporary and health and permanent lessening of hearing contribute to childhood learning problems. ability, sleep disorders and Itis likely that improved road conditions will and together with improved education result in less congestion lead to a greatly reduce use of vehicle horns. single most disturbing source This is regarded as the Vibration. of noise. Vibrations induced by the resonance of traffic noise and also those caused by vehicles can have a detrimental the impact of heavy goods effect on structures and can be heritage sites a particular concern inthe case of cultural or lightly constructed buildings not designed structure to withstand such vibrations. The 17th century at Una is already protected by an RCC hard structure at the base of the hill and as provided in Plate 7.3. The structure at the edge of the road is about 100 m away from the hilltop. Impacted Silence zones (Exhibit 7.6) Although the ambient noise level is low, hospitals etc due to constant there would be impact to schools honking of horns and occasional traffic noise. increased traffic. Noise level is also expected from an ExHIBIT 7.6 IMPACTED SILENZE ZONES 67Mehatpur School 1 I Spring Wateramiram Thirth Public school 2 Hospital School board needed .Anand raj malik 3 7-8 Lower Dehlan School Hospital 4 Hospital 5 8-9 Lower Dehlan School 6 Hospital 7 10-11 Behthala 11-12 Jalgrampul School 8 1 Mount Everest vocational Academy (the Boundary wall 9 Hospital will be affected) 10 12-13 School 11 Hospital 13-14 Rakkar School 1 Mount Carmel School 12 Pedestrian crossing for school required and footpath should 13 Hospital be raised 14 19-20 School. town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una Hlimachal State Roads Project ------''------Eye hospital 15 Hospital 22-23 Jhelera 16 Public School 1 Basal 23-24 Basal School Noise barrier needed 17 along 100 m distance Veterinary - - 18 28-29 hospital Gurukripa Public School 1 37-38 Chururu school 19 25 m length boundary wall required Hospital 20 School - 21 45-46 Pacca Paroh Hospital 1 1 22 2 6 Total 8 (eight numbers) are not be causing any problem as there and bridge construction sites would The impacts along the bypass roads river systems/alignment. very few people adjacent to these BIO-ENVIRONMENT 7.4 IMPACTS RELATING TO onf flora and fauna forest land and resultant pressure drawings for road widening, the total Depending on the final the increase of Wildlife/ traffic The operational impact includes potential impact during construction. could could be the section such traffic/ wildlife conflict stage. Even in the case of Mehatpur-Una-Amb conflict to an increased and wild pigs are very common species. Some species like blue bull to loss of human life or the faunal lead to occur leading increase in the speed per km could of the road and the consequent in these areas. The improvement could be an irreversible impact. increased wildlife/traffic collision. This FLORA 7.4.1 IMPACTS RELATING TO 7.4.1.1 Pre construction phase no other impacts are anticipated those in the impacted forest areas impact to the road side trees and 7.2 Other than the speies are provided in the Appendix wise, girth wise list of impacted floral during pre-construction phase. Species a,b&c. are provided in the exhibit 7.7. affected along the three road sections Details of the total number of trees PROJECT ROAD SIDES AFFECTED FLORA ALONG THE EXHIBIT 7.7 SUMMARY OF THE Declared Forest clearance required 2km) 8 0 Mehatpur -Una (1 Protected Forest Do 3083 0Declared Amb Una- Protected (32 km) Forest DPF Do 3679 734 DPF and Una-Jahu-Nerchowk (126.700 km) 7042 I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Ulna town All trees along the Una-Amb road sides are declared (not natural forests) protected notification of year 1958. Further the forest. Appendix 7.3 is the first requirements were relaxed in 1998 (see plantations along road/rail/canals. Chapter 3 Legl and institutional) for all Mehatpur-Una secton Most of the impacted trees along this alignment are Shisham trees. Impacts are much the existing two lane road starting higher due to the four laning of from chainage 6.200 to 22.000 at Jhalera. Una- Amb section Majority of the trees along this alignment are eucalyptus trees. Removal of these trees is growing trees actually meant to harvest a minor impact as it is a fast after the full growth. Similarily the significant impact. However removal of poplar trees is also not a the shade effect of the lush green popular new trees if planted trees is a loss at least for about five years grow to the same height. Other main species till include pipal, arjun, shisham and mango. Una - Jahu-Nerchowk Plate 7.3 and 7.4 are the mango trees along the project road. There are more than As shown in the Plate 7.2 in many 100 mango trees along this road. cases, the roots of these trees are exposed for the road users. With regards and the trees therefore are not safe to the growth of the trees all mango trees much older type. Therefore, seen along the sides of the roads are of the impact due to the cutting and removal Neverthless where ever of these trees are not very significant. possible (for example where there is no retained. The built up area exists) one row of side likely impacted platform trees along the trees will be Una- Nerchowk is provided in exhibit 7.8 EXHIBIT 7.8 LIKELY IMPACTED PLATFORM TREES ALONG UNA-NERCHOWK 1 14-15 Kubadi Plafform tree 2 29-30 1 Dohgi Plafform tree -- 3 36-37 Tanoh _-_1 Piafform 1 4 39-40 Dadyar -Plafform 5 41-42 1 _ Platform tree 1 6 50-51 Bhakreri 7 Plafform I 77-78 Jharlog Plafform tree 8 1 82-83 Tamroh Platform tree 9 83-84 1 Kadhota Platform 10 87-88 tree 1 Mundkhar Platform I11 94-95 1 Plafform tree 1 1_2 5-4 Galma Plafform tree -_ 3 4-3 1 Plafform tree 1 ______T otal 1 3 Impact on the forest reserves Considerable natural protected forest area exists along the sides of the project road. corresponding section of baseline chapter. Details are provided in the Other than the declared protected forests, which are not natural forests, no Mehatpur-Una-Amb section. other forest reserves are impacted for the Total forest reserves that will be acquired for widening has been estimated to be 6.54 Nerchowk section.. Since the major ha after droping the Kalkhar- portion of the forest reserves are between Kalkhar and Nerchowk, there has town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una Iflimachal State Roads Project are considered along this land requirement as no major improvements been considerable decrease in the forest section. acquired from forest reserves. A joint expected to be cut from the land to be Removal of 734 forest trees are of complete details prior to and PWD will be required for the preparation verification involving Forest department forest land acquisition. phase. will be completed prior to the construction Removal of trees and clearing grubbing etc 7.4.1.2 Construction Phase and and operation of various labour camps would be those related to construction Construction phase impacts normally behave irresponsible leading to force mostly coming from out side the State plants. The illiterate labour considerable damage to the forest and other encroachments that could cause cutting of forest trees for firewood be the following; to the Contractor and his labour force could ecology. Various construction impacts due Un authorised fire wood collection Poaching of animals inside the forest areas Construction of camps and other establishment Clearing of trees and grasses clandestine operations Stealing of forest products and produces through medicinal plants Clandestine collection and selling of expensive such as borrow material and quarry materials Collection and transport of construction raw material OF THE PROJECT ROAD-IMPACTS 7.4.2 FLORA RELATED CHARACTERISTICS and girth wise classification of road sides will be impacted. Species wise Most of the trees located along the project provided in Appendix .7.2 a,b &c . impacted trees along the project roads are 7.4.3 IMPACTS RELATING TO FORESTS of the project cycle are; The anticipated impacts during different stages land would be required/ cleared for Just before construction the 6.54 ha of forest Pre construction phase impacts the construction of road. much more forest area due to poor During construction, labour force may impact Construction phase impacts They may indulge inactivities experience inworking in the hilly terrain conditions. as hunting, borrowing, tree that are against the forest conservation Act such etc. cufting wildlife and an intraffic /wildlife collision and resultant loss of An increase phase impacts. increase inpoaching are the expected pre-construction Post construction phase impacts of the 5 corresponding section provides the details sections have been provided. The Chapter Details of the forest to either Demarcated protected Forests road. All these protected forest belongs forest sections abutting the project local communities and the forest (UPF). Various consultation held with the (DPF), Un demarcated protected Forests Details are provided in the with rich floral and faunal bio-diversity. officials indicated that these are eco-sensitive Chapter 6.0 on community consultation. 7.4.4 ENDANGERED FLORA-IMPACTS any endangered species along the project carried out to document the presence of A bio diversity study has been provides an exhaustive list of the as a separate report. Appendix-7.3 above road. Results of this has been provided of the road. There are have to be cut and removed prior to widening flora found along the road sides that will numerous smaller herbs and plants. Flimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 7.4.5 FAUNA AND PROTECTED AREAS-IMPACTS Since there are no protected wildlife areas such as reserved forests, wildlife sanctuaries, National parks etc falling with in the PIA, no such impacts are forseen due to the project. Refer 5.4.3.1 Limitations of the study. The tail end of the Govind sagar reservoir is coming within the PIA of the Una- Nerchowk road (Box. 5.1) . Long term irreversible impact: The protected forests found along the road sides are rich in floral and faunal diversity. Most of this impact will be during the operational phase of the impacts. 7.4.6 COMMONLY FOUND FAUNA -IMPACTS Three nesting and breeding ground of the middle egrets has been recorded along the Una- Amb road. From 23.120 to 23.170 on the RHS at Raisry village. A dozen nests were identified. A video recording of 180 seconds at this location shows the extreme difficult condition at which these brids breed. There is water down below the jamun and eucalyptus trees along the canal. Local enquiries indicated that these are migratory birds coming under herons living in marshy/Spring swampy areas where there are lots of diverse small creatures like fishes frogs, spiders etc. are found. At Theody village Chainage 41.140-42.160 on the LHS along a 60m stretch, there are numerous middle egrets seen on top of kikkar trees. A much bigger breeding ground is also located at chainage 41.140 to 42.160 RHS at Nandpur village. These are also middle egrets. The nesting trees are Poplar and Kikkar trees. Exhibit 7.9 is the eight monkey menace areas along Una-Nerchowk Further there are common minas and other bird species along the hill side holes. These are the visble part of the fauna and flora associated with the project road. EXHIBIT 7.9 MONKEY MENACE AREAS ALONG UNA NERCHOWK 8NQ .;IIL ~ 5-7777 1 7-8 monkey 1 2 8-9 monkey monkey 1 3 23-24 monkey monkey 1 4 24-25 monkey monkey 1 5 37-38 monkey monkey 1 6 38-39 monkey monkey 1 55-56 Tikker monkey monkey 7 Brahmana 1 8 65-66 monkey monkey 1 Total = 8 locations 8 Himachal State Roads Project EIX for 3 Roads starting from Una town Plate 7.5 Dense Forest section along Una -Nerchowk section km 10.00 - --- Plate 7.6 Nesting/breeding places birds- along Una -Amb km 28.700 4 --- r--- - 09/ 8,.2U3 limachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Plate 7.4 and 7.6 are nesting and breeding grounds of common minas. They are living in deep horizontal holes made in the Shiwalik mud formation (see the white arrow mark in the plate 7.6). A Biodiversity Impact Assessment (BIA) has been separately carried out for the project. This study report is also part of the EIA report. This study has brought about the specific details of the flora and fauna that would be impacted due to the construction of highways in the State. Plate 7.7 shows Poplar trees at the closing of winter. The marshy areas near the project road are the breeding ground of birds such as Indian Shag. These marshy lands are not expected to be impacted but could be impacted due to the bad practices of the contractors. This impact could be due to dumping of waste materials, or by using it as excess materials disposal areas. PLATE 7.7 POPLAR TREES AT THE CLOSING OF WINTER KM 40.700 7.4.7 ENDANGERED FAUNA- IMPACTS Since all the project roads considered in this report are eco-sensitive and wildlife senstive in nature, the implementation of project could lead to impacts to endagered fauna also. Considerable wildlife presence has been recorded along all project roads considered in this report. Refer Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 consultation for more details. The BIA sudy that is being undertaken is expected to provide the adequate details for the project preparation. PLATE 7.8 NESTING AND BREEDING PLACES OF MIDDLE EGRET ALONG THE UNA- AMB SECTION AT RAISRI ( > A DOZEN NESTS COULD BE LOCATED) KM 23.000 -- S Hiimachal State Roads Project ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 7.4.8 BIO DIVERSITY RELATED IMPACTS It is most likely that the nearby wetlands could be cleared/filled during road construction or may be destroyed by the local people. The local investigation has revealed the presence of large number of bird species along these wet lands. The destruction of the habitats of the avian funa and filing of wetlands will be a potential impact. This could be well against the objectives of the biodiversity conservation. Approaximately 30% of the vertibrates and 20 % of the higher plants are classified as threatened. These threats are directly related to the loss of habitats by destruction, modification and fragmenation of eco-systems as well as from overs use of pesticides and herbicides, intensive farming methods, hunting and general human distrurbance15 (Enviromental Management .2003). 7.4.9 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS-IMPACTS The legal eco-sensitive anlysis has been undertaken in the Baseline chapter. Real or genuine eco-sensitivity is considered in the impact Chapter (refer Exhibit 7.10). This is provided here for impact mitigation while those provided in the chapter 5 is for obtaining legal clearances and approvals from various agencies. EXHIBIT 7.10: ECO-SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT ROADS ROR N4*E LZ UI k- TO FA1M --| I . Mehatpur-Una- Mainly agricultural, Built Declared Protected Considerable wildlife More than 3000 trees Amb up, private Forests Forest Areas presence has been will have to be cut reported-mainly long and removed Una -Barsar- Forests areas and Protected Forests of term operational Considerable forest Jahu agricultural areas Demarcated & Un impacts land would be demarcated required. All trees in the acquired forest areas will be cut. Since the IUCN classified endangered floral and faunal presence in the Himalyan region is very high, a bio-diversity impact asessment need to be carried out. Plate 7.9 Is private forests adjoining the project road at Una. 7.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT-IMPACTS 7.5.1 SURFACE WATER -IMPACTS Surface water will be available for a shorter period between July and December. Soan river is also a good source for meeting the construction water requirements. For the road connecting Una-Barsar-Nerchowk construction water could be a problem. Since springs and small stream water cannot be taped for meetng the construction water, the following possibilities do exist for the Contractor (Exhibit 7.1 shows surface water sourcesd of construction water along Una-Nerchowk road). Whatever may be the source of water, care need to be taken so that the existing water sources of the local communities should not be dried up. Therefore adequate safe distance (this varies from place to place) from the existing sources must be observed in order to avoid the well interference and drying up. EXHIBIT 7.11: SURFACE WATER SOURCES OF CONSTRUCTION WATER ALONG UNA -NERCHOWK ftutlnml-R w awm l -flt . .*.. 0-10 Ground water from the Una and adjoining areas or surface water from River Soan 10 - 50 Govind sagar reservoir with permission from the authorities (see Box 5.1) 50 -126 Reservoir at Sundar nagar (12 km from Nerchowk) could be the best source but need to take official written permission. As mentioned in the baseline chapter except the Soan river, there is hardly any perennial surface water in the numerous rivers that are immediately adjacent or crossing the project roads. I Environmental management ,Dr Swapan C Deb, 2003 Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starfing from Una town Plate 7.9: Private forests behind the temporary structures at Una 18.500 I~-i~ - - -. -4-I - 05/03/2006 7.5.1.1 Pre-construction phase impacts No potential impacts are anticipated during the pre-construction phase. 7.5.1.2 Construction phase impacts Estimated water requirement will be of the order of 10,000 litres per day per kilometre and the requirement varies depending on the rainfall pattern during construction. Requirement will be considerably reduced during monsoon, conversely, during summer season, i.e., March-June; the requirement will be much higher. Depending on the source of water there could be depletion of water sources due to the construction water requirements (Exhibit 7.12 shows potential impacts to water bodies.) 7.5.1.3 Post construction phase impacts Immediately after construction phase, water quality may be slightly deteriorated due to the pollution from the contractor's poor management practices. Nevertheless the situation will be improved with very little or no pollution for many years till the next heavy maintenance period. I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 7.12: POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO WATER BODIES w-: * ~~ h i-rs- . -* -:-: NMehatpur-Una Four non perennial construction waste could be dumped rivers Debris disposal possible to the river Una -.kmb Eight non perennial no POL waste possible to the river bed of rivers Demolition waste from the existing structures could be Una -Nerchowk 11 number of of non disposed off in the water body perennial rivers Construction workers and contractors could use it for personal requirements as for toilet /camping / cooking on the river bed Water extraction through bore wells or tube wells without approval/permission 7.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE- IMPACTS 7.5.2.1 Pre construction phase impacts The potential impacts are related to drainage during construction, as the contractors normal activities could inhibit the natural flow of streams, rivers, nallas etc. due to poor engineering practices during construction especially during clearing and grubbing. 7.5.2.2 During construction During construction due to the handling of massive earth material, all natural flows could be affected. The drainage channels could be blocked. Traffic would be disrupted. There could be localised flooding situation at many places along the project roads. However the situation will not be there for the Mehatpur- Una -Nerchowk section etc, except during heavy rains at localised patches. Smilarly, the secodary worksites could also lead to affect drainage conditions. The secondary construction sites include borrow areas, quarry areas, construction camps etc. The careless attitude of the contractors (especially if sub contracted to local contractors) could lead to series of impacts such as water pollution, damage to the road surface, flooding etc. Positive impacts are expected due to the culvert widening/reconstruction, wherever the existing structures are in a poor condition and there will be new construction along the new alignments (realignments). During construction phase, usually there would be considerable drainage impacts due to poor engineering practices usually practised by many contractors. The natural streams could be blocked due to careless attitude of contractors by storing/dumping of construction materials/ debris or by excavation of the stream/river bed for construction materials. Since most of the riiver beds are dry during most part of the year, Contractor may venture in to putting his temporary structures in the river bed. This is not only risky but also environmentally unacceptale practice. (a)Quarries: Although there are a number of quarries along the Una- Nerchowk section in the nearby areas, it is unlikely that in this project any quarries to be opened up for construction works. Although quarry materials are required for the Mehatpur-Una-Amb section, it is unlikely that Contractor will open up a quarry. (b)Borrow areas; Opening of new borrow areas will generate drainage issues and erosion and considerable loss of topsoil if adequate mitigation measures are not taken. Borrow areas would be required for the Mehatpur-Una-Amb road. (c) Construction camps/Plant area (WMM, Hot mix plants etc): limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town There will be potential drainage impacts relating to the establishments of construction camps and various plants. Drainage impacts at these locations would result in the loss of fertile topsoil including the most fertile forest loam in the highlands. The construction camps also require construction materials for building such as cement, sand, water and power. 7.5.2.3 Impacts during operational Phase The provision of longitudinal drainage (side drains) and improved cross drainage will improve the quick draining of the local monsoon fed running water. There will be a positive impact to the road condition as well as to the local communities due to the flood waters during the operational period. During post construction phase, the surface drainage issues will be prevalent for some time say an year or so but beyond that there will not be any drainage issues as the project design has included very good drainage for both side drainage as well as for the cross drainages. 7.5.3 GROUNDWATER -IMPACTS Construction water requirement will not be an issue for the road widening between Mehatpur-Una-Amb road as there is plenty of groundwater available along the project road16. Exhibit 7.13 is the location of intermontane valleys in HP that has plenty of groundwater reserve. Both 'Una valley' and 'Behl valley' at Mandi are good source of groundwater that can yield the required level of water. EXHIBIT 7.13 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES IN THE REGION LOCATION OF INTERMONTANE VALLEYS HIMACHAL PRADESH -e 10 S .Km Anaura area Valley 12 q | Baml Valley 95 Sq. Km. -- -al- S Nina Valley 230 Sq. Km Panta Valley 180 Sq. __ 7.5.3.1 Pre- construction phase impacts Mfanual oni groundw,~ater development and tube wells in Himachal Pradesh, 1992 Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Other than any approvals or clearances that may be required, no impacts are anticipated during pre construction phase. 7.5.3.2 Construction phase impacts During construction phase due to side cuttings towards hill ward side considerable groundwater would be drained. This could lead to drying of some wells or springs or water sources in the vicinity. Subsurface drainage impacts are discussed in the next section 2.5.4. 7.5.3.3 Post-construction phase impacts It could be possible that drying of the old springs, wells or nalla and new springs formed will stabilise. The subsurface drainage conditions would stabilise to the new situation. 7.5.4 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE- IMPACTS 7.5.4.1 Pre construction phase impacts During activities like clearing and grubbing and during cutting of trees no impacts are anticipated. 7.5.4.2 Construction phase impacts During construction phase, it is most likely that many subsurface drainage conditions will be impacted. As a result, a number of new seepage areas and number of new springs could be evolved. It is also likely that the existing springs could vanish and or the discharge level of the springs could either increase or decrease due to large-scale disturbance to the region. 7.5.4.3 Post-construction phase impacts Due the construction phase, impacts described above the roads could be damaged due to an increased discharge from seepage areas or from newly formed springs. 7.5.5 WATER QUALITY -IMPACTS 7.5.5.1 Pre-construction phase impacts During clearing and grubbing phase, the water quality would be impacted due to an increase in mud and clay suspended particles. However there will not be any other pollution during this phase. 7.5.5.2 Impacts during construction phase During construction phase, POL could lead to an increase in pollution level in the otherwise limited water resources in the region. During construction phase, anticipated potential impacts are due to spillage of construction materials such as cement, POL, bitumen etc falling in to the water bodies and drainage channels from workshops, construction camps, quarries, borrow areas, various plant sites etc of the Contractor. There could be impacts during the construction of new bridges and new CD structures. Along the construction corridor water quality impacts include entering of bituminous waste materials, POL waste, cotton waste etc emanating from the whole construction corridor ultimately find their way to the natural water bodies by rain fall or wind. IFlimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town The accidents involving hazardous materials during construction phase could cause pollution to any dangerous levels due to the spillages etc. Except the large-scale spillage of bitumen (usually during handling), the occurrences of accidents of such types during construction phase are extremely rare. 7.5.5.3 Impacts during Operational phase During the post construction phase, impacts would be minimum for the first one year period and there after it will stabilises and no further impacts are expected. Planned roads with the planned design cross section would be very good to avoid water quality impacts to reduce to an absolute minimum. The upgrading of the project roads will reduce erosion from the roadway and result in minor improvements in water quality. Infact, water quality of roadside water bodies adjacent to the ROW may show slight improvements after road upgrading, due to the reduced erosion from improved roadside berms and embankment slopes stabilized or protected by riprap or other material including planting to prevent soil erosion. Bioengineering has also been planned for slope stabilization for the Una-Nerchowk road as included in the environmental management plan.. . The entry of vehicles to streams/rivers for cleaning could be an impact during operational stage. Other than this, there will not be any potential negative water quality impacts during operational stage. The positive impacts could be the provision of landscaping, retaining wall, tree planting etc contributing to enhanced sighting of the water bodies. 7.5.6 DRINKING WATER SOURCES-IMPACTS 7.5.6.1 Pre construction phase impacts During pre construction and construction phase almost all drinking water sources could be impacted. 7.5.6.2 Construction phase impacts During construction phase, the removal of all drinking water resources along the ROW is essential for the Contractor to work. This will lead to major community problems if not resolved. 7.5.6.3 Post construction phase impacts During post construction phase all drinking water sources of the local people would have already reinstated. Hence no issues are anticipated during this phase. EXHIBIT 7.14: LIKELY IMPACTED DRINKING WATER SOURCES a) Mehatpur-Una: SL No.Q4ANA LaATION WATER SOURCE TOTAL GE LHS RHS RHS 1 5-6 Mehatpur Hand Pump 0 Public Water Supply 2 2 4 2 6-7 Mehatpur Hand Pump 1 1 Public Water Supply 6 2 8 3 7-8 Lower Dehlan Hand Pump 1 1 Public Water Supply 4 4 8 4 8-9 Hand Pump 1 1 Public Water Supply 1 3 4 Public Water Supply 1 1 6 10-11 Behthala Hand Pump 1 1 Public Water Supply 5 4 9 Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Well 1 1 Public Water Supply 2 2 10 13-14 Rakkar Hand Pump 1 1 Public Water Supply 2 2 4 Public Water Supply 1 1 Public Water Supply 1 1 Public Water Supply 1 1 24 25 Total 49 b) Una-Amb Road: 2. - Filter Pump 0 1 3 1_ _ _3. ! _ _ _ I _ _ _ _ WellWel 30 01 31wt 4. Public Water Supply 4 3 7 5. 19.20 |Filter Pump 2 |0 2 6. l Well 0 1 1 7. Filter Pump 0 1 1 8. |Well 0 |1 1 9. Public Water Supply 2 0 2 1C | Well 0 1 1 1 Public Water Supply 2* 1 l l 3 12 Filter Pump 0 2 2 13 _ Public Water Supply 21 1 2 14 | Filter Pump 0 1 1 15 TPublic Water Supply 1* 1 2 16 | Filter Pump 2 2 4 17 Well 1 1 2 18 Public Water Supply 1 1 2 19 27.28 |Filter Pump 3 5 8 20 28-21 Filter Pump 0 4 4 21 AWell 1 0 1 22 | Public Water Supply 1 2 3 23 Filter Pump 2 2 24 Artesian Well 1 l1- 25 Public Water Supply 0 3 3 26 Public Water Supply 1 2 3 27 Public Water Supply 0 2 2 28 32-33 | Hand Pump 0 1 1 29 Filter Pump 0 1 1 30 Public Water Supply 2 4 6 31 34-35 Behra Hand Pump 0 1 1 32 Public Water Supply 2 2 4 33 Public Water Supply 1 3 4 34 36-37 Baruhi Hand Pump 0 1 1 35 Public Water Supply 2 1 3 36 Artesian Well 0 0 0 37 Public Water Supply 0 1 1 38 _ Filter Pump 1 (fitted in well) 1 2 39, Well 2 2 401 Public Water Supply 1 0 1 I limachal State Roads Project El1k for 3 Roads starting from Una town .. .. isN- . T 7f 7 [fjt-,',-IH- '^ 77'' ''1 41 Well 1(tube well) 0 1 42 Filter Pump 2 2 4 43 Well 1 1 44 Filter Pump 3 1 4 45 Well 0 0 0 46 Well 0 1 1 47 Artesian Well 1 1 48 Well 1 1 49 Public Water Supply 0 1 1 50 Filter Pump 2 0 2 51 Well 1 0 1 52 Public Water Supply 0 1 1 53 Well 2 0 2 54 Well 1 0 1 55 Well 1 0 1 56 Public Water Supply 1 0 1 57 . Public Water Supply 1 0 1 581 Public Water Supply 2 0 2 Total 60 60 120 UNA NERCHOWK LIKELY IMPACTED DRINKING WATER SOURCES w -LOri;n-I iT .. LL SX L M .. 0-1 Una 2-handpump 2-public water supply, 2- 1 handpump 6 1-2 Arniala 4-handpump,2-public water supply 3-handpump, public water 2 supply 10 3-4 2water tank handpump, public water 3 supply 4 4 4-5 public water supply 1 5 5-6 Well, tank 2 6 8-9 water tank 1 7 10-11 Jogi Panga 3 public water supply water tank 4 8 11-12 JogiPanga well 1 9 12-13 Khurwain water tank handpump 2 10 13-14 2handpump, water tank 3 11 14-15 Kubadi handpump hand pump 2 12 19-20 public water supply 1 13 21-22 Hari Nagar water tank, hand pump 2 14 22-23 Hari Nagar Public water supply 1 15 24-25 spring 1 16 25-26 Talwari public water supply hand pump 2 17 26-27 Dumkhar public water supply 1 18 27-28 Bangana 2public water supply 2 19 29-30 Dohgi public water supply 1 20 31-32 Saraen 3public water supply 3 21 32-33 Dhundla Handpump, water tank 2 22 34-35 Malangarh well handpump 2 23 38-39 Water tank 1 24 39-40 Dadyar public water supply 1 25 40-41 Lathiani public water supply 1 26 41-42 Water tank 1 Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 47-48 Badsar water tank, handpump public water supply, 27 handpump 4 28 50-51 Bhakreri handpump 1 29 51-52 Bani handpump public water supply 2 52-53 Mangroli 2 public water supply, 2handpump public water supply, water 30 tank 5 31 54-55 public water supply 1 55-56 Tikker 2handpump, public water supply 32 Brahmana 3 33 56-57 water tank 1 34 57-58 handpump 1 35 59-60 Saloni Handpump, 2public water supply handpump 4 36 66-67 Bhota public water supply 1 37 70-71 Aghar water tank well, public water supply 3 38 72-73 Kothi handpump, well 2 75-76 Balokhar Water tank public water supply, 39 handpump 3 76-77 Patta 2handpump, 2public water 40 supply 4 77-78 Jharlog water tank, handpump, public water water tank 41 supply 4 42 78-79 Ladraur public water supply 1 43 79-80 4public water supply 3public water supply 7 44 80-81 2public water supply, handpump handpump 4 45 83-84 Kadhota public water supply 4public water supply 5 46 84-85 public water supply handpump 2 47 86-87 public water supply 1 48 87-88 Mundkhar Handpump 1 49 88-89 well 1 50 89-90 Sulgwan Public water supply 1 51 92-93 Jaahu 2public water supply Public water supply 3 52 93-94 Jaahu Public water supply 1 53 94-95 Public water supply 1 54 102-103 Dhalwan Handpump, public water supply 2 55 105-106 Water tank 1 56 108-109 Spring water 1 57 109-110 Spring water 1 58 111-14 Amal Holu 2public water supply Water tank 3 59 14-13 public water supply 1 60 13-12 2srins 2 61 10-9 Spring 1 62 7-6 spring, handpump 2 63 6-5 Water tank 1 64 5-4 Galma Public water supply 1 65 4-3 public water supply 1 3-2 Public water supply, 66 handpump 2 67 1-0 Nerchowk public water supply 1 Total 146 Drinking water points such as water taps. I-limachal State Roads Project ETA for 3 Roads startng from Una town Likely Impacted drinking water sources are provided for all three roads in the exhibit 7.14. Wells will be replaced if located within the corridor width in such a way that there will be not be any net loss of water access points as a result of the proposed work. The impact to Common Property Resources (CPR) will be up to 80 - 90 percent. This is mainly due to the existing narrow corridors, where the entire land will be utilised effectively for the improvement. The saved CPR are those that are located along the existing roads where realignments/bypasses or at places where a major shift in the centre line are proposed. Impact to all private water sources will be dealt with in the RAP for compensation, resettlement and or rehabilitation. Most of the wells that will be impacted along the Mehatpur-Una-Amb road are shallow tube wells (filter point wells) of seven to eight metres. Cost of such an establishment is 15,000/ (Rupees fifiteen thousand only). The handpumps are said to be costing INR 150,000 (INR 0.15 million.) PWS will also be something like Rs 10-15,000/- During construction period, groundwater will be required for construction activities. 7.5.7 FLOODS RELATED IMPACTS 7.5.7.1 Pre construction phase impacts Pre construction activities such as tree removal and clearing and grubbing will not lead to any flood related impacts. 7.5.7.2 Construction phase impacts During construction phase the project activities are most unlikely to create flood related issues. Nevertheless various construction activities could temporarily worsen the flooding problem due to improper drainage conditions on account of the contractor's poor engineering practices and negligence. If the high intensisty rainfall continues for many days a number of sections along the Mehatpur-Una- Amb sections could develop floods of high magnitude. 7.5.7.3 Post construction phase impacts During post construction phase, flood related impacts would be much less than the pre project implementation impacts. Various construction activities during implementation phase could temporarily worsen the flooding problem due to improper drainage conditions on account of the contractor's poor engineering practices and negligence. This will be more prominent in the case of Mehatpur Una -Amb road where in the total number of bridges and CD works are so high that it could precipitate large scale environmental management issues. Soan River nearby to this alignment is 7 often refered to as 'River of Sorrow" ' Mitigation measures are described in the corresponding mitigation section and necessary contractual clauses and measures described in the EMP. The negative impact due to the raising of embankment would be an increase in floodwater retention time on the eastern side away from the .project road. The proposed road improvements will alleviate the flood/submergence problems on certain flood prone areas of the road sections provided. 7.6 SOCIO-CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT-IMPACTS The social impacts and land acquisition part is separately dealt with in the Resettlement Action Plan and Social impact assessment reports. The socio-cultural impacts that will help to determine the project impacts are described in this section. 7Floods and cloud bursts In HIP present scenario and remedial measurcs AR Sankhyan and A\M Gautam Himachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 7.6.1 LAND USE IMPACTS Most of the widening and improvement of the project roads would be along the existing alignments. The change in land use is very limited along the realignments and bridge approaches. Even the bypass considered at Bhota exists as a PMGSY rural road. Therefore there would not be any significant change in land use along the bypass alignment. Plate 7.10- 7.13 are scenes from the Bhota bypass alignment. This shows that there will not be any significant difference inthe impact for bypass alignment also. Plate 7.10: Bota bypass alignment starting section Plate 7.11: Bota bypass alignment middle section Plate 7.12: Bypass alignment towards the end point Plate 7.13: Water body /River towards the end -- 4 WEEA. Plate 7.1 0 Bota bypass alignment starting section km 67.00 Plate 7.11 Bota bypass alignment middle section Km 67 IL ,¶U FJ Plate 7.12 Bypass alignment towards the end point km 67 Plate 7.13 Water body /River towards the end km 67 Flimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SECTION There is no forest land in the PIA of Mehatpur- Una -Amb section. However the 3083 trees located along the road sides coming under declared protected forests category require forestry clearances. Conversion of some agricultural areas along the bridge approach section and at realignment sections are the major land use changes along the alignment. Otherwise most of the widening takes place within the corridor. UNA- JAHU -NERCHOWK SECTION Deforestation is one of the key impacts on the land use. In this case, more than 5 Ha. of Forest land will be converted to transportation land. The exact forest area required for the project is being worked out. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared based on definitive surveys of the impact area and to document the potential impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement. The total land take for the project road is to be estimated in the RAP. Although localised land use changes could occur, no significant changes to the existing regional land use patterns are expected as a result of upgrading of the existing highways. Impacts on Current Modes of Transport The project proposes bus lay - bys off the main carriageway wherever possible so that traffic flow will not be impeaded. The project also proposes to help the local bodies in setting out parking areas for cars, jeeps and small trucks. A truck lay by is required at Mehatpur near LPG bottling plant so that this will not be a safety issue/impacts. 7.6.2 AGRICULTURE IMPACTS Considerable agriculture areas will be affected due to the construction of new project road approaches towards the proposed bridges from both sides. 7.6.2.1 Impacts during Pre construction Phase No impacts are anticipated. 7.6.2.2 Impacts during construction phase Other than some difficulties in using the road corridor, no significant impacts are anticipated during the construction phase. 7.6.2.3 Post construction phase impacts The agriculture areas in the entire Una-belt will be positively benefited by better transportation facilities. 7.6.3 IMPACTS RELATING TO INDUSTRY Mehatpur -Una-Amb being in a plane area, there is ample scope for more industries. Better transportation facilities could enhance prospective investment seekers to find place in this region. 7.6.4 IMPACTS RELATING TO HUMAN HEALTH & SAFETY Construction Workers Camp: In all over india, road construction works are in the peak stage . With several local/ regional/national and international contractors in place for executing road projects in different parts of India, the road construction work shows lack of seriousness towards this issue. The Contractor usually does not provide legally and contractually required facilities for the unskilled labour, hired from the local villages or are brought to the place of work from outside the State. The Contractor camps and other facilituies are set up in worst conditions even when the contract douments are clearly specifying the required standards. The associated issues are as follows. Forest resources could be encroached up on in all possible ways by the labour force. Unauthorized tree felling to get fuel - wood even when alternative fuel is made available, starting from Una town Hlimachal State Roads Project EI\ for 3 Roads Poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibition, Poor sanitation arrangement and improper methods used for disposal of solid wastes and effluent, Indigenous people getting invaded by imported construction labour -force, due to lack of discipline, inappropriate health Transmission of communicable diseases to the local people by the construction workers due to monitoring facilities, and provision for pedestrian. Creating hazardous traffic flow at construction site due to lack of concern about the local needs and No significant negative human health impacts are anticipated due to: Increased Potential for Transmission of diseases. Contamination of local water supplies. Air Pollution. Noise Levels. Road Safety Impacts and related Safety impacts may include the increased risk of road accidents and their severity due to higher speeds factors. with some The anticipated improvements should result in improved efficiency and a reduction in road traffic accidents degree of travel enjoyment for all road users. municipal waste An impacted municipal solid waste disposal location at Una (Plate 7.14 ). The list of impacted disposal areas are provided in exhibit 7.15. PLATE 7.14: DISPOSAL SITE AT UNA ALONG ROAD 19..O n7 EXHIBIT 7.15 :IMPACTED MUNCIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AREAS: Si No. ,hap Lao" * 6-7 Mehatpur Municipal Solid waste dumping site * 14-15 Rakkar Municipal Solid waste dumping site site * 15-16 Municipal Solid waste dumping * 18-19 Una Municipal Sold waste dumping site * 22-23 Jhalera Municipal Solid waste dumping site * 23-24 Basal Municipal Solid waste dumping site ., . 50-51 Amb Municipal Solid waste dumping_site I limachal State Roads Project ETA for 3 Roads star6ng from Una town I dumping site 3 locations along LHS 4 Locations along RHS Most of the dumping site along Una -Amb is on the dry river bed dropped from the sdes of the bridges. Similarly tonnes of Garbage is disposed at Jahu river bed. This is on of the bad practice by the local communities not realising the actual im[ortance of the river system and the econsequnece ofdisposal to the communities inhabited downstream who are also users oif the same river systems. Road safety accidents and traffic management related issues Most of the existing parking areas will be impacted during construction of the project roads. There would be still some more space left behind for the parking areas. Alternate locations should be identified within the immediate vicinity of the existing parking locations. Exhbit 7.16 provides the impacted parking space for vehicles on urban and rural areas. EXHIBIT 7.16 IMPACTED PARKING SPACE FOR VEHICLES ON URBAN AND RURAL AREAS Mehatpur- Una - Amb Parking Areas 6-7 Mehatpur Parking issue There are two parking issues one for parking for trucks at 6.680 (LHS) Another for parking at 15-16 chainage 7.140(RHS) Parking issue . There isparking area available at 15. 760 -15.880 17-18 Una on LHS of road . There are five parking spaces identified 1 Near Municipal council office 150 vehicles can be parked 2. Near veterinary hospital one more parking site available 3. Parking space available near Municipal Council park 4. Opposite to Ganga Lodge near new bus stand there isalso space available. 5. 2 wheelers can be parked near Himachal Cinema 22-23 Parking area 30-31 Parking area 34-35 Parking area 38-39 Parking area 49-50 Parking area Parking area . 7 parking area 1 park'ing area on on LHS IRHS Una Nerchowk Parking Areas vL C.9.M .TO I PA AEA TOTAL 1 0-1 Una Parking 1 2 18-19 Thana Kalan Parking 1 3 27-28 Bangana Parking 4 40-41 Lathiani 1 parking 1 5 47-48 Badsar Parking 1 6 49-50 Mehre Parking I 7 59-60 Saloni Parking Parking 2 8 69-70 Bhota Parking Parking 2 9 76-77 Patta Parking 1 10 80-81 Ladraur Parking 1 11 92-93 Jaahu Parking Parking 2 12 102-103 Dhalwan Parking 1 13 1-0 Nerchowk Parking 1 Due to safety issues storing of construction material should be allowed only towards the hill-ward side and not on the valley side. for 3 Roads starting from Una town Elimachal State Roads Project EIA institutions are located Highway safety must be considered to be of paramount concern. A number of educational 7.6). School children's are adjacent to the corridors of all three project roads considered in this report (refer Exhbit suffers most. Driver education common victims and in a vehicle/ pedestrian impact it is always the pedestrian who all drivers on various aspects of schemes must be launched with a view to increasing the general awareness among safe driving. 7.6.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL/CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS PROPERTIES IMPACTS significance of these There are numerous temples of very ancient age in the State. Due to the Archaeological Killa Bedi Sahib Gurudwara of structures it is necessary to protect and preserve these structures. The 17th Centuray ( Refer section 7.3 Noise Una need to be carefully protected from any vibrations during the construction phase Mehatpur -Una road. Refer related Impacts). This is located south of Una town on the LHS of cut section along Section in Capter 5. CULTURAL RESOURCES the cultural properties in several Road widening and improvement along the two sections could negatively impact ways as follows (Plate 7.15 shows impacted platform tree at Chainage 28) demolished either wholly or Access to cultural resources will be degraded and structures will have to be the overall importance of the partially/aesthetic value would be reduced/and the fear of the local community that religious property could be lost. of rocks along the project Damage caused by road construction and related works such as hillward side quarrying road. Provisions to avoid such impacts are incorporated in the project contract documents. Potential positive impacts to cultural resources sites include: sites recognised for their religious Positive impacts could occur on the amenity value arising from improved access to and cultural value. 7.17. The impacted religious/cultural properties along the corridors are provided in exhibit PROPERTIES- UNA EXHIBIT 7.17: LIKELY IMPACTED ( DIRECT OR INDIRECT) CULTURAL NERCHOWK , O.,- .. n 1 1 12-13 Khurwain Temple 1 2 14-15 Kubadi Shrine 1 3 34-35 Malangarh Temple 1 4 52-53 Mangroli Temple 1 5 72-73 Kothi Temple 79-80 Temrne 1 7 82-83 Tamroh Temple Temple 2 1 8 91-92 Jahu Temple 1 9 104-105 Temple I 10 106-107 Tamled Temple 1 11 3-2 Malthed Temple Total 11 I-limachal State Roads Project EL\ for 3 Roads startina from Una town PLATE 7.15: IMPACTED PLATFORM TREE AT CHAINAGE 28.000 ( PART OF THE TEMPLE) ~~- --- $ -! ) B44'3/2006 7.6.6 TOURISMS AND PILGRIMAGE -IMPACTS The expected over all impacts for the tourism and pilgrimage is positive. The pilgrimage prospects project will boost the tourism and of the region by providing better transport facilities, parking facilities etc. 7.6.7 TRANSPORT RELATED IMPACTS No significant adverse impacts to the area's various transport systems are anticipated. is also expected to benefit On the other hand the project the economic growth of the area substantially. Expected primary impact of the project road will be an improvement of the performance of the project road improvements will relieve transport sector. The the traffic congestion with the widening allow an improved and improvement measures and will flow of traffic, goods and the people. The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) and the net Present Value is also provided three, project roads considered. in the exhibit 7.18 for the EXHIBIT 7.18: ECONOMIC RETURN DETAILS OF THE PROJECT ROAD I EIRR(%)EECTON Una-Jalera - Mehatpur-Una NPV RL U) (4 Laning) 22% Una-Ner Chowk 802 47% 10079 The Net Present Value (NPV) is the total benefits discounted to the base (EIRR) Year. Economic Internal Rate of is a criterion used for economic evaluation Return of projects such as the HAND annual rate of return PUMPRP and is defined as the generated by the investment. It is calculated in terms of a base case evaluating the economic benefits. and is a means of The calculations depend on royalties. estimated costs and are net of taxes, The economic benefits that are normally duties and considered in evaluating EIRR are: Savings in vehicle operating costs; Time savings for passengers and goods; and Savings in road maintenance cost. town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una I-limachal State Roads Project including, The EIRR depends on various factors Traffic volumes; the road surface. Roughness values that indicate the state of traffic; and Presence or lack of shoulders that can carry Side friction and percentage of slow traffic. used in the calculation of the economic factors after upgrading of the highway are Anticipated improvements in these have been used. The direct physical and biological environmental criteria's benefits. In the whole computations no has been included in the computations. social impacts such, as land acquisition Flimachal State Roads Project EJA for 3 Roads staring from Una town 8 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES 8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES The analysis of alternative is a documented illustration/evidence to show and ensure that final decisions taken * In accordance with the project objectives are; * In compliance with the country laws, policies and legal requirements * To confirm that the project is actually needed and not imposed on the State * not to lead any major loss or destruction to natural resources either * To confirm directly or indirectly that the implementation of the project will not lead to any major crisis or conflict community during construction phase in the * To confirm that the Public/Government financial resources are not wasted for wrong projects/infrastructural works without the consideration of views of the stakeholders * To confirm that no individual and biased approach (for example implementation ambition using public money of a personal in a secretive manner) from the responsible has taken place implementing official/s * In accordance with the actual requirements of the country and * In accordance people. with the World Bank policies and procedures More over the various considerations in the project alternatives has geological/ecological environmental taken in to account the fragile considerations. Sliding of Shiwalik sandstone of Chapter 5. formation is provided in Plate 5.4 These were also integral part of the analysis of alternatives throughout the project stability issues are very well considered preparation. For example, slope in the project and suitable provisions have one of the most important construction been included. Debris disposal is stage issues identified in the project. considered in the proect. This aspect has been positively 8.2 "WITH" AND "WITHOUT" SCENARIOS 8.2.1 NO ACTION ALTERNATIVE The massive revolutionary (refers to Indian Prime ministers Statement on Road infrastructure development revolution after Green revolution etc) taking place in the rest of India with sector developments regards to infrastructure and especially are hardly reflected so far in the road development this Himalayan State. Out of all development, is one among the few most important the road sector infrastructures that will boost the growth State. Even now it is actually late to implement of the economy of the a project of this magnitude in comparison in other States. Therefore 'no to the pace of development action alternative' will impede the economic affecting the living standards progress of the State there by directly of the people in the region. The 'no action tourism sector and horticulture alternative' will not help transport sector, sector to grow many fold. The unemployment develop and improve, growth will prevail, tourism sector will not of the horticulture transport will be worsen. The traffic impeded and consequent loses will prevail will increase many fold in the coming years and of conflicts even at much faster pace before it (refers to human as well as the wildlife could lead to lots Present conflict), accidents, delays and incurring nature of the road is not sufficient to huge indirect loses. meet the development of the region. Traffic with pedestrian movements and by flow is impaired by conflicts increasing ribbon development and inadequate facilities along the narrow corridors. and/or inappropriate roadside Mehatpur - Una- Amb road has the potential to develop as a model is the only candidate road of the State located in the plains. road for such a consideration the Since this 'no action alternative' will spoil this desire. of the State. The' no action alternative' will allow the present unsafe driving continue and worsen. 'No action conditions of this project roads to alternative' will not improve the much needed Una-Nerchowk road connectivity to town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una Himachal State Roads Project region with Una as a nodal plains and the Chandigarh for the entire Mandi town and also to the adjoining Punjab centre. and the local economic development of the State in general alternative' therefore will be against the The 'no action to be under routine minimum maintenance in particular. The project road will continue economy of the PIA districts road. and the drainage conditions of the project without any improvement to the shoulders will add to especially when the traffic levels along the project road Mehatpur-Una-Amb The unsafe driving conditions not address the pressing need of the Moreover the routine maintenance does increases with each passing day. surface and the slope stability trees immediately adjacent to the paved corridor such as the removal of dangerous issues. and the the bamboo tree with its entire root system in Chapter 7 shows an instance where in Plate -7.1 provided The block consisting of the bamboo roads. The dotted line shows its originla place. shoots is coming down to the arrow indicate the movement shown by a continous black line. And the tree with its massive rootes and stems is towards the road down. the filling of potholes and some routine maintenance, alternative' will only allow some patchwork, will not Since 'no action place. The 'no action alternative' therefore improvement of the road will not take actual much needed rain shelter etc. Actually this alternative such as parking areas, bus bays, rest areas, consider widening of the road could be a serious impediment to the unsafe conditions. In the long term, this would leave the highway in its current of the population. the improvement of conditions for all sections development of the economy and thus to 8.3 THE "WITH" SCENARIO in the sketch below with of the so called 'Una road net work' as shown The with scenario is actually the development Una as the nodal point of development. access to all and improvement of the Una -Road net work, Although 'with scenario' considered the development to Haryana would is very close from the Una -Amb road) and access other towns in Punjab (For example Hoshiarpur the State with much Easy linkage to Shimla and all other parts of be easier in addition to the airport at Chandigarh. and established of the region. Project has studied various alternatives less travel time will be a boost for the people the overall development of the State. the need for the improvement of this road for by the Una and (Shimla, Kulu and Manali) will be well connected The current isolated over used tourist corridors With the entire benefits from an area otherwise badly neglected. adjoining areas, thereby reaping part of the I limachal State Roads Project ELIA for 3 Roads starting from Ulna town transport work improvement, the GOHP would be able to start selling other example without any wise neglected regions of the State. For Sea/Ocean Beaches around, Govind Sagar has immense tourism potential for State. The road improvement and development will open up the road for the with regard to the development of the relevant regions especially overall Pilgrimage/tourist scenario of the Chap State. The pilgrimage sites such as Rewalsor, 5 baseline for details) and others in Una (see the neighbourhood(e.g.Jwalamukhi) will connectivity. The development of the get a proper access and roads will enhance the road safety conditions, and growth potential of the enhance economic efficiency area, and improve the overall well -being affected area. and livelihood of those within the potentially The expected operational impacts to the forests and wildlife will study in order be addressed through a proper biodiversity to incorporate and constitute an impact impact necessary mitigation arrangement that includes joint institutional set up with forest mitigation plan and a and PWD. In this way, any probable potential scenario' are alleviated through good impacts due to the 'with engineering practices and a well defined Environmental Management Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) and and Environmental Enhancement Plans. The 'No Action Alternative' is therefore not an option already that can be followed. Government of Himachal rejected this option as evidenced from Pradesh has the implementation of the current work. 8.4 UNA -MEHATPUR -VARIOUS ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES CONSIDERED 8.4.1 GENERAL DESIGN SPEED ALTERNATIVES The following design speeds are proposed to be used in Rural and Urban areas: > Rural Areas: 80 kph > Urban/Built up areas : 50 Kph Studies indicate that the existing alignment meets the IRC codal requirements speeds except at a few approach at most of the places for the design roads to the bridges and at three were worked out other locations. Various alternative alignments at each of the substandard locations, which are described below along with the recommendations: 8.4.1.1 UPGRADING TO 4-LANES FOR THE WHOLE SECTION Based on initial observations and views supported by PWD, traffic section within the section was observed to would require upgrading to 4 lanes. The be heavy. This stretch from Km 5+600 to 6+700 and Urban area is already on 4-lane configuration.. the partial section at Una Analysis of the tree removal versus the two widening options (4 laning & 2 laning) A total of 536 Trees mostly shisham and eucalyptus will be cut for the widening the cost of land INR 1 Crore of this section to 4- lane. Considering (INR 15 million) per hectare the central reduce the land acquisition widening will be most appropriate that to a barest minimum. This will require will the same stretch cutting of all 536 trees. For a two cutting of trees will come down to lane section in two 259 only for central widening option ( lane option for the entire section almost Exhibit 8.1). In case of a half of the trees could be saved. Most Jhalera are full grown ready for harvesting of the trees between Una and type eucalyptus trees. Since the 4 lane option is finally taken saving of trees is not very substantial the in to consideration from Mehatpur -Una-Jhalera. EXHIBIT 8.1: TREES CUT FOR 4 LANING VERSUS SECTIO 2 LANING FOR MEHATPUR-UNA-JHALERA TREES CUT FOR TWO LANE LHS TREES CUTFOR FOUR LANE RHS LHS Mehatpur-Una 102 RHS Una-Amb 57 192 49 51 123 Total for each section 151 102 119 108 294 259 242 536 town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una limachal State Roads Project 8.4.2 GENERAL ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVE are three alternatives alignment in general (Exhibit 8.2) but there The proposed alignment shall follow the existing property. These are to save buildings or a monument or a cultural that could be tried for various reasons for example measures available to the project. simply impact minimisation or impact avoidance ANALYSIS FOR GENERAL ALIGNMENT EXHIBIT 8.2: ENVIRONMENTAL Drinking Water sources Cultivated/Non-Cultivated land resources waiting sheds Built-up area/Residential arealShops/Klins/Bus options for road improvement are; For any road project in planes the three possible line because of the the left side (not to the right side) from the centre widening, (LSW) - This is widening towards and social impacts of Left Side impact. The decision is to avoid environmental in the opposite side due to the magnitude of or impact to sensitive difficulty acquisition and demolition of high-rise buildings magnitude and will not allow costly land isolated areas because of higher alternative general but could be an option at ecological resources. Not considered, as a potential technical reasons. half of the existing trees to Una to Amb this option can save almost If adopted for the entire corridor of Mehatpur- (approximately 3000 trees). towards the right side instead similar to the previous case but the widening Side Widening (RSW) - The case is exactly at isolated areas because of Right alternative in general but could be an option of the left side. Not considered as a potential technical reasons. trees (3000 trees) along the would be able to save almost half of the existing The option if considered for the entire corridor project road. corridor lengths for all three that has been followed in majority of the (CW). This is the general option per hectare land cost would Central Widening for example Mehatpur-Una- Amb section, Since the land value in some of the region of the use of complete available Sections. 2.0 Crores), this option is the best in terms around 15 million to 20 million INR (1.5 to be of existing IOOs of trees. ROW. But this option could lead to the cutting in approach for design optimisation as provided to LHS, RHS and CW with carefull judicial are Such shifts impacts to a great extent. If all these three avoided adverse environmental and social exhibit 8.3 have has been chosen as in the case of or not safe then an alternative alignment not possible/ viable/ a total relocation of the existing bypass. This alternative alignment is realignments and the Bhota used in this report). The or a bypass (refer definition of terms This can be either realignment HPRIDC/PWD alignment. and sociologists supported by the team (design engineers, environmentalists project local circumstances and design requirements all these alternatives depending on the engineers) has taken of the project. For that matter, the of environmental and social dimension with proper consideration the issues with the project site visit to the corridor and discussed Engineer in Chief (EIC) has made a from this visit. affected people. Plate 8.1 is one photograph Ilimachal State Roads Project EJAN for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 8.3 OPTIMISATION OF THE ALIGNMENT FOR MINIMISATION OF THE IMPACT (A) MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB Si. SECTION chainage locaton Action alternatives No: No action alternatives 1 19+700 9trees impacted 16 trees saved 2 25+200 16 trees impacted 16 trees, one temple saved 3 28+600 1hand pump and 3 trees impacted 18 trees saved 4 31+300 Dhusada 3trees and 1tube well impacted 19 trees saved 5 38+700 7 trees impacted 48 trees , one filter pump 6 39+400 13 trees impacted 20 trees and one shrine 7 44+900 13 trees saved 25 trees saved 8 45+800 Katorh kalan 33 trees impacted, 1well impacted Temple saved, 25 trees saved 9 46+700 3 trees & 1well impacted 4trees saved (b Una-Nerchowk section Design optimization for minimizi g impacts Chainage Cha ges Si. No: LHS 1 RHS 3.00-3+100 Water tank, hand pump, 5 trees saved 2 3+500 2 trees saved 3 trees saved 3 5+900 1 tree saved 4 7+660 2 trees saved 5 12+800 Temple &tree saved 6 13.00 3 trees saved 7 15+00 2 trees saved 8 24+700 1 tree saved 9 24+800 Big pipal tree & spring saved 10 55+350 Some forest area saved 11 55+530 1 Hand pump & 1 public water supply.. saved 12 70+700 2 trees saved 13 63+200 Some forest area saved 14 63+650 Some forest area saved 15 63+800 Some forest area saved 16 64+520 2 trees saved 18 64+950 10 trees saved town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una Ilimachal State Roads Project Cha ges Chainage RHS SI. No: LHS saved Little forest area saved 19 65+780 Little forest area tree saved 20 76+300 Very big peepal & public 21 77+320 Peepal with platform water supply saved trees 22 82+500 One temple & 11 (including very big banyan tree) saved 23 95+560 1 tree saved 10 trees & many small 95+900 24 shisham trees saved 2 trees saved 25 97+500 7 trees saved 26 97+600 27 97+800 Platform tree saved 28 98+680 3 trees saved 29 98+800 5 trees saved 300m) 30 99+300 Forest area saved( 31 99+600 3 trees saved 32 99+700 12 trees saved saved 33 99+800 Forest area is high. This is institutional involvement of PWD engineers Apart from the Enginieer in Chief, the overall implementation. surely to help the project to carry forward for and social in various surveys especially the environmental Further the involvement of the PWD engineers to arrive at the finally selected engineering options. surveys and investigations is worth mentioning KM 20.00 PLATE 8.2: ENGINEER INCHIEF WITH A PAP ,r-7z ' K 4,. ILI 6\,, : L WWiSn-s7.. -limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from UTna town 8.4.3 'DEMOLITION' AND 'NO DEMOLITION' ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR EXISTING BRIDGES Although some debates and arguments took place initially, this aspect as a convincing was not prepared in black and white document. Out of the few location specific bridge alternatives available, the decision on alternatives were extremely difficult decisions the (Exhibit 8.4) . Several meetings and were held with the client and client representatives. consultations EXHIBIT 8.4: DEMOLITION' VERSUS 'NO DEMOLITION' ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES FOR EXISTING BRIDGES (a) No demolition action Demolition of old and damaged bridges could alternative be justified, but those that are still in good condition cannot be justified. This will allow us to use it till the complete life of the bridges. This shall be retained if the condition of the bridges permits. Demolition of good bridges will incur loss of public money and cannot be justified as the present day traffic does not invite the demolition and construction of new bridges. One of the main arguments for demolition is that these are constructed as low standard for and these are not recommended 40 r loading by MORTH in recent times. Another argument cost escalation of such construction. is the Cost of construction will increase to postponed till the complete many fold, if utilisation (complete economic return in already invested terms of its utility) of money in terms of the life of the existing there bridges. This has no basis as will not be any such cost escalation in 'real economic terms' as the rupee value (in its entirety) changes over a period of time will not lead to any actual escalation as the revenue, expenditure and the cost of living relating to everything will be relocated to the new time and systems. Since the value of everything changes over a period of time argumert of actual escalation has no meaning. Comments on no demolition of bridges are No loss of public money Appreciation from the local people as there will not be any destruction of good bridges Will be able to use it continuously for many years Demolition of a structure just because the carriage way width is less than standard ina State with just six million people is not in good taste Since this area does not come in the tourist corridor, there is no urgency to corridor to its full-scale width. improve the Being a highly sensitive seismic prone area, demolition of a number acceptable decision of bridges cannot be an No loss of expensive agricultural land Design can be adjusted with other methods for reduced accident rates by lining and signing Loss of fertile agricultural land if go for new bridges o .i Acton Alternaive Construction of good bridges as a part of for to do it. the World Bank funded project will make it easier good bridges for Construction of bridges alone if postponed demolition may not look good for a project of this magnitude. Itwill appear to be a finished product after the replacement of all new bridges. on bridges, project will be With no action an incomplete productproject even when all executed as per the contract works has been A project of this magnitude will have environmental social backing for legal aspects, of that the over all project implementation because would be ina sustainable and productive manner. EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project This work will be implemented by good contractors Less accident and improved safety be retained with a parallel double line all bridges in good condition should From the environmental point of view, bridge at a higher level. MEHATPUR-UNA SECTION 8.4.4 LOCATION SPECIFIC ALTERNATIVES and identified out detailed surveys and investigation analysis environmental team has carried For all location specific decided or marked on the corridor. The exact ROW is not yet a 40m ( 20m on either side) width all features in alignment does not mean that it is for example school along the proposed ground. Therefore all features identified adjacent to the proposed alignment. actually impacted but will be located - Environmental Analysis (a) Curve Improvement at Km 8+400 resulting to a shift of a 360 m radius curve to improve geometry, 125 m radius curve is replaced by Existing but additional land would be no impact on existing structures of about 22 m. There would be alignment 80 kph (min). The land on both the design speed from 50 kph into acquired. The modification shall increase This also reduces the cost. land and another 50% private land. sides includes 50 % Government AT KM 8.400 ANALYSIS FOR CURVE IMPROVEMENT EXHIBIT 8.5: ENVIRONMENTAL I. 4 6 Trees cut 1 stream (w) Water bodies affected supply 2public water supply-i 0 m 2 Public water Drinking Water sources Waste disposal site Waste disposal Near Gurudwara Temples/Shrine Cultivated area Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Eucalyptus Pipal, mango Eucalyptus Pipal, mango Type of trees Built up area Built up area, Built-up area/Residential area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting sheds 1 school School/College/Hospital/Public health centre/Others Recommended Engineering alternative environmental impact due to the 8.5) that there is no significant Environmental analysis shows (Exhibit chosen engineering alternative. at Km 11+120- Environmental Analysis (b) Alternatives considered for Bridge ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 11+120 EXHIBIT 8.5: ENVIRONMENTAL , . .I . ,.,,., .. .. . , . Aftemly 1 Eitmmntipemmamss F - , 530 m Length Cultivated area Landuse 1.40 hectares acquisition Land 4 19 nos Trees cut 1 stream 1 stream Water bodies affected water supply 3 public water supply 6 Public Drinking Water sources area, Grass land Cultivated area, Grass land Cultivated Cultivated/Non-Cultivated mango, eucalyptus Pipal, mango, eucalyptus Pipal, Type of trees area, Shops, 1 brick klin-50 m Built-up area, Buil-up Built-up area/Residential I limachal State Roads Project ElIA for 3 Roads starting from USna town area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting sheds School/College/Hospital/Public health centre/Others 1school boundary-50 m Although the bridge dimensions satisfy the requirements in terms bridge interferes of carriageway width, current alignment with the proposed 4-laning of the road. of the Demolition alternative It is proposed to dismantle the bridge and build two parallel bridges, with the current space bridge, serving as a median between occupied by the existing the proposed parallel bridges. The proposed same length as the original. parallel bridges shall be of the No significant environmental impact due to the chosen alternatives are anticipated environmentally sound. (Exhibit 8.5), therefore (c) Alternative analysis for Bridge at Km 11+840- Environmental Analysis The existing bridge is submersible. Three alternatives for improvement were studied: EXHIBIT 8.6: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 11+180 En trnmetparameters Existin| Alternativer Atemabve 2 Length Landuse 530 430 Cultivated area Cultivated area Land acquisition Trees cut 1.40 hectares 1.06 hectares 13 Drinking Water sources none 1 Public water supply- 1Public water supply loin -10 m Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Cultivated area, Grass Cultivated area, Grass Cultivated land area, Grass land Type land of trees Pipal, mango Pipal, mango Pipal, mango Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Built-up area/Residential Built-up area, Shops Built-up area, area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting Shops Built-up area, Shops sheds Recommended Engineering alternative Environmental analysis (exhibit 8.6) shows that there is no significant environmental impact finally recomended engineering alternative. due to the (d)Alternative analysis for bridge at Km 13.300-- Environmental Analysis EXHIBIT 8.7: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 13.300 Environmental parameters Existing Aitemative 1 Altemafive 2 Length (m) Landuse 310 300 Cultivated area Cultivated area Land acquisition Trees 0.46hectares 0.40 cut (Nos) 15 hectares Water 15 15 bodies affected 2 stream 2 stream 2 stream EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town IHlimachal State Roads Project public water supply supply 4 public water supply, 1 3 sources 3 public water Drinking Water handpump-30 m Cultivated area, Grass Cultivated area, Grass Cultivated area Cultivated/Non-Cultivated land land Pipal, mango Eucalyptus, Pipal, mango Type of trees ber Eucalyptus, ber Public health centre Public health centre Public health centre School/College/Hospital/Public health centre/Others Recommended Engineering Alternative environmental alternative 1 is opted for implementation. No significant Since there is no major land acquisition chosen is 8.7) has been identified. Therefore alternative impact due to the chosen alternative (Exhibit environmentally sound. 16.680-Environmental Analysis (e) Alternative Analysis For Bridge At Km FOR BRIDGE AT KM 16.680 EXHIBIT 8.8: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS . ' . ,.- > < ; . .!.-}r£. . . .. * -l s | 310 300 Length Cultivated area Cultivated area Landuse 0.46 hectares 0.40 hectares Land acquisition 9, 1(platform) 10, 1 (platform) 12, 1(platform) Trees cut 1 stream 1 stream 1 stream Water bodies affected supply 1 public water supply 1 public water supply 1 public water Drinking Water sources Waste disposal 1 temple-15 m 1temple-15 m 1 temple-15 m Temples/Shrine Parking Parking Parking Parking Issues Grassland Grass land Grassland Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Pipal, mango Pipal, mango Pipal, mango Type of trees Eucalyptus Eucalyptus Eucalyptus shops, Built-up area, shops, Built-up area, shops, Built-up area, Built-up area/Residential petrol pump petrol pump sheds petrol pump area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting 1 school-20 m 1 school-20 m 1 school-20 m School/College/Hospital/Public health _ centre/Others Recommended Engineering alternative (exhibit 8.8). No major impacts are the temple and schoo is not impacted Alternative 1 is recommended provided of the proposal. anticipated due to the implementation FOR UNA - AMB ROAD 8.5 VARIOUS ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES the benefit of the understanding of require adequate documentation for engineering alternatives considered Various that will lead to a prolonged implementation will avoid conflicts and court cases all stakeholders in the project. This and rehabilitation including land acquisition, resettlement project. Environmental and social issues period for the to the early identification of all issues early stages of the work. This has lead issues were considered from the very resolves these issues and actions. and actions necessary to mitigate or 8.5.1 GENERAL DESIGN SPEED ALTERNATIVES to be used in Rural and Urban areas: The following design speeds are proposed > Rural areas - 80 Kph I limachal State Roads Project EHIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town > Urban/Built up areas - 50 Kph Studies indicate that the existing alignment meets the IRC codal requirements at most of the places mentioned design speeds except at few for the above approach roads to the bridges and at three alternative alignments were worked other locations. Various out by the consultants at each of the substandard below along with the recommendations: locations, which are described Potential impact if any: Since this is the only alignment where in the entire project road is located proposal looks sound. in plane, therefore the 4 laning and the 8.5.2 UPGRADING TO URBAN SECTION IN UNA TOWN Between the built-up section of Una town and the State Highway intersection Km 22 due with Hoshiarpur road from Km 18 up to to high traffic, the section would require upgrading supported to 4 lanes. However, this will be verified by the analysis of the traffic survey results. and Environmental analysis has been under taken for the two lane versus four lane road as provided in exhibit 8.1. 8.5.3 GENERAL ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVE Location specific alternatives for Una-Amb section There are a number of location specific alternatives for bridges and local realignments. (a) Bridge at Km 19.78- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 93.35 meters. It is a 6.7m, high level bridge and has a carriageway width which is more than the minimum required carriageway of about width of 6.1m. It is necessary to improve the alignment of the approach road at this location. horizontal Two different alternatives for the improvement of approach road alignment were considered. EXHIBIT 8.9: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 19.78 Environmental Exiting Altemative parametesl 1 Atemrative 2 Length 650 Land use 850 Cultivated area Cultivated Land acquisition area Cultivated area 1.65 hectares Trees cut 2.25 hectares 57 26 Drinking Water 46 sources 2 Handpumps (1-10 m) 2 Handpumps Cultivated/Non-Cultivated 2 Handpumps Cultivated area, Cultivated area, Grassland Grassland Cultivated area, Grassland Type of trees eucalyptus,ber,mango,i mli,pipal eucalyptus,ber,mango,imli,pipal Built-up area/Residential eucalyptus,ber,mango,imli,pipal area/Shops/Klins/Bus Built-up area, shop, waiting sheds residence Built-up area, shop, residence Built-up area, shop, residence EIlA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 1-imachal State Roads Project Recommended Engineering alternative impact due shows that there is no significant environmental Environmental analysis provided in exhibit 8.9 to the chosen Engineering alternative. (b)Bridge at km 22.69: - Environmental Analysis with centre to centre spacing of piers at bridge is 11.0 meters, consisting of three spans The length of the existing is more than the minimum and has a carriageway width of about 6.7m, which 3.66 meters. It is a submersible bridge bridge, therefore, a bridge cannot be retained as it is a submersible required carriageway width of 6.1 m.The existing analysis is shall have a formation width of 12.0m. Environmental new bridge is proposed at this location which provided in exhibit 8.10. FOR BRIDGE AT KM 22.69 EXHIBIT 8.10: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Existing 700 800 Length Cultivation Land use 0.2 hectares 0.6 hectares 1.46 hectares Land acquisition 8 Trees cut issue Waste disposal drainage area, Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Cultivated bush ber Type of trees eucalyptus, Recommended Engineering alternative due to the chosen is no significant environmental impact Environmental analysis shows that there engineering alternative. (c). Bridge at km 22.80: - Environmental Analysis centre to centre of piers as 3.66 is 10.98 meters consisting of three spans with The length of the existing bridge more than the minimum a carriageway width of about 6.7m, which is meters. It is a submersible bridge and has bridge cannot be retained due to following reasons: required carriageway width of 6.1 m.The existing (i) Existing bridge is a submersible bridge bridge at km 22.80 is is being proposed at up-stream and since the (ii) As there is another bridge at km 22.93, which needs to be modified too. so close to it, therefore the alignment of this bridge Recommended Engineering alternative to the chosen is no significant environmental impact due Environmental analysis shows that there engineering alternative. (d) Bridge at km 22.93- Environmental Analysis meters. of 21 spans with centre to centre of piers as 3.66 of the existing bridge is 76.88 meters consisting The length touched the soffit of super-structure few years bridge because as per local inquiries water had It is not a high level the minimum required carriageway existing bridge is 5.50 meters, which is less than back. The carriageway width of its carriageway width is not be used, as it is not high level as well as width of 6.10 meters. The existing bridge will bridge as were studied and for the alignment of proposed less than 6.10 meters. Three possible alternatives provided in exhibit 8.11. Ilimachal State Roads Project El\ for 3 Roads starting from lUna town EXHIBIT 8.11: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 22.93 Envionmnee parramdrs E2sg AIMh AiNaUVt 2 AfeMtve3 Length Existing Land use 700 800 cultivation Cultivation Land acquisition Cultivation Cultivation Trees 0.2 hectare 0.6 hectare cut 19 1.46 hectares Water 19 19 bodies affected 1pond 25 1stream 1pond, ( 1stream 1pond, 1stream Drinking 1 pond, stream (dry) (dry) Water sources 2 handpumps-10 (dry) 2 handpumps-10 m 2 handpumps-10 2handpums-IOim m Cultivated/Non-Cultivated cultivated m area, cultivated bush area, cultivated area, cultivated area, bush bush Type of trees eucalyptus, bush ber eucalyptus, ber eucalyptus, ber Built up area/Residential huts, eucalyptus, ber built-up huts, area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting sheds area, built-up area, huts, built-up area, ws huts, built-up area, ws ws School/College/HospitalVPublic health ws centre/Others 1school ischool 1school Ischool Recommended Engineering alternative: It is proposed to adopt alternative two for the proposed bridge keeping in view the permanent structures. of minimum disturbance to traffic and No significant environmental impact due anticipated. to any one of the selected alternative are (e) Bridge at km 24.98- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 191.40 meters consisting carriageway of 11 spans. The existing bridge will not width is less than 6.10 meters. Three be used as its possible alternatives were studied for bridge as provided in exhibit 8.12. the alignment of proposed EXHIBIT: 8.12 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 24.98 Environmental ExsNng Alterative parameters 1 Altematv 2 m Alternative 3 Length nil Land use 800 700 cultivated area cultivated Land acquisition area cultivated area cultivated area nil Trees 1.2 hectare 1.5 hectare 38 Water bodies 38 38 1stream (dry) 1stream(dry) 35 1stream (dry) 1stream (dry) 3 handpumps, 1well, 3 handpumps, Drinking water 1 3 handpumps, 1 well, 3 handpumps, sources 1borewell well, 1 well, 1 Temples 1borewell 1borewell borewell 1 temple 1 temple Parking issues Parking issue Cultivated area, Cultivated area, Cultivated Cultivated/non-cultivated grassland area, Cultivated area, grassland grassland grassland pipal, mango,imali, pipal, pipal, mango,imali, Type of trees ber mango,imali, ber ber pipal, Built uparea/Res- built-up area, shops, mango,imali, ber Area/Sho/Kln/Ws residence, SCUCI/HSLIPHC/OTH bus waiting shed bus waiting shed Ibus waiting shed EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project Recommended Engineering alternative to the chosen is no significant environmental impact due Environmental analysis shows that there engineering alternative. Analysis Substandard geometry at Km 28.8- Environmental FOR BRIDGE AT KM 28.8 EXHIBIT 8.13: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 16 Trees (dry) water bodies 1 stream pump Drinking water sources 1hand Cultivated/non-cultivated Grassland sag, kikkar, ber, mango Type of trees Shisam, Recommended Engineering alternative impact due to the that there is no significant environmental Environmental analysis (exhibit 8.13) shows chosen engineering alternative. (g)Bridge at Km 31.35- Environmental Analysis FOR BRIDGE AT KM 31.35 EXHIBIT 8.14: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS UP,t - [1,;7 - !.-:i4. 300 560 500 Length area cultivated area cultivated area cultivated use cultivated area Land hectares 1.2 hectares 0.6 hectares 0.5 5 Land acquisition 15 11 Trees 15 stream (water) 1stream (water) 1stream (water) 1 Water bodies 1stream (water) 1public water 1 public water supply- hand pump supply-7m 1 Drinking water sources 7 m Solid waste Solid waste disposal, waste disposal disposal, drainage Solid waste disposal Solid Waste disposal drainage Parking issues Parking issues Parking issues Cultivated area Cultivated area Cultivated area Cultivated/non-cultivated Cultivated area Eucalyptus, mango, papal, imli, Eucalyptus, mango, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, mango, mango, imli, ber ber papal, imli, ber papal, of trees papal, imli, ber Type area, Built-up area, shops, shops, res, brick Built-up area, shops, Built-up Built-uparea/Res- Built-up area, shops, brick klin klin res, brick klin res, Area/Sho/Kln/Ws res, brick klin Recommended Engineering alternative impact due shows that there is no significant environmental Environmental analysis provided in exhibit 8.14 to the chosen engineering alternative. I limachal State Roads Project ELk for 3 Roads starring from Una town (h)Substandard geometry at km-32.85-33.1 0-- Environmental Analysis EXHIBIT 8.15: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR KM 32.85-33.10 Environutl W eers Existng Trees 19 Cultivated/non-cultivated Grassland Type of trees Shisam,sag,kikar, bermango Recommended Engineering alternative Curve improvement can be done provided that hill area must be are affected. taken care (exhibit 8.15). No permanent structures (I) Sub-standard geometry at km-38.65-39.00- Environmental Analysis (Exhibit 8.16) EXHIBIT 8.16: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR SUB-STANDARD GEOMETRY AT M-38.65-39.00 Environmental parameters ExistIng Trees 43 Waterbodies 3 Hand Pump Cultivated/non-cultivated Grassland Type of trees Shisam,sag,kikar, ber,mango Drinking water sources 3 handpumps Waste disposal Solid waste disposal, drainage Parking issues Parking Cultivated/non-cultivated Cultivated area Type of trees Shisam,sag, kikkar, mer, mango Recommended Engineering alternative: Curve improvement can be carried out since there are no major environmental impacts. (J) Bridge at 32.2- Environmental Analysis EXHIBIT 8.17: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 32.20 Environmental parameters Existing Trees Water bodies 12 Cultivated/non-cultivated Stream (dry) Type of trees Grassland Drinking water sources Shisam,sag,kikar, ber,mango -Waste disposal 3 handpumps Solid Parking issuesPakn waste disposal, drainage Cultivated/non-cultivated Type of trees Cultivated area Shisam,sag, kikkar, mer, Built-up area/residential area/shops./ Klin mango Built-up area, shops EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project Recommended alternative: any impact to environmental features (exhibit 8.17). Widening can be carried out as there will not be (K) Bridge at km 39.54- Environmental Analysis FOR BRIDGE AT KM 39.54 EXHIBIT 8.18: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS J4!4. -:0 SN ______,,- i 600 600 600 Length area cultivated area cultivated area cultivated Land use cultivated area 0.25 hectares 1.4 hectares 1.4 hectares Land acquisition 11 5 15 15 Trees (water) 1 stream (water) 1 stream (water) 1stream water bodies 1 stream (water) handpump 1handpump 1handpump Drinking water sources 1handpump 1 Solid waste Solid waste Solid waste disposal, disposal, Solid waste drainage disposal disposal Waste disposal drainage 1temple 1temple 1 temple Temples/Shrine 1temple area, area, Cultivated area, Cultivated area, Cultivated Cultivated grass land, land, grass land, grass land, grass barren area barren area barren area barren area Cultivated/non-cultivated Ber, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Ber, Eucalyptus, Ber, Eucalyptus, Ber, mango, papal mango, pipal mango, pipal mango, pipal Type of trees Built-up area, Built-up area, Built-up area, Built-up area, shops, shops, shops, Builtup area/Res- shops, area residential area residential area residential Area/Sho/KlnNVs residential area Recommended Engineering alternative impact 8.18 shows that there is no significant environmental Environmental analysis as provided in exhibit due to the chosen engineering alternative. (I) Bridge at Km 41.0- Environmental Analysis FOR BRIDGE AT KM 41.0 EXHIBIT 8.19: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS AMm.Ivqpni AlternatiV;3 En 80 300 300 Length cultivated area cultivated area cultivated area Land use cultivated area 0.2 hectares 0.20 hectares 0.50 hectares Land acquisition 126 130 126 129 Trees 1stream (water) 1stream (water) 1stream(water) water bodies 1stream(water) Drinking water 3 handpump 3 handpump 3 handpump sources 3 hand pump Cultivated area, Cultivated area, grass land, barren grass land, barren Cultivated area, grass land, Cultivated/non- Cultivated area, grass area area barren area cultivated land, barren area Ber, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Ber, Eucalyptus, mango, Ber, Eucalyptus, mango, Ber, mango, pipal mango, pipal pipal Type of trees pipal Built-up area, Built-up area, shops, residential shops, residential Built-up area, shops, Builtuparea/Res- Built-up area, shops, area area residential area Area/Sho/KInMNs residential area llimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads staring from Una town Recommended Engineering alternative Environmental analysis as provided in exhibit 8.19 shows environmental that there will not be any significant impact due to the chosen engineering alternative. (m)Curve at Km 45.20- Environmental Analysis EXHIBIT 8.20: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 45.20 Length Land use cultivated area Land acquisition Trees Temples/Shrine 25 1shrine Drinking water sources 1well Cultivated/non-cultivated Cultivated Type area, grass land, barren area of trees Shisam,sag,ber,mango,kikkar Builtup area/Res-Area/Sho/Kln/Ws Built-up area, shops, residential area Recommended Engineering alternative Environmental analysis as provided in exhibit 8.20 shows that there is no significant environmental due to the chosen engineering alternative. impact (n)Curve at Km 45.50- Environmental Analysis EXHIBIT 8.21 : ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 45.50 Land use cultivated Trees area Temples/Shrine 46 1shrine Cultivated/non-cultivated Cultivated Type area of trees Shisam,sag,ber Builtup area/Res-Area/Sho/Kln/Ws ,kikkar Built-up area, shops, residential area Recommended Engineering alternative Environmental analysis as provided in exhibit 8.21 shows that there are no significant environmental due to the chosen engineering alternative. impact (o)Substandard geometry at Km 45.80- Environmental Analysis EXHIBIT: 8.22: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 45.80 Environmental parameters Existing Altemative 1 Length Land use cultivated area Land acquisition Trees Drinking 22 20 water sources 1handpump-20 Water Bodies m 1 handpump-20 m 1 stream Cultivated/non-cultivated (dry) 1stream (dry) Cultivated area, grassland Cultivated area, grassland EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project Shisam,sag,ber ,kikkar, mango, pip Type of trees Built-up area shops Builtuparea/Res-Area/Sho/KlnANs 2 school School/college/hospital/public health centre/others Recommended Engineering alternative no significant environmental in exhibit 8.22 shows that there are Environmental analysis as provided alternative. impacts due to the chosen engineering Analysis (p) Bridge at Km 46.20- Environmental FOR BRIDGE AT KM 46.20 EXHIBIT 8.23: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS -.E : - 22 Length cultivated area Land use Land acquisition Trees 1 handpump-20 m Drinking water sources 1 stream (dry) 1 stream (dry) Water Bodies grassland Cultivated area, grassland Cultivated area, Cultivated/non-cultivated Shisam,sag,ber ,kikkar, mango, pip Type of trees Built up area/Res-Area/Sho/KlnIWs School/college/hospital/public health centre/others Recommended Engineering alternative significant environmental impact in exhibit 8.23 shows that there is no Environmental analysis as provided due to the chosen engineering alternative. FOR UNA-NER CHOWK ROAD 8.6 ENGINEERING ALTERNATIVES 8.6.1 ROAD WIDENING ALTERNATIVE is a typical hill road section of this for hill roads. The Una -Nerchowk road The widening options are very limited as it would be will be always towards the hill ward side Along the hill slope, the road widening Himalayan State. could be some locations where filling will to widen towards the valley side. There expensive to go for half bridges are described in the a viaduct would be possible. Such locations suffice and in yet another type of location appropriate sections. 8.6.2 DESIGN SPEED ALTERNATIVES the types of terrain condition in accordance with is distributed in varying proportion in to three The entire road section to terrain condition, topographic speeds were considered with respect classification of IRC provisions. The design the alignment. survey, and geometric characteristics of for usage with respect to class of terrain The following design speeds are proposed > Plain to Rolling: 50-65 kph I limachal State Roads Project E1A for 3 Roads starting from [!na town > Mountainous: 30-40 kph < Steep: 20-30 kph The existing alignment does not meet any design standards for the above design speeds. observed in numerous areas and at Hairpin bends were also these locations, design speeds shall be reduced the standards. Various alternative to a minimum of 20 kph as per alignments were worked out by locations, which the consultants at each of the substandard are described below along with the recommendations: 8.6.3 UPGRADING TO URBAN SECTION IN UNA TOWN Based on initial observations and views supported by PWD, traffic between the built-up section Single lane broad gauge rail track at of Una town and km 1.95 was observed to be heavy. It is section would require upgrading the opinion of the Consultant that this to 4 lanes. However, this will be verified survey results. and supported by the analysis of the traffic 8.6.4 BYPASS ALTERNATIVE AT BHOTA 8.6.3.1 Action alternative Bypass consideration at Bhoata town is through a PMGSY This road project roads recently constructed for village will be improved without any major change connectivity. in the alignment except a bridge at Refer plates 8.9 to 8.12 (four plates) the end of the project road. in the earlier chapter 8 describing the impacts. Since the alignment already exists, this alternative would be a viable option. 8.6.3.2 No action alternative No action alternative will increase congestion at Bhota town and could section. lead to chaos and accidents in the urban 8.6.5 LOCATION SPECIFIC ALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES (a) Bridge at Km 1.49- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 6.8 meters consisting of two spans of 3.4 m each. In accordance inquiries, the maximum water level rises with the local up to top of deck level. The existing bridge a carriageway width of 7.20m, is thus a low level bridge. It has which is more than the minimum required bridge cannot be carriageway width of 6.1m. The existing retained, as it is a low level bridge. The approach roads on both sides of bridge are straight. As provided exhibit 8.24 three different alternatives for the improvement of approach roads were EXHIBIT 8.24: ENVIRONMENTAL studied. ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 1.49 Environmental parameters Existing Altemative 1 Alternahve 2 Altemative 3 Length Land use 600 existing Built-up 600 area, Built-up area, shops Built-up shops area, Land acquisition shops Trees 1hectare cut 7 1hectare Water 7 bodies affected Stream (dry) Drinking Stream (dry) Water sources 2 Hand Pump Graveyard 2 handpumps Waste Solid_waste_disposal, disposal Solid waste disposal, Solid waste disposal, EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project Drainage issue drainage issue Eucalyptus, Br Mango, Eucalyptus, Br Mango, Type of trees Pipal Pipal Built-up area/Residential waiting area/Shops/Klins/Bus Shops, residence residence sheds Shops, Recommended Engineering alternative acquisition and minimum impact anticipated. Since there is a minimal land No significant environmental impacts are to structures, Alternative 2 is recommended. Analysis (b). Bridge at km 2.28: - Environmental of piers at 3.66 of 6 spans with center-to-center spacing the existing bridge is 21.96 meters, consisting a The length of up-to 0.50m above the deck level. It has as per local inquiries and water rises meters. It is a submersible bridge of 6.1 m. The existing the minimum required carriageway width width of about 5.55m, which is less than of carriageway does not meet the minimum requirement as it is a submersible bridge and also bridge cannot be retained width of 10.0m. is proposed at this location with a formation carriageway width, therefore, a new bridge road alignment were alternatives for the improvement of approach As provided in Exhibit 8.25 three different considered. analysis Environmental FOR BRIDGE AT KM 2.28 EXHIBIT 8.25: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS ,t Al m r Me*q i AI,Ir.WyWr0 .#V-AItnaffyo3 E i nn up-.1* 720 720 existing Length Shops, built-up Shops, Shops, residence, use Shops, residence, residence, Land residence, built- built-up area area built-up area .uparea 1.4 hectare 1.4 hectare Land acquisition 17 17 Trees cut Stream(dry) Stream(dry) Water bodies affected 1 public water 1 public water supply, 2 Drinking Water sources supply, 2 handpumps handpumps Graveyard Eucalyptus, ber, Eucalyptus, ber, mango Type of trees mango pipal pipal Built-up area/Residential Shops, residence, Shops, residence, built-up area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting builtup area sheds area Recommended alternative: impacts, alternative 2 is the chosen alternative. Since there are no significant environmental Analysis (c). Bridge at km 3.34: - Environmental piers at spans with center-to-center spacing of bridge is 25.20 meters, consisting of seven The length of the existing of 5.45m, which is less than the local inquiries. It has a carriageway width meters. It is a high level bridge as per not have the 3.60 bridge cannot be retained, as it does carriageway width of 6.1m. The existing minimum required at this location, which shall have a therefore, a new bridge is proposed minimum carriageway width of 6.10m, formation width of 10.0m. I fimachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from UTna town As provided in exhibit 8.26, following three different alternative alignments for the proposed bridges EXHIBIT 8.26: ENVIRONMENTAL were studied. ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 3.34 Envlonmental E.%ft A-ternd parameters A lmvo2 Afterat 3 ve 1 Length 530 Land use 520 Cultivate Cultivated area darea Land acquisition 1hectare Trees cut 1 hectare 10 10 Water bodies affected Stream (dry) Stream Drinking Water (dry) sources 1public water supply Graveyard 1 public water supply Waste disposal Drainage issue, solid Drainage issue, solid waste waste disposal disposal Temples/Shrine 1temple Parking Issues 1temple Cultivated/Non- Cultivated Cultivated area Cultivated area Type of trees Eucalyptus, Ber, Eucalyptus, Ber, Mango, Mango, Pipal Built-up Pipal area/Residential area/Shops/Klins/Bus Shops, residential area, Shops, residential waiting sheds built-up area, area built-up area Recommended Engineering alternative Since there will not be any major environmental impacts, alternative protected. 2 is the best option provided temple is (d) Bridges at km 4.78, - Environmental Analysis Recommended Engineering alternative The length of the existing bridge is 14.60 meters, consisting of 4 spans with center-to-center meters. It is a high level spacing of piers at 3.65 bridge as per local inquiries. It has a carriageway minimum required carriageway width of 6.70m, which is more than the width of 6.1m. The existing solid slab bridge 12.0m. can be retained and can be widened to EXHIBIT 8.27: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 4.78 Environmental parameters Existing Altemative 1 Altemabive 2 Altemative 3 Length Land use 1670 Existing 1750 Cultivated Land acquisition area Cultivated area Trees cut 1.8 hectares 3 2.2 hectares Water 3 bodies affected 1stream (dry) Graveyard 1stream (dry) Waste disposal Drainage issue Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Drainage issue Cultivated area, Cultivated area, grassland Type of trees grassland Eucalyptus, ber, mango, Eucalyptus, ber, EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Himachal State Roads Project mango, papal pipal School/College/Hospital/Public 1 school health centre/Others 1 school Recommended Engineering alternative 8.27 shows that there are no significant environmental Environmental analysis as provided in exhibit impacts due to the chosen engineering alternative. (e)Bridge at Km. 5.35- Environmental Analysis spacing of piers at meters, consisting of 14 spans with center-to-center The length of the existing bridge is 51.10 the deck level. It inquiries because water rises up to 0.60m above 3.65 meters. It is a submersible bridge as per local The existing the minimum required carriageway width of 6.1 m. a carriageway width of 5.33m, which is less than of has and also does not meet the minimum requirement cannot be retained as it is a submersible bridge bridge at this location with a formation width of 10.0m. carriageway width, Therefore, a new bridge is proposed BRIDGE AT KM 5.35 EXHIBIT 8.28: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR ' +. -1 ;.. ' - - |., l,' . ' ' -' , I' .. 1750 1670 existing Length area Cultivated area Cultivated Land use hectares 1.8 hectares 2.2 Land acquisition 4 cut 4 Trees 1 stream (dry) Water bodies affected 1 stream (dry) Drinking Water sources Graveyard Drainage issue Waste disposal Drainage issue Temples/Shrine Issues Parking Cultivated area Cultivated area Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Eucalyptus, ber, of trees Eucalyptus, ber, Type mango, pipal mango, pipal Shops, Built-up area/Residential residence, residence, built- Shops, area/Shops/Klins/Bus built-up area waiting sheds Up area School/College/Hospital/ Public health 1 school-80 m centre/Others 1 school-80 m Recommended engineering alternative 2 sound option. provided in exhibit 8.28, this is an environmentally Based on the above environmental analysis as (fQ Bridge at km. 5.94- Environmental Analysis at 3.55 of 4 spans with center-to-center spacing of piers the existing bridge is 14.20 meters, consisting has The length of rises up-to 0.30m above the deck level. It bridge as per local inquiries because water meters. It is a submersible width of 6.1m. The existing is more than the minimum required carriageway a carriageway width of 6.67m, which at this location with a bridge, therefore, a new bridge is proposed bridge cannot be retained, as it is a submersible formation width of 10.0m. I fimachal State Roads Project E1-k for 3 Roads starting from Una town EXHIBIT 8.29: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 5.94 Envirnmental Existlnq Altemative 1 Altematve paraners I 2 Alternative 3 Length 1670 Land use existing 1750 Cultivated Cultivated area area Land acquisition 1.8 hectares Trees cut 2.2 hectares 9 9 Water bodies affected 1 stream (dry) 1stream (dry) Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Cultivated area Cultivated area Type of trees Eucalyptus, ber, Eucalyptus, ber, mango, pipal Builtup area/Residential mango, pipal area/Shops/Klins/Bus Shops, built-up waiting sheds area Shops, built-up area Recommended alternative: Based on the environmental analysis as provided in exhibit 8.29 the recommended. chosen engineering alternative 2 is (g). Bridge at km 8.3- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing single arch bridge is 18.40m. carriageway It is a high level arch bridge as per local width of existing arch bridge is 4.86m, inquiries. The which is less than the minimum required 6.10 meters. The existing bridge will carriageway width of not be used, as the carriageway width is alignment alternatives were less than 6.10 meters. Two possible studied for the proposed bridge and its approaches- EXHIBIT 8.30: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 8.3 Environmental parameters Exi*tig Alternative 1 Altemative 2 Length Land use 1200 600 Cultivated Land acquisition area Cultivated area 2hectares 1.2 hectares Trees cut 10 10 10 Water bodies affected 1river Cultivated/Non-Cultivated 1 river 1 river Cultivated area Cultivated Type of trees area Cultivated area Eucalyptus, mango Eucalyptus, Builtup area/Residential mango Eucalyptus, mango area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting sheds Shops, built-up Shops, built-up area area Shops, built-up area Recommended engineering alternative Based on the environmental analysis as provided in exhibit 8.30, the chosen alternative is recommended. (h). Bridge at km 11.25- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 9.0 meters consisting of 2 spans is submersible bridge with center-to-center of piers as 4.50 meters. as per local inquiries and the water level It carriageway width rises up-to 0.50m above the deck level. The of existing bridge is 5.50 meters, which is less than the minimum 6.10metres carriageway width EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project width is less than 6.10 as it is a submersible bridge and its carriageway required. The existing bridge will not be used for the alignment of proposed bridge. meters. Two possible alternatives were studied FOR BRIDGE AT KM 11.25 EXHIBIT 8.31: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 240 m 180 m Length area Cultivated area Cultivated area Cultivated Land use 0.4 hectares Land acquisition 3 6-8 Trees cut 3 1 hand pump, 1 Drinking Water sources 1 hand pump, 1 well well 1well Cultivated area Cultivated area Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Cultivated area Eucalyptus, Type of trees mango Eucalyptus, mango mango Eucalyptus, Built-up area/Residential Shops, built-up area/Shops/Klins/Bus Shops, built-up area Shops, built-up area waiting sheds area Recommended Engineering alternative significant environmental exhibit 8.31 shows that there are no Environmental analysis as provided in alternative. impacts due to the chosen engineering (I). Bridge at Km 12.24- Environmental Analysis it does not meet the width bridge is 2x9.3m, with a width of 4.5 m. As The length of the existing low-level RCC slab to be dismantled. requirement of 6.1m, the existing bridge will have FOR BRIDGE AT KM 12.24 EXHIBIT 8.32: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 7 Trees cut 1 stream (dry) Water bodies affected mango Type of trees Eucalyptus, Recommended alternative: in exhibit 8.32 no impacts are anticipated. Since the location is inthe same place as provided (J). Bridge at Km 13.39: - Environmental Analysis a with center-to-center of piers as 9.3m. It is bridge is 18.6 meters consisting of 2 spans The length of the existing deck level. The carriageway width of inquiries and water rises up to 0.60m above submersible bridge as per local width required. The existing is more than the minimum 6.10m carriageway existing bridge is 6.15 meters, which for the alignment of bridge. Three possible alternatives were studied bridge will not be used, as it is a submersible proposed bridge. FOR BRIDGE AT KM 13.39 EXHIBIT 8.33: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 3 Alternative 1 Alternative 2 Altemative Environmental Existing parameters 550 580 m existing Length Land use I limachal State Roads Project ELA for 3 Roads starting from Iina town Environmental Existing ARtematIve parameters 1 Alternative 2 Altemative 3 Land acquisition 1.2 hectare 1 hectare Trees cut 6 Water 6 bodies affected 1 stream (dry) Type of trees 1stream (dry) Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, mango mango mango Recommended alternatives: Alternative 2 is without any land acquisition. Based on the environmental analysis as alternative 2 is the recommended alternative. provided in exhibit 8.33, (k) Bridge at Km 26.10- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 116 meters long, consisting of eight spans with center-to-center at 14.5 meters. The maximum flood level spacing of piers had touched the soffit of superstructure as per low level bridge. The carriageway width local inquiries; it is thus a of existing bridge is 4.20 meters, which is less required. The existing bridge will not than the minimum 6.10m be used as it is a low level bridge and the carriageway 6.10 meters. Five possible alternatives width is also less than were studied for the alignment of proposed bridge. EXHIBIT 8.34: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 26.10 Environmental Exidt Afterr~ative 1 Alternative parameters 2 A lmdve3 Afemntv4 Atematve l_l__ 5 Length 240 m 520 m Land use 620 640 existing Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated area area area area Land acquisition area area 0.36 hectares 1.2 hectares Trees cut 1.5 hectares 1.5 hectares 16 16 17 Water bodies affected 1 river 1 river 1 river 1 river Drinking Water 1 public 1 river 1 river sources water 1 public water 1 public water 1 public water supply, 1 supply, 1 supply, 1 supply, 1 hand pump hand pump hand pump hand Temples/Shrine 2 temples pum Cultivated/Non- Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated area area Type area of trees Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus, mango mango mango Built-up mango area/Residential area/Shops/Klins/Bus Built-up Built-up area, Built-up waiting sheds area, area, shops shops shops I Recommended alternative: As provided in exhibit 8.34 the chosen alternative 2 is recommended because affected. No other of minimum number of structures significant environmental impacts are anticipated. (L). Bridge at km 56.8- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 101.5 meters consisting meters. of seven spans with center-to-center It is a high level bridge. The carriageway of piers as 14.5 width of existing bridge is 4.3m, which 6.10m carriageway width required. is more than the minimum There is no problem with the horizontal geometry of the approach roads. The EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project were width is less than 6.10m. Three possible alternatives existing bridge will not be retained, as its carriageway studied for the alignment of proposed bridge. BRIDGE AT KM 56.8 EXHIBIT 8.35: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR 3 Atemative 11 ALIM- ve 2 Afternathe Env1rwro E*S . 400 210 existing Length area Cultivated area area Cultivated area Cultivated Land use Cultivated 0.6 hectare 0.30 hectare Land acquisition 12 16 12 23 Trees cut 1 River 1 River 1 River bodies affected 1 River Water 1 well 1 well 1 well 1 well Drinking Water sources 1 temple 1 temple 1 temple 1temple Temples/Shrine area Cultivated area area Cultivated area Cultivated Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Cultivated Eucalyptus, Type of trees Eucalyptus,mango Eucalyptus, mango mango Recommended Engineering alternative impact 8.35 shows that there are no significant environmental Environmental analysis as provided in exhibit due to the chosen engineering alternative. (m). Bridge at km 64.4- Environmental Analysis as 14.5 meters. It consisting of six spans with center-to-center of piers The length of the existing bridge is 87 meters the minimum 6.1Om existing bridge is 4.20 meters, which is less than is high-level bridge. The carriageway width of less than 6.10 cannot be retained, as its carriageway width is carriageway width required. The existing bridge bridge. alternatives were studied for the alignment of proposed meters. As provided inexhibit 8.36 three possible BRIDGE AT KM 64.4 EXHIBIT 8.36: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR 3 Altemative 1 Altemative 2 Altemabve Environmental parameters Existing 440 580 330 Length Cultivated Cultivated area Cultivated area Cultivated area Land use area 0.7 hectare 1 hectare 0.5 hectare Land acquisition 1 5 1 7 Trees cut River 1 River 1 River 1 River 1 Water bodies affected 1 public water Drinking Water sources supply Solid waste Solid waste Solid waste Solid waste Waste disposal disposal disposal disposal disposal Cultivated Cultivated area, Cultivated/Non-Cultivated area grass land Cultivated area Cultivated area Eucalyptus,ma Eucalyptus, Type of trees ngo mango Eucalyptus, mango Built-up area, Built-up area, Built-up area/Residential shops, bus Built-up area, shops, bus area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting shed shops shed Built-up area, shops waiting sheds waiting Ilimaclial State Roads Project FIl for 3 Roads starting from Uina town Recommended engineering alternative Alternative 3 is the proposed alternative. In this case no structures environmental analysis will be affected. Based on the above this is an environmentally sound option. (n). Bridge at km 88.5- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 100.8 meters consisting of 28 spans with center-to-center The water level reaches up-to deck level of piers as 3.6 meters. during floods as per local inquiries. The carriageway is 4.7 meters, which is less than width of existing bridge the minimum 6.1Om carriageway width required. retained as it is a low level The existing bridge cannot be bridge and also the carriageway width alternatives were is less than 6.10 meters. Three possible studied for the alignment of proposed bridge. EXHIBIT 8.37: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 88.5 Envionmental Existing| Altemative 1 parameters Altemative 2 Altemative 3 Length existing 420 Land use Cultivated area 500 Land acquisition nil 0.96 hectare Trees cut 5 1.2 hectare Water bodies 5 5 10 affected canal canal Drinking canal canal Water sources 1 public water 1 public water 1public water 1public Supply supply water Graveyard supply supply Waste disposal Drainage issue Drainage issue Temples/Shrine Drainage issue Drainage issue Parking Issues Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Cultivated Cultivated area, area Cultivated area Cultivated area Type of trees Eucalyptus, grass land mango Eucalyptus, mango Eucalyptus,mango Built-up area/Residential Built-up area, area/Shops/Klins/Bus Built-up area, shops, bus shops, bus waiting waiting Built-up area, shops, Built-up area, sheds waiting shed shed bus waiting shed shops Recommendations engineering alternative Alternative 2 is the proposed alternative. In this case minimum no. of structures will be affected. environmental analysis provided in exhibit Based on the 8.37, this is an environmentally sound option. (0) Bridge at km 94.5- Environmental Analysis The length of the existing bridge is 376 meters. The carriageway width of existing bridge is than the minimum 6.10 meters carriageway 5.47 meters, which is less width required. The existing bridge was on the local enquiry. The existing submerged very recently based bridge cannot be retained as it is a submersible also less than 6.10 meters. bridge and its carriageway width is Three possible alternatives were studied 8.38). for the alignment of proposed bridge (Exhibit EXHIBIT 8.38: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS FOR BRIDGE AT KM 94.5 Environmental Existing Altemative 1 parameters Alternative 2 Alternative 3 Length existing 1000 1000 town EIA for 3 Roads staring from Una Himachal State Roads Project Aibnot- t AItAn*M 3 aI E -1- .aL r;-!. - r- .j. f.f...... rf; . p-ts f !w~A-"s'| - e 1.t . Land use hectares nil 1.8 hectares 1.8 acquisition Land 40 14 25 Trees cut 40 1 river 1 river 1river 1river Water bodies affected (dry) 1stream (dry) 1 stream (dry 1 stream (dry) 1stream Waste disposal Solid waste disposal, drainage Temples/Shrine issues Parking issues Parking issues Parking Parking Issues Parking issues area Cultivated area Cultivated area Cultivated Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Cultivated area Eucalyptus, Type of trees Eucalyptus, mango mango Eucalyptus, mango Eucalyptus, mango area/Residential area, Built-up Built-up area, Built-up area, shops, Built-up area/Shops/Klins/Bus Built-up area, shops, shops, petrol pump petrol pump shops waiting sheds petrol pump Recommended alternative: sound. The chosen alternative 3 is environmentally (P). Bridge at km 5.0- Environmental Analysis span with center-to-center of expansion joints bridge is 25.10 meters consisting of a single The length of the existing width of existing bridge is 4.9 meters, bridge as per local inquiries. The carriageway as 25.10 meters. It is a high level cannot be retained, as its carriageway width required. The existing bridge which is less than the minimum 6.10m were studied for the As shown in exhbit 8.39, two possible alternatives carriageway width is less than 6.10 meters. alignment of proposed bridge. FOR BRIDGE AT KM 5.0 EXHIBIT 8.39: ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Altwno,ve 1 Alemave 2 Environmental parameters ExisUng existing 125 m Length Land use nil 0.3 hectares Land acquisition 4 2 2 Trees cut 1river, 1 dam 1 river, 1dam 1river, 1dam Water bodies affected 1shrine 1shrine 1 shrine Temples/Shrine Parking Issues grassland land grassland Cultivated/Non-Cultivated Grass ber, mango ber, mango Eucalyptus, ber, mango Eucalyptus, Type of trees Eucalyptus, Built-up area/Residential area/Shops/Klins/Bus waiting Built-up area, shops area, shops Built-up area, shops sheds Built-up Recommended Engineering alternative major environmental impacts. For the chosen alternative are 2, there are no 1-firnachal State Roads 1Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from lna town 8.6.6 REALIGNMENT ALTERNATIVES Realignments were chosen after careful analysis of Engineering anvironmental and environmental realignment alternatives. Such design dimension of the decisions has helped the project to exhibit 8.40. save trees and properties as shown in the EXHIBIT 8.40 REALIGNMENT Si. ALTERNATIVES ALONG UNA- NER CHOWK chainage locaton Action alternatives No: No action alternatives 1 7÷100 Samoor 8 trees impacted, improvement of curve kalan 5 trees and 1hand pump impacted, curve not 2 7+800 good 7trees impacted, improvement of curve 5 trees impacted, curve not good 3 8+200 2 trees impacted (bridge site) Improvement of sharp curve( prone to accident) 4 9+500 (bridge site) Improvement of the curve, One very small tree Curve prone to accident of cheed will be impacted 5 10+500 6 trees impacted, improvement of curve 7trees impacted, curve isprone to accident. 6 10+900 Jogi panga 10 trees impacted, Bridge site, curve Poor improvement curve, built up area, 5 trees will be 7 11+800 impacted. 9 trees impacted, improvement of curve Built up area & hand pump to be impacted, 6 8 14+800- trees to be impacted poor curve. Improvements of very sharp curves, about 15+700 40 Very prone to accidents, no scope of small trees impacted from the forest area widening on the existing road, 20 trees will be 9 16+500 Very small impacted. trees in forest area, straightening Small trees of the curve will be impacted inforest, very sharp curve (prone to 10 16+900 Kakrana accident). 10 trees impacted, improvement of very sharp curve 5 trees will be impacted, curve will creat accidents 11 18+100 Thanakalan Improvement of very sharp curve, 2 trees Sharp curve impacted, bridge 10 trees will be impacted, two 12 19+300 culverts 6 trees impacted, Improvement of curve 4trees will be impacted, very sharp curve( prone 13 to accident) 19+380 Bilkuali 20 trees will be impacted, Improvement of 10 trees curve will be impacted, very sharp curves 14 19+380- Bilkuali 35 trees impacted, curve improvement 19+780 20 trees will be impacted, very sharp curves 15 20+400 10 trees impacted, improvement of curve 10 trees will be impacted, very sharp curve prone to accident) 16 25+200- Dumkhar 10 trees impacted, built up area & agricultural Sharp 25+600 land curve, built up area, 7 trees will be 17 26+ impacted, sharp curve, one temple 400 Bangana 15 small trees impacted, curve improvement 10 trees to be impacted, from safety point of view very sharp curves 18 35+600 Tanoh 10 trees impacted, improvement of curve 13 trees impacted, curve not good, built up area 19 36+200 Tanoh Improvement of curves for safety, 16 trees Very impacted sharp curves, 10 trees will be impacted 20 45+600 EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I limachal State Roads Project alternatives alternatives No action Si. chainage locaton Action No: Spring, temple & 1platform tree will be 20 trees impacted, improvement of curve 21 55+900 impacted, 15 trees will be impacted, poor cur sharp curve, house will be impacted impacted, improvement of curve Very 22 95+400 9 trees curve (prone to accident) of curve very sharp 23 96+100 Improvement will be impacted, sharp curve impacted, improvement of curve 10 trees 24 96+300 16 trees be impacted of curves, 10 trees impacted 5trees will 25 97+300- improvement 97+500 very sharp curve (prone to accident), 10 tree 10 trees impacted, improvement of very sharp 26 97+900 will be impacted curve very sharp curve (prone to accident), 5trees Improvement of very sharp curve, 5 small 27 98+300 Dhalwan be impacted trees impacted of very sharp curves, 10 trees Sharp curves 28 98+600- Dhalwan Improvement 98+900 impacted of curve, 1tree impacted Sharp curve 29 99+300 Dhalwan improvement curve, of very sharp curve, 3trees Very sharp 30 99+800 Dhalwan Improvement impacted curve, impacted, Improvement of curve Sharp 31 100+800 7trees Built up area, very sharp curve (prone to Very sharp curve improved 32 103+200 Tamled accident) to accident curve improved, 5 trees impacted Curve prone 33 103+500 Very sharp 1hand pump, very sharp cur trees, improvement of curve Built up area, 34 104+500 Very small 7 trees will be impacted. impacted, curve improvement, Poor curve, 35 105+100 15 trees curve impacted, curve improvement, Sharp 36 105+600 8 trees will be impacted curve improvement Poor curve, 3trees 37 108+500 5trees impacted, ALTERNATIVE 8.6.7 ROAD CROSS SECTION specifically the project uses a menu of cross sections illustrated in Chapter 2 Project description, As described and plane, rolling and hilly area as provided in the individual sections of the highway in the tailored to the conditions along within the design and selection of environmental and social considerations the Chapter 2 Project details. Resolution concerns within the element of "mainstreaming" the environmental of the various cross sections was an essential design process. ALTERNATIVES 8.6.8 ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT were considered as discuissed. Various environmental enhancement alternatives I limachal Statc Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 8.6.8.1 Bus lay-bys The bus- lay - bys were integrated with the engineering design drawings investigations underlined when the environmental and the need for the same. These were social considered for almost all existing rain sheltors. 8.6.8.2 Rain shelters or Bus waiting shed Rain shelters are included in all possible locations. The community demand reainsheltors were however for providing toilet facilities with unabale to consider and include in mainatain?' the designs due to the question on 'who will 8.6.8.3 Parking areas Parking is a major issue in the HP, therefores where ever possible design. Contractor parking provisions have been included need to integrate the excess space in the earthen available in alil areas to the roads system /gravel parking areas. No additional cost with cost effective for the project are anticipated in the process. 8.6.8.4 Cultural property rehabilitation All impacted cultural properties will be rehabilitated and those in the vicinity will be integrated to the road systems.. ElI k for 3 Roads starting from Una town I-limachal State Roads Project MEASURES 9 IMPACT MITIGATION & AVOIDANCE impacts, to reduce cost and to as the principal means to minimise project In this project, avoidance has been taken right of way. works in this project will be confined to the existing avoid delays. Therefore most of the construction S SEcrON TrEOFTHE EITC NUMBER *lnE0 H ETO to Geographical settings, Presents mitigation measures relating 9.1 Land environment and seismology; soil Physiography and drainage patterns; geology patterns; and mitigation conditions; existing and potential erosion and borrow pits. measures relating to quarries, crushers; meteorological conditions of Presents mitigation measures relating to 9.2 Air Environment including a description the area, existing ambient air quality conditions, the sampling and testing of the locations of monitoring stations and methods employed. levels, Presents mitigation measures relating to noise 9.3 Noise Environment surface water bodies and Presents mitigation measures relating to 9.4 Water Environment and cross drainage groundwater conditions; water resources Influenced Area (PIA). structures within the Project corridor/ Project to Flora, Fauna and Presents mitigation measures relating 9.5 Bio Environment the project ROW and in Ecosystems, forestry, wildlife and trees along the Project influenced Area (PIA) socio economic aspects of Presents mitigation measures relating to 9.6 Socio-cultural etc. Presents mitigation the community, indigenous people, land use environment to road projects, including measures relating to health issues related of diseases and the available data with regard to the incidences disease as stipulated in the relevance of truckers and the spread of relating to road safey, World Bank Guidelines. Mitigation measures measures relating to traffic management and accidents. Mitigation temples and cultural artefacts. ._ shrines, monuments, identified. a number of environmental issues were surveys, consultations and site investigations; were During various measures for avoidance and impact mitigation analysing various alternatives and effective Thought process for For example, in the case of Una- Amb to be a problem due to several constrains. considered. Avoidance was found In other areas, involvement be very high and the land cost is also high. to save one row of trees, social impacts will of forest land is the constrain. of Chapter 7 Potential were classified as provided in the beginning During the EA process major and minor issues Impacts. below. planned for the environmental aspects shown The generalised mitigation plans have been impact to Forest areas • Compensatory afforestation against impact to road side trees • Compensatory avenue plantation for pilot bio engineering and geotechnical solutions • Slope stabilization issues that includes • Debris and waste disposal Bio diversity study • Bio-diversity conservation after a through • Measures to improve road safety for schools and hospitals > Noise barriers drinking water supply schemes, wells and other sources of • Rehabilitation of hand pump, public water water courses • Mitigation and avoidance measures for I-imachal State Roads Project 1HIA for 3 Roads starting from Una townt > Flood alleviation along flood prone areas > Environmental monitoring during construction and operational Phases > Parking areas for cars and trucks > Bus lay - bys and Rain shelters > Access roads for agricultural and industrial areas > Tree removal and tree planting > Community requirements (a variety of community requirements are provided in Chapter 6 consultation) > Impact mitigation for religious places > Mitigation for most congested areas > Cultural property rehabilitation > Provision for longitudinal and cross drainage > Forestry Wildlife/traffic conflict Mitigation works relating to each of the above category is described in mitigation costs for different the respective sections. Environmental mitigation measures are provided in EMP. Elaborate institutional arrangements for the implementation project of the mitigation and enhancement will be described in the contract /Package measures of the wise Environmental Management Plan packaging has been provided earlier in (EMP). The contract Chapter 2. Bill No 11 of BOQ titled 'environmental provide Bill of Quantities (BOQ) mitigation works' will relating to Environmental Management Plans'. other detailed environmental The bill no 2 and 3 also provides the mitigation works such as topsoil conservation environmental mitigation and site clearance. Bill includes all costs of the Una road net work for environmental actual implementation. impact mitigation and enhancements for 9.1 LAND ENVIRONMENT All construction works are directly related to the to the land environment. Therefore several mitigation plans for the Contractor need to prepare various construction activities. These are These plans are described provided in the box 9.1 Contractors plan. in the respective sections as well as in the Environmental Management plan (EMP). Box 9.1 Management Plans to Be Develoed by the Contactor Before Starting Constructlon Activitis Debris/Muck transportation and disposal plan Landscape and visual integration management Traffic management plan plan during construction Road safety emergency Borrow/quarry/crusher response plans area development and Top soil collection rehabilitation plans and disposal plans Construction camps and work force management plan Construction water management plan Waste management plan 9.1.1 LOCATION OF THE PROJECT ROADS Since the project location is in the River Soan's flood plain (with 73 tributaries 'River of sorrow') crossing the River Soan is often referred to several rivers and streams flood related character of the mitigation measures are required. Due road ( other reasons are also there), a number to this height of bridges will be reconstructed and the of the road at many places have been uniformnely embankment raised to avoid flood related issues. Due to its locational advanatge in the Punjab plains, it is the only considered and high speed corridor in the State. This fact many features such as four laning at critical has been sections has been included in the design. This is further described in the section relating to flood. required Other than this, no other specific for the locational advantage or disadvantage. mitigation efforts are EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Flimachal State Roads Project 9.1.2 GEO-MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS Mehatpur -Una-Amb section relating to the following. Impact mitigation along this section will be 1961) Opening and closing of borrow areas- ( IRC:10 as per MORTH Clause No 302 Opening and closing of quarry areas ( if required) Disposal of excess materials - as well as flood prone areas Construction of embankments for bridge approaches Construction of additional width for transportation changes in the project description provides the general alternatives presented in the Chapter 2 The cross section in height, all through out the Mehatpur-Una-Amb along the corridor. There will be an increase embankment height all of the project road. A comparatively and activities relating to the construction section due to the new construction chainage 21-22 , 39-41 and in all (2 to 2.5 m) in all flood prone locations ( significant rise in the embankment height bridge approaches) has also been planned. area development, collection and implement separate plans for the borrow Contractor need to prepare and road widening. materials obtained while excavating for the transportation and disposal of debris or excess survey team which need to be further that have been identified by the environmental Exhibit 9.1 is the locations with local bodies . Although no the PWD as a part of the institutional coordination confirmed and documented by been identfied along this road -Amb section, a number of locations have debris would be generated from Mehatpur the Una-Nerchowk section. also.to meet any aditional requirements along AREAS ALONG THE PROJECT ROADS EXHIBIT 9.1: IDENTIFIED DEBRIS DISPOSAL a) Mehatpur-Una-Amb Pond 80m dia and 2 7.100 Rl IS Mlehatpur m depth Back of Gurudwara sq.m) 7.900 LI-IS Lower Dehlan gram Panchavat (2500 near school NAX 9.100-10.600 Within 3 km Upper Dehalan Near Kiisan Bhavan Near truck union 17.000 RI-IS Una Nagar (Mehatpur-Uina) Panchavatli office LI-IS NA at Chadralok colony 16.980 Do Near lKalibhai sahib 3km NA sites) Packaparoh Within Klhatlor khurd gram Panchavatlh (Qwo & 45.900 in 3 km NA of substation 33.420 to 33.580 With Begra Gram Panchavtah at the back NA road to 35.16-35.280 RI-IS Diara Gram panchavath Near the link village Diara flimachal State Roads Project 1EJ1.\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town B) Una-Nerchol%k LOCATION CHUANE Bangana D STANCE FROM THE ROAD PRE LUW8E 28+280 100-200m School ground & Saraen (Dohgi) 31+00 vacant land lust along the roadside Malangarh No use 35+040 Just along Ilharlog the roadside No use 79+30(: 100-200mn l'aalu Sclhool ground 64+580 just along l]athiani the roadsidc No use 41 +040 350m 'Ianoh School ground 38+120 just 'Ianoh1 along the roadsidc No use 38+020 Just along Bhomkhar the roadside No use 82+030 800m Nlalthcd Panchavat No use 3+080 400-5OOm Galma panchavlat No use 3+360 100-200m Galma No usc 200-300m Sidhlvani Pancha-t School ground 11+500 just along Sidlhvani Panchavat the roadside No use 10+400 Just along the Sidlhvani Pancha.vat roadside No use 9+850 Just D)halwan along the roadside No use 102+340 2 km Dhalwan awav ornm the road Sclhool ground 103-025 500 m awav from I admur School ground the road School ground 79.40 150 ]J 1S along lUna-Nerchoxvk School Ground Una-Barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk section Most of the road along this, traverses hill sections requiring widening towards utilise bio engineering hill ward side. Project has plans to techniques (Refer box 7.1) for slope stabilisation. recommendations A report on the bio engineering studies and are provided in a separately bound volume. sections. These are further discussed in the respective Total quantity of excess materail required to be disposed off safely is estimated as 228,801 3 the debris disposal, maximum weightage m For the purpose of has been given to consult local institutions from the very early stages for identifying suitable locations of the project. Accordingly almost all Panchayath agreed to help the project. pradhans were consulted. Most of them Accordingly, a list of the available location above requirements identified is provided in exhibit 9.1. are very clearly specified in All of the the construction contract documnents including Management Plans (EMP). In order to make Environmental it viable for the Contractor, provisions for additional disposal sites and the provision for the constrcution lead distance to the of retaining walls also has been included. Contract has specification for the requirement for the stabilization of the embankment walls , breast walls, toe walls slopes by turfing, retaining and stone pitching. Monitoring and supervising be the Construction Supervision agency for the construction works will Consultant (CSC) appointed by the PWD. 9.1.3 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA Geologically the area is fragile along most of the road alignment except along the Shiwalik relatively stable. Even along the sand stone which are sand stone areas land slips has been recorded. preventive measures in the (Plate 5.4 Chapter 5.0). Several form of slope stabilisation and good engineering construction along hill roads. practices are warranted for any Most of the outcrops of the Shiwalik sandstones exposed along the project road construction. According road will have to be cut and used for the to the State mining geologist, the rocks if crushed bet for the road construction using cone crushers could be a best along the project road and added that all stones. crushers cannot be fit for crushing the sand Clearances and approvals from agencies such as Police, Fire, Mining Geology (Industries would be required for blasting of sand deprtment) and PCB stones out crops as it involves use of explosives Contractor should use silent blasting ( Box .Along the forest areas, techniques so that the wildlife is not disturbed. ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town IFlimachal State Roads Project use of explosives by the Contractor Box 9.1 Handling Storgae transportation and by the Engineer, the Contractor will not be provided in the contract or ordered or authorized Except as may or authorized, the Contractor will the use of explosives is so provided or ordered use explosives. Where besides the law of the land as of the following Sub-Clauses of MoRTH 302 comply with the requirements and will comply with appropriate will at all times take every possible precaution applicable. The Contractor storage and use of explosives. relating to the importation, handling, transportation, laws and regulations post sufficient warning flagmen, to the times when engaged in blasting operations, The Contractor will at all with and inform well in Contractor will at all times make full liaison full satisfaction of the Engineer.The public bodies and as is required from all Government Authorities, advance and obtain such permission affected by blasting or affected or likely to be concerned or private parties whomsoever concerned the statutory laws, only with permission of the Engineer. All operations. Blasting will be carried out will be transport, storage, handling and use of explosives regulations, rules etc., pertaining to acquisition, or as permitted out during fixed hours (preferably during mid-day) strictly followed. Blasting will be carried for pre-splitting) known to all the people within 1000m (200m by the Engineer. The timing should be made from the blasting site in all directions inhabitations. The requirements of the country away from human Explosives should be stored as per the legal could endanger the life of wildlife inthe area. storage areas should not lead to explosions that shall not be kept in with all activities requiring explosives. Explosives Licensed miners should be appointed to deal the vehicles as storage place. from the wildlife and the DFOs for the purpose of the clearaces Contractor should consult the Forest range officers law, this type of Even if such permissions are not required by wing and also to obtain licences and approvals. could help to resolve all related issues. consultations and verbal notice to all stake holders DISTURBANCE 9.1.4 MITIGATION RELATING TO SEISMIC activities. in the EMP for undertaking project construction necessary precautions have been incorporated under the All has been planned for all bridges to be constructed earthquake resistant structures with seismic restrainers during earthquakes as it happened in Gujarath. project. This is to avoid overtopping of bridges account. have taken the area's seismic characteristics into Designs of all structures like bridges and CD structures new structures will be constructed. Most of the bridges will be abandoned and pucca due and landslips, no other mitigation actions are warranted Except for the design precautions against the landslides warranted. actions related to seismic conditions are considered to high seismicity inthe area. No additional mitigation 9.1.5 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS Mehat pur - Una - Amb road sections and the bridge approaches construction materials for raising the flood prone This road requires considerable uniform vertical gradient. The bridge of alternatives) and also for obtaining the required (described in analysis 243,608m3 and the total estimated fill is higher quantities. The total estimated net cut is approaches will require even m3 is required to be obtained from borow 3 materail quantity of 192,569 510,359 m. This means that an additional areas. Borrow areas side widening of Alternatively this could be obtained from the hillward A number of borrow areas would be required. may not be practically form the Nerchowk road would be higher, this Una -Nerchowk road. Since the lead distance up new borrow areas inthe vicinity. possible. Therefore Contractor will have to open I limachal State Roads Project EllA for 3 Roads starting from LTna town Borrow areas will be located outside the ROWs, according to IRC norms and the restoration completion of works in full compliance of the pits will follow the with the new IRC specifications (IRC:10:1961) Management Plan (EMP). Although and the Environmental the locations of borrow areas are negotiated owners, contractual arrangements between the Contractors and land for opening and use of material borrow pits enforceable provisions according for the roads are required to contain to the borrow area management plan. Most important provisions are: (a) Excavation and restoration of the borrow areas and their surroundings must sound manner to the satisfaction be conducted in an environmentally of the Engineer before final acceptance contract. and payment under the terms of the (b)Areas will be graded to ensure drainage and visual uniformity, or to create permanent tanks / dams. (c ) Topsoil from the opening of borrow pits should be saved and reused Engineer. in restoring the pits to the satisfaction of the (d)Additional borrow pits should not be opened without the restoration of those areas no longer in use. (e) No borrow pits will be allowed in the Forest/private forest areas. (f) As a good practice trucks carrying the various construction materials should be covered with tarpaulin sheets. (g) Some of the seasonal ponds in the vicinity of the project road could be used are the breeding grounds of the for obtaining material. Since these birds this activity must be confined to the birds are out. dry months when the pond is dry and the In order to address all issues relating to opening, closing, transportation, Contractor need haul roads, clearances and approvals, to prepare and implement a borrow area the management plan duly approved by the Engineer. Una- Barsar- Jahu- Nerchowk road Quarry areas Along the Una-Nerchowk road the material obtained (refer 5.4 in Chapter will be utilised to the 5) while widening towards hillward side extent posible provided the quality requirements Contractor can buy for construction are met. Alternatively this from the neighbouring Punjab State are also. In such cases Contractor need legitimate sources meeting the legal requirements to ensure that these of the country. Consultant has identified sources as provided in exhibit 5.6. a number of material It is also now known that there are few along Una - Nerchowk. quarries in the vicinity of the project road In order to address all issues relating to opening, closing, Contractor transportation, haul roads, clearances will have to prepare a quarry area management and approvals, plan duly approved by the Engineer. Preparation and execution of these management plans under good supervision arising out of these activities. will mitigate most of the impacts Most of the construction material for this road would be obtained from the the valley ward side side cutting for hillward side widening. and will be provided with a retaining wall and safety parapet in the form of guard rail. In fact there would be considerable excess materials of very poor quality (e.g. mud or clay deposits available. A small quantity would be required of the Shiwaliks) for approach roads and for parking areas ROW, but most of the material will and for levelling out side the have to disposed off in the nearby areas. and pre-approved. Such All such areas must be pre-identified areas have been tentatively located in them. A list the local panchayaths after several consultations of such locations of disposal sites are with confirmed provided in exhibit 9.1. These locations by the concerned Executive Engineers need to be further in the locality prior to the implementation According to State Geologist of the by the Contractor. Industries department, Contractor will have to establish his own crushers to ETA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Ilimachal State Roads Project establishing the Following are the norms to be followed while generate adequate quantity of crusher material. crushers. of the crusher from Prescribed standard and minimum distance > NH/SH is 150 m > Sanctuaries is 1000m (one km) > Bridge sites is 200 ms up stream > Notified lakes and wet lands is 300 m > Notified parks is 2000m (two kms) > Natural water spring is 500m (1 km) > Hospital and educational institution 1000m > Village settlement is 500m (1 km) N > Town or notified area committee 1000m and > District head quarters is 1500 m (1.5 km > Link roads or district roads 75m is also limited to a depth of 1.5m The permitted total depth that can be dug MANNER OF CRUSHERS IN AN ENVIRONMENTAL FRIENDLY BOX 9.2 POLICY GUIDE LINES FOR OPERATION not a of ecology and environment, to ensure that consideration, the overriding principle of protection Taking into type and in consonance with the " River/Stream unit in the Statecauses any Pollution of any single stone crushing as notified on 28-2-2004, the State for the Stateof Himachal Pradesh-2004" bed mining policy guidelines workings of stone crushers and Policy Guidelines for control of location, installation, Government has made detailed the following: important environmental considerations are their registration thereof. Out of this the most shall be allowed No mining area. V Within 100 metres of thickly forested degradation near any known tourist spot V In areas, which may cause aesthetic/visual water regime, IPH schemes roads, bridges etc. V Where it is likely to disrupt is likely. religions, historical, archaeological or scenic importance V Where danger to site of culture, cause v near habitation, where it is likely to cannot be arranged. v Where proper disposal of mine waste And holder will take adequate steps > Conditions shall be imposed that the lease of machinery. and vibration problems, due to blasting or operation > No noise structure. erosion, debris flow etc. by raising various engineering > To control and check soil Mining & Geology, license/clearance from Police, Department of explosives, > Contractor needs to obtain all approvals / Forest Department and Fire force. need to adhere to all policy guidelines and of quality in crusher operations, the contractors For achieving certain level and their registration in the State of location, installation or working of stone crushers requirements for control of highlight all the policy and legal crusher area management plan should Himachal Pradesh. The quarry and of crushers. Box 9.2 is the policy guidelines for the operation requirements of the State and central agencies. material sources in accordance with separate management plans for all construction Contractor will have to prepare, issues during construction. The how the Contractor resolves the various the provisions of the EMP, explaining poject roads depending up up of dedicated crusher plants in all along the Contractors could be responsible for setting on the actual requirements and the distance. f imachlal State Roads Project 1E1JA for 3 Roads starting from L na town 9.1.6 MITIGATION FOR SOIL EROSION AND OTHER ISSUES 9.1.6.1 Pre-construction Stage Except tree cutting and related disturbances while removing the road, no other root systems of trees along the side of erosional impacts are expected prior to the project root the construction stage. It is also possible system of trees could be during the construction that the removal of phase (i.e., during Clearing & Grubbing). 9.1.6.2 Construction phase There could be considerable erosion during the various activities along the construction specification 306b (refer 8 corridor. The contract MORTH specification" ) relates to the contain soil soil erosion and sedimentation control. erosion effectively, Implementation of erosion In order to Shiwalik control measures are crucial in the project. formations along these roads are The alluvial and very week and can be carried away by cut sections on Shiwalik mud running water easily. There are few formation at Km. 14, 18 (Una) and km Contractor should not 36 and Km. 40. along Mehatpur-Una-Amb. leave ground for any opening for rapid able well soil erosion. This can be executed coordinated Project management plan, by an implement Construction management plan and EMP. The potential loss of topsoil will be avoided by the removal and specifications in all storage of topsoil according to the contract areas of possible soil loss such as agricultural and in areas, widening areas and realignment borrow and quarry (during widening along location remove the road) areas. In all agricultural areas, and store the topsoil so as to use the Contactor shall it on the top portion of shoulders or other risk of pollution of topsoil due to productive areas. The potential construction camps, construction materials / storage, spoil or scarified black top disposal, vehicle repair and maintenance depot, crushers, hot mix plants etc are taken care of in the relevant sections and also in the Environmental Management specifications for actual implementation. Activity Table with suitable Prior to the beginning of the construction; soil management plan as Contractor need to prepare a top per the MORTH Clause no 301.3.2. During machineries top soil opening of borrow areas and for plants will be removed and kept safe for productive and should be use in the vicinity in the agricultural used while closing the contractors establishment. areas or it embankments This can also be used on the prior to the use of grass sods. side slopes of the To ensure stabilization of embankment and retaining walls, the and riprap selection of less erodable material, placing and sound compaction, particularly around of gabions grass bridges and culverts will be taken. Whereever sods need to be placed in the form of tiles. necessary, In the case of bridges, the design has been made in such a way as to protect the embankments from river erosion. Berms, embankment slopes and road cuts will be stabilised by re - vegetation, gabions, etc. placement of fibre mats, rip - rap, rock The unpaved (or unsealed) road shoulder does not require any vegetation compaction of small other than vertical compaction. left over portions of the old road will This pavement will remain as a small parking or breakdown remain as gravel or earthern type with heavy yards. The compaction will prevent any major soil erosions. Discharge zones from drainage structures will be furnished with riprap to reduce erosion turfing will be brought wherever necessary when required. Required on the sides as a part of the work. Down drains/chutes will be lined with J NI( )R l I (Contract specification for bridges and highways ( Iourth ediiioni) ptublislhcd bv IR( town LiJA for 3 Roads starring from Una I-limachal State Roads Project adjusted to 1:1.5 or flatter to reduce erosion to prevent erosion. Side slopes will be rip - rap/masonry or concrete erosion. with riprap or other material to prevent soil potential or, if steeper, stabilised, covered may be limited to the dry sean. Construction in erosion and flood prone areas Una- Jahu-Nerchowk section road is an important issue to be from the hillward side of the project Disposal of excess excavated material (301.3.11 relates to should be as per the MORTH specification All such disposal by the Contractor from the very early addressed. this issue, local institutions were consulted of excavated material). In order to address identified disposal the materials for safe disposal and tentatively These institutions has agreed to accept Plan stage of the project. exhibit 9.1 . Environmental Management of these locations are provided in the the locations. Specific details walls. identified locations with or without retaining (EMP) provides design drawings for each part of the mitigation measures for and their safe disposal is also an important Removal of waste scarified material no impacts due to the disposal material, this will be utilised insitu therefore impact to soil. Inthis case, the bituminous respect no mitigation measures are warranted. of these materials are anticipated. In this ETC) ISSUES (LAND SLIDE, LAND SLIPS 9.1.7 PREVAILING SLOPE STABILISATION Mehatpur -Una-Amb land take along the project road. In order to reduce issues, no slope stabilisation issues exist Other than some minor toe walls, and retaining wall have been areas and to reduce the cost of the project and impact to the agricultural in the respective EMPs. details of the retaining walls are provided provided in apropriate locations. Specific Una -Barsar-Jahu-Nerchowk and soil erosion along the as a viable option to address the soil stability Bio-engineering option is being considered will be developed under this in particular. Few typical pilot study locations lower hill ward side of the project road project. be required. some treatment for slope stabilisation would There are a number of locations where in for stabilisation are the following The other conventional techniques applied circumstance the soil need support for stabilisation. when there is seepage inparticular - Inthis Breast walls -- where in the retaining of the road all areas especially towards the valley side Retaining walls. Are to be constructed in from instability problem exists down stream. structure is required in the consultants Geotechnical considered inappropriate locations as provided Retaining walls and breast walls have been as Appendix 7.1 report prepared inOctober 2006 and Attached 9.2 AIR ENVIRONMENT situation along the project road corridor could impact the micro-climatic Loss of 3083 no of trees from the Una-Amb project road without these HP is the hottest part, travelling along the during summer. Since Una-Amb part of road after the especilly Direct exposure to sunlight along the project very tiring and hot for local communities. this trees would be especially for the 'used to' travellers along very un comfortable for the travellers removal of trees would be section during a formal consultation the DFO at Una relating to Una - Amb corridor. This has been clearly stated by with him (Refer Chapter 6 on consultation). cut, no other mitigation actions are warranted. Other than planting of three times the trees CONDITIONS 9.2.1 METEOROLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC are conditions or micro - climatic conditions no other significant impact to area climatic Other than the tree removal other than planting of some 18,000 works along the Una link roads. Therefore anticipated as a result of the proposed warranted. related to meteorological conditions are trees, no other mitigation actions specifically I limachal State Roads Project 1LIA for 3 Roads starting from Ina town Removal of road side trees will expose the road to more sunlight. Mitigation actions in planting are required for this. A compensatory the form of compensatory tree plantation plan would be part of the Environmental Management plan. 9.2.2 PRECIPITATION Other than planting of over 18,000 of trees ( three times ) for roads of Una those losUcut for the widening along road net work, no other mitigation actions the three project 3679 are warranted. For Una- Nerchowk, the and for Mehatpur-Amb it is 3083 nos. no of impacted trees 9.2.3 TEMPERATURE Other than the lost shade of trees, none of the project activities will than planting of some lead to any change in the back ground. 18,000 trees for those lost for the widening, Other no other mitigation actions are warranted. 9.2.4 HUMIDITY Other than planting of some 18,000 trees for those lost during widening, no other mitigation actions are warranted. 9.2.5 WIND No specific mitigation actions are warranted. 9.2.6 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 9.2.6.1 Pre-construction stage No potential impacts are expected during the stage. During this stage, Contractor management plans for all needs to prepare several his proposed activities in the site. This include: Management plan for (1) Crusher plants, (2)WMM plants, (3)Hot these relate mix plants , (4) quarries and (5) crushers. to the air quality related issues during construction. All 9.2.6.2 Construction stage During construction period, all activities are to adhere to the contractual obligations such as 'consent to and all clearances and approvals establish' and 'consent to operate' shall operating for be obtained from the PCB under air act. the Contractor and the consultants shall All vehicles obtain Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificates. Good maintenance of all vehicles and machineries must be confirmed. Location of all construction establishments such as Hot mix plants, WMM Plants ,crusher and offices etc shall ensure all legal requirements plants, construction camps to keep higher quality and standards. All required clearances are to be obtained form the borrow State PCB and the mining department areas and crushers. All these clearances, for establishing quarries, if observed properly will add services.(Exhibit 9.2) to the quality of product, process and EXHIBIT 9.2: VARIOUS CLEARANCES REQUIRED FOR THE CONTRACTORS ESTABLISHMNTS Contractors Quaries Crushersl INTHE SITE establishments Borrow WMM Hot mix Construction areas Debrls plant plant camps (Office ! / disposal sito PCB Yes I labour camps) Yes No Yes Mining and Geology Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Forestry Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Groundwater Yes Yes Yes departm Yes Yes Yes ent__ _ yes ______yes ______town l1lA for 3 Roads starting from Una Ilimachal State Roads Project from the nearest sensitive receptor to be located at least 500 metres away Asphalt and hot - mix plants are required of opening, operation and clearly specifying the terms and conditions (e.g. school, hospital). A written agreement owner must be part of the management plans. closing of contractors activities with the land Dust control measures other, dust control measures would be difficult. on one side and the lose Shiwalik on the With lose alluvial formation required. Road surfaces, excavation and the roadside dust during construction is A routine concerted effort to control Trucks in the work sites carrying to keep them moist for dust control. All construction sites will be sprayed with water tarpaulin sheets to avoid spilling. earth, sand or stone will be covered with the included as an incidental expense to the dust during construction has been The provision for controlling the 'vehicle/truck mounted vacuum The road surfaces should be cleaned using earthworks. Bill of Quantities (BOQ). earlier PUC certificates will result in large quantity of dust. As stated against the manual labour, which will the roadsides and cleaners' being used for various purposes along the vehicles and machineries that are The be sought for be used for any construction purposes. eight years older vehicles shall not ancillary sites. More than control devices. These are to be are required to be fitted with pollution construction machinery and equipments they are in working order. checked at regular intervals to ensure that of Una- Quarry (road side excavation in the case in the previous section, Borrow areas, As already indicated from PCB, Fire force, Police, mining and sites need to obtain approvals/clearances Nerchowk road) and crusher a certain level of standard with respect licence or approval is obtained for keeping geology, forest etc. Each of these of these resources should be environmental protection. The haul roads to safety, environmental pollution and under control. properly maintained to keep the moisture 9.2.6.3 During operational phase exposure to air pollution, in villages will significantly reduce human and provision of adequate side drainage the roads with sound Paving Other than the regular maintenance of vehicular emissions and roadside dust. impacts including both actions are required. The net air quality operational phase no specific mitigation EMP measures, during improvement of the Una road net work. would be reduced after widening and during the operational phase congestion in the built up areas and and traffic capacity will remove the local Improvements in road surface condition There will be much reduced air result there would not be any engine idling. improve to a smooth traffic flow; as a on a better road surface. pollution with improved vehicle performance negative impacts to an absolute the operational phase will reduce any Regular maintenance of the road during barrier for sensitive noise receptors. minimum. In addition refer section 9.3 Green 9.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 9.3.1 Pre-construction phase: No specific mitigation measures are required. 9.3.2 Construction Phase must take all precautions to control should adhere to good machineries and During construction phase, Contractor noise pollution. control Board. be erected with the approval of State Pollution The diesel generator sets (DG sets) should impact assessment to revision based on the proposed biodiversity Silent blasting/Controlled blasting (subjected studies) is preferable along the forest section. that will be used the quality of equipments and vehicles to reduce noise, the project has specified there will As a first step, great extent. During construction phase This alone will alleviate noise levels to a during construction phase. conflict with the regular traffic requiring large number of machineries and the be an increase in noise level due to should be of international or 'stop and go'. All equipments and machineries more honking of vehicle horns and more I limaclhal State Roads Project EILN for 3 Roads starting from Una town high standards. These standard machineries are license designed to produce acceptable noise and permits required to operate these levels only. Further the machineries will reduce the social impacts. based on many environmental factors. The consent from PCB is As stated earlier, in case the Contractor wanted to operate dedicated crushers a number are required. The license from Fire force, of licenses and approvals Police, Forest, Mining & Geology also ultimate reduced noise impact bring in adequate controls with an to sensitive noise receptors. Discussion construction activities indicates the extent to which to social working hours could mitigate confining equipment. noise impacts employing noise controlled There could be considerable noise construction impacts at crusher and quarrying (refers road sides) sites if no mitigation measures to rock blasting along the are considered. Box 9.1 describes the and use of explosives by the Contractor. handling storgae transportation Measures to mitigate noise impacts during construction phase as shown of the HP project may include the following in exhibit 9.3. Noise from crusher and provisions quarry sites are also provided in the exhibit. EXHIBIT 9.3: MEASURES TO MITIGATE NOISE IMPACTS DURING THE SOURCE Requirements that CONSTRUCTION all exhaust systems will be maintained ingood CONTROL engine enclosures working order; properly designed and silencers will be employed; regular equipment undertaken. The maintenance will be requirement for Pollution Under Control certificates but also for (PUC) not only for travel vehicles machineries and equipments used for the construction SITE CONTROLS Requirements phase shall be made compulsory. that stationary equipment will be placed as far from sensitive receptors (i.e., stone crushers, mixers, etc.); disposal sites and haul routes will be selected to minimise noise impacts; shielding mechanisms will and TIME be employed wherever possible. AND Operations will be scheduled to ACTIVITY coincide with periods when people would least work hours and workdays likely be affected; CONSTRAINTS will be limited to less noise sensitive times. COMMUNITY Public notification of construction operations will incorporate AWARENESS social considerations and avenues to handle complaints should be included. Confining construction activities to social working hours and employing mitigate noise impacts noise controlled construction equipments during the construction phase for the will local population. The other measures include: Public notification of construction operations will incorporate The noise considerations and methods to construction and operation at certain locations handle complaints. may be required to stop for a while impacts to the public (e.g. a procession in order to avoid community to the cremation ground for burial for certain reasons etc). and silent procession as marked respect Although these activities are rare but human, has been violated. occasionally even this community requirement As a site control, the stationary equipments will be placed as far away aggregate crushers, etc.); from sensitive receptors as possible (i.e. disposal sites and haul routes will be selected to minimise objectionable noise impacts. Operations will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people are work days will be limited least likely to be affected; work hours and to less noise sensitive times as far as possible. The plants and machineries are to be set up way from the human settlements in order the community. As a control at to avoid large-scale impacts to the source level all exhaust systems be designed engine enclosures maintained in good working order; properly and silencers will be employed; and regular equipment maintenance will be undertaken. During construction phase, noise barriers should be constructed for the identified silence details of the noise barrier have been provided zones. Specific design in the Environmental Management Plan. Vibration-Mitigation To avoid any major impacts to this 17th centuray monument, the 50m long section dropped from widening considerations. close to the monument has been town ElIA for 3 Roads starting from Una I limachal State Roads Project 9.3.3 3 Operational phase Impacts the the road, congestion will be removed and due to various up gradation work along During operational phase, for all sensitive receptor areas. has proposed noise mitigation measures noise levels will be reduced. Project mitigated for at least to the traffic are to be controlled /minimised or Anticipated noise levels due to the increased sensitive receptors. EMP document. noise barriers have been provided in the Location specific and typical designs for to the of signs prohibiting the use of horns and, receptor locations may include posting Mitigation at the sensitive noise can be reduced considerably by to serve as green noise barriers. Effect of extent possible, landscape planting of the designed barrier is also walls and green barriers. The principle the combined effect of sound insulating and implementable when project mitigation actions are cost effective explained in the design sections. Proposed expensive double glazed windows. compared to the generally recommended a brick wall to act these arrangements were proposed with Walls for Silence Zones: The designs of by the Sound Insulating other educational institutions are affected hospitals, medical centres, schools and as a sound barrier. The adjacent to the road corridor. This and a few hospitals have been identified traffic noise. A number of schools will be carried out side by side 7 Section 7.3. Construction of noise barriers impacted list is provided in the Chapter by the Contractor during construction. leaves acting as a thick layer of green plantation with small for Silence Zones. These are simply space is Green Barriers and adjacent to the wall provided adequate These trees may be planted just "inside" are noise attenuates. of the civil work. The implementation aspects will be responsible for the implementation air available. Contractors the thick green barrier will also act as an EMPs. In addition to the noise mitigation, provided in the respective will have 300 trees in 4 ROWs. Neverthless A typical green barrier of 100 m length quality filter for traffic emission. noise effects and would be asthetically selected trees if planted will reduce the any number of rows of specially plan. It is most likely that Forest barriers will be part of the tree plantation beautiful. The construction of noise barrier). Nevertheless all after construction of solid brick wall (noise department will take up this activity immediately of land/space. these measures are dependent on the availability in at each of the sensitive receptor sites tabulated will be employed as may be warranted the Noise mitigation techniques determined at each site and selection of 5). Definitive noise levels will be empirically exhibit 5.20 (refer Chapter with property owners. Co - ordination and on a site - specific basis in consultation mitigation technique will be made (Exhibit 9.4 provide noise control of the Environmental Officer of the CSC implementation will be the responsibility environmental costs of costs have been estimated as a part of the requirement and approvals required). Mitigation the project. of noise pollution during the post construction phase; The sources PWD shall monitor the noise impacts during contractors activities at site. REQUIREMENTS AND APPROVALS REQUIRED EXHIBIT 9.4: NOISE CONTROL camps Bonow WMM Hot mix Constucon Quarries Crushers / labour camps) Coniaors ares plant plant (OffIeo astabllhmentI Yes Yes Yes Yes PCB clearance Yes Yes 9.4 BIO ENVIRONMENT Ha could be forest land requirement of more than 6.54 drawings for road widening, the total a Depending on the final an increase of Wildlife/ traffic conflict to construction. The operational impact includes the potential impact during to the improvement of the road and the sector development in mind) stage. Due high magnitude (entire HP road collision. This could be an km will lead to an increased wildlife/traffic consequent increase in the speed per irreversible impact. Ilimachal Statc Roads Project F11A for 3 Roads starting from Una town 9.4.1 FLORA 9.4.1.1 Pre-construction phase The tree felling shall be careful so as to restrict to only those trees Those that are identified that would be coming under the construction along the unpaved shoulder will be retained. zone. A joint verification of the affected area and the preparation of has been carried the species wise girth wise classification out. The Forest clearance from the MOEF of the trees depending regional office at Chandigarh or up on the total forest area required. Delhi would be required Removal of 3679 trees will be carried out by the HP Forest development corporation. trees, the root systems will remain After cutting and removal of this will have to be removed by the Contractor. 9.4.1.2 Construction phase During the construction phase, the Contractor should not allow the labourers to encroach the forest areas. Labour force will enter the forest areas for various purposes. on the number Consequent loses cannot be determined of persons, loss of trees and their importance as it depends Preferably as a flora especially rare or endangered the blasting shall be controlled blasting/Silent category etc. areas blasting in the forest areas so that will not be impacted. A number of streams the wildlife in the forest cross the Mehatpur-Una-Amb road. bridges and culverts along the project Therefore there are numerous road. With lots of avifauna and reservoir is located with in aquatic fauna, part of the Govindsagar the project Influenced area of the road. natural drainage facilities Drainage provisions are provided based already available. During construction on the machineries and phase Contractor should adhere must take all precautions to control noise to good pollution especially near the forest areas. 9.4.1.3 Post construction phase An implementable joint strategy between PWD and forest department environment. Planting could be evolved to protect of trees double the number of cut the bio shall be implemented as the highest priority. 9.4.2 FLORA RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROJECT ROAD 9.4.2.1 Pre-construction phase Most of the impacts to trees and forest will takes place during the pre-construction perod. All trees cut and removed will be accountable as per the forest laws. Therefore as per the Himachal laws. plantation of trees will be three The plantation of the cut trees have times been incorporated in the EMP for implementation. Mehatpur-Una- Amb section - Total number of trees that will be cut and removed planting of 10 029 trees along will be 3343 trees. This will require the sides of the newly constructed project forest officer, none of these road. As per the consultation with divisional trees are endangered category. However trees like Arjun are medicinal plant. Una- Nerchowk- The total no of trees that would be cut for the 126 kms of planting of 11034nos. road would be 3678 nos. This will require 9.4.2.2 Construction phase Impacts to forest reserves will be contained during encroach the construction period to ensure that to forest areas. Trees that are not removed labour force does not during the pre-construction phase construction period without legal permission. shall not be cut during the town EIA for 3 Roads starfing from Una I limachal State Roads Project Mehatpur-Una- Amb Corridor be cut. All these trees ned to be protected. and breeding places of the birds shall not The trees which are the nesting identfied locations will be protected to avoid the nesting places of birds. All Forest department has already requested as incorporated in the design drawings. Una-Jahu-Nerchowk Corridor by a biodiversity expert.. a bio diversity studiy has been undertaken Since the area has dense forest sections, separately. Specific details are provided in a report..submitted 9.4.2.3 Post construction phase types of trees In order to make it tourist friendly same trees is most suited for the plantations. more Indigenous species of in such a way that for every one or location so that planting should be done would be planted in the same be maintained at any cost for the full to new one. The trees planted once will kilometres the tree species will change growth at least for a period of three years. the trees, which must be cut to has been proposed, not only to replace programme of compensatory afforestation the condition of adjacent A geometric design, but also to upgrade road widening and improvements in A tree - planting accommodate removed depending upon the location. - planted at a rate of two for each one of areas. Trees will be re that will be cut during the improvement will meet all compensatory tree planting strategy is being developed which and BOQ. The recommended trees cost provisions will be included in the EMP the roads including private trees. The the exhibit 9.5. of indigenous character are provided in PLANTED ON THE ROAD SIDES EXHIBIT 9.5: TREES THAT CAN BE MAIN SPECIES SLNo OWK MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB UNAJHt-NER Pipal I Pipal Shisham Shisham 2 Slambda 3 Baheda Jamun Jamun 4 Arjun 5 Arjun Poplar Shimbal 6 Toot 7 Japani Toot Neem Neem 8 Kalam 9 Jakaranda Bottle brush Kheir 10 Kikkar 11 Kikkar be accommodated in the areas and other plant sites etc will also Tree felling in other sites such as borrow the project. compensatory tree planting scheme of 9.4.3 ENDANGERED FLORA 9.4.3.1 Pre-construction phase measures are warranted. If the bio have been identified. Therefore no mitigation So far no endangered floral species framed in consultation with Forest mitigation measures, then that will be diversity studies come out with any will be implemented. department and other experts, such measures 9.4.3.2 Construction phase and fauna of the region. are not affecting the endangered flora Need to make sure that contractors activities I limachal State Roads lroject ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town 9.4.3.3 Post construction phase Trees planted immediately after the construction phase shall be protected and Other than this no impacts are maintained for the survival period. anticipated during post construction period. 9.4.4 FAUNA AND PROTECTED AREAS 9.4.4.1 Pre-construction phase Since there are no protected areas no mitigation measures relating the keeping the to protected areas are warranted. larger wildlife presence in mind protection Nevertheless a Biodiversity of all faunal species need to be ensured. study is being carried out for the project. For that reason 9.4.4.2 Construction phase It is necessary to ensure that no loss of faunal species' especially those in during the construction phase. the endangered category takes place 9.4.4.3 Post construction Phase Bio-diversity conservation requires complete cooperation of the Forest/Wild department. A joint working group life department and the Public works should at least meet annually to discuss each department and need the various plan projects and issues to find joint strategy to resolve the issue. of 9.4.5 COMMONLY FOUND FAUNA The entire PIA of the road segmentation considered in the pigs, monkeys report has got wildlife presence of and Neel gais are common. Avian one or the other. Wild fauna is also numerous in this region. 9.4.5.1 Pre-construction phase The project activities should not encourage filling of marshy /wet lands in the region. 9.4.5.2 Construction phase During the construction phase, efforts shall be made perennial to improve the wet lands by digging water source. Construction of structures more deep to stabilise the fauna in the form of retaining walls etc would especially avian fauna. In case widening be useful to protect the affects, the nesting places of executed in consultation with birds all activities shall be planned the wildlife experts in the forest department. and During construction phase information boards shall menace be provided at all monkey menace areas. areas are 15-16, 16-17, 22-23, 23-24 The identified monkey and 56-57, 65-66, 66-67, 73-74. This titled Environmental mitigation works. will be incorporated in the BOQ 9.4.5.3 Post construction phase A concerted joint efforts shall be undertaken by projects PWD and forest department to implement to reduce any loss of wildlife especially joint programmes and those that are endangered and measures implemented by the project vulnerable. Various mitigation and a vigil from the forest department species are lost due to the sectoral side should ensure that no faunal conflict. The consultation has indicated Mehatpur-Una-Amb section. presence of several wildlife The marshy areas near the project even in the Shag. Although road are the breeding ground of there are no forest in the vicinity, birds such as Indian area. the consultation has indicated Presence of wild pig has been confirmed many wild animals entering the by the loss it makes on the agricultural seen by any body who visits the area. fields. Rich avian fauna can be All these should be protected during construction phase. town ELk for 3 Roads starling from Una IHimachal State Roads Project 9.4.6 ENDANGERED FAUNA 9.4.6.1 Pre-construction phase the impact to endangered fauna in the (BIA) is being carried out .to understand A bio-diversity impact assessment fauna along the project road reported undertaken in the study area. Only endangered region. Such study is being Una to Barsar road. reported at about 9 km from Una along from the local communities is Leopard 9.4.6.2 Construction phase as and when it is ready. The results of the study will be incorporated Bio-diversity study is being carried out. 9.4.6.3 Post construction phase Bio-diversity studies need to be undertaken 9.4.7 BIO DIVERSITY 9.4.7.1 Pre-construction phase of many birds and animals. would destruct nesting and breeding places Cutting and removal of thousands of trees 9.4.7.2 Construction phase phase that could lead to the areas may be filled up during the construction Wetlands and Spring Waterampy species. of a number of avian-fauna and other faunal destruction of nesting and breeding area 9.4.7.3 Post construction phase concerns post construction phase point of view, without mitigating the biodiversity With regards to the bio diversity results in irreversible impacts to and forest resources especially for poachers impacts will be an easy access to forest the state forest and wildlife resources. MEASURES 9.4.8 Eco - SENSITIVITY- MITIGATION Pre-construction phase shall be undertaken. in the impact Chapter 7 adequate measures Based on the sensitivity analysis provided Construction phase are significant faunal species in the region. Silent blasting would be necessary if there Post construction phase The mitigation measures if any implemented are required to avoid wildlife /traffic conflict. Lots of information boards need to be determined after a through benefit. The locations of such boards shall be maintained to get maximum of the work. to provide necessary input for this part study. Wildlife department has promised EFFORTS 9.5 WATER ENVIRONMENT- MITIGATION 9.5.1 SURFACE WATER-IMPACTS of water for construction. Contractor will a credible source of continuous supply Adequate planning requires to find all issues relating to constrcution requirement manageement plan to address have to preapare a constrcution water water requirements. Jimachal Statr Roads Project IEIA\ for 3 Roads starting from lAna town 9.5.1.1 Pre-construction phase No mitigation measures are warranted during pre-construction phase. 9.5.1.2 Construction phase Mehatpur-Una-Amb Construction water requirement will not be an issue is for the road widening between Mehatpur-Una-Amb plenty of groundwater available along road as there the project road. Surface water will between July and December. also be available for a shorter period Una-Barsar-Nerchowk; Legitimate source of water source need to be tapped for construction. be used for Since springs and small stream meeting the construction water, the following water cannot sources possibilities exist for the Contractor. are described in the corresponding section. Possible groundwater EXHIBIT 9.6: POSSIBLE WATER SOURCES FOR Road section CONSTRUCTION Possible watr source that would be Impacted 0-10 Ground Impact mitlgstlon/Avoldance necessary water from the Una and adjoining areas Existing water sources especially drinking water sources should not be tapped for 10 - 50 Govind construction sagar reservoir with permission from authorities the No springs, bore wells, or streams (see plate 5.5 Chapter 5 base line should be environment) used for construction purpose 50 -126 Reservoir at Sundar nagar (12 km from Nerchowk) Safe distance could be the best from existing water sources must source but need to take official be written permission. observed for tapping for drinking water or any other purpose. All efforts shall be made to ensure that the construction water is drawn from legitimate normal life of the people. Possible sources without affecting the sources of construction water is provided. Pollution and depletion of surface water resources. The various construction management plans prepared during construction will contamination to surface water resources. be implemented to avoid any 9.5.1.3 Post construction phase It is necessary to ensure that Contractor clean up all his operation and close On the long run there would with good engineering practices in mind. be an improvement in the quality of water due to good implementation of the project. 9.5.2 SURFACE DRAINAGE 9.5.2.1 Pre-construction phase No mitigation measures are warranted at this stage 9.5.2.2 Construction phase Cross drainage (CD) structures will be improved/widened Roads /replaced in accordance with Congress (IRC) code IRC SP35 -1990. the standards of the Indian Adequate numbers of new CD works are provided in the design Chapter 2) are proposed. drawings wherever the new alignments Complete details of the CD structures (Refer are provided in the Chapter 5. Exhibit 9.7: Mitigation efforts towards drainage town El.k for 3 Roads starting from Una I limachal State Roads Project NEW BRES DEN8sr PER KM NEW CULVERTS 2-4 lane & 1.3 Miehatpur - 12 11 others 0.47 lUna-Amb 38 10 +6+2 2.93 166+106+10119 Una- 126 Nerchowk 176 - Una-Amb section Meahtpur waste roads should be protected and no construction water bodies located very close to the The non perennial river in design to ensure that the road drainage the river bed. Care should be taken shall be allowed to dump on natural streams and rivers. Contract do not alter the current status of the provisions and the new embankments construction camps and other potential in the bid documents to ensure that provisions have been incorporated and waste water facilities. The properly cited and provided with drainage sources of secondary impacts are are included as environmental centres and construction labour camps provisions for waste disposal at service During construction period, no in the Bill of Quantities (Bill No 11). costs. The same have been included culverts are mitigation cleaning to avoid water pollution. Additional water bodies are allowed for vehicle are to be accesses to natural In addition to this, a number of culverts sections, including new alignments. of also proposed for many are to be reconstructed. The total number design width and a number of culverts the widened to accommodate the and rivers all across the PIA area of ) due to the large number of streams bridges is also very high (Exhibit 9.7 Soan River. drainages is to ease the free including cross drainages and longitudinal to all drainage structures provided necessary The improvements bed erosion. Management plan has flood water and reduce scouring and secondary passage of flash camps and other potential sources of bid documents to ensure that construction to contract provisions in the facilities. More over Contractor need provided with drainage and wastewater impacts are properly cited and work. Appropriate cost estimates plans prior to the start of actual construction provide a series of focused mitigation been included in the EMP. for implementation and monitoring have Appropriate waste disposal sites of the bridges is an area of great concern. Municipal Waste disposal along the side will be identified for these locations also. 9.5.2.3 Operational Phase drainage provisions are necessary to cleaning of choked/blocked or damaged During operational period, regular section. This will require additional along flood prone Mehatpur-Una -Amb avoid the operational impacts especially where ever necessary to Cross drainages have been upgraded provisions for regular maintenance. are proposed budgetary addition to the existing culverts new ones -year floods in the case of culverts. In of accommodate the 25 problems or to reduce/control the action runoff, or correct the existing drainage to take care of the increased (CD structures) will be for the full roads. The construction of culverts running water on the newly constructed formation width. 9.5.3 GROUNDWATER 9.5.3.1 Pre-construction phase Mehatpur-Una-Amb region for any withdrawal of groundwater for from the State groundwater department to Contractor need to obtain approval of the groundwater in the region due anticipated to the quantity or quality construction works. No impacts are implementation of the project. arc provided separatcly 'Data for three separate contracts I limachal State Roads Project Fl1A for 3 Roads starting from Una town Una - Jahu-Nerchowk region Contractor need to obtain approval from the State groundwater department construction works. for any withdrawal of groundwater for 9.5.3.2 Construction Phase Groundwater requirements for construction (and for drinking) water requirements with regards to the groundwater will not lead to any major issues (aquifer storage) in the Una region. The conditions. area has the best aquifers under alluvial There will not be any depletion of ground water sources or any quality issues the project. due to construction and operation of 9.5.3.3 Post construction scenario No negative impacts upon groundwater resources or aquifer conditions actions in the Corridor. are anticipated as a result of the proposed No special mitigation efforts are required. The water source of the community for the contractor need to be sealed or handed continued use or else it could be a source over to of contamination of deep ground water. 9.5.4 SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE 9.5.4.1 Pre-construction phase No mitigation measures are required to change in subsurface drainage conditions 9.5.4.2 Construction phase During construction phase, the cutting of the hill towards the hill ward side could cut water will come out in the form of in to subsurface aquifers and the new springs. This will have larger consequences hill and could affect the vegetation of drying of the water sources up or forest trees depending on the location. 9.5.4.3 Post construction phase If any new springs are evolved this should be properly developed and protected for regular water for vehicles and travellers alike20 continuous supply of cool 9.5.5 WATER QUALITY 9.5.5.1 Pre-construction phase No mitigation efforts are required at this stage 9.5.5.2 Construction phase During construction phase all efforts shall be maintained to clear debris and excess carried away by the rainwater polluting soil material, else this could be streams nearby and in the reservoirs water. The soil will be generally adversely affecting to the quality mixed with POL from the construction of also necessary site. An effective traffic management to avoid any spillage of hazardous materials. plan is The longitudinal drainage on the hill ward side has been provided the Urban and semi-urban throughout the road lengths with covered areas. Improvements in side drains in improvements drainage on the hill ward side will in human health conditions in virtually result in significant contact every community along the alignment with pollutants and sources of disease. by reducing human Ahil road minanal IR(: Sl': 48-1988 town ELk for 3 Roads starting from Una Himachal State Roads Project vicinity of horticultural farms or to the immediate not be drained to the agricultural and The CD structures should of the CD need to be changed to a suitable To avoid such cases either the location houses and huts of the villagers. to a natural drainage channel or a added in the valley side until it reaches place or a lateral drainage line should be stream 9.5.5.3 Post construction phase warranted. Entry of vehicles to natural no other mitigation efforts are considered Other than routine maintenance water bodies. vehicles to avoid potential pollution to natural water bodies needs to be closed for all No other mitigation measures are warranted. 9.5.6 DRINKING WATER SOURCES 9.5.6.1 Pre-construction phase Mehat pur-Una-amb: more wells for the community. If one well is not adequate be impacted will have to be compensated All wells that will can be avoided for safety reasons. Construction that road crossing for water fetching need to be constructed so for new ones. List of such wells are drinking water sources are replaced phase should not be allowed until all the impact Chapter 7. provided in the corresponding section in Una -Nerchowk section new wells, trucked potable water) temporary alternative water sources (e.g. All wells that will have to be relocated, There will be no be any net have ready daily access to clean water. will be provided to ensure that local residents loss of water access points. Plan (RAP) that is being as specified by the Resettlement Action New wells and Hand Pump will be provided because of improvement and Hand Pump will have to be removed In the project corridor almost all wells compensation and prepared. Hand Pump is included in the RAP for corridor width. The loss of existing private in the available wells, if required as a result of the rehabilitation as a rehabilitation measure. The additional these will be replaced costs will be provided in EMP. It is also have been included as environmental and are not included in the RAP, had to cross the road to left or sources to the respective sides if the community advised to provide drinking water the safety requirement place to fetch water. This measure is for right in such a way that no crossing takes 9.5.6.2 Construction phase Mehat pur-Una-amb: or to avoid well with the State groundwater authorities placing of the wells must be in consultation it could lead to a However wells to tap the water table aquifer as is also necessary to avoid shallow tube aquifer interference. It local people are tapping the water table drying of wells in the area. Most of the depletion of the source and if the contractor withdraws confined wells are expected to be dry in the area with shallow tube wells. In general, no warranted. no other mitigation measures are considered groundwater aquifers for construction. Therefore Una-Jahu-Nerchowk of the local communities else it be away from the existing water sources Placing of well for construction water must water sources. will lead to drying of the community drinking case of drying up of drinking water sources are arranged. In shall not be allowed to start until alternate supply of water Construction wells Contractor need to arrange truck the construction and handing over of the any new wells after developed/enhanced (Chapter 10 and design are operational. Water sources will be properly to until new arrangements of roads considered in this report in order separately bound EMP) for all sections drawings to be provided in the newly provided water source failed other hygiene requirements. In case any meet the drinking water standards and I-limachal State Roads Project FIA for 3 Roads starting from L'na town to provide the required minimum quantity of potable be water or if the new source goes dry, placed. Until new source become operational new water sources should new truck water supply should be supplied. 9.5.6.3 Post construction phase Maintenance of all newly constructed water sources shall be arranged by department or to the local panchayths. handing over them to the water supply 9.5.7 FLOODS 9.5.7.1 Pre-construction phase The design team has increased the height of embankment in all areas Amb section. This include of flood prone sections along Mehatpur-Una- chainage 21-22 and in all bridge approaches. 9.5.7.2 Construction phase It is necessary to ensure that contractors activities localised as a result of poor engineering practices flooding that could have negative impacts will not lead to any on the traffic as well as the local communities. Mehatpur-Una-Amb region Both longitudinal and cross drainage improvements inundation are an important part of the road along the project roads otherwise up gradation. This will reduce affecting the free flow of traffic and embankments. All necessary contract damaging the road surface and the provisions will be provided in the contract documents and also in the EMAP. 9.5.7.2 Post construction phase Immediately after the construction, the Supervision consultants and the PWD done a good job and closed all must ensure that the contractor his operations in a manner that uphold has management requirements. the national, regional and local environmental Mehatpur-Una-Amb region With regards to the additional flooding due to the raising due to the of embankment, no additional flooding additional quantity of floodwater displaced effects are expected This by the improved road during is very small and no mitigation measures the post construction scenario. are required for this, as the work will not accelerate the flooding effect. Maintenance of the drainage structures built during the construction period mitigation measure required. for the required performance is the Flood prone areas need to be monitored key mitigation measures. The in every monsoon season for PWD should make sure that the work any timely cleared during carried out is satisfactory and any the defect liability period of the Contractor. damage should be 9.6 SOCIO CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT 9.6.1 LAND USE - MITIGATION 9.6.1.1 Pre-construction phase The accurate surveys and accurate markings and systematic planning and to a minimum level. Any additional negotiations will lead to land use changes land available must be put to use land acquisition and resettlement for productive purposes. Mitigation will be undertaken as specified related to by the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP). 9.6.1.2 Construction phase During construction phase all contractors activities construction should be within the construction sites like borrow areas, quarry limits. Even in the secondary areas and water source points the outside the limits set by the Contractors contarctors activities should not be management Plan. There shall not be disturbance to the near by agricultural Una town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Ilimachal State Roads Project shortest period. Potential issues it should be cleared within the up areas etc. In case of any such and landscape areas, built related to land acquisition, aesthetic related to economic growth are closely actions community impacts in these areas, no additional mitigation etc. Other than the mitigation noted considerations; noise, air quality, be provided in the final draft report. due to the project implementation will are warranted. The land use changes 9.6.1.3 Post construction phase use no further deterioration or major land phase, it is necessary to ensure that Immediately after the construction the interests of the State. takes place in a manner that will jeopardise changes such as ribbon developments MITIGATION AND AVOIDANCE 9.6.2 AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE- 9.6.2.1 Pre-construction phase are required for the loss of in the RAP, no special mitigation measures Other than those that will be provided widening and improvement. productive agricultural land due to road Construction phase 9.6.2.2 wastes or the agricultural area. No dumping of area shall be collected and used in Top soil from the construction trunks and timber should be allowed area. No activities including the trees debris is to be allowed in the agricultural areas, no additional mitigation or than the improved access to the agricultural to store in the agricultural area. Other enhancement measures are required. 9.6.2.3 Post construction phase benefited from the better and horticultural activities will be positively During post construction stage the agriculture roads and connectivity's. 9.6.3 INDUSTRY 9.6.3.1 Pre-construction phase this, no mitigation measures are anticipated, therefore with regards to Only positive impacts for industries are warranted. 9.6.3.2 Construction phase sites and locations. Access will be provided to all industrial 9.6.3.3 Post construction phase transportation and connectivity. industries will be benefited by better During the post project scenario the 9.6.4 HUMAN HEALTH & SAFETY Pre-construction phase 9.6.4.1 to the be prepared by the Contractor prior and accident management plan is to A road safety, traffic management start of the construction phase. Construction phase 9.6.4.2 Contract is an important mitigation measures. safety plan during implementation of their Implementation of the road to attend to the health and safety which require construction operators requirements have been included, - 11 I limachal State Roads Project FllA for 3 Roads starting from Una town workers, maintain and cleanup campsite, and respect the written agreements rights of local landowners. If located with local landowners for temporary outside the ROW, restored use of the property will to a level acceptable to the be required and sites must be owner within a predetermined time establishment of the camps, period. The Contractor, prior will have to develop the workers to the Construction Supervision camp restoration plan to the satisfaction Consultants (CSC) or the Engineer. of the A list of Personal Protective Equipments will be provided in the EMP. 9.6.4.3 Post construction phase During post construction phase enforcement of all laws and regulations are important with regards to the following; Bus Stops and (Bus Lay - Bys) Bus bays have been included in the design to avoid the stopping of buses in the middle bus stops should provide sufficient space of the road. The location of to the commuters, especially the wait. The arrangements should large number of school children, to safely be for the safety of road users especially approaches. There are numerous the pedestrians should be safe from locations, which require bus stops. both The introduction of some courtesy on the roads as a traffic result of driver education should enable stream without any belligerence or danger. buses to rejoin the Disposal of solid wastes/municipal garbages/wastes in market areas /bridge sites During operational stage, PWD should encourage the local land away from municipal/panchayath Authorities to the project road corridor for solid waste acquire additional and disposal and adopt hygienic systems disposal. Bridge sites shall not be of solid waste collection allowed to dump wastes for that matter located near the bridges or to waste disposal areas need to be part of the bridge construction works. be 9.6.5 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL RESOURCES 9.6.5.1 Pre-construction phase Other than enhancement no specific mitigation measures are considered warranted. 9.6.5.2 Construction phase The access road to the 17 the centuray Gurudwara will be improved as ever required improvement a part of EMP enhancement plan.. Where must be carried out for access roads mitigation and enhancement to temple, Gurudwaras, Ashrams measures have been framed etc Various plans. At Una after the finalisation and approval of along Una -Mehatpur cut section, the the alignment and 17th access road need to be provided in a century Gurudwara to the project planning. way that it will integrate the Where ever possible, site specific cultural properties. Near Jahu at 91.6 plans have been prepared for chainage on the LHS, the temple will themselves. Therefore no be shifted to a new location by the owner mitigaion measures are considered warrented. 9.6.5.3 Post construction phase Other than the placing of good sign boards, no other specific mitigation efforts stage. are considered warranted at this The project will develop Cultural Property Rehabilitation Plan (CPRP) to mitigate cultural properties. or minimise the impact to the 9.6.6 TOURISMS AND PILGRIMAGE 9.6.6.1 Pre-construction phase Una town El_k for 3 Roads starting from -limachal State Roads Project affect the regular flow of tourists and construction period should not adversely It is necessary to plan and ensure that particular. pilgrimages to Una and Rawaltsor in phase 9.6.6.2 Construction are no other specific mitigation measures cultural property rehabilitation plan Other than the implementation of considered warranted. construction phase 9.6.6.3 Post this location need to be constructed at Sagar reservoir area. A valley view More people could visit the Govind Govind Sagar. location with an excellent view of the of tourism opportunities. This includes: in the project will allow enhancement A number of measures that are planned Overall road safety programme operational stage of the project Aesthetically appealing road corridors during Improved parking space, Bus lay bys Rain shelters Development of oxbow lands required Development of comfort stations wherever parking areas. Development of community spaces and of oxbow lands also contribute to as bus lay - bys, parking areas and development Many road safety measures such costs is mentioned in Chapter 10 of these measures together with their tourism prospects. A detailed account Environmental enhancement measures. 9.6.7 TRANSPORT 9.6.7.1 Pre-construction phase are warranted at this stage. No specific impact mitigation measures Construction phase 9.6.7.2 be in for the construction plan. This should plan implementation is a pre requisite A good efficient traffic management requirements. line with the IRC road safety plan2l 9.6.7.3 Post construction phase for the positive impacts. No specific mitigation efforts are warranted 2000 construction managcmcnt plan 2i IRC Road safety and I-limaclial State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from ULna town 10 TOURISM, PIGRIMAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENTMEASURES The State of Himachal pradesh is often refered to as 'Devbhoomi' meaning indication with regards to land of gods. This surely provides its unique geographical and scenic identity an State with immense not comparable with any other State potential for tourism development need in India. A need utmost importance delicate touches as its rich biodiversity in planning stage of every infrastructure conservation road project, Industrial project. Any infrastructural development development, tourism development etc such as and conservation measures need most carefull planning with all possible in built in the project itself. The sectoral mitigation Roads & Highways sector) development taking place in one sector should not harm and destroy other sector (e.g. importance to the State. Most (Forest & Wildlife sector) which are also important requirement is to have proper vital It is necessary to avoid planning with adequate input from all hurry to implement the project which appears sectors. conflicts and issues. The to be good without resolving the cross institutional arrangements for the implementation sectoral and enhancement measures will of environmental and social mitigation be described in a separately bound package (EMP). wise Environmental Management Plan As discussed in the previous chapters, none of the project defined ecologically roads considered in this report passes sensitive areas. However the project through legally floral and faunal in reality do passess though eco-sensitive diversity. These aspects have been areas with rich environmental already described in the previous Chapters. analysis cannot be restricted to the Therefore the degree of impacts project corridor only. Wherever appropriate, a number of general mitigation and minimisation according to the these measures are not adequate measures have been considered. Nevertheless to reverse the environmental degradation implementation of the project. Further and other long -term impacts due to the efforts are also made to include other to the project and increases the measures, which will be a value addition social accessibility of various steps taken enhancement measures taken include in the project. Various environmental Enhancement tree planting Provision for parking areas Bus bays Bus waiting sheds locally known as 'Rain shelters' Cultural property enhancement Rest area development (Development and Improvement of Oxbow land) Development of Scenic spots along the project roads (tourism plus safety) Development of plafforms for aesthetically beautiful trees and structures Improvement to drinking water sources In addition to this, the cultural property enhancements archaeological are to take care of the enhancements structures etc. All important locations to temples, Shrine, The specific of the project road area have been described activities will be discussed inthe EMP inthe Chapter 5.0. and an overview is presented inthis Chapter. 10.1 ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT MEASURES The project will improve all access roads including the access roads that will be construction period. Provision of tourist demolished or disturbed during the information/sign boards at the access Quantities. roads is also included in the Bill of 10.2 TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC AMENITIES The parking areas would be required for two wheelers, cars, and mini trucks etc. Una town El-\ for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Project 10.2.1 BUS BAYS the big buses in the affected by the frequent stoppage of times free flow of traffic has been continously in any modern In the recent free flow of traffic this cannot be accepted In order to obtain a continous and design middle of the road. travel time will also increase. With many vehicle running cost will be very high, Bus designed projects. Moreover it is imperative to provide bus lay bys. management and safety consideration ( ie compromises, accidents, traffic (exhibit- 10.1) for all Una link roads all areas of existing rain shelter locations bays have been provided in almost to Nerchowk). Mehatput to Una, Amb to Una and Una will improve public convenience and in the exhibit 10.1. These measures A typical design for bus bays is provided the corridor. safety and allow free flow of traffic along left sections of bus bay at the bus bay locations. Right and all traffic safety measures is important and proper Enforcement of should be pedestrian crossing facilities each other at the same location. There into shall not be facing to be prohibited. Taking all these aspects other vehicles to the bus lay -bys must signing of bus stops. Entry of 10.1. built into the designs as shown in exhibit consideration, bus lay - bys have been URBAN AREA PARTIAL LAYOUT OF BUS BAY IN EXHIBIT 10.1 TYPICAL LAYOUT OF AES SAC. 1 000 25ao t CAIMbACAY I Foor0PAH I FOOlAT BUS BAI SEICTLON U-R- SCALE 1:775 24000 24000 r 15000 1XOO t - 1 I ;iDmPATH A 6Oom ITERVAl - 6Oom~LONG 100 WIDE SOLID IIN P:DESTRLAN CROSSING WIDTH SCALE 1:125 LENGTH SCALE 1:250 SPECIFIED IN mm UNLESS O1iERWSE ALL DIMENSIONS ARE AREA OF PARTIAL BUS BAY IN URBAN EXIHIBIT 10.1 TYPICAL LAYOUT SHELTERS/BUS WAITING SHEDS 10.2.2 RAIN SHELTER/ Bus bus sheltor or bus known as rain sheltors rather than by country, bus waiting sheds are popularaily provided where In this part of the rainfall conditions, rain sheltors are larger presence of pedestrians and and waiting sheds. Due to the need to consult the local municipal construction, the project authorities ever it is presently located. During local interest (Any new area locations to avoid the conflict with the authorities for finalising the exact to their communities Panchayat people to constrcut bus lay bys near groups. There were demands from local for actual development plan) necessary budget within the EMP cost are provision in the Project for the ( Chapter 6 consultation) There could not be considered due to serious toilet facilities attached to rain sheltors implementation. The demand for the maintenance related issues. BAYS 10.3 PARKING SPACE OR CAR PARKING 10.3.1 parking indicated the requirement of proper during the early preparation stage Various studies carried out traffic management. In all places where and use is required as a part of good space.Therefore proper parking areas I liinachal State Roads Project l-I.\ for 3 Roads starting from Lna town land is a severe constrain, land take will be avoided. Every inch of land available considered for parking of vehicles depending along the road sides would be Design on the demand. This can be easily for such parking areas is not yet made in the valley ward side. ready, but will be completed at a later reports. stage prior to finalisation of the draft 10.3.2 TAXI STAND FOR JEEPS AND CARS Typical designs required for parking areas will be Plan. Typical provided in the separately bound designs required for parking areas Environmental Management areas will be provided in the separately are to be finalised .There will be provision bound EMP. Proposed parking for separate parking space for these vehicles. EXHIBIT 10.2: EXISTING PARKING AREAS MEHATPUR-UNA-AMB SLNO. CO4aEdwA Lot" LwATYR TOTAL 1 6-7 Mehatpur Parking 2 17-18 Parking 2 Parking 3 Parking 2 18-19 -Una Parking 4 22-23 Parking 3 Parking 5 30-31 1 6 Parking 34-35 Parking 1 7 1 38-39 Parking 8 1 49-50 Parking Parking 2 I_I _I 1 13 UNA NERCHOWK EXISTING PARKING AREAS SL CHANAE LOCATIN PAF AR N. TOTAL -_I--1--- 1 0-1 Una Parking X 2 18-19 Thana 1 Kalan Parking 3 27-28 Bangana 1 Parking 4 40-41 Lathiani 1 Parking 5 47-48 Badsar 1 Parking 6 49-50 Mehre Parking 1 7 59-60 Saloni 1 Parking Parking 8 69-70 Bhota 2 Parking parking 9 76-77 Patta 2 10 Parking 80-81 Ladraur Parking 1 11 92-93 Jaahu 1 Parking parking 12 102-103 Dhalwan 2 Parking 13 1-0 Nerchowk 1 Parking 1 1__ __ 1 __ 16 The space required will be of the order of 200 sq.m. This space should available corridor. Raised footpaths be secure and away from the existing will be required at these locations. The and proposed parking areas (exhibit project will develop many of the existing 10.2 and 3). Separate design for typical provided. parking areas for cars etc will be Una town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Ilimachal State Roads Project PARKING AREAS EXHIBIT 10.3: DETAILS OF PROPOSED - I.N for are two parking issues one for parking Parking issue There 1 6-7 Mehatpur trucks at 6.680 (LHS) Another for parking at chainage 7.140(RHS) is parking area available at 15. 760 -15.880 Parking issue There 2 15-16 on LHS of road There are 5 parking spaces identified 3 17-18 Una can Near Municipal council office 150 vehicles be parked site Near veterinary hospital one more parking available Parking space available near Municipal Council park stand Opposite to Ganga Lodge near new bus there is also space available. 2 wheelers can be parked near Homachal Cinema without land acquisition land / where parking can be developed Proposed Parking areas- Details of oxbow (Realignment Locations) Length (Km) End Ch. S.No. Start Ch. 0.22 50.98 1 50.76 0.24 56.10 2 55.86 0.30 63.30 3 63.00 0.35 66.10 4 65.75 0.30 67.20 5 66.90 0.40 86.42 6 86.02 0.38 87.00 7 86.62 0.64 90.78 8 90.14 2.83 (Km) I_Total gravel or earthern to develop all of these parking areas, Ifthe shortage of funds does not permit Platforms could be very cost effective. KILLA BEDI SAHIB 10.4 INTEGRATION OF THE a suitable information to the Una road net work by erecting Killa Bedi Sahib will be well integrated has The 17th century separate design for environmental enhancement an excellent access to the area. A joint board and the provision of A detailed cost estimate and then a with Archaeology department is positive. ben prepared . The consultation plans already developed by the project. had been sought for consolidating the site visit with Archaeological officials session, the site visit can be and the State Legislative assembly Since they are busy with other assignments according to the engineer consulted. arranged some time after April 04, 2007 BUS STATION AT UNA 10.5 INTEGRATION OF EXISTING to the project road widening and urban area need to be fully integrated The existing private bus stand at Una exit for all vehicles. The entry and include one-way system to the entry and improvement. The proposed measures part of the engineering strategy. The improved without any land take as a exit roads will be fully developed and project road. No additional costs are facilities also will be integrated to the longitudinal and Cross Drainage (CD) items. The payment will be included inthe bill of quantities for engineering required as all the unit costs required are accomplished. based on the additional quantity of civil work I limachal State Roads Project E1.V for 3 Roads starting from lAna town 10.6 CULTURAL PROPERTY ENHANCEMENT Actually all cultural properties that will be impacted will be replaced as per the that are on the immediate vicinty provisions made in the RAP. But those of the project road will be well integrated designs developed for other by the EMP provisions . Few projects are provided in exhibit 10.4. typical EXHIBIT 10.4: DESIGN FOR CULTURAL PROPERTIES 10l7 TRE E Pa TANTI IICLE- .;0 ITYPE - 2 TIPI. 2 S 10$ T&L/VOSO A(/tC 10.7 TREE PLANTING 10.7.1 ROADSIDE ENHANCEMENT TREE PLANTING Project will require to remove more than 7,000 trees from the side include three thousand of the project road including all three trees enumerated from the Forest roads. This according to the areas. All this require compensatory Forest conservation Act. The forest department afforestation will complete this task up on payment. However tree planting explained in this section is different form the compensatory need to be planted in all areas afforestation. Trees and shrubs available along the projet roads. After land areas will be left the realignment and curve improvements unutilised. To avoid any future encroachments many Specific details on such land areas planting are provided in the respective EMPs. will carried out. 10.8 TOURISM ENHANCEMENTS 10.8.1 DISPLAY OF TOURIST LEVEL INFORMATION This relates to the information boards with regrads structures to the tourism and pilgrimage areas are properly integrated to the project in PIA so that all these roads. This will be a positive step towards State. Exhibit 10.5 is the important tourist tourisms prospects of the places in the project influeneced area. EXHIBIT 10.5: IMPORTANT TOURIST PLACES INTHE PROJECT INFLUNECED Chainap location -Type AREA. (PIA) res,urce Remarks l LHS 12-13 RHS Access to ViSpring 12.100-12.200 Waterakarma Mandir 15-16 - Access toSaibaba 15.400-15.500 16-17 Temple ______Access road to Access to Radha Kilabedisahib KilaBedi Sahib at chainage 16.700 - 16.800 Spring Waterami (LHS) Satsang Beas Radha Spring Waterami Satsang Beas at 17-18 Una chainage 16.900 - 17.000 (RHS) Access to Chindpurni, Chamunda, jawalagi and kangda Una town EIA for 3 Roads starting from I -lmachal State Roads Project - i *; . - 7 7 '! L, to Baba bedi 18-19 UAccess _ Bhadwag singh Balaknath Temple at chainage Access to Pracheen Baba Access to Baba (LHS) 28-29 Matha asht Bhuj 28.300-28.400 Balaknath is an access road (750 m) on mandir There Temple RHS of the road at chainage 28.500- 28.600 to the Very old Pracheen mandir (>5000 years) believed to be built by pandavas. Una town Killa bedi sahib Often referred to as river of sorrow Soan river Lathiyani Govind Sagar reservoir Valley view locations 6-7 Mehatpur Gurudwara 7-8 Lower Dehlan Mehatpur Gurudwara 8-9 Shrine 10-11 Behthala Gurudwara 11-12 Jalgrampul Gurudwara 15-16 Temple 16-17 Temple(Shiva) 19-20 20-21 Temple 21-22 Temple 22-23 Raisry Temple (200 25-26 Lower Basal- Basola year old lord shiva) Shrine 33-34 Behara Temple (shiva) 34-35 Baruhi - Shrine 41-42 Nandpur Temple 47-48 Khotera Kherala names of rivers, the lengths and the of the name of tourist locations including HP is a tourist area and clear display from tourism as well as step for encouraging tourism with investment catchment areas would be a very positive PWD. PETROL STATIONS STATIONS AND KIOSKS TO DEVELOPMENT OF COMFORT 10.8.2 all therefore tourists wanted to perfom management is the key to tourism and More than the money itself but the time stations away from busy urban this is to integrate the existing petrol/diesel tasks at one go. The best way to achieve tourists will be able; centres where in with some extra facilities to eat and drink (tourist grade restaurant) grade maintenance) to use the toilets (with high level of tourist fill petrol for the vehicle and, air, water check for the vehicles petty repair shop petrol stations in to the tourism concept, the existing integrate the diesel/petrol stations, a restaurent For that matter to well men and women. A small kiosk or to develop comfort rooms for both only owners should be requested This must be made mandatory not shall be made mandatory for tourists. depdending on the space vailable I linmachal State Roads Project ElI\ for 3 Roads starting from Una town along these project roads but all along the State Highways and National the owners, it is better highways in the State. In order to introduce tax holidays for a certain to encourage yearly renewal period and also to provide tourist basis. With a small effort such grade status on an Government changes can easily be made of India. all through out the country by the 10.8.3 DEVELOPMENT OF REALIGNMENTS AND BRIDGE RELOCATION AREAS As a part of environmental management it is necessary to develop the realignments and new bridge alignments left over portion (oxbow land) of sections. These areas will the depending up on the be heavily planted and parking areas space available a full scale rest area developed bridge sites could also be developed in such the environmental survey has identified locations. In almost all be alllowed soilid municipla garbage waste disposal to continiue instead a certain area areas. This should not bodies in the vicinity should be used to pile should be entrusted to dispose this up the muncipla waste. Local safely on a weekly or monthly basis. Information boards with the name of the river shall be erected near the major rivers. Typical drawings will be developed for the rest areas along the realignment municipal Garbage/waste and bridge locations. In such places disposal possibilities will also be explored. solid 10.8.4 INTEGRATION OF THE REWALSAR LAKE AND THE PILGRIMAGE SITE The Rewalsar Lake and the associated pilgrimage that activities must be well integrated the investment made in the road in to the Una road net work so project will be easily useful to the integration would be; common man. The elements of such Half a dozen information boards on how to reach Rewalsor is to erect at Mehatpur, The approach road Una Mandi and Amb locations. from both Mandi and the project road need to be resurfaced and maintained to Improvement of the facilities at Rewalsor an acceptable level Out of this only the first one can be included in this project. 10.8.5 INTEGRATION OF THE GOVIND SAGAR RESERVOIR FOR PICNIC As stated earlier, there is an immense tourist potential lying at Govind Sagar potential relates to (Plate 10.1) near Lathiani. These Water sports Angling, Rowing, Spring Waterimming Bathing pool Water park town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una Ilimachal State Roads Project AT LATHIANI KM 40.00 PLATE 10.1 GOVIND SAGAR RESERVOIR Una Nerchowk km 45.000 Plate 10.2: Valley view location along r* to,4 1 2 0 0 6 area can be a good picnic spot and large scale investments, until then the As such development will require by providing a number of in to the improvements of Una road network therefore need to be well integrated exists a platform ( Plate both sides. At chainage 45. 020, there already information boards and proper access from 10.2) to have a view of Govindsagar lake. LOCATIONS 10.8.6 INTEGRATION OF VALLEY VIEW and a tower for viewing the valley locations where in suitable parking areas There are a number of valley view Proper information boards such location is provided in the plate no 10.2. towards Govind sagar could be made. One should be erected at appropriate locations. locations. One such valley view in, it is recommended to put valley view Following are the exact locations where 10.2). Plate 10.3 shows over looking the Govind sagar valley (Plate location already exists along Una- Nerchowk lake view. another location where there is a good Jlimachal State Roads l'roject EIA for 3 Roads starfing from Una town Plate 10.3 Valley view location along Una Nerchowk at 23.5 km chainage .,0'2w. J4/0 9/2 00 6 T - ] , - town EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una IlIimachal State Roads Project LIST OF REFERENCES singh ji bedi of sikh raj Sri Hazur babasahib A.M. 1. lBrief history of patriarch measures AR Sankhyan and In HP present scenario and remedial 2. Floods and cloud bursts Gautam 2000 construction management plan 3. 1 IRC Road safety and Environmental management 4. Land, Water and Himachal Pradesh, 1992 development and tube wells in 5. Manual on groundwater Dr Swapan C Deb, 2003 India, 6. Environmental management, of India, Government of Report 2005, Planning commission 7. Himachal Pradesh Development New Delhi written by Valmeeki Maharshi 8. Hindu Indian epic Ramayana Act, 1972 9. 'Indian Wildlife Protection Policy 4.30, June 1990 The World Bank Operational 10. Involuntary Resettlement, 11. IRC Hill road manual IRC:SP:48-1988 edition) published by IRC 2001 bridges and highways (Fourth Contract specification for Technology and Environment 12. MORTH 2000-State Council for Science, the Environment Report, March Vol. I - III (World 13. State of Environment Assessment Sourcebook, Bank, Environment Department, updates. 14. The World Washington DC, 1991; and its No. 139, 140 and 154), No. 376), Bank Technical Papers (World Bank Technical Paper Roads and Environment, A Handbook 15. The World Bank, Sourcebook, 1997. The World Bank, Resettlement Operations, Building Washington DC, Construction Equipment and Protection Agency, Noise From 16. U.S. Environmental 31. 1971 Appliances, NJID, 300.1, December of Equipment and Home Published by his Majestys Government site Hand book, John Howel, 17. Road side Bio Engineering, Nepal of roads, Babar Mahal,Kathmandu, roads and other Nepal, Department Roads project, Himachal state Report 2006. Himachal State 18. Environmental screening Himachal Pradesh Corporation, Government of Infrastructure Development road and Una- Jahu-Nerchowk report for Mehatpur-Una-Amb 19. Environmental Impact Assessment road, December 2006. 2006. report for Theog-Rohru Decemeber 20. Environmental Impact Assessment January 2007 Plan for Theog- Rohru road project, Environmental Management side slopes in Nepal 21. measures for stabilising road Low cost Engineering and Vegetative 22. of Himachal Pradesh 23. State Water policy .Government and Forests (MOEF), Government Notification Ministry of Environment 24. September 14, 2006 Gazette Asia. Wildlife of India. Guidelines for India and south and wildlife, Environmental 25. Roads Sensitive habitats institute of India side slopes in Nepal. CJ Lawrance, measures for stabilising road Low cost Engineering and vegetative United Kingdom. 26. Laboratary, Crowthorne Berkshire, Overseas centre, Transport Research Mr D.P. Gupta Louis Berger Report Vol 1 & II January 2007, 27. Bio-doversity Imnpact Assessment of Nepal Group Inc. Howel His Majesties,, Government Department of roads Mr John 28. Road side Bio engineering. Joshi. Louis Berger Groyup (BIA) February 2007, Dr Anupam 29. Bio-Diversity Impact assessment Inc.New Shimla. f limaclial State Rtoads 1roject EIA for 3 Roads starting from l.na town Am' N'IC S ...... - town EI for 3 Roads starting from lUna IFlimachal State Roads Project .. Appendix 3. ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES I liinac :al Statc Rloads Pro iect t co U. for 3 Roads startng from UTna town NMost immediate Personal attention No. PBW(B&R)3(6)912005-1 Government of Himachal Pradesh Public Works Department. From: The Pr.Secretary (PW) to the Govt. of Hitnachal Pradesh, Shimia-2. 0. I. Shri S.P.Vasudeva. Member Secretarv, State Environmental Protection & Pollution Control Board, Phase-Ill, New Shimia. 2. Shri Vinet Kumar, Conservator of Forest, Distt. Shimia, Shimla. 3. Shri M.Narayanappa, Conservator of Forest, District Sirmour, Nahan. Dated, Shinia-2, the 5" December, 2006. Subject:- Prior Environment Clearance (EC) for roads tnder proposed World Bank project. Sir. The State Govermment is proposing a project for upgradarion of certain State Highways (S.Hs.) and Major Disirict Roads (M.D.Rs.) through proposed AWorld Bank assistance. As per the requirement of World Bank, EIA and EMP are required tO be prepared as a part of project implementation and hence preparation ot EIA and E.M1iP are already in an advanced stage through the consultant. Howvcer. statutory clearances are also required to be obtained before commencement of work. wherever such clearances are required- Our consultant has advised us to seek the directions/clarifications from State Environment Ptotection and Pollution Control Board and the State Forest Department regarding requirement of prior E.C. with respect to following 2 roads:- I. Theog-Kotkhai-Hatkoti-Rohru road. 2. Kumarhatti-Sarhan-Nahan road. As per the Government of India notifiction dated 14.9.2006 regarding prior E.C., I'roject Activity at Sr.No.7(f) -Highways of the Schedule of the notification provides for prior E.C for Category A and Category B activities. Since the above proposed roads are not National Highways. it is relevant to examine whether these roads fall in Category B necessitating prior E.C. . The scope of work involved in the above two roads is expansion of the existing road by widening to double lane Una town ELt for 3 Roads starting from flimachal State Roads Project road to road and widening of existing standard in case of Theog-Hatkoti-Rohru road. The B in case of Kumarhatti-Sarahan-Nahan intermediate lane standard as stipulated in the Schedule prior environmental clearance Category activity requiring is as under- KM involving Highways greater than 30 ,'Expansion of State involving land greater than 20 Mtrs. additional right of way acquisition." environmental clearance wvill provisions clearly stipulate that I II: above such additional right of right of way is involved and that be required onil i t'additional 20 Mtrs. way should be ,greatcrthan up to road has acquired width ranging Presentlyn 'heog-Hatkoti-Rohru Although this road has double lane width. Mtrs. Substantial portion of yet 20 Mtrs. to 24 portion and 12 Mtrs. on curves, width is 10 Mtrs. on straight to be double lane standard the widening work is proposed will be about 15 Mtrs. All or corridor of impact fresh approaches to bridges the existing road. Wherever land taken up only along right of way i.e. additional curves are required, the additional be improvement of because the road corridor will shall not exceed 20 Mstrs. etc. proposed to be acquired breast walls/retaining walls including drainages, parapets, and 9.5 about 15 Mtrs,. Mmrs. wide at straight portion road will be 7.5 alread) Similarly, Kumarhatti-Nlahan 12 Mtrs. Acquired width is ith corridor of impact of about Mlrs. Mirs. at curves w it will not be more than 15 additional land is required, available and wherever expansion/widening of Theog- of the Department is that the wvidth. Hence. the view road do not invite the road and Kumarhatti-Sarahan-Nahan dated 14.09.2006. Kotkhas-Rohru of the Schedule of notification provisions stipulated under Sr.No.7(f) down in the General Condition(GC) laid l'he other issue is whether 2 road projects. Schedule will apply to these or activity specified in Condition says that any project The General whole or in part within 10 as Category A, if located in Category B will be treated KM from the boundarv of:- Act. under the Wild Life (Protection) (i) Protected Areas notified 1972. as notified by the Central Pollution (ii) Criticalily Polluted Areas Control Board from time to time. areas. (iii) Notified Eco-Sensitive (ivi Inter-State boundaries. Central provides for clearance by above General Condition if an The cleared at the State level, only fall in Category B to be of Governnent, ifactivities the scope of the widening involved. As discussed above, of the above 4 areas are General Condition shall not appli fall in Category B and hence these 2 roads do not 4 areas. within 10 Kms. of any of the even if the activit\ is located not fall within 10 KmN. from information, these 2 roads do As per our any one of the 4 categories 4 areas because no such area in the boundary of an\ of the is not required for the Since, environrmental clearance has been notified as such, is not applicabte. We are therefore General Condition activity of road widening and Ilinachlal Stare Roadis lrcr El V for 3 Roads starting from Lina town already preparing EIA and EMP as an essential execution, you may part of the project kindly let us know if preparation and Notified Protected these roads falls in any Area, Notified Criticlly of the three areas iVe. Area(the Polluted Areas and proposed roads do not Notified Eco-Sensitive measures/safeguards fall in Inter-State boundaries), can be included so that appropriate under other under EIAJEMP. However, relevant Acts will be obtained. required approvals May 1, herefore. request the:- 1. State Environment Protection and Pollution clarifv.concur Control Board that prior E.C. is not to view of scope required for these two of work and legal provisions. roads in 2. Conservtor of Forest Shimla and are Nahan to please clarify nti fi d Protected Areas/Critically whether there Areas Polluted located within 10 Areas//Eco-Sensitive KMS of these two roads. Y, urs faithfully, Pr.SecryPW( theW Governme of H.P. LIndst.No. PBW(Bl&R)3(6)9/2005-I Copy to:- Dated: Shimla-2, the 5 h December, 2006. E Chief Engineer-cum-Project Director, HPRIDC, US Club. Shimla- - gDr. 1 C.V.Sunder Rajan. Environmental No.4 Expert, Luis 1, Sector- l 8. Nlaruti Institutional Burger Group, Plot Area, Gurgaon- f2005I Pr.S re a?W)rto the overmment of H.P. from ao -f loads tarting Unatow ElA1. for 3 Road Proct I limachal State Roads BOARD, & POLLUTION CONTROL PROTECTION 009. H.P. STATE NEVIRONMENT Phase-Ill, New Shiiula-171 'Parvavaran B',lawan', Dated: Ji, 2. 5 7 - 7I' No. EP&PCB/PWDtMisc.V2007- Secretarn, Fromn - Member Chief, To: The Engineer-in Works Depanment, Himachal Pradesh Publi. S. Club,Shimia-1710J1. of 443 I and Detailed Design Study of 1675 Ims Services for Feasibility and EIA Reports thereof. Sub:- Consultancy - Environmental Screening km ol up-grading roads 18-01- Sir, / 2006 -2198 dated PBW-SRP I RIDC to vour letter No. This has reference above. on the subject cited vide letter No. 2007 has already clarified that the State Board Director (SRP). contcxt, it is in. ormed to the Project In this dated 18.01.2007 addressed to you that the 2007- l05b-4.8 with copy endorsed & PCB/PWD MiscJ Shimla - 171 001 screening PWD, US Clutb, as vwell as environmental the HPRIDC, HP and mitigation plans which fall under Impact Assessment individual road projects to Environmental fomiulated for those by Govt. of India according are required to be 14.09.2006 issued notification scoping No. S.O 1533 dated provisions of this of ElA Notification According to the at the aianbit in thi, notification. Comnmittees (EACs) contained done by Exper Appraisal f-rC pmrjects or 4 the guidelines & scoring is to be " no!'FC" the Stxte scrkening Appraisr,! Ccrninmtts'-s Assessment and l( X environmental and Stute 1'x:e._t Environmental Impact C:nLst (n errm..ent '1' respectively. by the Expert 'A' and Category defined for this purpose activities in Category terms of reference Expert Appraisal to be basx on the and State gation plans are the Central Government - \g| (FACs) at lhe project falls. Appraisal Commintees the category in wvhich dcpcnding upon EAC Jrut Ice (SEACs) defuied from the the terms of reference requested to get and prepare the Environmental You are therefore, Cle;rance note that ,I is which requires Environmental so fixed. Please for each project to the terms of reference which are covered K 8 . /SEAC (EIA) aecording of projects Assssment before constntc';on India and anything _, Ilmpact Environmental Clearance issueIl by Govt. of mandatory to obtain dated 14.09.2006 (Protection) Act. -. No. S O. 1533 cf Environmental under EtA Notification of the provisions this would i.e violation / ne contrary to Yours faithftilly, C Secretary action: - 2~ ^ QlMember intfonnation and neccess.r,y the following for - 171 002. Copy forvarded to CGovt. of l.P. Shitnla '<5~ Secretary (S &&E-, - 171 (002, 1 Principal Govt. of tI.P., Shiniila 171 001. ,(; Secrclar:i (PWD), US Club, Shinia - 2. Principal IIPRIDC, HP PWD, roject Director (NRP). ePXrXnaa. ,. Ifinacial State Roadis Prject F. for 3 Roads starting from Ulna town r t^t' S. &t'aiQe hi,4oromZes;9 Yn4oz~ L. ,> tA A/Jo AOJ<2.>. AO4/A,# 4e-j )j I' 2-OKt?7tve - tnY P a 7 Af4 /Cr cto6f / - J Oi\ Ymta Zere 9*ei0 6ae Ybe .ewacjwt c1Yk&, yoq Xsve a; yX7k Pt4n&$./.. 64 4SvAXnn,snk P4SN q 01>4 0 4*jtt?v O W 6.1' ,'cr1.1 u*2o. -tt cn/e,t f73u ze 1 ant /kr7fa-mne.ds ~t cR 5 A-4 iO Ar/ecoi @C>W ft »cWecj 9)-ar t gcw,n24£ of "?t. t% hc 9new't( Y te CdMed cj~/ ej ncXzz(o ,1ee d c/i A aetf' 1 5z rJead.4 o Ca1cil ~w AVoAe /otern, + a! $ 4 Ye Pi5sta?#--/Wn$ , ~ ~ r 4 6&t 'eao:e/w from Una town El.-\ for 3 Roads starting I limachal State Roads Projcct LNVIRONMI N1 PRO I I-(110N H P STIATI BIiIAl\ AN CONTROI IsOARD). PARYAVARN POi1 s rLON 17 1OtO PI IA.SE-1IIL N ENV SHINILA- 6 I)dtcdaeS / B f a] No P(' B PM D NMisc 2017- /Do F*'roull Nclcber-Secretar. I hIC Proje. I )ifitoi fSl'P), ShimIla-l7 04 IIPRIDC. III' IPVD). l'S Club, tIii of Feasibility Studv Screening Repori Ior I675 uIect: - ktiIromonnlcztati (Crridors. Ktii ot Scucenirnim Repon tor I o`i rhL' S!alc 13:urd hias eceived Vnsiironental dilat scightgc asNigneitd l;t In this corntext. it is submiittd Fcdmibilil\ Siud\ (orridori Jlipu tIl IN liilicated in I able 1-1 DeN: 1i iv-lop-sided ias iloniellnial llaitiimvsu ;,peavs - Ln\ land degradatioin aid skeved, in 'acss ol' videspread tcghtjec ol 6. 'Ihich is too avoigied Ph%sical. Biological & iSistigs Id that braddt\ ol'.acl & a3ir poliuion It mlipacts Inletlils of 40. 41) itnd 2ii- be ass.igned seciorat 'eightage o-EcoolnlhiC. paianiete s should //\$\t74oi E-l I iLui _q1Lilmd etedin ttle 1Iable Iespect\ si (iLd u 1' . ' u,.1l,jr' be,C:ir;..lC"l.:. 1;Sho \5C' 1: ,~~tS~i'..icv; t.sosi!;2 [tit / t to be (irwnWIate! tr thosc & scopimlS ate required IIN1IOIl1s (l sci clillF ' pC a\Nt% a. dated |tk'SLbP of`t'lA Nutiticaiioun No S Oi 533 \s!ich fall undet thc atibit i.uall ti0d tliojVcis XindIs contained in this Otitlicatolui India according to the auidelincs o1) 200ci issucd bhGovt otf Yours faithfiull gill bi I "g t .P action - 10 1ht'Mifllat.01 aMid rl"essdul - {%aideVdIlo01r t te tIl1'u1ilig I Oovit ofl'it 1 Shmnt-lI-171 (pJ2 Ih icilpil Sccrcial. P.\Vl). t11 IlP l tS Club Shtiila-171001 I , r f.l.ii-hii hiLl g\) . --0G J. -lr- i\y/ , \{, / fiinaclhal State Roads lroject UI.A for 3 Roads starting trom Una town H.P. STATE NEVIRONMENT PROTECTION IL - POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD , 'Pawyavaran Rbawan', Pbhas-l- New SIml>-171 009. No. EP&PCB/PWD (Misc.)t006- Date 32 9 Ar1 From: - Menber Secretary, To: l3e nridpal Secretary (PWD), Goverment of Himnachal Pradesh, Shimla-171002. Sub:- Prior Environmental Clearance (EC) for project. Roads under proposed World Bank Sir, This bas reference to your letter No. PBW(B&R)3(6)9/20005-1 2006 on the dat 5Sed1h subject cited above regarding: i. Theog-Kotkhai-Hatkoti.Rohru er, Kwnarhatti-Sarahan-Nahan Road. According road And 2. . additional to the contenb of your right of way in aase of Theog-Kotkhai-Hatkoti-Rohru refored letter the mets. Similarly for Kumarhatti-Sarahan-Nahan road shall not exceed 20 tha Road it has been se in additional land required will oot be the referred letter your more tian 15 mets widt It is also referred letter that both the above roads mentioned in are expansion of exiso'ng state highways. (i." From the namtive of the letter under reference and Notification No. SO-1533(E) dted the provisions of E1A Environmental 14-09-2006 by the Govermnt earnce in case of expansion of India, the length is grear of National / State Highways is required than 30 km involving additional right if road acquisition. of way greater than 20m involving land In view of above Theog-KotkhaiHatfkoti-Rohru description sent by you, it is submitted road and 2. Kumabatii-Sarahan-Nahanthat the two roads viz. 1. eiter A or B categories Road do not of Schedule of the ETA Notification, fall in hence do not require environmental 2006 mentioned above and \S)>Polluted clearance. It is Rther clarfied th Areas given in General Condition referenc of Critically only when (OC) of the Schedule of this notification any of the spociffed projects fall in applies Category-B of the Schedule of this notification. Yours faitifully, '1' Wi Una town EIA for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Project q) rni;iiacnal rraaesn Koad CONSULTANT:LOUIS trifrastrcutre Development Road name BERGER GROUP Corporation INC, STHFLOOR ,VATIKA TRAINAGLE,SUSHANT LOK PHASE 1,GURGAON-122002,HARAYANA,INDIA 3te DETAILED Wather ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE LEFT SURVEYS HAND SIDE 30m BEYOND ROW FROM PHYSICAL CENTRE Env. BIO Env. SOCIAL W FURNITURE Env Left L RIGHT HAND Right SIDE 30m BEYOND ROW FROM CENTRE Feature/ Feature/ SOCIAL Env. BIO Distance Feature/ Env. PHY Env. Distance Distance Feature thainae/Feature/ Distance location Distance Feaure Distance Feature/ Featurel Distance Distance I limachlal State Roads Project ELA\ for 3 1 Roads starting trom L na toxvn Appendix 6.1 PROJECT SUMMARY '181 . I Una town E1IA for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Project PROJECT SUMMARY INTRODUCTION the with an ambitious plan for improving/upgrading Himachal Pradesh (GOHP) has geared-up The Government of developments taking place in of the economy and infrastructure of the State in tune with the growth road network through the Government of India (GOI) to materialise this plan, the GOHP the other part of the country. In order of the State for the up gradation and improvement the World Bank (WB) for loan assistance has approached Bank has therefore agreed to support Roads (MDRs) in the State. The World Highways (SHs) and Major District project conforming to includes the implementation of the with a loan agreement that in principle the project legal frame work of the country. policies of the World Bank and the environmental and social safegurad and infrastructure of agency for the project and establishment through the HPRIDC is the executing Berger The GOHP The GOHP has appointed the Louis utilised by the HPRIDC for implementation. the HP-PWD is to be aspects of project preparation (PCC) to assist the HPRIDC in all as Project Coordinating Consultants tasks Group Inc. Terms of Reference (TOR). These with the objectives as detailed in the and implementation in accordance through out the period of aspects of the project that will be implemented are linked to the engineering and social Consultancy agreement. STATUS OF THE PROJECT consulting assistance has successfully State PWD, without any external As a first step in May 2005, the and Major District about 1675km of State highways (SH) Option Study (SOS) and identified completed a Strategic Group has started work on the and improvement. The Louis Berger (MDR) for the prioritized upgradation Roads consultants are in the process of feasibility project from January 6, 2006. The Phase 1 (details given below) of the screening of the priority roads. analysis and environmental and social NEED OF THE PROJECT and only 60% of this length is metalled has 24,922 km of motorable roads, Himachal at present (March 2005) roads. Most of the villages are connected by all weather Less than 50% of all the census 90% is single-laned. roadside parapets and good road and cross drainage, retaining walls, existing road lengths lack longitudinal topography of the infrastructure is essential. The mountainous therefore, upgradation of the existing and geometrics, transport. Unfortunately the extent among the conventional modes of State makes roads the most viable is inadequate and poor. condition of the current road network commodities which and agricultural produce - perishable is well known for its fruit, vegetable Himachal Pradesh major share of the primary sector Fish and livestock products are another require fast and efficient transport. sites at seven have led to the development of industrial the State. Recent efforts at industrialization economy in Transport of raw materials and finished the States of Punjab and Haryana. places along the foothills adjoining II i limachal State Roacts l'roject FIA for 3 Roads starting froml Ulna townI goods to and from these industrial zones require efficient transport so that major industries State. Tourism has been are attracted to the a mainstay industry in this picturesque and indirectly. State, employing thousands of people A transportation network that provides directly extensive connectivity and smooth the development of this travel is a necessity for sector, to make the State into a national and international tourist destination. Upgradation of the road network in the State will increase the connectivity of places, people, resulting in greater safe mobility of goods and utilisation of resources and socio-economic of development of the people. the various investments by the Government The success in the different sectors depend of the transport infrastructure to a great extent on the adequacy i.e. road network in the State. Due to the peculiar geographic, topographic constraints and the demographic aviation has a limited scope pattern, the railways and civil in this Himalayan State for development in comparison to the Roads and Highways. DETAILS OF THE PROJECT The project has been conceptualised to implement in several engineering, successive stages/phases after environmental, social and economic detailed impact studies of the 1675 km of had been selected out of project roads. These roads a Strategic Option study (SOS) of Himachal the 3160kms State road networks Pradesh. The entire study involves in the State of several stages starting with feasibility length. Since the State studies for the 1675km of road PWD has carried out necessary homework to find out the 413 km of all the elements to be graded as State roads that has the highest priority roads. The study in a is thus envisaged to take shape more appropriate, practical and useful and evolve manner to cater to the needs and State. wishes of the common people of the Out of the de facto 413 km of high prioritised roads, 240 km of roads will be subjected be completed by the to detailed engineering to end of September 2006. The remaining 161 km of roads will be studied Feasibility studies will take shape by March 2007. The as a normal course of action during prioritised 1675km the same period with a list of of roads by the end of the year. high As a matter of fact, although this is logically wrong, this is a practical stage wise approach State government to make step that will enable the by step physical progress and improvements required economic of the roads in tune with the needs of the State. This has the potential to provide employment generation requirement of the political aspirations thus meeting the of an elected Government as well. The proposed project roads are spread over ten of the twelve Kinnaur districts in the State; the two districts and Lahaul & Spiti. The combined excluded are area of influence of ten distrcits direct and will be extensive, and their indirect, will be on majority of the impact, State population and the natural environment. 1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVES In order to make rapid economic growth in tune with the economic growth for the safe and of the country, a modest design efficient movement of people and speed goods is seen as the objective. The to achieve this standard with consultants will be aiming required cost effectiveness, coupled with necessary environmental management Una town El,V for 3 Roads starting from Itlimachal State Roads Project and unsafe hill roads with deep valleys' development in the State. The very standards for achieving sustainable in their daily use of the the travellers considerable anxiety unstable formations give most of steep geologically With proper traffic engineering and to all pedestrians, drivers and passengers. highway system; this is applicable accidents. Therefore a marked reduction in road traffic regulations there should also be enforcement of the road congested conditions of the to alleviate the current unsafe and of the project can be Stated as the road the objectives the NH network for the benefit of and towns with one another and to project roads connecting the villages users at large. 1.2 PHASING OF THE PROJECT intwo phases The project will be undertaken FOR IMPLEMENTATION TABLE 1.0 PHASING OF THE PROJECT necessary for World Bank appraisal of the provide the information and assessments PHASE 1: This will Project. It will include Project Preparation proposed of the roads prioritized by the SOS * Feasibility study and screening I of a selected subset environmental and social assessment * Preliminary design, 50% of the and development proposals for about * Final design, economic analysis selected subset of roads. This will include PHASE 2: roads - the final design of the remaining Project Implementation coordination & strengthening of engineering * assistance with project implementation, skills thc hill (deep valley) or hill slope. If it is on thc top of the location of the road on thc 'Il-his is a rclativc term indicating hill) along the hottom of hill (stcep I limachlal State Roads Projcct 1ICTA for 3 Roads starting from LUna townt TABLE 2.0: PROPOSED PHASE 1 PACKAGE 1 IMPROVEMENT ROADS PHASE 1: Package 1: Part A: * Design, environmental and social feasibility studies Preliminary for 1675 km of prioritized roads. engineering for 800 km of roads Part B: Detailed engineering design of 413 km of the proposed project roads for upgrading. designs would The be the basis of detailed cost estimates to be used in the economic analysis and assessment of project costs. Part C: Detailed investigations, preliminary engineering design, Arrangement Drawing and General cost estimate for major bridge of span of 825m at approximate Lathiani on Una - Aghar - Jahu Road. The location of the project roads is provided in the Table 3.0. TABLE 3.ODETAILSOFTHEPROPOSEDPHASE I(STAGE1) PROJECTROADS Si. Proposed roads for improvement SHIMDR No Road Length (km) Existing Carriageway (CW) 1 Mehatpur Una Mubarikpur Daulatpur HP boundary SH-25 44.200 2 7.0 m Una Aghar Barsar Jahu Bhambla Mandi SH-32 126.270 3 Theog-Kothkhai-Hatkoti-Rohroo-Chirgaon- 5.5/3.5 m i Sandhasu 80.730 Total length of the Roads -250.00 km THE FIGURE 1.0 SHOWN IN THE SEPARATE SHEET ISTHE LOCATION MAP OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ROADS. Details of the proposed package 2 roads of the Phase 1 are provided in the Table 4.0. TABLE 4.0 DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PHASE I (STAGE 2) PROJECT Si. Proposed roads for ROADS improvement SHM No Road Existing Carriage MDR No way Width Length(km) ______1 Ghumarwin - Sarkaghat - Jogindernagar NH 70 section)l (Except 82.980 3 3.5 m Kumarhatti - Sarahan - Nahan Dosarka SH-2 78.000 5.5 / 3.5 m Total length of Roads- 160.980 km Considering the similar, recent, World Bank projects in India that is being require highest standards of construction, implemented; these projects be it with engineering, environmental the project. These projects are being or socials dimensions of generally taken up for bidding at Intemational Competitive Bidding (ICB process) level with International for construction, supervision and monitoring. TABLE 5.0 PHASE 2 PROJECT PHASE 2: COMPONENTS Package 2: This consists of Construction supervision of 413 km of roads and bridges in Package 1. X Package 33: Una town EFI\ for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Project project roads for of remaining 387 km of the proposed Part A: Detailed engineering design used in the basis of detailed cost estimates to be upgrading. The designs would be the and assessment of project costs. I economic analysis A. 387 km of roads in Package 3, Part Part B: I Construction supervision of AND IMPROVEMENTS PROPOSED ROAD UPGRADING valley of the road length has drainage and roads are double-laned, only 50% Less than 10% of the State selected roads, different levels of on the present condition of the side safety measures. Depending The improvement works will be required for different road stretches. improvement! upgradation measures will mainly consist of / Raising the formation level improving road geometrics " Upgrading! widths lane from existing intermediate-lane/single-lane v Widening to two-lane/intermediate v Pavement strengthening, and v Improving cross drainage walls and or bio as far as possible by breast walls,retaining V Stabilisation of the hill slope engineering techniques alignments or realignments, or may also require altemative new Road stretches crossing urban areas along existing road. provision for drains, sidewalks and parking LEGAL REQUIREMENTS (GOI) REQUIREMENTS 1.3 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA the local (Panchayath, to get all environmental clearances from of the project, the project need level Prior to the implementation (PCB and Forest) and National (MOEF) Authority, Forest department etc), State Muncipality etc ), regional (Groundwater agencies. Assessment (EIA) in India isthe Environmental Impact with respect to all developmental projects The most important notification Government departments and many times till, 2005. Most important subsequently amended and updated Notification, 1994, are: protection and management in India institutions responsible for environmental • Ministry of Environment & Forests • Central Pollution Control Board Level) * Department of Environment (State • Department of Forests (State Level) * State Pollution Control Board * Local Bodies - Municipalities, Panchayats * Mining & Geology department I timaclhal State Roads Projcct U.1A for 3 Roads starting ftomn C na town The relevant important acts, rules for environmental protection inIndia are provided inTable 6.0. TABLE 6.0: FEW IMPORTANT ACTS & RULES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ININDIA Environmental (protection) Act 1986 To cover all environmental Air (prevention and factors control of pollution) Act 1981 To control air pollution pluat codn by opeciecontrolling emission and air Water (Prevention and pollutants according tnad Control of Pollution) Act; 1974 to prescribed standards To control water pollution Cess Act of 1977 by controlling emission & Water Forest pollutants as per the prescribed (conservation) act 1980 standards The Wildlife Protection (Protection) Act 1972 of forests Ancient Monuments Protection of Wild Life and Archaeological Sites & Remains Act 1958 Conservation of Cultural and Historical remains found The Land in India Acquisition Act 1894, Noise Pollution 1989 Set out rule for (Regulation and Control) rules acquisition of land by Government. 2000 2001 Public Noise pollution regulaton liability Insurance Act 1991 and controls Assessment of . D t hazardous materials and accident hazards Blo- Diversity Act The disclosure of species 1972 survey or collection activities to the National Biodiversity Authority APPLICABLE Gol REGULATIONS YEAR OBJECTIVE 1.4 WORLD BANK REQUIREMENTS The World Bank (WB) requirements are as defined by the safeguard policies of the safeguard policies are provided below. World Bank. The relevant * OP / BP / GP 4.01 Environmental Assessment * OP / BP / GP 4.02 Environmental Action Plans * OP / BP / GP 4.04 Natural Habitats * OP / BP 4.12 Involuntary Settlement * OD 4.20 Indigenous Peoples * BP 17.50 Disclosure of Operational Information The most important reference materials are as follows, * The World Bank, Environment Department, Environment Technical Assessment Sourcebook, Vol. Papers No. 139, 140 and 154), I - IlIl (World Bank Washington DC, 1991; and its updates. * The World Bank, Roads and Environment, A Handbook (World Bank Washington DC, 1997. Technical Paper No. 376), The World Bank, Resettlement Sourcebook, For further details refer to the World Bank web pages: htpp// wwwv. worldbank. org. 1.5 IDENTIFICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL OR GOVERNMENT The various other stake holder STAKEHOLDERS departments also need to be brought developments taking place along with the progress and within the project. The various stake at this stage are: holder Government departments identified * Forest Department * Tourism department * Water resources/irrigation department * Local bodies (Panchayat ,municipal and corporate bodies) * Environmental department * Pollution Control Board (PCB) Una towtn FLA for 3 Roads starting fromn IFlimachal State Roads Projcct Motor vehicle department * Agriculture department & central) * Archaeology department (both State holder departments very specific to to prepare an exhaustive list of stake This list will be further reviewed these departments as the activities need to be made aware to State of Himachal Pradesh. The project be brought in to the stake holder departments need to to various project cycles. These to be project unfolds Their opinions and suggestions are them in the official consultations. confidence by involving to the various components of the possible and will be integrated in weighed and analyzed to the extent project. STAKEHOLDERS 1.6 IDENTIFICATION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL groups based on common may organize themselves into representative The people in the Project affected area to voice their by voluntary Non Governmental Organisations and problems. They are often helped to interests local stakeholders and project proponents also act as the bridge between the opinions. These NGOs may process. Some of the non sharing in the design and implementation increase the transparency and information governmental stake holders may be * Private Sector Small-scale industries * Truck & Other Vehicle Owner Associations units * Trade Unions of the larger industrial of health, education and people's rights • Voluntary NGOs working in the field * Local Traders' Organisations ASSESSMENT ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL districts of the State will have significant of 1675km, laying in ten of the twelve The proposed project road length terrain, number of water environment of the region. The mountainous influence on the natural and social vulnerability flora and fauna enhance the environmental extensive forest areas with valuable Himalayan of the channels, objective environmental assessment area. Consequently, an extensive and of the project influenced levels - link specific issues and environmental issues will be at two proposed project is imperative. The cumulative impact of the total project. CONSIDERATIONS may result 1.7 ENVIRONMENTAL well as the mobility of the people. This increases the connectivity of places as Extensive road network environmental mitigation and haphazard growth; therefore, adequate in environmental degradation through are essential for the proposed project. management measures phase will be to achieve the process during the project preparation The specific objectives of the EA identify any significant following: baseline in the study area, and to * To establish the environmental issues; the environmental to address the adverse impacts by these impacts and provide for measures * To assess and compensation measures; provision of the requisite avoidance, mitigation project planning and design; integrate the environmental issues inthe of the * To for implementing, monitoring and reporting develop appropriate management plans * To measures suggested. environmental mitigation and enhancement 1.8 SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS , 7 I lirnachlal Statc Roads Pro)ect F1\ for 3 Roads starting ftroim lna towk-n A Social Assessment of the project affected people will help in minimising that the losses by selecting the will affect minimum number of people. alignment It will also make the consultants and socially and economically project proponents aware of the vulnerable groups in the project influenced area, so that adequate designed to protect and compensate measures can be them. All other issues that will impact adequate compensatory the project influenced people and measures will be studied and specified Plans in the Social Assessment and Rehabilitation to be prepared for the proposed project. The proposed project will include widening of the existing alignment at various places, realignments alignments (generallly a new and bypass alignment), all of which will mean acquisition occupation of land. Agriculture being the of the people (67%), fertile, agricultural main land in the hill State is very valuable. benefit through better connectivity On one hand, people will and faster travel times, on the other some people will lose their and sources of income. Social considerations land, structures of the project also include indigenous/vulnerable affected, issues of groups to be road safety, health and spread of diseases due to road construction and operations. The social screening process adopted for the project will be based on the following * Assessment of Socio-Economic sequential tasks: Profile of the various project corridors * Examination of alternative alignment options E Estimation of Potential Project Affected Property * Public Consultation * Identification of Key Social Issues ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS The hilly terrain and lack of adequate rail network has lead to the roads most economic becoming the main transport system needs. As indicated above total for length of roads in the State is 26,304Km. 80% of this, only 15% Rural roads constitute constituents is State Highways and District Roads. Improving the connectivity efficiency of the road network would and benefit the economy of the State by transport in cutting down the time and cost of goods terms of Vehicle Operating Costs (VOC). All produce - agriculture, fruit and industrial as well as raw materials of the fruit are moved by roads. The perishable and vegetable produce makes efficient nature roads essential. Today the Industrial contributes to almost 10% sector of the State of the State GDP and employs about maximizing 1,70,000 people. Development of this its gains require adequate and sector and efficient road network. Tourism, a good roads - connectivity major industry in the State, requires and surface conditions. Improving the road network will give this roads are also essential for connecting industry a boost. Good people to educational and health centres life factors in the State. which will enhance the quality of COMMUNITY CONSULTATIONS AND PARTICIPATION Consultation with the public is a process legally stipulated in the EIA Notification which will be of the Government of India, an integral parf of the study. This is * to increase the awareness of the general public, stakeholders, * to the decision-makers and the media; ensure that the views of the public are fully taken into account in evaluating alternative impact on the environment; proposals and inassessing their Una town EIA for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Project gains interested parties, so that the project discussion with the widest variety of * to facilitate an interactive and continuous local acceptance and a sense of belonging * for informed political decision-making. and unfounded fears. Any project helps in allaying rumours affected by a proposed so Informing those directly the public participation process, or culture can be identified through justifiable threat to the local environment measures can be designed. that alternative proposals and mitigative by the participation will be encouraged out and active, organized public Continuous consultation will be carried project. The various stages will be consultants through all stages of the * Screening stage • Feasibility stage * Preliminary design stage * Detailed design and report stage * Various safety audits * During construction * During commissioning * Operational or maintenance. TABLE 6.0 METHODS OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION Focus Area of consultation SN Type Indigenous in planning, administration, revenue, Views of official involved & environmental impact assessment Population, Forest land acquisition, 1 Individual consultation clearances the required environmental & forestry which are dependent on the mainly the road side establishments 2 F s Targeting for livelihood 2 Focus group discussionrodfrlvlhdroad widening affected by the new alignments, Held in towns and villages to be 3 e O council or village groups. etc. with the panchayats, municipal 3 Organised public meetigs CONCLUSION the proposed addressed through the surveys of socio-economic concerns will be Specific local environmental and structures of local livelihood, historic and religious their sources and patterns of project affected people, assets etc. will be carried out. such as water, community natural local environmental issues impacts and importance, impacts, alternatives to minimise those followed by analysis of the probable Extensive surveys will be Measures to enhance the where the impacts will be unavoidable. of appropriate mitigation measures design The Environmental and Social Assessments, landscape etc. will also be designed. positive impacts, visual Management Plans will be Rehabilitation Plans, and Environmental and Enhancement Measures, for awareness of Mitigation Reports. Training Programmes the Screening, Feasibility and Design prepared as part of Implementation Units, Operations plans will be conducted for the Project environmental issues and management local people and responsible organisations. & Maintenance staff as well as the 1(0 I limachal Statc Roads Project FL Afor 3 Roads starting from tLna tovi CONTACT ADRESSES 1) Project Coordinating Consultants Further queries for information or for registering concerns you are requested personnel depending to contact one or all of the following up on the gravity of the issues. consultant's Team leader, Louis Berger Group Inc. Himachal Pradesh State Roads Project At the office of the Louis Berger Group Inc (consultants) at New Shimia. B1, lane 1, Sector 01 77-2670941, Fax -01 77-2670941. 1, New Shimia -171 009-Phone 2) HP Public Works Department, Government of Himachal Pradesh You can also register your suggestions, complaints and issues regarding the project with The Project Director (World Bank Projects) Himachal Pradesh Roads Infrastructure Development Corporation (HPRIDC) US Club, Shimia-171001, Himachal Pardesh. Phone-0177-2808118 Fax-0177--2626096-Mobile--09418026096 Email-: hp-shi-wbgomgsy.nic.in Una town F1 A for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Projcct JAMMU AND KASHMIR LAHUL AND SPITI 2 -^luU4;oCHAMBA KANGRA ND I sQ, W.LbMA '~r~:'KULLU 'M-A sscu 6 6 HAM59SH UNATO HIRPURKINNAUR B~iLASPUR SOLAN PUNJAB UTTARANCHAL HARYANA UTTAR PROPOSED PROJECT ROADS FIGURE 1: LOCATION OF THE - - ~- ~- - ~- - U~ Uc = Una town F.IA for 3 Roads starting from Himachal State Roads Project Minutes of Meetings with Forest Officials Draft HQ Wildlife Warden at Shimia Forest Minutes of meeting with the Chief Date: August 09, 2006 of the DFO at Theog, 11.00 am Venue& Time of meeting: Office Project team: Specialist 1. Mr. Sundara Rajan C.V.-Environmental surveyor 2. Mr. Sanjeev Kumar- Environmental (HPRIDC). 3. Mr. Netra Prakash - J. E. PWD POINTS OF THE MEETING: theog rohru road and sainj to area is from theog to kotkhai in 1. Under his jurisdiction the forest chambi in Sainj Chopal road. (DFO) was at monkey traffic conflict. When he of Leopard human conflict and 2. There are cases were Spring Wateritched on it his campus but as soon as lights Dharamsala leopard jumped into got out. kakkar, sambhar, monkeys, kangra are wildlife rich areas. Neelgay, 3. According to him una and wild cock are in majority there. retain leopard and jungles. As 1) strata changes to of the road construction through 4. There are certain impacts jungles are demolished. 4) are affected. 3) If there is no stability the moisture. 2) Flora and fauna is loose soil. is harmful for trees where there Blasting new forest. great loss. It takes 100 years to grow 5. Forest if lost is a of deodar of 10 by 10 by 5 size of very high value here. 10 sleepers 6. According to him deodar is cost about 35000. here. koyal and baagh are very common 7. Deodar, cock are found in high troops. langur, ghoral, wild boar and wild 8. Leopard, monkeys, water and to feed. kotkhai and khara patthar to drink crosses the road in between very less here 9. Wildlife According to him survival rate is be planted along the roadsides. 10. New trees should roadsides. Cheel, deodar and construction is thrown along the because waste material of road be planted along the roadside. ornamental plants like robinia should is scarcity of the water. 11. For construction purpose there The meeting closed at 12.00 pm I lrmnchial State Roads Ilroject 1P1A for 3 Roads starting from ULna towvn Draft Minutes of meeting with the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) at Una Date: March 06, 2006 Venue: Office of the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) at Una, 11.30 Project team: am 1. Mr. Sundara Rajan C.V.-Environmental Specialist 2. Mr. Rejenish Monji- Environmental Engineer 3. Mr. Sanjeev Kumar- Environmental surveyor PWD representative 1. Mr. Datta -Executive Engineer PWD (attached to LBG group) The project team has visited the Divisional Forest Officer (DFO) town. This meeting has Mr. Ashok Kumar Somal at his office been arranged to understand the status in the Una Mehatpur- Una -Amb of the avenue plantation along both (44 km) road and also the Una- Barwasar-Jhahu-Nerchouk sides of the considered for the widening road ( -126.70 and improvement under the State km ) roads Forest along these Road Improvements Project (SRIP). two roads were discussed during the The status of the PWD Executive meeting. The meeting started with an Engineer Mr. Datta regarding the scope introduction by the The environmental of the project in relation to the Amb-Una-Nerchouk aspect of the work and the details required road. explained by from the DFO in regards to the the Environmental specialist of the team. projects roads were 1. The DFO has stated that although he himself is personally against trees, we need infrastructure cutting of the large number of development to take place. This 2. If cutting of trees is very important. are unavoidable it is necessary that project we retain at least one side of trees road. Technically speaking the trees along the provides along the eastern side need to be most of the shade for the road. retained as it 3. Mr. Ashok Kumar Somal stated that shade trees the effect must be planted along the road sides of the enormous heat during the to reduce 4. summer period. Mr. Somal to a question by the Environmental specialist on the existing main Amb section, informed that 40 species along Una - % of the trees are Eucalyptus. The Shisham 20 %, Poplar percentage of other trees are 10 %, Arjun 10 %, Pipal trees < than are miscellaneous. 1 %, Mango trees 10% and the rest 5. With regards to the economic importance; Eucalyptus which is the majority and removed without any issue. of the trees can be cut This is a fast growing plant and Shisham although good hence no problem to replant. timber wood, the percentage of Shisham very less. The Arjun trees along the road sides is a medicinal plant. Mango trees is hence important. are good shade trees and fruit bearing Poplar is not good timber tree and 6. According but can be used for furnishing etc. to DFO, there should be mixed plantation. for Mr. Somal has proposed a plantation every 100m plant Pipal trees, then scheme every 500 m plant Arjuna trees. Mango planted as it is fruit yielding as the trees also must be nature require fruits also. This proposed good combination for a scheme could be a road near Kinnaur where an NGO combinations of has put efforts to plant these trees. This has a good religious reason 7. Mr. Somal and significance also. stated that he is a resource person (Scientific for an NGO named SPRING Working and Research Group). WATERARG 8. With regards to the procedure for cutting of trees, DFO stated the status of the land/Forest. that first it is necessary to identify In this case it is Protected Forest (PF) Forest Clearance (FC). therefore it is necessary to get If the area is less than 10 Hectares clearance can be obtained from Una town F1A for 3 Roads starting from Tlimachal State Roads Project Clearance (FC) from MOEF if it is more that area, then Forest Regional office at Chandigarh and would be required. stated that there is between Una to Amb, Mr. Somal categorically 9. Apart from the road side trees, land exists along the road road and informed that only private no forest land along the sides of the (RF). Beyond Amb there is Reserved Forest by Forest sides. road on the introduction of Cheeta with regards to Una - Nerchouk 10. To a question these are just rumours. The DFO stated some local people, DFO stated that department as told by number of leopards, Jungle cat, along the roads include increasing that Wildlife species present flying cat etc. boar, Jacquill, fox, squirrel, monkeys, deer, Sambhar, stag, blue bull, Wild forest. This requires the forests are demarcated as protected 11. Along the Una-Nerchouk section; recorded as forest Court judgment. If any land has been clearance as this relates to a Supreme clearance is required from Government. land, anywhere in records, then road. One at Bangana are two Range offices along Una Nerchouk 12. Mr. Somal informed that there kailaa. and the second one at Dhana road is onlylO - 20 of Forest land along Una - Nerchouk 13. DFO also stated that percentage project road passes through forest Specialist has concluded that the Conclusion: Environmental be required if forest land is floral diversity. Forest clearance would areas that are rich in faunal and than 10 hectares MOEF road. If the land requirement is more required for widening of the project clearance would be required. The meeting closed at 12.45 pm. I limaclhal State Roads Project ]1\ for 3 Roads startioig from IUta tovon Appendix 7.1 UnasNerchowk Uphill Slope rotection/treatments along the proposed carriageway I11,I EA for 3 Roads starting from Una town I-limachal State Roads Project carriageway protection/treatments along the proposed Appendix 7.1: Una Nerchowk- Uphill Slope Length Sl Type Proltection Method Remarksl o mpSmrom SP at 1530 Sandstone, soft stepped cuts + 1-2m la 7.27 8.80 9.90 1100 None 8.80 None, ste ed cuts 10.90 1000 Sandstone, soft 9.90 SP to 2-2.5m 160 Soft sandstone, blocky 10.90 11.06 l 14.17 3110 None 11.06 SP to 2-2.5m 70 Sandstone, soft 14.1 14.24 None 14.2 15.35 1110 15.37 20 Sandstone, soft SPtol-2m | 15.35 1-1Sm cuts n f1070lat, gentle slope None4 Sandstone GW, 2-2.5m hi h colluvium slope 16 16.5 120 1-1.Sm cuts in lat, gentle slope None Sandstone 16.9 SP to 2-2.5m 70 Soft sandstone, blocky 16.9 17.04 17.30 260 None Viaduct 17.04 Noenep No7.8 if rock cut is stepped - f1540fat, gentle slope, low rock cuts None 60degree 17.38 18.92 shale cut slopes SF, Partial 580 Sandstone &weathered 2-3mMCUt hEigts 18.19.5 road 11Sadstone cuts St, Partial dipin towards 19.50 20.7 21 GW, 2-2.5m high Slide 20.71 20.80 90 colluvium slope None Stable, cut | 20.80121.0 260 None GW,2-2.5mhigh Slide 21.06 21.1 100 colluvium slope None Stablecut 21.16 21.48 320 None high Potential Slide zone colluvium slope GW, 2-3m 21.6 130 cut slopes generally rock cuts SP, 2-3m high at places (200 3390 Flat, gentle areas and some h of the stretch i 300 |weathered sandstone cut slope 40.00| 40.30 sandstone not stron 42.00 1700 Sandstone + shale cut slope SF 40.30 GW 42.60 600 colluvium covered slope 42.00 weathered) 660 Sandstone + shale (completely 42.60 43.2 cut sloipe High cut Sandstone, steep cut None 4. 43.69 430 sandstone cut slope SP, ht 43.6 44.3 610 weathered Houses sandstone cut slope SP, SM 44.30 40 weathered m SP, artial 3-4 an Shale (complete weathered) cut slope weathered 44.34 45.8 is48a4|Ndtone ct sFpartally0 weake 45.0 45.84 slope SP,Ih 7641485!10sandstone cut Flat area, houses None on upi 48.45 2 None 2-3m, roads 48 10sandstone cut slope SFsf e 4.548.58 None Fat area,hue 0.08 iso None 485 sandstone cut slope 70 SM A bOOENNone t 50.1| 3010 None, partial SM of 1-1 .m at Flat area houses, soe locations irnaaro im 501 31 1-2m, existing concrete colluvium covered slope retaining wall, may be as it is 531535lNone left Fat area, houses 54.0None S mcut Conglomerate slope, weak 54O S4.27 2 I limachal Srtat Roads 1ro)cct Ml.\ for 3 Roads starting frnm LTna town Length Slope Type From To m 54.27 Slope Prtection Mthod 54.57 300 None Remarks 54.57 None Flat 54.92 350 area, houses weak Coglomerate and sand bands 54.92 SP 55.20 280 None 55.20 None Flat 55.52 320 Conglomerate area, houses slope, weak SP 1080 Flat 4-8m cut 55.52 to gentle 56.60 None, partial SM of 1-1 .5m at 56.60 some locations 57.12 520 Conglomerate slope SP, 57.12 Partial 2-8m cuts 57.47 350 Flat to gentle, ridge/saddle 57.47 None 57.60 130 Conglomerate slope SP, 57.60 Partial 2-4m cuts 57.85 250 Flat to gentle 57.85 None 58.25 400 Conglomerate slope SP, 58.25 Partial 2-4m cuts 58.65 400 Flat to gentle None 2280 weak Coglomerate and sand bands mostly I to 4m, 58.65 60.93 occasionally >6m at 60.93 SP, Partial small 61.20 270 Flat to gentle stretches 61.20 None 61.44 240 Conglomerate slope SP, 61.44 Partial High cuts 61.56 120 Flat to gentle 61.56 None 62.10 540 Conglomerate slope 62.10 SP, Partial 62.33 230 Flat to gentle 62.33 None 62.56 230 weak Sandstone & shale slope SP, Partial 62.56 62.63 70 Slide on sandstone slope 62.63 GW 62.72 90 None 62.72 None Viaduct 62.00 -720 Sandstone slope 62.00 SP, Partial 63.15 1150 Flat to gentle 63.15 None 64.24 1090 Sandstone slope 64.24 SP, Partial 64.60 360 Flat to gentle 64.60 None 64.65 50 Sandstone slope 64.65 None 66.16 1510 Flat to gentle None 480 Conglomerate 69.15 slope 69.63 Box cut at places. 2- 69.63 SP, Partial 4m 71.53 1900 Flat to gentle high cuts 71.53 None 72.58 1050 Colluvrum slope 72.58 GW 72.70 120 Colluvium slope 72.70 SM Houses 72.90 200 None 72.90 None Flat 73.36{ 460 Conglomerate slope 73.36 GW 73.431 70 Colluvium slope 73.43 GW 73.921 490 Conglomerate slope with Sandstone Bands SP 73.92 Light revetment 74.20| 280 None None 74.20 Houses and shops 74.60 400 Colluvium slope 74.60 GW 74.80 200 None None 100 Colluvium Flat 74.80 slope 74.90 Alternatively on both . GW 700 sides 74.90 None 75.60 Houses None and shops, 75.60 Flat area 75.82 220 Colluvium slope GW 1010 None both sides 75.82 76.83 Houses and shops, 76.83 None Flat area 76.97 140 Colluvium slope 76.97 GW l 77.60 630 None 77.60 None Mostl 77.731 130 Colluvium slope flat area GW l '''. . I 1] [na town ET.A for 3 Roads starting from Ilimachal State Roads Project Longl Slops Type Slp. Procalon Method Remark. To m area From None Mostly flat 77.80 70 None 77.73 GW 78.10 300 Colluvium slope 77.80 SM House 78.13 30 Colluvium slope 78.10 GW 78.40 270 Colluvium slope area 78.13 Partial 20% low GW Mostly flat Partial 20% colluvium slope and flat area 78.40 80.30 1900 cut slope SP 80.94 640 Conglomerate flat area 80.30 Partial 30% low SPW Mostly Partial 30% colluvium slope and flat area 80.94 81.56 620 bands SP 81.88 320 Conglomerate with Sandstone 81.56 None Flat 82.10 220 None 81.88 GW 82.34 240 Colluvium slope area 82.10 None Mostly flat 82.68 340 None 82.34 GW Colluvium slope 82.68 82.87 190 House slope SM 83.03 160 Colluvium area 82.87 None Mostly flat 83.30 270 None 83.03 GW 83.48 180 Colluvium slope 83.30 SM House 83.51 30 Colluvium slope 83.48 GW 80 Colluvium slope flat area, 83.51 83.59 None Mostly 170 None houses 83.76 83.59 SM House 83.79 30 Colluvium slope 83.76 GW 580 Colluvium slope flat area, 83.79 84.37 None Mostly 140 None houses 84.51 84.37 GW 84.66 150 Colluvium slope 84.51 None Flat 84.93 270 None 84.66 GW 85.20 270 Colluvium slope 84.93 None Flat 85.50 300 None 85.20 GW 85.73 230 Colluvium slope 85.50 None Flat 85.86 130 None 85.73 SP Low cuts 86.90 1040 Conglomerate cut slope 85.86 None Flat 86.96 60 None cuts 86.90 SP Low 87.33 370 Conglomerate cut slope 86.96 None Flat 88.42 1090 None 87.33 SP Low cuts 430 Conglomerate cut slope flat area, 88.42 88.85 None Mostly 150 None houses, continues 88.85 89.00 3-4m field on the top GW 94.57 1070 Colluvium slope, terraced 93.50 SM 1-4m 94.61 40 bifurcation 94.57 none Viaduct and approach 94.61 94,75 140 3-8m road side GW 95.70 950 soil slope, steep cut at 94.75 none Flat area 95.70 95.96 250 road side GW 97.29 1340 soil slope, steep cut at 95.95 layers SP 97.67 375 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale 97.29 SM Houses 97.70 35 colluvium slope 97.67 layers SP 97.74 40 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale 97.70 GW 97.83 90 Colluvium slope 97.74 layers SP 98.28 450 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale 97.83 GW 98.38 100 Rock slide 98.28 SP Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale layers 98.38 98.46 80 finacdal I State Roads Project lPI\ for 3 Roads T stiartilg from Lna t -Lengt Slope Type From To 98.46 m 98.70 240 Rock slide S Protctin Metod .7 Remarks .7 1000 Steep rock 99.7 cut Sandstone/shale layers 99.7 40 None SP 99.74 99.81 70 soil slope, slide areaaduct 99.8 1030 SteepSandstone/shale rock cut 10032 layers 10.46 4 soil slope, step cut at road side 1 .4 v 10 teep rock yers 112100.52 1. 1 1 5.2 50 C 0 Coluvium slope, 12.7028 0 Steep sld sW rock cutS andstone/shalelayers .7C 1Oluvium 11.76123 slope, sles 50 Steep rock cut Now 10.32 cuts 0 8 C0olluviumslope, ol slide 10.4C-12735 l wNoneighct Steep rock cut I 027 102.85 C0oiluvium slope - .8g 102.91 P,RN 60Steep rock cut dih cuts 10 1103.1 t0 Colluvium slope 1031 GW 103.6 2 0 SteeprccuSadtn/hllyes 10.2103.9 ^ 29 olvu lp L 103 P, RN- 911 140 9O tep rock cut Sandstone/shale 104.104041 layers N on 150 ep okctLi Sandstone/shale layer 1l04.151 Non 104.2E 13 olvu lpe, slides LI04.28C ]r 104.4; 7 SepokuSnsoesaeaes __1 04 45 10.6' Jo 20 olvu lpe, slides 104.6 l WNone 10.1 - 151 0 |Steep rock cut Sandstonebands RN 106.1C8 Non 10. olluvium slope 16.24167 WNnI 460 1 teep rock cut Sa dstone/Shale 10.7C layers wPR 106.731 30 ,oluvium slope, slie 167 - , R 0. 760 Dteep rock cut 10_1070491 Sandstone/shale layers soev SP,,llvuRN 17.54 l avourabledi 108.0' rt okctSnstone/shale -0.0c n6 layer 108.2 RN 14 olvu lp.sie - 0.24 P N~vourable 109.11 dip 88 tep rock cut Sansoehaelyr- l9 1 109.22 110None 1922 S, RN-- 109.5C 30 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale 10.5E layers loe-at 109.6E are 8 Colluvium slope 10. , R 109.8 20 teep rock cut Sanstnesale layers 10.C109.8C P--R 2 Solluvium slope, sldsW 198C 105 68 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale layers 10.5C 1.' 10 SlulmsoeD 10.6 11.7 4 Sterokctanstone/shale layers W 0 \oer none at a1. 1 l .98 1110 40 ,luimsoep 11011.6 40 Rock cut Sanstne/sale layers, fractured w 11.46 11.73 270 Colluvium slope GW 111.7 112. 370 Rock cut Sandstone/shale layers, coluvium 2 112.C 112.5 50 112.1: olluvium slopeSP 112.23 80 S~~teeprock cut G Sandstn/hl aes S tUna toWII FmI for 3 Roads starting from I-limachal State Roads Project Length Slope Type Slop Prowcdon Method Remarks m From To slope GW 112.31 80 Colluvium 1.5-4m 112.23 layers SP 460 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale 112.31 112.77 field on the top GW 112.97 200 Colluvium slope, terraced 112.77 layers SP 170 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale 112.97 113.14 slope GW 113.20 60 Colluvium light wall 113.14 layers SP 113.35 150 Steep rock cut Sandstone/shale 113.20 GW 113.40 50 Colluvium slope ridge 113.35 none Saddle, 113.49 90 None 113.40 none Flat area 113.54 50 None than 5m 113.49 SP not higher 113.74 200 Rock cut 113.54 GW 110 Colluvium slope toward the 113.74 113.85 SP, Spot Dowel @3m c/c two dip - 20 Rock cut Sandstone/shale layers 590 rows, None, road 114.44 113.85 none Viaduct 50 None toward the 114.44 114.49 SP, Spot Dowel @3m c/c two dip 20-30 cut Sandstone/shale layers 170 Rock rows, road 114.66 114.49 none viaducts 114.82 160 None 114.66 none Good rock 114.96 140 Rock cut Sandstone Bands 114.82 GW Colluvium slope 114.96 115.02 60 layers SP 115.37 350 Rock cut Sandstone/shale slope 115.02 GW Gentle 115.58 210 Colluvium slope 115.37 SP Rock cut Sandstone/shale layers 115.58 116.22 640 at bottom GW 116.24 20 Colluvium slope, rock 116.22 SP 40 Rock cut Sandstonelshale layers 116.24 116.28 at bottom SP, GW 116.60 320 Colluvium slope, rock 116.28 SP 380 Rock cut Sandstone/shale layers 116.60 116.98 slope GW 117.05 70 Colluvium Good rock 116.98 layers SP 117.33 280 Rock cut Sandstone/shale 117.05 GW 40 Colluvium slope 117.33 117.37 Good rock Sandstone/shale layers SP 117.47 100 Rock cut slope 117.37 GW Gentle 117.80 330 Colluvium slope 117.47 none Flat area 117.88 80 None slope 117.80 GW Gentle 620 Colluvium slope 117.88 118.50 layers SP 118.52 20 Rock cut Sandstone/shale cut 118.50 GW 1.2-3m 180 Colluvium slope 118.52 118.70 Low cuts 80 Rock cut Sandstone/shale layers 118.70 118.78 1.0- 1.5 mcut flat areas GW 119.45 670 Colluvium slope, and 118.78 none Flat area 119.54 90 None cut 119.45 GW 1.2- 4m 360 Colluvium slope 119.54 119.90 Low cuts, 1.8m layers SP 119.95 50 Rock cut Sandstone/shale 119.90 none Flat area 120.32 370 None cut 119.95 GW 1.0- 1.5m 420 Colluvium slope 120.32 120.74 project alignment 120.74 End of the 65-70 Slope Protection Type No. Type length Slope Trimming and Turfing l 565 940 SM-1 II 65-70 Stone Masonry Revetment Wall/pitching Il&l 740 Gabion III 325 Gabion-Wiremesh Unit system III&I 1140 I limachal State Roads Project El\ for 3 Roads starting from Uina town Length Slope From Type To m slope Proteon Method Remarks Ill &11 Stone Masonry Revetment Wall/pitching 3415 Dowelling & Ill & il &I 65-70 40 Rockbolting (Special Protection) IV(a) 350 Wire mesh protection (Rock IVIa)&l net) 75-80 320 Wiremesh fence Not IVIb) designed to take loads of large boulder 1110 rolling. VIl 1450 VII& I 805 VIl &II 620 VIl & Vil 620 . 12440 1 . l-1..1,,.,I - Una town LAA\ for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Pro)cct OF IMPACTED TREES ALONG WISE & GIRTH WISE CLASSIFICATION APPENDIX 7.2 (A) SPECIES PROJECT ROAD MEHATPUR-UNA Required Parameters Specbs name SINo. Chalnage Locatbon , l-. LHS = r4 fi . Total i1 12 1 Dead tree 1 1 5-6 Mehatpur Eucalyptus 1 2 6-7 1 1 Kikar 3 7-8 Lower Dehlan 2 Kikkar 2 1 2 3 Mango 4 8-9 Lower Dehlan 2 Pipal 1 1 5 13 22 Shisham 4 Dead shisham 1 5 9-10 Upper Dehlan Eucalyptus 1 1 2 1 1 2 Kikkar 6 2 1 3 Mango 1 1 Pipal 4 Shisham 4 1 Dead tree 6 10-11 Behdala 1 Jamun 1 Japanese Toot 1 1 6 8 Kikkar 4 3 Mango 1 1 1 Pipal 2 6 13 Shisham 1 4 1 Toot 1 1 Tuny Dead shisham 2 11-12 Behdala 7 12 1 Eucalyptus Jacaranda 1 ______2______I limaclial State Roads Project lA\ for 3 Roads starting fromrn Una towin Required Paramuters Kikar I 1 I Shisham 20 3 1 2 1 8 12-13 Jalgram Behda 1 24 1 Fedu 1 1 Jamun 1 Japanese toot 1 Kikkar 1 1 1 1 1 Mango 5 2 1 3 Shisham 12 1 9 13-14 Rakkar behda 2 2 13 Dead shisham 1 4 1 Japanese toot 1 2 1 kikkar 3 2 Shisham 1 5 3 2 6 1 toot 1 is 1 10 14-15 Rakkar behda 1 2 1 Dead shisham 1 2 Dead tree 1 flai 1 jamun 1 1 2 kikkar 2 1 3 mango 1 3 6 4 Shisham 3 1 11 3 15-16 Rakkar colony Behda 1 1 2 behdala I Dead shisham 2 kikkar 1 1 2 2 mango 12 1 1 14 pipal 1 1 Shisham 2 5 1 tuny 12 16-17 1 1 2 Behada 7 10 _ Dead shisham ______17 ___ 1 1 1 [1 _ ! 1I I I I 1 4 from ULna town PI.1\ for 3 Roadis starting I limachal State Roads Project R-qulred Pararmmers Eucalyptus 1 Kiker 1 2 1 I Mango 1 1 Pipal 1 3 Sarin 2 1l Shisham 1 9 Silver oak 1 1 toot Tuny 1 280 28 49 27 46 107 20 3 Total I limachal State Roads Project ElA tor 3 Roads starting from Una town Appendix 7.2b: Species wise & Girth wise classification of impacted Tree Species along the Project Road Una-Am Si No. Chinage Required Paametnr Locatlon Species Name GIRTH SZE ino LHS ______RHS RtSal 1 18-19 0.5-17 12 Una 23 >3 0.5-1 1 1-2 2-3 >3 Bes 1 Dead Tree 1 Eucalyptus 1 1 8 1 Jamun . 5 2 14 28 Ornamental palm 1 2 Pipal 1 Shisham 1 1 1 Thuth 1 1 3 Thuth 1 1 __ Tuny__ 2 19-20 1 1 Behada 1 2 Cherai 1 1 1 Dead tree 1 Eucalyptus 1 1 9 1 Jamun 2 8 20 Japanese thuth I 1 4 1 Kakkar 6 1 Kikkar 1 1 1 Lankhan 1 Mango . 1 1 3 1 1 Pear 1 3 1 10 Shisham 1 1I 3 20-21 4 3 1I Cherai 2 4 1 4 18 Dead Shisham 1 Eucalyptus 1 1 5 2 khaer 3 1 4 13 Kikar 1 2 1 .Mango 1 1 3 Shisham 4 21-22 3 2 2 Charat `1 2 - - - 6 Dead Poplar 2 Dead Shisham 1 1 1 Dead tree 2 1 2 Eucalyptus 4 1 . 2 Japanese thuth 3 4 Kikkar 2 1 2 Kikkar ______1 __ _ ango 1 1 Mipal . 1 5 1 (with 1 7 :oplar 1 152 _Shisham 3 1 1 Tun 7 5 22-23 . 11 Raisry Dead Shisham 4 1I 1 Flg1 1 5 Gullar _ ,, 1 1 1 Jamun 2 4 _Kikkar 1 1I 2 ,____ Mango 2 1 .2 2 Pipal ___ 3 ____ Poplar ______Shisham 2 1 1 18 1 Shimbal 1 9 1 30 Thuth 1 2 3 STuny 4 P_ 23-24 4 Basal |Arun 1 I |Dead 1 2 1 tree 1 1 1 | 4 |Eucalyptus 1 1 6 1 iJamun | 1 1 _ 3 10 2 20 12 _ _7 from Uina town lIFA for 3 Roads starting I limachal State Roads Project RoqiiWd PavLm rs GIRTH SIZE in) SpoecI NaNM _ __RHS Loction ___LHS >3 Si No. Chtlnep 3 0.5-1 1-2 2-3 o0.51 12 Japanese Thuth 1 1 2 2 . Kikkar 1 Mango 11 2 11 2 Poplar 3 3 7 7 1 Shisham 3 4 Shirmbal 1 Sree I 1 Thuth I1 2 Eucalyptus 1 3 1 7 24-25 Besal Jamun 1 I1I Kikar 2 2 3 7 2 2 Poplar 12 7 1 4 Shisham 4 3 1 - Shimbal Thuth 1 1 1 Basal- Dead Shisham 2 8 25-26 Lower Dead tree 1 2 Eucalyptus 4 1 . Harkinnu 1 2 Jamun 3 2 Kakkar 1 2 1 Kikkar 1 1 2 Lasuri 1 2 4 7 3 1 Mango 1 Neem 1 1 _ Pipal 1 7 2 Poplar 2 4 Shisham 2 Thuth 1 - 3 Arjun 1 1 9 26-27 Theodi Behada 1 2 Ber 1 Dead tree 2 1 1 Eucalyptus 1 2 1 1 1 Jamun 1 Jamun 5 kikkar 2 ______1 Mango 1 1 Pipal 5 1 Poplar 5 7 Sarin 1I 7 10 3 Shishamn _ __ _ _ 1I_ 2 - _ _ _Sree __ thuth 1 1 1 Arun 27-28 Theodi 1 10 Dead tree 1 5 13 10 Eucalyptus 4 2 jamun 1 2 kikkar 3 3 1 kinnu 2 ______mang~o I 1 Neem 1 1 3 4 1 Poplar 1 7 1 9 6 13 4 _ Sarin 2 14 9 4 1 Shisham 4 12 I___ | Sree 1I - -| | thuth 1 - - _ Dead tree 2 _ 1 3 11 128-29 2 4 5 3 Eucalyptus I - Jamun 1 1 3- I limaclial State Roads Projcct El\ for 3 Roadis starting from LUna towti SI No. Chulmge Required Psamebre Locotn Species Nam LH6 GIRTH SE (in) ToW 0.5-1 1-2 Japanese 2-3 >3 0.5-1 thuth 1-2 2-3 >3 kikkar 1 5 1 mango 1 4 10 Peech 1 1 1 Poplar 1 1 1 Sarin 6 2 1 4 12 Shisham 5 5 3 Sree 1 2 4 8 11 Thuth 4 1 3 17 tuny 2 1 12 29-31 1 12 Panoh Dead Shisham 1 Dead tree 1 1 Eucalyptus 1 2 3 2 1 Kiker 1 5 2 15 Poplar 2 5 7 1 Shisham 11 10 13 30-32 2 5 3 6 41 Ghandwal amun 4 1 1 2 17 Dead Shisham 3 1 Dead tree 1 1 . 4 Eucalyptus 2 2 - 1 . Shisham 1 5 8 4 9 thuth 4 1 6 2 25 Tuny 2 14 31-32 3 Dhusalda Khod Eucalyptus 1 2 4 15 1 Jamun 3 4 1 6 34 Kiker 2 1 Kinu 1 1 3 Mango 1 1 2 1 Poplar 1 5 Sarin 1 1 1 2 Shisham 2 1 Shimbal - 1 3 Silver oak 1 1 1 Tun 15 32-33 1 Bera Dead Shisham 4 2 4 Dead tree 1 1 1 3 Eucalyptus 1 1 2 3 Jamun 3 6 3 8 20 Mango 4 1 1 7 Shisham 1 1 1 4 Shimbal 1 1 1 3 Sree 16 33-34 I 1 Behara Bhad I - 1 Dead tree 1 1 2 EucalVptus 1 1 1 Jamun 1 1 2 Khair 1 1 ___ __Mango 2 1 Shisham 1 1 2 __ thuth 2 17 34-35 2 Diara Eucalyptus 1 |_ |-__ 2 6 13 1 Jamun 1 4 9 _ 35 _ _ Japanese thuth 12 2 I _ I___ 2 Kiker 2 4 Mango | 1 I - 1 Shisham 2 2 1 Sree | 2 3 3 7 thuth 2 I 1 18 35-36 Baruhi 1 2 Dead tree - | __|___Eucalyptus 1 1 . 3 __ 1 5 38 1 _ Kiker _ 2 8 32 2 _ 86 2 Louis Bera>.r ( T'''" 1r starting from Una town - - FIAfor 3 Roads Ilimachal State Roads Project ""mu ___ N.RH Oftko- w malw. uso, u 1- = =. 2i3, h 4t _ 0.5-1 1-2 o0-1 1 1 Mango 9 39 3 58 Eucalyptus 2 19 36-37 Baruhi Kiker 1 . 1- -Poplar Shisham 1 2 Dead tree 2 16 42 20 37-38 Chururu 5 43 Eucalyptus 1 2 Shisham 2 1 1 Date palm 38-39 21 Dead Shisham I Drek 1 1 6 40 23 Eucalyptus 5 6 1 1 Jamun 1 1 Japanese thuth Kinu 1 1 2 Lasoori 1 1 4 2 4 Mango 1 Pardesi 4 2 ____Poplar Sarin 1 1 Shisham 2 1 thuth 1 Arjun 22 39-40 Takarala Behada 1 - - Bula 1 - Date palm 2- -___ Dead tree I 1 12 6 10 14 Eucalyptus 7 4 Jamun 1 Japanese thuth Kiker 1 Kinu 3 4 Mango 1 -Pipal2 3 14 4 3 Poplar 4 1 1 1 Shisham 1 1 1 1 Shimbal 2 Sree 1 ______Sree 1 thuth 2 Behada 1 40-41 Nandpur 23 Chera Date palm 4 2 I 1 Dead poplar Dead tree 2 1 10 11 7 1 7 2 Eucalyptus 1 Gullar 1 1 2 - Jamun 4 1 - Kiker 1 Lasoodi 1 3 1 1 Mango 1 1 Papuda 44 40 Poplar 47 20 1 Shisham 2 2 Sree 1 1 Bahuda 24 41-42 Nandpur Dead poplar 2 Dead Shisham 1 4 21 13 12 Euayts 2 18 2 Kiker 1 4 _ _- Kinnu 2 _ 3' fimachal State Roads Pro;cct ETrA for 3 Roads starting from LIia towfn Si No. Chalnae Requied Pamwer Locaton Speies Nanme GIRTH SIZE (in) - LHS ______- otal 0.5-1 1-2 2-3 RHS Lasuda >3 0.5-1 1-2 2-3 >3 ____Mango 1 1 Poplar 12 25 2 1 1 Shisham 15 37 5 25 42-43 1 1 96 Alas 2 2 4 Arlun 1 2 Eucalyptus 8 39 18 1 Jamun 1 12 31 1 6 115 Khair 1 Kiker 2 12 3 1 2 Mango 1 1 3 1 1 1 19 Pipai 1 5 Poplar 1 Shisham 2 1 1 3 Sree 26 43-44 ______1 Kathiyarhi Se __2 2 Date palm 2n I 1 1 Dead kikkar 1 1I Eucalyptus 16 19 21 1 Jamun 2 7 41 2 33 139 2 JaPanese thuth 2 2 2 8 Kiker 1 4 3 2 Mango _ _ 1 1 6 9 Pardesi 1 1 3 3 13 Pipal 1 Poplar 1 1 3 2 2 6 Shisham - 2 1 6 3 5 Slambda 2 1 .11 Sree 1 1 3 thuth 27 44-45 1 1 Khatora Kalan Arun - 1 1 Dead eucalyptus 9 1 Dead tree 9 Eucalyptus 1 5 17 51 1 Jamun 5 26 54 1 159 Kiker . 1 2 2 2 3 Pipal 2 6 4 Poplar 1 - 9 Shisham 1 I1 Shimbal 1 1 1 1 3 thuth 2 1 2 Tuni 1 2 1 1 3 Tuny 1 28 45-46 5 Pacca Paroh Drek 1 1 1 Eucalyptus 10 24 25 1 GullIar 2 2 11 7 79 Japanese thuth 5 2 . Kiker 1 - 2 6 Kinnu 1 1 - _ 3 __ Mango 1 1 - .1 Poplar 1(platform) 1 1 Shisham 5 2 3 4 12 Shimbal 2 1 5 Slambada 2 1 3 thuth 1 Tuny I 29 46-47 2 1 1 1 Khotera Khurd Drek 1 3 5 E..ucalyptus - 2 10 7 . 3 SShisham 2 3 1 l12 36 Eucalyptus 1 1 3 87 [ 31 9 5 5 38 148 Louis P'-..-.. from Una town El-\ for 3 Roads starting Ilimachal State Roads Project G1T wRHS h p.LHS 2-3 >3 S N. - >3 0.561 1-2 0*-1 1-2 24 un1 ______Jam _Kiker 2 Kinnu 1 Pipal1 4 18 44 62 12 Eucalyptus 1 2 1 48-49 Khotera kherala 30 Shisham 1 - Alas 49-50 Amb 31 Dead Shisham 1 2 3 17 1 4 13 1 - Eucalyptus Mango 1 Pipa_ 1 Shisham 1 thuth Dead mango 3 4 32 50-51 Amb 5 1 Eucalyptus 1 1 Jamun 4 Japanese thuth 1(platform) SannP - 2 ______Sarin ______594 19 thuth 44 357 540 373 477 679 Total Impacted Trees (Specieswise) Appendix 7.2 C: Una-Nerchowk- Required Pametre lcaton Speci. nare GIRTH SIZE Si Chlnage RHS No. LHS_I 2-3 | 3 33 0.651 1-2 0s-1 1.2 24S 1 9 9 Dead tree 10 3 1 0-1 Una 5 14 Eucalyptus 4 1 1 Shesham 2 Shah Toot 1 toot 2 2 3 1 Nasunia 2 1-2 Arniala 2 Mango 2 Kikkar 2 2 2 5 4 Toot 2 2 2 4 6 Eucalyptus 2 Majnu 1 Tunni 1 Dead tree 11 2 Mango 2 3 3 2-3 l 1 6 Eucalyptus 1 Shesham 1 4 3-4 1 eucalyptus 3 l 1 toot 1 1 2 Eucalyptus 2 5 4-5 1 1 Mango _ -_ Kikkar Eucalyptus 6 5-6 Samoor Kalan 2 1 Sesham 1 Kikkar 1 Dead sesham 1 Slambda 2 Eucalyptus 7 6-7 1 Slambda 1 tree | 1 Banyan _ Sesham _ 41 I limachal State Roads Projcct IYIA for 3 Roads startin;g from L'na town Si Chal ocon No. Specie. name Required Poramatbrs GIRTH SIZE LHS 8 7-8 0.5-1 1-2 I RHS Dead tree 2-3 >3 0.5-1 Sesham 1 1-2 2-3 >3 eucalyptus 1 mango . 2 1 1 Sesham 1 Slambda -___ 2 1 - 1 Jamun 2 Umrea ._1 1 9 8-9 1 Slambda 1 1 - 2 4 Drek 1 A lsi 1 jamun _ _ 10 9-10 __ _ _ I__ 1I _ _ _ Baheda _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ I__ mango 1 Shimbal - 1 cheed 1 11 10-11 Jogi Baheda -I1___ -1Panga 8 . 1 Kikkar 1 I Sesham 1 Banian tree 1 1 Shimbal 1 Drek ______Jamun 1 12 11-12 | 1 Jogi Neem Panga l 1 Seesham Baheda 1I 13 12-13 1 _ Khurwain Sesham Kikkar 2 1 I Seshamr _ 2 | Slambda 3 Khair 1 |I______|_ 2 1 Dead tree _ l1 1 Arjun _ Toot 1 . - 2 | . Ariun - _ sarein 1 14 13-14 1 _ _ Sesham 1 Slambda 5 Cheed1 1 Kikkar Drek I Plah 1 kamal 1 Khaer 1 Pardesi 2 Mango 1 Jamun 2 4 2 Banyan tree 1 l |_|-__ 1 kangu 1 1 Khera 1 _Arj 5 Urea 1 2 2 Dead tree ____ 1 2 Alsi _ 15 14-15 _ l Kubadi Amrud 1 _ - 1l I Jamun _ Khaeir . 1 Shimbal ______| 1 I_____Slambda _ ____|_1 2 1l Eucalyptus |. Sesham 1 l 16 15-16 Chhalla | 1 Arjun 2 Khaeir __.___|_|_l 3_ { 1 4 Louis B(r2rrV ( -'C" 1. - from Una town EIA for 3 Roads starting Project ZHlimachal State Roads 4 Khaeir 1-9- Chhalla -1- Mango 1I- Khaeir 4 16-17 17 Slambda 1 - 1 1 Tila 1 Cheed 18 17-18 Kakrana Jamun1 1 Tunni 1 3 = Slambda 1 Eucalyptus 1 Sarien 1 - - Bihul 1 Tila 5 Eucalyptus 19 18-19 Thana 1 Kalan 2 Shimbal 1 Chhalla 12 Kheir 1 1 Jamun Mango 2 Bihul 2 1 Cheed 1 19-20 2 20 Shimbal 13 15 1 Kheir 1 Mango ' '__.1 1 1 Bihul 3 Sesham 2 Sarein 2 Slambda 1 Jamun Banyan 1 Alsi 2 Cheed 1 21 20-21 Bilkuali 1 Kheir 1 1 Eucalyptus 1 .___LJamun _ Drek 1 Sesham 2 1 Slambda Umrea 2 4 Alsi L Mango _ 22 21-22 Hari 10 1 _ INagar--I 7 _ Kheir 1 Eucalyptus 3 5 Jamun 1 Drek Shimbal 1 3 Sesham 14 _ 1 - Japanese toot 1 Sarien 4 2 Bihul 1 _ - _ _ Kalam 1 Dangla - 1 11 1 Slambda 1 Amia 1 Umrea 1 3 1 1 Tuni 1 Umrea 2 Mango 23 Hari 22-23 Nagar 1 1 Kheir 2 Eucalyptus __ __ -Dreh - Sesham -______i limachal Statc Roads Jroject ElA for 3 Roads starting from Una town Si Chainig bcation No. SpeceS name Requirsd Pureinds GIRTH SIE i LH8 | 0.6-1 1-2 RHS Slambda 2-3 >3 0.5-1 1-2 2-3 | 3 Sarein 3 Umrea 1 Chhalla 1 4 2 Kalam 1 1 1 1 Shimbal 1 Alsi 1 24 23-24 3 Kheir = 1 Jamun 2 Kamal Mango 2 Slambda Challa 1 1 1 Broad leaf Sesham Mango 1 2 1 Tila I Aisi 1 ___ 1 25 Umrea 24-25 Jamun 1 1 1 4 Kamal 1 pipal 2 26 4 25-26 Talwari Sarein 1 Kheir 2 I Eucalyptus Jamun 1 1 Tunni 1 Sesham 1 = | Japanese toot - Khariala 1 1 Shrmbal - Arlun 1 |Mango 1 Tunni 1 3 27 26-27 Dumkhar 1 mango 1 I Kheir 4 1 Toot 2 I 5 Eucalyptus 1 Jamun 2 1 1 Shimbal 1 Sesham I 2 _ Dead sesham - 2 Slambda 1 .. | Tunni 1 28 27-28 1 Bangana Kheir ! 2 | Bihul 3 1 1 1 _ Kakkad __ I I Eucalyptus 2 1 ______LJamun 9 14 - 1 2 3 | Shimbal 1 _ Kamal 1 Mango 1 1 Drek 1 1 Tunni 1 29 28-29 Ornamental plant 2 1 - 1 2 -_ Eucalyptus Mango 3 1 2 30 29-30 l 1 Dohai Kheir . Kakkad 2 Eucalyptus 11 1 Mango _| 4 Drek 3 1 | pipal __| Tunni 1 1 2 ____| __ | Kheir 31 30-31 Saraen Kakkad _ 2__|____2= 3 _ 1 | |I.ouis 13rBcnrr (..-. from Una town FlA for 3 Roads starting Project [limachal State Roads Spain nlew Si Cliq l a 1.2 2.3 -3 No. 243 >3 OS-1 0.5-1 1-2 2 . 14 2 Eucalyptus 1 Jamun 2 - Gullar 1 - 1 1 1 Shimbal 1 - Mango 1 - 1 Drek 1 Sesham 1 1 Slambda 2 Tunni 3 Jamun 1 31-32 Saraen 4 2 32 Bihul 1 10 10 5 2 Eucalyptus 2 Mango I1 Sesham Nasuda 1 Toot 32-33 Dhundla 2 7 4 3 33 Jamun 2 1 3 4 2 - Eucalyptus 1 1 3 1 Shimbal Mango 2 Slambda 1 1 Tunni _ 1 1 Umrea 5 12 1 Kheir 34 33-34 Nanami 1 _._|_Jamun 4 1l Kakkad 2 1 Eucalyptus 1 Shimbal 1 Sesham 1 Peepal 34-35 Malangarh 2 2 35 Sarein 1 2 Slambda 1 1 1 l Shimbal 3 1 Mango 1 1 1 Riur 1 Khaeir 3 2 3 1 L Jamun 5 1 _ 17 Eucalyptus I Sarein 35-36 Amreda I 36 Shimbal 1 Bihul 1 | 2 Mango 1 Riur 5 1 - _-____Khaeir 2 2 _ Eucalyptus 3 Sesham 1 37 36-37 Tanoh 1 2 =_|_Sarein Slambda Shimbal - Bihul 1 2 __ 1 L=___MangoRiur 2 7 1 2 Khaeir 4 Eucalyptus 4 Sarein 1 38 37-38 Kadsai 3 1 Slambda 2 | Sesham 1 1 Shimbal 1 2 Bihul 1 1 1 Mango 1 Sukandra 1 2 Riur 20 1 Khaeir r 1 1 1 Jamun 1 2 |Umrea 2 Eucalyptus I limaclial State Roads Pro;ject El A for 3 Roads starting from ina town Si ChB.P No. .oatio Spbds nan Raquled ht g"rv GaRTH SE! LHS 39 38-39 . 0.5-1 I Sesham 1-2 2-3 RHS 3 - 0.S-1 Shimbal 1-2 2-3 ->3 Mango 1 1 Khaeir 8 Pipal I pardesi 1 Umrea 1 40 39-40 1 dadyar Sesham 1 1 Shimbal 1 Mango 1 Sukandra 1 2 Dead tree 1 1 1 Khaeir 28 1 Jamun 5 Umrea 1 Eucalyptus 41 40-41 Lathiani Sarein 5 1 1 Mango 1 Khaeir 9 1 2 Tunni 6 3 Drek 1 1 Eucalyptus 1 42 41-42 Sarein 1 2 Slambda 1 4 1 1I Shimbal 2 -_____ Challia . - Dead Khaer 1 2 1 Mango = 1 Kangu 2 - Sukandra 3 I Dead tree . - Khaeir 1 Khainer 10 2 23 Drek 3 Eucalyptus 1 1 43 42-43 Slambda 1 1 1 Challia 1 Khaeir 1 - 44 43-44 9 Dead Khaer 7 Mango - Khaeir 45 44-45 2 kalam 1 Challia 1 Riur 1 Khaeir 46 46-47 47 47-48 Cheed Barsar Mango 1 3 1 Cheed 1 -jamun 1 2 Bihul 1 Drek 1 . mango 2 4 sarein 2 1 kamal Tunni I _ . _ Mango 2 jamun 2 4 3 11 Dead sesham 1 2 3 12 Dead sarein 1 Pipal Eucalyptus 1 1 Drek 1 1 Slambda 1 kamal 1 48 49-50 Mehre Mango 1 5 3 1 . Alsi 10 2 1 1 I 10 2 I.ouis B(rettr (Grlnn 1.-- from Ulna town EIA for 3 Roads starting Project I limachal State Roads ., - -, I1 w a -o . O-11 12 S No. 3 >31 0.5-1 9 1 1 I jamun n 1 1 1 -sare 2 2 Mango 1 50-51 Bhakreri 7 10 49 Cheed 2 1 12 5 Sesham 4 8 Mango 12 2 50 51-52 Bani 28 Mangroli 19 11 1 51 52-53 3 6 Mango 3 23 8 1 Mango 53-54 samoh 1 52 Dead mango Cheed 1 1 Alsi 2 jamun 1 Toot 1 1 27 4 sarein 30 4 1 Mango 53 54-55 mango -1 Dead 1 kariala 1 Amla l 1 3 Sesham 9 4 Mango 54 55-56 Tikker 1 2 Brahmana Cheed 3 Nasunnia 1 kariala 1 jamun Shimbal 1 1 Bihul 1 Toot - 2 Japanese toot 1 Drek 1 sarein 2 4 Sesham 1 2 1 2 Mango 1 55 56-57 3 8 1 Cheed 1 Amla 1 Dead sesham 1 Bihul 2 2 Drek 11 5 Sesham 1 1 Mango 56 57-58 _1_ _ _ _ _ Dead mango 3 - 3 Arjun 5 2 Alsi 1 24 Umrea 1 1 57 58-59 Bumblu 1 11l Mango 3 1 Cheed kariala I 5 Kalam 3 5 Mango ______59-60 salon! 3 1 58 Cheed Toot 17 7 1 - - Mango 3 59 60-61 mango Dead 1 3 Cheed 1 2 2 7 1 1 Mango 3 60 61-62 3 Cheed 1 1 Sesham 1 Cheed 62-63 1 61 Cheed 62 63-64 1 Kheir 1 Bihul 1 Mango 1 _ _ _ 64-65 _ _ _ _ 63 _ _ _ _ _ Cheed 2 _ _ _ _ _ Ber I limachal State Roads Project .l A for 3 Roads starting from lAna town -i Chinag loaon Nou Spek nuow Repliid Phrmfbm GUrfl SUR -0.5-1 .LHB Kheir |1-2 2-3 RHS 2 >3 0.6-1 Jagarinda 1-2 W2 >3 1 1 Shimbal _ 1___ Bihul 1 1___ 4 Toot _ _ _ _ - 4 Karal =1 = Slambda 2 - - . . sarein 1 Sesham I1 2 Kalam 64 65-66 Mango 1 -__ _ Banyan 1 Cheed 3 1 65 Tunni 66-67 Bhota 1 2 =____ Cheed Jamun 2 1 1 D__rek 3 66 67-68 Bhota Cheed 6 1 kariala 1 __ 4 12 jamun 3 Fedu 4 1 1 3 Shimbal 1 Bihul 1 Toot 1 Jamun 1 1 Drek 1 2 _ _ I 1I ______Rttha 1 _ 1 sarein . I 1 Sesham .__ _ 1 kamal | 4 Tunni __| -_|_| 3 2 Mango 1 67 68-69 3 Bhota Kheir 1 Amia 1 1 1 3 Fedu - Bihul 1 1 Toot 3 1 2 4 Japanese toot Jamun _ 2 1 Drek __i__ Sesham 1 | 1 | 1 Tunni 1 68 69-70 Bhota 1 6 Mango 5 __ __ _ Bihul 5 1 1 Toot 1 1 Japanesetoot 1 1 1 Jarmun _____ 2 Drek _____ Sesham 1 2 3 2 Tunni . | _ . 69 |70-71 7 Aghar Mango _____ 3 2 4 Dead mango 4 | I | 3 1 Gadila glory I_I 14 - _____ |__| Chinli 1 i | I___ *______Jagarinda ._ 1 __ | ___I _ 1 I__I_ amun 3 _ _ Toot III1 |_| Tehu _ 2 |KaBihul 2 1 Toot3 1 | ____ Karal 1 Japanesetoot 1 1 1 | Drek . sarein -___- _ _ 1 ___2 Sesham 1 kamal 2 _ _ _ _ | 3 Louis Berger (irotin 1-- from Una town FIA for 3 Roads starting Project I limachal State Roads - --.A- - AM i*.,.-2 No 1 7 1 2 8 . Tunni 4 4 . Mango 71-72 70 Amrud .______1 2 1I1 Cheed i 1 Jagarinda 1 jmn1 4- Shimbal Jamun 1 Slambda 1 1 Sesham 1 kamal 3 3 Mango 72-73 Kothi 1 1 71 Baheda 1 2 Cheed 2 1 1 Jagarinda 2 1 1 Shimbal 1 1 Bihul 2 Toot 1 1 Orek 1 1I Tunni - _ Bihul 2 - 72 73-74 Eucalyptus 1 2 Sesham 1 Town Pardesi 1 I 73 2 1 74-75 Bharari Mango 1 1 Jagarinda 2 kariala 1I Bihul _ 1 Eucalyptus 1 2 Drek 1 Sesham Mango 75-76 Balokhar 1 74 Aaru 1 Baheda _ 1 2 1 = kariala 2 2 Fedu 2 1 Bihul 2 1 Pipal 1 Japanese toot 1 1 ______Eucalyptus 3 1 _ Drek 1 1 sarein 9 2 1 1 3 Sesham 1 1 Mango 75 76-77 Patta Dead sesham 6 4 1 Jharlog 4 8 76 77-78 1 Mango 2 Akhrot 1 3 _ Bihul 1 2 2 1 Toot 1 1 = Drek Sesham 3 _____ 6 _ Mango 3 77 78-79 Ladrur 3 Bihul 1 Toot 1 1 1 1 Tunni _ _ _ Mango 3 79-80 5 4 1 78 Bihul Ecalyptus 1 toot 2 Japanese 2 Shimbal 3 Cheed 2 _ 6 6 1 Mango I 79 80-81 2 1 1II ____Sesham Chiul I_I_Dead I [imachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una town S9 Chalnp bIcaon Spwein nam Reqid Par-we llo. INS 0.5-1 1-2 RHS Chiul 2-3 . 0.5-1 80 81-82 1-2 2-3 -A mango 1 1 6 Bihut 2 2 4 Nasuda 2 kangu 1 Drek 1 karal 1 1 ______T oot I Japanese toot 1I ______Sesham 1 Tunni 1 Dhegla 81 82-83 2 1 Tamroh mango 1 Bihul 1 5 3 Pipal 1 1 2 = Drek __ Toot I 2 Banyan Tree Sarein 1 Jamun 1 1 Umrea 1 Sesham 2 1 82 Ecalyptus 1 2 83-84 Kadhota mango . Bihul 3 3 1 1 5 Pipal 3 karal I - Toot 1 Jamun 2 2 Tunni 1 _ _ Kheir _ __ 1 Dhegla 1 4 Shimbal I 1 83 Chiul 84-85 Mango 1 jagarinda 4 8 2 _ _ 1 2 14 2 Sesham 2 2 Tunni 2 Kheir 1 5 Shimbal 1 1 Chiul 84 85-86 2 Mango 1 1 Sesham 1 1 1 2 1 Ecalyptus 85 86-87 1 3 Cheed 4 86 Ecalyptus 1 14 2 87-88 Mundkhar Mango 1 1 3 1l Bihul 2 1 | i Toot . 3 Jamun ______1 | Sesham 1 1 Ecalyptus 1 Chiu Akalam l3 1 1 Tunni 2 Shimbal I Slambda 1 Silver 87 oak 89-90 Sulgwan Fedu 1 1 t Bihul 2 1 Pipal1 1 Toot ______1 t Sarein 2 Jamun 1 1 Tunni 1 | ouis Bergcr ( ;roiiln from UJna town EIA for 3 Roads starting Project Ilimachal State Roads i r'- OWO:A 1 Chl . k* .. 2-3 > ! > fIL" 1-2 osl, I A1 r I Shimbal I 2 - Slambda 1 1 1 mango 2 - Bihul 2 90-91 88 kalam 1 Drek 1 karal 1 _ Toot 1 2 2 1 ___ Jamun 1 Sesham 1 3 3 _ _Tunni - 1 3 Ecalyptus 1 1 kamal Shimbal 4 6 tree 2 1 Banyan 4 6 2 mango 2 Bihul 91-92 89 AmlaI 1 1 kangu Pipal 1 _ _ Papita 2 Drek 2 1 - Toot 3 Sarein 2 6 3 Jamun 1 Sesham 2 Tunni 2 Kimb 1 Ecalyptus 1 Japanese toot 1 1 2 l Slambda 1 2 1 3 2 mango 1 Bihul 1 92-93 Jaahu - 90 Pipal 3 4 1 Ecalyptus 1 1 1 1 mango 1 93-94 Jaahu 91 Pipal 1 - 1 Toot 1 2 Sesham 2 18 19 Ecalyptus 1 1 Banyan tree 11 2 Bihul 1 Pardesi 1 Drek 5 2 karal 1 Tyamal 1 Sheer 3 Japanese toot 1 1 Poplar - 1 1 Sarein 9 3 Jamun Umrea 1 1 Sesham 2 6 Tunni 1 Sikunda 1 I Ecalyptus 2 1 Japanese toot 5 2 1 kamal 2 1 1 Shimbal 3 1 2 Slambda 2 2 1 l Chiul 1 mango 1 Bihul 95-96 1 1 92 jagarinda karal I limachal Statc Roads Projcct EIA for 3 Roads starfing from Una town 81CM- 7 bed No. ql-mNo M *mum . 11 01 RHS 1-2 24 , A-_ Bilpatra 0.1 1-2 2-3 -3 Toot 2 Jamun 1 Pansla - 1 - - Sesham I_____ Tunni am 2 Ecalyptus 2 Plah 2 1 kamal ._1.-I 1 Shimbal Chiul 1 ___ _ _ mango_ 4 2 93 96-97 __ Bihul 7__ Drek 1 . Toot 1 Sarein 3 1 Sesham 1 - Tunni 6 ______Ecalyptus 6 Bes 3 2 Shimbal 2 Chiul 3 94 97-98 Bhambla Bihul 6 Nasuda 4 1 Drek f 1 karal 1 Sesham 4 1 7 Tunni 6 Ecalyptus 1 kamal 3 1 Chiul 2 mango 1I 95 98-99 Bihul 1 Behada 10 2 Fedu 1 - Jamun 2 Sesham 5 Tunni 1 Ecalyptus 9 1 Kheir 1 kamal 2 5 Umrea 1 Slambda 2 chiul 10 mango 96 99-100 Mango 3 1 2 Behada 3 Cheed Amda 1 _____ 2 Sesham 4 Flal .- _-_Shimbal I 1 Slambda 3 chiul 97 4 100-101 Bilpatra Cheed 3 2 Cheed 3 98 _____3 101-102 Cheed 11 tKheir 1 Shimbal 1 chiul 1 mango 99 1 102-103 Dhalwan Sesham Tunni 1 1 . Ecalyptus -- ______1 chiul . 6 1 AOlli'; B1-- r. - --.---- Una town IMAfor 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Project mango 1 Bihul 1 100 103-104 1 Pipal karal 5 Cheed 1 1 Sesham kamal 4 11 - Shimbal 1 = 14 4 Slambda 1 chiul 22 Bihul 1 101 104-105 Cheed 13 Jamun 2 Sesham 1 Cheed 1 3 102 105-106 Bihul 7 I1 103 108-109 Behada Slambda 2 3 12 chiul 3 Bihul 5 104 109-110 karal 3 3 Koylal 1 kamal 2 1 1 Khirak 1 2 1 Shimbal 2 - chiul 2 . - Bihul 6 1 105 110-111 1 Behada Fedu 1 Drek 1 karal 2 Tyamal I__ Toot 1 Paja 1 Pardesi 1 1 Dhegla Shimbal 1 - Slambda 1 chiul 4 1 Akhrot 2 Bihul 106 111-14 Amal Holu - Fedu 6 Cheed 1 Toot 2 Sesham 3 - Tunni 2 1 Ecalyptus Fedu 1 Khirak 1 chiul 2 1 Fedu 1 107 14-13 1 Pipal karal 1 2 I Cheed 17 Tyamal 1 Toot 1 Ecalyptus 1 Siaru 1 Plah Aniir 1 Paja 1 - Shimbal 1 lI Slambda 1 . Tunni 1 - 3 Bihul 3 l 108 13-12 Behada 1 5 I limachal State Roads Project EIA for 3 Roads starting from Una toun Fedu.-1 =Chaeaed ,122 kamal 2-. Tunnil . - 109 chiul 12-11 Cheed 6 .Toot 8 Naak l -kamal 3.- - Slambda 2 chiul 1 110 11-10 Sidhyani 7 Bihul 3 - l Fedu Barn I Cheed1 24 - .- Tunni 2_-2aja - chiul 3 - mango - 1 III 10 -9 Bihul 3 2 Shyama_ 6 3 1 Bann - . Behada 1 1 Cheed 2 Paja 54 kamal 1 l t t ~mango 5 I I 112 9-8 lakhwan l-l Amia 1 } -| || kamal 7 _ Slambda 12 - 1 I | i I1 _Bihul I _ n1 11 __jm_ 1 Chee 2 2 ______Karal _ 1I_ 2 1 __ _ 9 _ _ _ _ _ EucatI Baheda ptus 1I _____ Shyama 1 I _ I_L_Bann 1 2 4 | Chiul - 5 I ___|_Shimbal _ 4 1I_ Toot 1 1 |- 2 Paja 1 1 1 l Shyama 2 chiul 113 8-7 1 Amla 1 1 kamal _ Bann 4 Cheed 3 _ Baheda 2 13 Tunni 1I|_ 1 1 Shyama 3 Chiul 3 1 _ _- Shimbal 3 Banyan tree 1 __.l :______Shyama 3 chiul 2 _ | | 114 7-6 _ Fedu 1 1 | 1 | Bihul 1 jamun I__L__ 1 _ _ _ __ I C heed ______3 ______Una town EIA for 3 Roads starting from I limachal State Roads Project ------. ------K rl- 4 1 1- =Tunni 7 Eucalyptus 17- Chiul 8 2 1 Shimbal 1 mango Drek 5 3 115 6-5 = kamal 10lO Bihul 4 1 Sarein 1 - 3 - Poplar 3 Naashpathi 1I Baheda - 6 Tunni 13 2 7 5 Chiul _ __3 2 _ _ _ _Toot_ - chiul 1 . - 1 Drek 1 116 5-4 Galma kamal 1 kakkar 1 4 Bihul 1 I Sarein 2 1 jamun Karal 5 - Naashpathi 3 1 9 Tunni 1 Eucalyptus 3 Shesham 1 1 Chiul 1 1 Shimbal 4 2 - - Toot - 2 Slambda 1 = Shimbal 1 3 - chiul 1 Fedu 2 117 4-3 Drek 1 2 kamal 4 Bihul 1 1 Sarein Keinth 1 2 1 Poplar 1 1 jamun 3 2 Karal 1 1 Siaru 11 papita I 5 Tunni 1 Paja 1 1 7 2 Eucalyptus 1 Baheda 1 Shimbal 1 = = Toot 1 . - Slambda 1 mango 1 2 kamal 7 1 118 3-2 2 Sarein 4 4 - Siaru 6 1 jamun 1 1 1 - Tunni 1 - Sesham Paia 2 Shimbal 1 4 Toot 2 1 - - - Pipal - I - - mango - Sarein 2 119 2-1 ME9 - M OLS 66 ?9 St. 9LS SLOL saa ino Ie° - - -ledij c loo1 =H - ijMMoI3J3N 0- I OZ S I - - jel°d0 snxdRl2on9 = G f_ PnulJew __ -N . LcX0 Ult- LUZ ,?TJ4 p":O- JOJ VI -TI, D< Puodol up