Purpose of Hydroelectric Generation.Only 13 Dams Are Used for Flood Control in the Basin and 19 Dams Are Used for Irrigation Along with Other Usage

Home , Baglihar Dam, Baijnath Temple, Beas River, Bhabat, Bhakra Dam, Bhimakali Temple

Indus (Up to border) Basin Version 2.0

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Indus (Up to border) Basin

Preface Optimal management of water resources is the necessity of time in the wake of development and growing need of population of India. The National Water Policy of India (2002) recognizes that development and management of water resources need to be governed by national perspectives in order to develop and conserve the scarce water resources in an integrated and environmentally sound basis. The policy emphasizes the need for effective management of water resources by intensifying research efforts in use of remote sensing technology and developing an information system. In this reference a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on December 3, 2008 between the Central Water Commission (CWC) and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to execute the project “Generation of Database and Implementation of Web enabled Water resources Information System in the Country” short named as India-WRIS WebGIS.

India-WRIS WebGIS has been developed and is in public domain since December 2010 (www.india- wris.nrsc.gov.in). It provides a ‘Single Window solution’ for all water resources data and information in a standardized national GIS framework and allow users to search, access, visualize, understand and analyze comprehensive and contextual water resources data and information for planning, development and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).

Basin is recognized as the ideal and practical unit of water resources management because it allows the holistic understanding of upstream-downstream hydrological interactions and solutions for management for all competing sectors of water demand. The practice of basin planning has developed due to the changing demands on river systems and the changing conditions of rivers by human interventions. The multiple uses of water and varying demands on a river basin require an integrated approach to managing river basin.

Basin wise report generation is one the important deliverables of India-WRIS project. Report of Indus basin describes systematically the present status of water resources: major water resources projects, hydro-meteorological observations, surface and ground water development scenario, topographic characteristics, climatic variability, land use / land cover pattern & allied natural resources along with socio-economic profile of the basin. The report contains valuable latest information of the basin on all aspects of water resources and allied sectors and will be useful as baseline information for the irrigation officials, hydrologists, agriculturalists, conservationists, research organizations and all those involved in the development of Indus basin.

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Acknowledgment The Indus basin report is an outcome of the project “Generation of Database and Implementation of Web enabled Water resources Information System in the Country” short named as India-WRIS WebGIS jointly executed by the Central Water Commission (CWC) and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This comprehensive publication gives the present status of water resources assets, topographic features, climatic variability, land use / land cover pattern & allied natural resources along with socio-economic information of the basin.

We, on behalf of the authors and India-WRIS project team acknowledge; Shri Alok Rawat, Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources; Mrs. Sudha Midha, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Water Resources; Er. A. B. Pandya, Chairman, Central Water Commission; Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman, Indian Space Research Organization and Secretary, Department of Space; Shri Sudarsanam Srinivasan, Secretary to GOI and Member- Finance, Department of Space; Shri A. Vijay Anand, Additional Secretary, Department of Space; Dr. V. Koteswara Rao, Scientific Secretary, ISRO; Dr. V. Jayaraman, Ex-Director, NRSC for constant encouragement and guidance, technical discussions and for evincing keen interest in India-WRIS project and this report.

Our foremost acknowledgement is towards India-WRIS project team who created and organized large number of data sets and information in GIS format as seamless layers and attribute data for the entire country which served as base for this report. Thanks are also due to all CWC and NRSC / ISRO officials who carried out the quality assurance and shown their enthusiastic involvement. Finally, our sincere thanks are to all divisions and officials of NRSC and CWC for their valuable support during the preparation of this report.

The basin report includes the results generated through interpretation of latest satellite imageries as well as compilation of huge information from voluminous records. This would not have been possible without the countrywide support. We would like to thank all the organizations, institutes and individuals who contributed either directly or indirectly in bringing out this publication.

Dr. J R Sharma Project Director, India-WRIS & Chief General Manager, RCs/ NRSC/ ISRO, New Delhi

Er. Yogesh Paithankar Project In-charge, India-WRIS & Director, CWC, New Delhi

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Executive Summary India is endowed with rich water resources. Approximately 45,000 km long riverine systems criss- cross the length and breadth of the country. Rapidly increasing population, rising standards of living and exponential growth of industrialization and urbanisation have exposed the water resources. In order to utilise the water efficiently the common people should know about the availability of the current water resources present in the country.

For effective utilisation and management of water resources this report has been generated for Indus basin to provide an overview on the water statistics and its critical parameters. Indus basin is of extraordinary variation in altitude, climate, land use, cropping pattern and in availability of water resources. Indus has been a cradle of human civilization since time immemorial. The geographical extent of the basin is between 72°28’ to 79°39’ east longitudes and 29°8’ to 36°59’ North latitudes of the country with a maximum length and width of 756 km and 560 km. The length of Indus River in India is 1114 km. The total catchment area of the basin is 321289 Sq. Km. The Indus basin extends over China (Tibet), India, Afghanistan and Pakistan draining an area of 11, 65,500 Sq.km. The principal tributaries lying on the left of the Indus area the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas. The basin spreads over 32 parliamentary constituencies( 2009) comprising 13 of Punjab, 7 of Jammu & Kashmir, 4 each of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, 3 of Rajasthan and 1 of Chandigarh with total population of 37476080.

The average water resource potential of the basin has been assessed as 73310 million cubic meters (MCM). Substantial abstraction of water for various purposes including irrigation, power generation and drinking water has impacted the quantity of flows in the river. The water quality of Indus River and its tributary is excellent which deteriorates downstream but remain well in permissible limits.

The hilly part of the basin has major contribution of sub-montane and brown hill including alluvial type of soil whereas the plain part of the basin contains mainly alluvial, chestnut and small part of desert soil type. The major part of the basin is covered with agricultural land accounting to 35.8 percent of total area and 1.85 percent of the basin is covered by water bodies (8554). Tanks are most predominant followed by lakes/ponds /reservoirs. There are 115 water resource assets in Indus Basin which includes dam, barrage, weir etc. The basin has 70 major and medium irrigation projects with 55 hydroelectric projects, 45 lift irrigation projects and 21 ERM projects. Mostly lower portion of the basin is blanketed with 1154 ground water observation wells. CWC has established 18 meteorological stations in the basin which are providing basic meteorological parameters with temporal data at some stations.

Climate is not uniform over the Indus river basin; it varies from sub-tropical arid and semi-arid to temperate sub-humid. The Himalayas, in Jammu Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh falling in Indus basin experience snow cover. The temperature varies from arctic cold to tropical heat. Indus basin has an attraction for tourist also from all around the world which includes hill station pilgrimage, mountains, peaks, wild life sanctuaries etc. The outcome of the report can be used to increase the awareness about the water resource assets of the country and the need to protect them.

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Table of Contents

Preface ------i Acknowledgment ------i Executive Summary ------iii 1. Introduction ------1 1.1. Overview of Basin ------1 1.2 Topography ------6 1.3 Climate ------9 1.3.1 Rainfall ------9 1.3.2 Temperature ------11 1.3.3 Trends and variability ------12 1.4 Major rivers ------12 1.5 Land use/land cover ------14 1.6 Soils ------16 1.7 Agro Climatic zones ------21 1.8 Agro Ecological zones ------23 1.9 Demography ------25 2. Hydrological units------27 2.1 Sub-basins ------27 2.2 Watersheds ------29 3. Surface water resources ------42 3.1 Surface waterbodies ------42 3.2 Water resource projects ------43 3.2.1 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects ------43 3.2.2 Hydroelectric Projects ------44 3.2.3 Dams, Barrages/Weirs/Anicuts ------45 3.2.4 Command Area and Canal Network ------58 3.2.5 Multipurpose Projects ------61 3.2.6 Interstate Projects ------61 4. Ground Water Resources ------62 4.1 Ground Water Observation Wells ------62 4.2 Ground water level fluctuation ------65 4.3 Litholog well locations ------68 5. Hydro-met observations ------70 5.1 Hydrological Observation Sites ------70 5.2 Meteorological stations ------72 6. Water Quality ------73 6.1 Surface Water Quality Observations ------73 6.2 Ground Water Quality Observations ------74 7. Water Tourism Sites ------76 8. Conclusion ------79 Annexure I: State, district and parliamentary constituency in the basin ------80

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Annexure II: Climate – Rainfall (1971-2004) and Temperature (1969-2004) profile in the basin ------84 Annexure III: Sub basin wise population and drinking water facilities ------86 Annexure IV: Inventory of surface water resources ------91 Annexure V : Inventory of litholog well locations------114 Annexure VI: Salient features of Hydro-Meteorological stations ------134 Annexure VII: Inventory of water tourism sites ------136 Acronyms ------144 References ------148 Authors ------149 India-WRIS Project Team ------150 List of Tables Table 1. Salient features of the basin ...... 5 Table 2. Elevation Zones ...... 7 Table 3. Length of Major Rivers ...... 14 Table 4. Land use/Land Cover statistics (2005-2006) ...... 16 Table 5. Sub-basin wise watersheds ...... 30 Table 6. Number and size of Waterbodies...... 42 Table 7. Number of Water Resource Projects...... 44 Table 8. Sub-basin wise number and type of water resource structures ...... 45 Table 9. List of Interstate Water Resource Projects...... 61 Table 10. Sub-basin wise number of ground water observation wells ...... 63 Table 11. Hydrological Observation Sites of CWC ...... 70 Table 12. Meteorological Stations ...... 72 Table 13. Water Tourism Sites ...... 76 Table 14. Indus Basin- Major Water Tourism Sites………………………………………………………………………………………78

List of Maps

Map 1. Index Map………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Map 2a. Satellite Imagery of Indus Basin……………………………………………………………………………………………. 3 Map 2b. Basin – Drainage and Sub-basin……………………………………………………………………………………………. 4 Map 3. Elevation Zones………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8 Map 4. Annual average rainfall…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Map 5. Land Use/Land Cover (2005-2006) ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 15 Map 6. Soil Texture…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17 Map 7. Soil Erosion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Map 8. Soil Slope………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 Map 9. Soil Productivity……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 Map 10. Agro-climatic regions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 22 Map 11 . Agro-ecological zones…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 Map 12. Population Density………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 Map 13a. Beas Sub-basin and watersheds …...…………………………………………………………………………………… 31 Map 13b. Chenab Sub-basin and watersheds …...………………………………………………………………………………. 32 Map 13c. Ghaggar and other Sub-basin and watersheds …………………………………………………………………… 33 Map 13d. Gilgit Sub-basin and watersheds …...………………………………………………………………………………….. 34 Map 13e. Jhelum Sub-basin and watersheds …...…………………………………………………………………………...... 35 Map 13f. Lower Indus Sub-basin and watersheds …...... 36 Map 13g. Ravi Sub-basin and watersheds …...……………………………………………………………………………………. 37

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Map 13h. Shyok Sub-basin and watersheds …...…………………………………………………………………………………. 38 Map 13i. Satluj Lower Sub-basin and watersheds …...... ……… 39 Map 13j. Satluj UpperSub-basin and watersheds …...... ………… 40 Map 13k. Upper Indus Sub-basin and watersheds …...... ……… 41 Map 14. Major water resources structures and projects……………………………………………………………………… 47 Map 15a. Beas Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets……………………………………………………………………………. 50 Map 15b. Chenab Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets……………………………………………………………………….. 51 Map 15c. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets…………………………………………………….. 52 Map 15d. Jhelum Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets………………………………………………………………………… 53 Map 15e. Ravi Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets……………………………………………………………………………. 54 Map 15f. SatlujLower Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets…………………………………………………………………. 55 Map 15g. Satluj Upper Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets………………………………………………………………… 56 Map 15h. Indus Upper Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets………………………………………………………………… 57 Map 16. Command Area and Canal Network……………………………………………………………………………………… 60 Map 17. Location of Ground water observation wells………………………………………………………………………… 64 Map 18. Ground water level Fluctuation (Recharge) …………………………………………………………………………… 66 Map 19. Ground water level Fluctuation (Draft) …………………………………………………………………………….…… 67 Map 20. Litholog well locations………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 69 Map 21. Hydro observation stations……………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 71 Map 22. Water Tourism Sites………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…… 77

List of Figures

Figure 1. Statewise drainage area ...... 6 Figure 2. Monthly average temperature (1969-2004) ...... 11 Figure 3. Trend of monthly average rainfall (1971-2004) ...... 12 Figure 4. Sub-basins and Percentage Drainage Area ...... 29 Figure 5. Type and number of waterbodies...... 43 Figure 6. Dam classification based on storage ...... 46 Figure 7. Dam classification based on purpose...... 46

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1. Introduction 1.1. Overview of Basin The Indus basin extends over China (Tibet), India, Afghanistan and Pakistan draining an area of 11, 65,500 Sq.km. In India, the basin spreads over states of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and part of Rajasthan, Haryana, besides Union Territory of Chandigarh having an area of 3,21,289 Sq.km which is nearly 9.8 percent of the total geographical area. The geographical extent of the basin is between 72°28’ to 79°39’ East longitudes and 29°8’ to 36°59’ North latitudes of the country with a maximum length of 756 km and width of 560 km. The index map of the Indus basin is shown as Map 1.The basin is bounded by the Himalayas on the east, by the Karakoram and Haramosh ranges on the north, by the Sulaiman and Kirthar ranges on the west, and by the Arabian Sea on the south. There are 6 major rivers which are flowing in the basin. The basin is divided into 11 sub-basins which are described in futher sections.The satellite imagery of IRS P6 AWiFS False Colour Composite of the Indus basin is shown in Map 2a and the Indus Basin with the drainage area and sub-basins is shown in Map 2b.

In India, the Indus basin lies in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana and the Union Territory of Chandigarh. The upper part of the basin, which lies in Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, is dominated by mountain ranges and narrow valleys.In Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan, the basin consists of vast plains, which are fertile granary of the country. The basin spreads over 32 parliamentary constituencies (2009) comprising 13 of Punjab, 7 of Jammu & Kashmir, 4 each of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, 3 of Rajasthan and 1 of Chandigarh. For more details refer Annexure I – A, B.

The region experiences an undulating climate varying from arid to humidtype.The submontane, brown hill and alluvial soils are principle soil types found in the basin. The culturable area of the basin is 9.6 Mha, which is about 4.9 percent of the total culturable area of the country. The mean annual flow of the Indus Basin Rivers amounts to about 187 cubic km. The major part of basin is covered with agricultural land accounting to 35.8 percent of the total area and 1.85 percent of the basin is covered by water bodies. There is a significant contribution from snowmelt.

The water resource development in the Indus basin is governed by the various provision of the Indus water treaty, 1960. According to this treaty the water of the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj shall be available for the unrestricted use by India. India has also been permitted to make domestic use, non- consumptive use, uses for runoff the river Hydroelectric plants and specified agricultural use from the Indus, the Jhelum and the Chenab.The availability of water has transformed deserts intofertile agricultural fields which hasresulted an influx of human settlers into the uninhabited land.

The salient features of the Indus basin are listed in Table 1.

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Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 1. Index Map www.indiawris.nrsc.gov.in 2

Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 2a. Satellite Imagery of Indus Basin 3 www.indiawris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 2b. Basin – Drainage and Sub-basin

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Table 1. Salient features of the basin Salient Features of the Basin 1. Basin Extent 72° 28' to 79° 39' E 29° 8' to 36° 59' N 2. Length of Indus River (Km) 1114 (in India) 3. Area (Sq.km) 321289 (CWC Reported) 314014.78 (GIS Calulcated) 4. States in the basin Jammu and Kashmir (60.31%), Himachal Pradesh (15.98), Punjab (15.66%), Rajasthan (4.92), Haryana (3.09%), Union Territory of Chandigarh (0.04%) 5. Districts (Census 2011) 67 6. Parliamentary Constituencies (2009) 32 7. Average Annual Rainfall (mm) 620.96 8. Mean Maximum Temperature (o C) 25.13 9. Mean Minimum Temperature (o C) 11.12 10. Total Population 42505479 11. Number of villages 42431 12. Highest Elevation (m) 8566 13. Average Annual Water Potential (BCM) 73.31 14. Utilizable Surface Water (BCM) 46 15. Live Storage Capacity of Completed 16285.9 Projects (MCM) 16. Live Storage Capacity of Projects Under 282.53 Construction (MCM) 17. Total Live Storage Capacity of Projects 16568.43 (MCM) 18. Number of Sub-Basins 11 19. Number of Watersheds 497 20. Number of Water Resources Structures Dams-39 Barrages-13 Weir-18 Lifts-45 Power Houses-59 21. Highest Dam Bhakra Dam (Himachal Pradesh)- 167.64 m 22. Longest Dam Pong Dam(Himachal Pradesh) - 1950.7m 23. Highest Barrage Uhl Barrage (Himachal Pradesh) -228.75 m 24. Longest Barrage Ropar Barrage (Punjab) - 820 m 25. Number of Irrigation Projects Major-30 Medium-40 ERM-21 26. Number of HydroElectric projects 55 27. Number of Ground Water Observation 1154 Wells 28. Number of Hydro-Observation Sites 26 29. Water Tourism Sites 128

Indus basin extends over states of Jammu and Kashmir (60.31%), Himachal Pradesh (15.98%), and Punjab (15.66%) in addition to smaller parts in Rajasthan (4.92%), Haryana (3.09%) and Chandigarh (0.04%). The statewise drainage area of Indus basin is shown in Figure 1.

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Figure 1. Statewise drainagearea 1.2 Topography The Indus basin represents mosaicof hilly terrain in northern part and plain terrain at lower part.The region consists of huge mountains masses interspersed by longitudinal valleys. In the whole region there are four larger mountain ranges- the Karakoram, the Ladakh, the main Himalaya or Zaskar, and the Pir Panjal. The longitudinal valleys of the Gilgit, the Shyok, the Indus, and the Jhelumlie between these ranges. To the South of the Pir Panjal lies the Siwalik range which is comparatively much lower in elevation and known as the Jammu hills; further south there is a narrow strip of foot-hills plains merging into the Punjab plains. The upper region of the basin is known for some of the high peaks like Karakoram

K2 (8611 m),Nanga Parbat (8125)in lower Indus Sub-basin,Bhatura Mustagh I (7795 m) in Gilgit sub- basin,Nun (7135) in Chenab Sub-basin,Shahi Kangri (6934 m) and Kangju Kangri (6725 m) in Shyok Sub-basin.The eastern part of the basin is veiled from the Punjab plains by Siwalik Hills. It is hilly and a mountaineous tract with altitude ranging from about 450m to 6500m above sea level.Topographically the Punjab is bounded by hilly terrain in north eastern side and completely plain with slight undulations in western side. Rajasthan part of the basin has a general elevation of 150- 200m. It has been observed from SRTM DEM that the elevation ranges from 100 m to greater than 6000 m in the Indus basin. Major area falls under the 4000-5000 m elevation zone. The elevation variation of the basin is depicted in Table 2 and the elevation zones are shown in Map 3.

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Table 2. Elevation Zones

Sl. No. Elevation (m) Area (Sq.km) % of Total Area

1 100-200 22205.12 6.91 2 200-300 49421.81 15.38 3 300-400 5998.09 1.87 4 400-500 4143.97 1.29 5 500-750 8440.16 2.63 6 750-1000 6208.49 1.93 7 1000-1500 9251.46 2.88 8 1500-2000 14330.58 4.46 9 2000-3000 25967.21 8.08 10 3000-4000 40641.81 12.65 11 4000-5000 75318.77 23.44 12 5000-6000 56252.13 17.51 13 >6000 3109.38 0.97

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Map 3. Elevation Zones 8 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

1.3 Climate Climate is not uniform over the Indus river basin. It varies from arctic cold in Ladakh and the perpetually snow clad peaks in parts of Himachal Pradesh to the tropical heat of the sub-montane and plain tracts of Punjab and Rajasthan. Snowfall at higher altitudes accounts for most of the river runoff.Climatically the year in the Indus Basin can be divided into three major seasons. (i) The hot weather season (April to June) (ii)The rainy Season (July to September) (iii)The cold weather season (October to March) In Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, precipitation is both in the form of rain and snow. It generally occurs in different seasons and varies inversely in intensity except in the exceptionally high zones.There is much diversification in climatic conditions due to variation in elevation and aspect. The climate of the basin is distinguished from Punjab by a shorter and less severe hot weather, a somewhat higher precipitation and colder and more prolonged winter. Punjab and Haryana enjoys a semi-arid monsoon type of climate.In part of Rajasthan of the Indus basin dust storms are common which suddenly bring down the temperature causing occasional showers in Ganganagar and Hanumangrah districts. In summer due to the increase in temperature, the atmospheric pressure falls over the heated land. The humidity also drops. The day temperature increases considerably in association with the heat waves which generally develop during the period over north India. The temperature rises as high as 47.8o C in parts of Rajasthan. The monsoon showers bring relief after the prolonged heat of the summer seasons. The cold weather starts in month of October, November is slightly cooler. December and January are markedly cold and the temperature sometimes fall below freezing point in parts of Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and even in Rajasthan. There are some winter rains during these months. Though the rainfall is not considerable, except in the hills which experience snow, it is crucial for the rabi crops. 1.3.1 Rainfall The major part of the basin receives anaverage annual rainfall of over 620.96mm. The south-west monsoon brings rains in the summer months while the winter rains are caused by the storms in Jammu & Kashmir. The annual rainfall in the plains of Punjab varies between 330 - 1190 mm. The Bikaner district of Rajasthan receives hardly maximum of 519 mm of rainfall. In Haryana the maximum rainfall of about 913 mm occurs in the foothills. In Himachal Pradesh the maximum annual rainfall varies from about 2146 -2177 mm. However, in places like Dharmsala the normal annual rainfall has reached upto2461 mm. Maximun percentage of the rainfall in the above States takesplace during the months from July to September. The south-west monsoon is the main source of precipitation in Jammu & Kashmir and Kistwar while winter precipitation is more in Ladakh, Gilgit and the higher ranges. During the winter, the snowfall is heavy on the Pir Panjal range. The months of January and February experiences theheaviest falls.The precipitation increases from the valley of Kashmir and the mountain ranges to the north and east, and it decreases rapidly eastwards to the Karakoram Range where the winter snows occur much later and the maximum is received in April. The average annual distribution of rainfall in the Indus basin is shown in Map 4.For more details refer Annexure II – A.

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Map 4. Annual average rainfall 10 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

As per the Drought prone area program of Ministry of Rural Development, in year 2002 have indentified some of the districts and their blocks and declared them as drought prone under Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP). The Indus basin has five districts which come under DPAP. In Jammu and Kashmir, two districts namely Doda (99.7 percent falls under DPAP) and Udhampur(67.01 percent falls under DPAP),whereas in Himachal Pradesh, districts namely Bilaspur(13.54 percent falls under DPAP),Solan (35.38 percent falls under DPAP), Una (98.31 percent falls under DPAP) falls under DPAP programme.

1.3.2 Temperature The Indus basin faces variability in temperature from upper portion of the basin to the lower portion of the basin. The difference may be due to variation in topography of the basin. The temperature goes below zero degree in the upper part of the Indus basin,whereas the temperature rises above 25 degree in the lower part of the basin. The analysis of temperature histogram (35 years) given in Figure 2 indicates that the monthly average maximum temperature observed in January is 15° C while in June it reaches to 34° C. Similarly, monthly average minimum temperature in August is 26° C and it dips down to 4° C in January.For more details refer Annexure II – B.

Figure 2. Monthly average temperature (1969-2004) 11 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

1.3.3 Trends and variability In Indus basin, the average annual rainfall varies at places. The highest rainfall of 1500 mm is observed in 1988 and lowest rainfall of 500 mm is observed in 1972 as per the India WRIS database for last 33 years. The histogram trend line shows that there is a marginal increase in average annual rainfall. During the monsoon months of June to September, the basin receives maximum of the annual precipitation. Figure 3 shows the trend of rainfall from 1971-2004 years.

Figure 3. Trend of monthly average rainfall (1971-2004) 1.4 Major rivers River network or drainage channels which flow from higher reaches to lower levels often following the topography and slope of the terrain. They flow towards the sea or lake waters. The network of drainage consists of rivers and streams. The Indus River rises from the lofty mountains of Himalayas around Mansarovar Lake in Tibet. The total length of Indus from origin to its outfall in Arabian Sea is 2,880 km, out of which 801 km flows through India. Its principal tributaries in India are the Jhelum, the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas and the Satluj, all joining from left. The chief right bank tributaries of the Indus are the Shyok, the Shigar and the Gilgit while the important left bank tributaries are the Astor, the Shigar (South),the Zaskar, and the Hanle.The Shyok originates from the Depsang Plain(above 5000m), flows westwards and reaching the flanks of the Karakoram Ranges takes a turn towards the South Eastern again to take a sharp bend towards the North West. After receiving the Nubra and the Daltoro as its right hand tributaries, the Shoyk meets the Indus about 40km above Skardu. The Shigar draining the melt-waters of some of the famous Karakoram glaciers join the Indus just opposite Skardu. The Gilgit takes its origin near North West boundary of Kashmir and receives Ghizar

12 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin and the Hunza as its right and left hand tributaries respectively.The Hunza originates from beyond the Karakoram Range, which it crosses after receiving Shishal as its left hand tributary. The Astor rises near Burzil Pass and flowing in the north–westerly direction drains the area lying east of the Nanga Parbat and joins the Indus a little below Bunji. The Shigar (South) drains the northen slopes of the Himadri with its tributaries, the Shiugo, Dras, Suru and Wakha. It joins Indus from opposite Marol. The Zaskar with its tribuatries Doda,Tsarap Lingti and Khurna drains the northern slopes of the Zaskar ranges and join the Indus about 40km below Leh. The Hanle, a small left hand tributary of the Indus, drains the area lying east of the lake Morarai in Rupshu and joins the Indus near Loma. The Jhelum River is known in Kashmir as Veth. It has its source in Verinag, aspring at the bottom of a high scarp of a mountain spur. At the upper end of the Kashmir Valley. The river has several tributaries in the valley.The Jhelum originating from the eastern mountains girdle of theVale of Kashmir meanders in the Vale, enters the Wular lake, leaves it near sopore and flows in a narrow gorge across the Pir Panjal from Baramula to Muzaffarabad, where it sharply turn towards the south making a typical hair-pin bend. Its main right hand tributaries area the Liddar, The Sind and the Kishan Ganga, the former two joining it in the Vale of Kashmir.The poonch is only important tributary on the left bank of the Jhelum joining it near Dhangrol in Jammu region. The Chenab River rises in two streams- the Chandra and the Bhaga in the Himalayan canton of lahul in Himachal Pradesh. The united stream known as the chandrabhaga or Chenab, flows through the Pangi valley and enters Kashmir. The Chandra Bhaga, the largest river in Himachal Pradesh is the joint stream of Chandra and the Bhaga. The two streams have their origin on the opposite sides of Bara Lacha at an elevation of 4,900m. After their confluence at Tandi, the Chandra and Bhaga flow as a joint stream (Also Known as Chenab) for 122 Km before entering Kashmir. The Chenab drains the eastern section of southern slopes of the Pir Panjal, the Jammu hills and the foot–hills plains. The main tributaries in its passage up to Kishtwar are Thirot, Shedi, Lidar and Marusudar. Among these, Marusudar is the biggest tributary which meets Chenab at Bandalkot. Between Kishtwar and Akhnoor, Chenab receives the water of Neeru, Pugal, Bagi, Bachleri, and Ana tributaries. The Tawi River originates from the Kalikundi Glaciers.Upper part of its catchment is snow fed while the lower part is predominantly rainfed. It has nine major tributaries which carry discharge mostly in monsoon period. The Ravi River rises in Bara Banghal as joint stream formed by the glacier-fed Bhadal and Tant-Gari and escapes from the area through a precipitous gorge. The Ravi reaches near the Rohtang Pass in the Kangra district and drains the southern slopes of the Dhauladhar.The length of the river is about 95 km in Himachal pradesh.The Ujh River is a tributary of Ravi. The head waters of Ujh lie in the Kailash Mountains at an altitude of 4,300 m near the Bhaderwah hills of Jammu province. The Beas River rises in the Pir Panjal range near Rohtang pass.It runs past Manali and Kulu, where its beautiful valley is known as Kulu valley.It flows from north-west path from the town of Mandi and later a westerly path, before entering the Punjab plains near Mirthal.It joins Satluj River near Harika, after being joined by a few tributaries. Fairly steep in its upper portion, it meanders lower down in a westerly course.The river flow in summer mainly consists of monsoonal run-off combined with snow-melt discharge. The Satluj River rises from the Rakas Lake, which is connected to the Manasarover Lake by a stream. It has a very long course through the mountain ranges.It flows for a distance of 676 km almost parallel to the Indus and then cut right through both Zaskar range and the Great HImalyan. It flows in a north-westernly direction and enters Himachal Pradesh at the Shipki Pass, where it is joined by Spiti river.It cut deep gorges in the ranges of the Himalayas and finally enters the Punjab plain after 13 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin cutting a gorge in a hill range, the Naina Devi Dhar, where the Bhakra Dam having a large reservoir of water, calledGobind Sagar, has been constructed. It turn west below Rupar and it later joined by the Beas. Ghaggar River rises in the Siwalik (Shivalik) Range, in northwestern Himachal Pradesh state and flows about 489 km south west through Haryana state, where it receives the Saraswati River. It eventually dries up in the Great Indian (Thar) Desert.The ghaggar contains a lot more water during the rainy season and at at that time it normally flows upto Hanumangarh, a distance of about 489 Km from the source.List of major rivers of the basin with their length and point of origin is given in Table 3.

Table 3. Length of Major Rivers Sl. No. Major Rivers Length (Km) Origin 1. Indus 801 Mansarover (Tibet) 2. Satluj 676 Rakas Lake (connected to Manasarover Lake) 3. Ghagghar 489 Rises in the Siwalik Range(In Himachal Pradesh) 4. Beas 354 Pir Panjal range near Rohtang pass 5. Shyok 281 Depsang 6. Jhelum 252 Verinag (in Jammu and Kashmir) 7. Chenab 207 Lahul(In Himachal Pradesh) 8. Gilgit 188 Near north west boundary of Kashmir 9. Tawi 133 Kali Kundi Glacier 10. Ravi 95 Bara Banghal near Rohtang pass 11. Punch 93 Western foothills of Pir Panjal range 12. Hunza 65 Beyond the karakoram Range 13. Ujh 44 Kailash mountains 1.5 Land use/land cover Land use is anthropogenic in sense that how people use that land whereas land cover is the physical coverage on earth system i.e. forest, natural waterbodies etc. There are 7 major land use/land cover classes in the basin. The maximumportion of the basin is covered with agriculture land accounting to 35.80 percent. The upper portion of the basin is covered by snow and wasteland. Nearly 15 percent of the total area of the basin is covered with forest. The commonly found forests trees include spruce, fir, deodar, pine and Sal.The landuse statistics derived for the basin is shown in Table 4. In Himachal Pradesh, forests are not uniformly distributed throughout the region and are mostly confined to higher hills and interior valleys because in the lower and more accessible areas, the forests have been cleared to make room for cultivation and settlement. The Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh part of the basin are least forested as compared to the upper part of the basin.A few stunted trees and shrubs grow on the hills and in the rainy season grass springs up. The majority part falls under the crop land and increase the scope of cultivation and habitation. The parts of Rajasthan in the basin are mostly sandy and at places bare rocks are exposed. Here the vegetal cover is very thin and only a few small trees can be observed. Large area is covered with scrubs which are thorny and have stunted growth. It is also covered with cropland area and large urban settlements.The distribution of land use / land cover in Indus basin during 2005-06 is shown in Map 5.

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Map 5. Land Use/Land Cover (2005-2006) 15 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Table 4. Land use/Land Cover statistics(2005-2006)

Sl.No. Category Area (Sq. Km) % of Total Area 1. Built Up Land 6700.63 2.09 2. Agricultural 115005.40 35.80 3. Forest 48481.44 15.09 4. Grassland 13472.88 4.19 5. Wasteland 91651.37 28.53 6. Waterbodies 5934.74 1.85 7. Snow / Glaciers 40042.54 12.46 1.6 Soils Soil is the main natural resource in the basin which supports agriculture. Variation of four important properties namely, texture, erosion, slope and productivity have been studied for the basin (Map 6, 7, 8 and 9). Map 6 shows texture of soil which is classified into 4 types namely fine, medium, coarse and rocky textures. In mountainious and snow covered areas of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh mostly soil texture is rocky. Punjab and Haryana have fine and coarsed soil which is suitable for agriculture. Jammu &Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are facing severe soil erosion.Small parts of Punjab and Haryana face moderate soil erosion due to wind and heavy rainfall. 30 percent of the basin area is under severe soil-erosion and 10 percent in under slight erosion. Soil erosion and its affected area are shown in Map 7. The upper part of the Indus basin has a very steep slope.Major portion of the basin is with moderately steep accounting to 40 percent of the area with only 10 percent of the area as nearly levelled or with gentle slope.Type of soil slope and its area is shown in Map 8. Soil productivity variation in the Indus basin is shown in Map 9.It shows that areas of Punjab and Haryana contain very productive soil with cultivation of major crops. In parts of Rajasthan due to soil erosion and lack of water availability its soil productivity is moderate and gives moderate crop production.Out of the total soil area in the basin 33 percent is highly productive soil area with only 7 percent as non-productive area.

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Map 6. Soil Texture 17 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 7. Soil Erosion 18 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 8. Soil Slope 19 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 9. Soil Productivity 20 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

1.7 Agro Climatic zones The Planning Commission after examining the earlier studies at the regionalization of the agricultural economy has recommended that agricultural planning can be done on the basis of agro-climatic regions. For resources development, the country has been broadly divided into fifteen agricultural regions based on agro-climatic features, particularly soil type, climate including temperature, rainfall,and its variation and water resources availability. Out of these fifteen agricultural regions, Indus basin has been divided into three agro-climatic regions, each one having special characteristics of its own as shown in Map 10. The main characteristics of the agro-climatic regions of the Indus basin are described below: 1. The Western Himalayan Regions: This region covers 74 percent of the total basin area and consists of two distinct sub-zones i.e. Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. The region consists of skeletal soils of cold region, podsolic mountain meadow soils and hilly brown soils. Lands of the region have steep slopes in undulating terrain. Soils are generally silty loams and these are prone to erosion hazards. The region has low land productivity compared to the other parts of the basin. The region mainly has wheat based cropping system with temperate horticulture and sheep, yak, quail, turkey, horse and mules are primary means of livelihood. 2. The Trans-Gangetic Plains region: This region holds 25 percent of the total basin area covering parts of Haryana, Punjab, Chandigarh, two districts of Rajasthan and parts of Kathua district of Jammu Kashmir. The region is rich in water and soil resources and has comparatively high land productivity level. The region has both rice and wheat based cropping system with poultry farming. Buffalo and cattle are reared as primary means of livelihood. 3. The Western Dry region: This region covers nearly 1 percent of the basin withparts of the Ganganagar districts of Rajasthan and Fatehbad district of Haryana. It is characterized by hot climate, erratic rainfall, high evaporation, scanty vegetation and fragile eco-system. The ground water is deep and often brackish. Famine and drought are common features of the region.The region mainly has coarse cereals based cropping systems with poultry farming.Cattle, goat, sheep,camel are reared as primary means of livelihood.

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Map 10. Agro climatic regions 22 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

1.8 Agro Ecological zones Depending upon the soil, bioclimatic type and physiographic situations, the country has been grouped into 20 agro-ecologicalzones. Out of twenty agro-ecological zones, the Indus basin comprises of 5 agro-ecological zones as depicted in Map 11. The main contributing agro-ecological zones of the basin are described below:

1. Warm subhumid to humid with inclusion of perhumid ecoregion with brown forest and podzolic soils zone: The maximum part (40 percent of total basin area) is covered by this zone.The region represents warm subhumid to cool humid (with inclusion of perhumid) ecosystem and is characterized by mild summer and cold winter.

2. Cold arid ecoregion with shallow skeletal soils zone: This zone covers 37 percent of the Indus basin. It represents the area of the north-western Himalayas, covering Ladakh and Gilgit districts.The region is characterized by mild summer and severe winter.The northern part remains under permanent snow cover.

3. Hot arid ecoregion with desert and saline Soil zone: This zone cover about 10 percent of the total basin area. It covers southwesternparts of Punjab and Haryana, western parts of Rajasthan.The region is characterized by typical hot summer and cool winter (arid).

4. Hot semi-arid ecoregion with alluvium-derived soils zone: This zone covers 7 percent of the total basin area. It constitutes parts of Haryana and Punjab.The climate of the region is characterized by hot and dry summer and cool winter.

5. Hot subhumid (dry) ecoregion with alluvium-derived soils zone: The zone covers about 6 percent of total basin area with parts of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh. The climate of the region is characterized by hot summer and cool winter.

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Map 11 . Agro ecological zones 24 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

1.9 Demography Demographics are the quantifiable statistics of a given population. Commonly examined demographics include total number of villages, number of households, gender, drinking water facilities. Indus basin spreads over 32 parliamentary constituencies (2009) comprising 13 of Punjab, 7 of Jammu & Kashmir, 4 each of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana, 3 of Rajasthan and 1 of Chandigarh. The total number of villages falling in the basin is 42431 with 6502018 numbers of households. The total population in this basin is 37476080. According to the census 2001, the density of population is much higher in middle region of the basin than the upper hilly region. For more details refer Annexure III – A,B. The part of Indus basin covering Jammu and Kashmir is least populated as compared to other parts, because most of its area is mountainous and unsuitable for cultivation.In Himachal Pradesh, most of the populationis confined to valleys and lower slopes of the hills and mountains. In rest of the area, the population is scattered in limited tracts of forest clearing, along rivers and roads near the towns. Punjab and Haryanaare gifted with one of the finest stock of peoples. Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Amritsar,Jalandhar, Ambala have good population concentration due to the availability of water and land for agriculture. In Ganganagar and Hanumangarh district of Rajasthan, the population concentration is less as compared to Punjab and Haryana, due to scarcity in rainfall. The district-wise population density of Indus Basin is shown in Map 12.

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Map 12. Population Density 26 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

2. Hydrological units In India-WRIS project, the country has been divided into three major Water Resource Divisions and Indus basin forms a major part of all drainage flowing into Arabian Sea division. These divisions have been further subdivided into water resources regionsbased upon draining of rivers to outlet and Indus forms the part of Rivers draining into Arabian Sea region.

2.1 Sub-basins The Indus basin is subdivided into 11 sub basins.The sub basins are Gilgit Sub-basin, Lower Indus Sub-basin, Shyok Sub-basin, Jhelum Sub-basin, Upper Indus Sub-Basin, Chenab Sub-Basin, Ravi Sub- basin, Beas Sub-basin, Satluj upper Sub-basin, Satluj lower Sub-basin, Ghaggar and other sub-basin. The percentage drainage area of different sub-basins is given in Figure 4. The description for sub- basins of Indus basin is described below: 1. Upper Indus Sub-Basin: The geographical extent of the Upper Indus sub-basin lies between 75°12' to 79° 37' East longitudes and 32° 16' to 35° 16' North latitudes of the country. The Indus River is the major tributary in the upper Indus Sub Basin.It has the total catchment area of 46450 Sq. Km.The sub basin covers parts of Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. 2. Lower Indus Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Lower Indus sub-basin lies between 73° 11’ to 76° 44’ East longitudes and 34° 42' to 36° 9' North latitudes of the country.The Indus, the Singo, The Kharache river are tributaries of the lower Indus Sub-basin.Lower Indus basin has total catchment area of 23894 Sq. Km.The sub basin covers parts of Jammu & Kashmir. 3. Satluj upper Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Satluj Upper sub-basin lies between 76° 16' to 78° 50' East longitudes and 30° 52' to 33° 9' North latitudes of the country.The Satluj River is major tributary of the Satluj sub-basin. Total catchment area of the sub basin is 21439 Sq. Km. This basin cover the most of the part of Himachal Pradesh and small portion of Jammu & Kashmir. 4. Satluj lower Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Satluj Lower sub-basin lies between 73° 11'' to 76° 57' East longitudes and 29° 19' to 31° 52' North latitudes of the country.The Satluj lower sub-basin has Satluj River, Soan River, Sirsa Riveras its major tributaries. The total catchment area of the sub-basin is 38442 Sq. Km.It covers the state of Punjab and part of Rajasthan. 5. Shyok Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Shyok sub-basin lies between 75° 59' to 79° 35' East longitudes and 32° 57' to 35° 42' North latitudes of the country. Shyok River is major tributary of the Shyok Sub basin. The total catchment area of the sub basin is 38545 Sq. Km. Leh and ladakh falls in Shyok sub basin. 6. Jhelum Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Jhelum sub-basin lies between 73° 28' to 75° 33’ East longitudes and 32° 54' to 35° 9' North latitudes of the country. JhelumRiver is the main tributary of the sub-basin. It has a total catchment area of 29200 Sq. Km.It covers part of Jammu and Kashmir. 7. Ghaggar and other sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Ghaggar and Others sub-basin lies between 72° 20' to 77° 22' East longitudes and 27° 29' to 30° 54' North latitudes of the country. The main river is Ghaggar and its tributaries are markanda, dangri.Ghaggar and other sub-basin is the largest sub-basin of Indus basin with total catchment area of 49978 Sq. Km. Ghaggar and other sub-basin cover the part of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana states. 8. Chenab Sub-Basin:The geographical extent of the Chenab sub-basin lies between 74° 2' to 77° 46’ East longitudes and 32° 0’ to 34° 15’ North latitudes of the country.The major river in 27 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

the Chenab sub-basin is Chenab and other tributaries areTawi, Miyurnalla,Chandra, Haga rivers. The total catchment area of sub-basin is 29981 Sq. Km. are covered with the sub- basin. The sub-basin covers part of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. 9. Gilgit Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Gilgit sub-basin lies between 72° 32' to 75° 44' East longitudes and 35° 39’ to 37° 6' North latitudes of the country.Gilgit sub-basin is formed by the contribution of mainly Gilgit River and Huza River. The total catchment area of the sub-basin is 27088 Sq. Km. It covers part of Jammu and Kashmir. 10. Beas Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Beas sub-basin lies between 74° 54' to 77° 51' East longitudes and 31° 7’ to 32° 33' North latitudes of the country.The major tributary of Beas Sub-Basin is Beas and its total catchment area is 19002 Sq. Km. It covers parts of Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. 11. Ravi Sub-basin: The geographical extent of the Ravi sub-basin lies between 74° 30’ to 77° 3' East longitudes and 31° 4' to 33° 2' North latitudes of the country.Ravi is one of the five rivers. It originates in the Himalayas in the Chamba district of Himachal Pradesh, following a north-westerly course and is a perennial river. It turns to the south-west, near Dalhousie, and then cuts a gorge in the Dhaola Dhar range entering the Punjab plain near Madhopur near Pathankot.The major tributaries of Ravi sub-basins are Ravi River,Barla River and Ujh river.The total catchment area of sub basin is 13710 Sq.Km. It is the smallest sub-basin and covers three states - Jammu & Kashmir,Punjab and Himachal Pradesh.

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Figure 4. Sub-basins and Percentage Drainage Area

2.2 Watersheds Hydrological unit wise assessment of water resources is a prerequisite for its proper management. Sub-basins could be sub divided into smaller hydrological units namely, watershed for water resources management at larger scale (micro level). Watershed should be delineated purely on the basis of hydrologic principles. Size of the watershed is governed by the size of stream and its boundaries. The Eleven sub-basins of Indus basin have been further divided into 497 Watersheds. These watersheds represent a different tributary system for size ranging from 318 Sq. Km. to 1495Sq. Km.with maximum number of watersheds falling in Ghaggar and other sub-basin. Number of watersheds and the size range of each watershed under eleven sub-basins are given in Table 5.

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Table 5. Sub-basin wisewatersheds Sl. Name of Sub-Basin Area Size Range of No. of No. (Sq. Km.) Watershed Watersheds (Sq. Km.) 1. Beas Sub Basin 19002.47 389 - 999 30 2. Chenab Sub Basin 29981.38 323 - 1127 48 3. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin 26235.29 207 - 1158 45 4. Gilgit Sub Basin 27088.70 340 - 1012 37 5. Jhelum Sub Basin 29200.52 320 - 1322 44 6. Lower Indus Sub Basin 23894.10 319 - 1270 31 7. Ravi Sub Basin 13710.20 390 - 1303 20 8. Shyok Sub Basin 38545.05 430 - 1374 53 9. Satluj Lower Sub Basin 38442.79 329 - 1296 58 10. Satluj Upper Sub Basin 21439.43 384 - 952 31 11. Upper Indus Sub Basin 46450.13 383 - 974 70

Map 13a,13b, 13c, 13d, 13e, 13f, 13g, 13h, 13i,13j and13k shows watershed map of Beas, Chenab, Ghaghar and others, Gilgit, Jhelum, Lower Indus, Ravi, Shyok, Satluj Lower, Satluj Upper and Upper Indus Sub Basins. The white boundary within the basin represents delineated watersheds. Each watershed is given an 8 digit alphanumeric code for identification. Each letter in the code has a description. For example if Watershed code is A01BEA01, the first alphabet (A01BEA01) stands for the Water resource region (India-WRIS). Following 2 digits represents basin code (A01BEA01). Next three letters (A01BEA01) represents sub basin name which is followed by watershed number (A01BEA01).

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Map 13a. Beas Sub-basin and watersheds 31 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13b. Chenab Sub-basin and watersheds 32 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13c. Ghaghar Sub-basin and watersheds 33 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13d. Gilgit Sub-basin and watersheds 34 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13e. Jhelum Sub-basin and watersheds 35 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13f. Indus Lower Sub-basin and watersheds 36 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13g. Ravi Sub-basin andwatersheds 37 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13h. Shyok Sub-basin and watersheds 38 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13i. Satluj Lower Sub-basin and watersheds 39 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13j. Satluj Upper Sub-basin and watersheds 40 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 13k. Indus Upper Sub-basin and watersheds 41 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

3. Surface water resources

Surface water is water in a river, lake or fresh water wetland. Surface water is naturally replenished by precipitation and naturally lost through discharge to the oceans, evaporation, evapotranspiration and sub-surface seepage. The rainfall, subsurface flows and snow melt from glaciers are the main sources of water in river Indus. The average water resource potential of Indus basin is 73310 MCM. According to the assessment, the total utilizable surface water resource in the basin is 46000 MCM.

3.1 Surface waterbodies Surface water bodies have traditionally played an important role in the lives of common people in India by way of irrigation, drinking water supply, ecology, tourism and domestic uses. The river flows are comprised of glacier melt, snowmelt, rainfall and runoff. The glaciers serve as natural storage reservoirs that provide perennial supplies to the Indus River and some of its tributaries. The Indus river system forms a link between two large natural reservoirs, the snow and glaciers in the mountains. There are a total of 8554 surface water bodies in the Indus basin. Tanks are the most predominant with 5972 in number and forms about 69.86 percent of the total surface Waterbodies in the basin.Other classes of waterbodies include Lakes/ponds, reservoirs, cooling ponds, lagoons as shown in Figure 5. Most of the water bodies have a size range of 0-25 ha.Seven water bodies have a size range larger than 2500 ha.The number and size of the Waterbodies is given in Table 6.It is observed that there is sufficient number of ponds in the basin followed by lakes which is generally used for fish cultivation, water plant harvesting and as tourist spots. The state of Jammu and Kashmir is endowed with major and most popular lakes.Some of the lakes are Pangong Tso, WularLake, Dal Lake, ManasbalLake, GangabalLake etc. Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lake in Asia and is fed by the Jhelum River.Himachal Pradesh is mainly known for the large number of reservoirs and is the place of origin for many rivers and their tributaries. Some of the reservoirs are Pong, Bhakra, Chamera, Nathpa Jhakri, Nangal, Pandoh etc.The other surface waterbodies in the state are tanks and ponds. Punjab and Haryana states of the basin mainly consist of tanks and small ponds.

Table 6. Number and size of Waterbodies. Sl. No. Size Range (ha) No. of Waterbodies

1. 0 - 25 8460 2. 25 - 50 42 3. 50 - 100 21 4. 100 - 250 13 5. 250 - 500 4 6. 500 - 1000 4 7. 1000 - 2500 3 8. More than 2500 7

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7000 5972 6000

5000

4000

3000 2527

2000

Waterbodies of Number 1000 45 4 1 0 Tanks Lakes/Pond Reservoir Cooling pond Lagoon Type of Waterbodies Figure 5. Type and number ofwaterbodies

3.2 Water resource projects Water resources projects are planned for various purposes like irrigation, hydro-power generation, water supply for drinking and industrial purpose, flood control navigation etc. Projects which serve more than one purpose are called as multipurpose projects. Generally majority of multipurpose projects are combination of irrigation and hydro-power. For the utilization of water resources of the Satluj,the Beas and the Ravi,multi purpose projects such as Bhakra Nangal, Pong Pandoh and Ranjit Sagar have been constructed.In the Indus basin there are number of water resource projects, some of them are completed and some are on-going projects. The live storage capacity of the completed projects is 16285.9 MCM whereas the live storage capacity of under construction project is 282.53 MCM. The total live storage capacity of the basin including completed and under construction projects is 16568.43 MCM.Some of the major water resource projects covering all states of the Indus basin are Beas Unit-I Project (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan), Beas Unit-II Project (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan), Shahnahar Project (Punjab,Himachal Pradesh), Upper Bari Doab Project I & II-(UBDC) including remodelling (Punjab),ShahpurKandi Irr. Project (Jammu &Kashmir), Bhakra Nangal Project (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan), Sirhind Canal Irr. Project (Punjab), Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna (IGNP) Stage-I (Rajasthan),Indira Gandhi Nahar Pariyojna (IGNP) Stage-II (Rajasthan), Eastern Canal Project (Punjab), Gang Canal/ Bikaner Canal (Rajasthan), Mukerian (I,II,III,IV) HE Project (Punjab).

3.2.1 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects On the basis of the area irrigated by the water resource projects, the projects are divided into major and medium irrigation projects. In Indus basin there are totalof 70 Major and medium irrigation projects, out of which 30 are major irrigation projects and 40, are medium irrigation projects. Among these irrigation project 49 projects are completed and 21 are ongoing projects. Some of the projects are shared between the states and basins as well.

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Jammu and Kashmir has 35 major and medium irrigation projects. Some of the main projects are Ranjit Sagar Dam Major Irrigation Project, Ranbir Canal Major Irrigation Project, Dab Canal Medium Irrigation Project etc.Himachal Pradesh has total 7 major and medium projects. One of the majorproject going in Himachal Pradesh is Shahnehar major irrigation project and other are medium irrigation projects. Punjab which has 17 major and medium irrigation projects. Some of them are Bhakra Nangal (includes Bhakra main Line canal and Bist Doab Canal), Eastern Canal Major Irrigation Project,Sirhind Canal Major Irrigation Project,Sirhind Feeder Major Irrigation Project,Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) Major Irrigation Project,Shahnahar Canal Remodelling its Extension & Kandi Canal Major Irrigation Project,Harike Major Irrigation Project ,Satluj Yamuna Link Part - III Major Irrigation Project,Beas Unit - II (Pong Dam) Major Irrigation Project,Beas Unit - I (Beas Satluj Link) Major Irrigation Project,Shahpur Kandi Dam Project Major Irrigation Project,Makhu Canal Major Irrigation Project etc. Haryana shares the part of major irrigation project from Punjab like Bhakra Nangal Major Irrigation Project, Beas Unit - I & Unit - II Major Irrigation Project etc. To provide the water for drinking and irrigation purpose, some of the irrigation projects are extended upto Rajasthan. These projects are Beas Unit I & II Major Irrigation Project, Bhakra Canal/ Bhakra Nangal Major Irrigation Project, Nohar Major Irrigation Project,Gang Canal Major Irrigation Project,IGNP Stage - I Major Irrigation Project,IGNP Stage - II (Rajasthan Canal Stage - II) Major Irrigation Project and Sidhmukh Major Irrigation Project.The list of type and number of projects are given in Table 7.For more details refer Annexure I V - C. There are 21 Extension, Renovation and Modernisation projects and 45 Lift Irrigation schemes present in the Indus basin. ERM projects in the basin namely benefit districts like Jammu, Baramulla, Budgam, Anantnag, Kathua, Hoshiarpur, Nawanshahr,Sri Ganganagar, Bikaner and Hanumangarh. For details refer Annexure IV - D,E.

Table 7. Number of Water Resource Projects. Sl. No. Type of Projects Number of Projects

1. Major Irrigation Projects 30 2. Medium Irrigation Projects 40 3. ERM Projects 21 4. Hydro-Electric Projects 55

3.2.2 Hydroelectric Projects

As per India-WRIS database, Indus basin has 55 hydro-electric projects and 59 powerhouses. Some major hydroelectric projects with their installed capacity are described below.

Baglihar Stage-I Hydroelectric project: It isconstructed on Chenab River and has a total installed of 450 MW. Chamera Hydroelectric project: It is situated in Himachal Pradesh with a total install capcity of 540 MW. Nathpa JhakriHydroelectric project: It is situated in Himachal Pradesh with a total install capcity of 1500 MW. The project is still under construction. Other Hydroelectric projects are Uri-I Hydroelectric Project, Salal - I & II Hydroelectric Project, Sewa- II Hydroelectric Project. There are 25 hydroelectric projects in Himachal Pradesh. Jammu and Kashmir is also good in number of hydroelectric projects.

44 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

3.2.3 Dams, Barrages/Weirs/Anicuts

Water resources structures are manmade structures and play a vital role to store the water for hydropower, irrigation, drinking water supply etc. A large number of dams, barrages, weirs, and river-interlinks and distributaries have been constructed on Indus River with massive investment. There are total 115 water resource assets in Indus Basin. The basin is rich in number of Lifts. The basin has total 39 dams, 13 barrages and 18 weirs. About 48.72 percent of the total dams are used forhydroelectric purpose.Other dams are used for flood control and irrigation purpose. Some of the major dams and barrages of the basin are Bhakra Nangal, Nathapa Jhakri dams and Harrike Barrage on the Satluj river, Pandoh, Pong andChamera-I dams on the Beas river, Baglihar is situated on the Chenab river, Thein Dam, Shahpurkandi Dam on Ravi River. The spatial location of the major water resource structure and projects of the Indus basin are shown in Map 14. The sub basin wise distribution of the projects is required for the development purpose in the complete basin. Beas sub basin has the maximum number of dams accounting to 11 dams as compared to other sub basins. Satluj Lower sub basin contains maximum number of 4 barrages. Gilgit Sub Basin is the only sub basin with no water resources structures. The complete division of dams, barrage and weirs and other water resource structure of the sub basins are given in Table 8.

Table 8.Sub-basin wise number and type of water resource structures

Sl. No. Sub Basin Dams Barrages Weirs Anicuts Lifts Power House 1. Beas Sub Basin 11 2 5 0 4 16 2. Upper Indus Sub Basin 1 2 3 0 0 4 3. Satluj Upper Sub Basin 4 1 2 0 0 10 4. Satluj Lower Sub Basin 7 4 0 0 3 6 5. Shyok Sub Basin 0 0 0 0 0 0 6. Ravi Sub Basin 7 3 1 0 2 9 7. Lower Indus Sub Basin 0 0 0 0 0 0 8. Jhelum Sub Basin 3 1 5 0 26 8 9. Gilgit Sub Basin 0 0 0 0 0 0 10. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin 2 0 0 0 5 0 11. Chenab Sub Basin 4 0 2 0 5 6

The majority of dams are having a storage capacity of 0-25 MCM. There are three Dams with storage capacity more than 500 MCM. The Bhakra Dam in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh has the largest gross storage capacity of 9340MCM. The Pakal Dul dam located at Kishtwar district of Jammu and Kashmir has the least gross storage capacity of about 0.13 MCM. Figure 6 shows the classification of dams based on its storage.For more details refer Annexure IV – A,B.

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25 23

10 Number of Dams of Number 5 3 3 2 1 0 0-25 25-50 50-100 250-500 More than 500 Gross Storage (MCM)

Figure 6. Dam classification based on storage

The water resource assets especially dams are used for varied purpose likehydroelectric, Flood Control, Irrigation and Water Supply in Indus Basin. Around 25 dams, accounting to 48.72 percent of total water resource assets of Indus basin are used for the purpose of hydroelectric generation.Only 13 dams are used for flood control in the basin and 19 dams are used for irrigation along with other usage. Further number of the dams in the basin based on purpose is shown in Figure 7.

20 19 HE – Hydrolectric 18 FC – Flood Control 16 IR – Irrigation

14 12 WS – Water Supply 12 RE – Recreation 10

Number of Dams of Number 6 4 4

2 1 1 1 1

0 HE FC,IR HE,IR HE,IR,RE WS IR FC,HE,IR Purpose of Dam

Figure 7. Dam classification based on purpose

46 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 14. Major water resources structures and projects 47 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

The Indus basin comprises 11 sub-basins among these three sub-basin do not contain water resources assets due to their typical geographical and topographical conditions,these are Gilgit sub- basin,Lower Indus sub-basin,Shyok sub-basin.Other sub-basins are described below with their water resource assets availability. Beas Sub-basin: Due to presence of good number of drainage and due to its terrain, maximum number of Dams and Powerhouse of the Indus basin fall in Beas sub-basin. There are 11 Dams and 16 powerhouses, out of which 7 dams are in Himachal Pradesh and 4 dams are in Punjab. The largest surface water body which falls in the sub-basin is Pong reservoir on Beas River in Himachal Pradesh.Pong Dam is a major existing project in the valley. As per the India-WRIS database,the dams which are situated in Himachal Pradesh part of the sub basin are Pong Dam (Kangra District on Beas River),Malana I Dam (Kullu District on Ravi River),Bassi Dam (Mandi District on Ravi River),Parbati II Dam (Kullu District on Parbati River), Parbati - III Dam (on Sainj),Largi Dam(Mandi District on Ravi River),Pandoh Dam(Mandi District on Ravi River).Other dams present in Punjab area of the sub-basin are Janauri Dam(Hoshiarpur District on Janauri Khad),Dholbaha Dam (Hoshiarpur District on Dholbaha Khad River), Sal Dam (Hoshiarpur District on Damsal River)and Thana Dam (Hoshiarpur District on KhwajaRiver). There are 2 barrages and 5 weirs in this sub-basin.The 2 barrages in the sub-basin are: Uhl Barrage in Himachal Pradesh and Shahnahar Barrage in Punjab. All the 5 weirs are present in Himachal Pradesh, namely Baner Weir, Binwa Weir, Gaj Weir, Uhl Weir,Lambadug Weir. There are 4 lift irrigations, all in Himachal Pradesh.These are Balh Lift Irrigation Scheme Riggar – II, Balh Lift Baggi, Balh Lift Dan I,Balh Lift Irrigation Scheme – I. The spatial distribution of water resource asset in Beas sub-basin is shown in Map 15a. Chenab Sub-basin: Chenab sub-basin has good number of drainage flowing in it. Chenab sub-basin consists of 4 dams, 2 weirs, 5 lift irrigation schemes and 6 powerhouses. Chenab Main River is playing a great role in the sub-basin. The three important dams on Chenab are namely Salal (Rockfill and Concrete) Dam, Dulhasti Dam, and Baglihar Dam.One dam is constructed on Marusudar river. Two weir of the sub-basin are Kandi Weir and Chenani Weir (on River Tawi) in Jammu and Kashmir. Lift irrigation schemes running in Jammu and Kashmir part of sub-basin are Rajal Lift Irrigation Scheme, Ranjan Lift Irrigation Scheme, Tawi Lift Irrigation Scheme, Ambaran Lift Irrigation Scheme and Raya Lift Irrigation Scheme (Subsidiary Tawi Lift). Ranbir Canal in Chenab is an important irrigation project which has culturable command area of 38.68 Th ha.The spatial distributions of water resource assets in Chenab sub-basin is shown in Map 15b. Ghagar and others Sub-basin: Ghagar sub-baisn consists of only 2 dams and 5 lift irrigation schemes. 2 dams are situated in shahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar district of Punjab namely Perch Dam and Jainti Dam. This Sub-basin contains only one lift irrigation scheme running in different phases in part of Haryana i.e Naggal Lift Irrigation Scheme Phase-I,II,III,IV,V.The spatial distribution of water resource asset in Ghagar and other sub-basin is shown in Map 15c. Jhelum Sub-Basin: Jhelum sub-basin is situated in high elevation area due to which lift irrigation is used. There are total 26 lift irrigation lift schemes which are running in different stages in Jammu and Kashmir part of the sub-basin.These are namely Dawlet Khul Lift Irrigation Scheme,Durpora Sirhama Lift Irrigation Scheme, Budroo Lift Irrigation Scheme,Khiram Lift Irrigation Scheme,Koil Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - I ,II and III, Lethpora Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - I ,II and III, Marval Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage – I ,II,III and IV,Rafiabad High Lift Irrigation Scheme (Tragpora), Rafiabad Low Lift Irrigation Scheme (Ferozpora),Rajpora Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage – I and II,Tral Lift Irrigation Scheme - Stage – I,II and III,Rawoocha Lift Irrigation Scheme,Viel Nagbal Lift Irrigation Scheme, Choorven Low Lift Irrigation Scheme,Rohama Lift Irrigation Scheme.

48 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

There is only one Uri Barrage. It also has 5 weirs and 8 powerhouses. The weirs are: Ganderbal Weir,Lower Jhelum Weir,Sumbal /Upper Sindh - II Weir,Wangath /Upper Sindh - II Weir, Upper Sindh - I Weir. The three dams which are constructed in Jammu and Kashmir part of the sub-basin are Uri-II Dam, Kishenganga Dam and Niu Karewa Storage Yusmarg Dam.The spatial distribution of water resource asset in Jhelum sub-basin is shown in Map 15d. Ravi sub-basin: Ravi sub-basin has fair number of water resource assets and large Waterbodies as compared to other sub-basins. There are 7 dams,3 barrages,1 weir, 2 lift irrigation schemes and 9 power houses. Himachal Pradesh has got 4 dams namely Baira Siul Dam, Chemera I Dam, Chemera II Dam, Chemera III Dam.All are on river Ravi and comes in Chamba district. Two damsnamely Sewa St II Dam on Sewa River, Ranjit Sagar Dam on Ravi river fall in Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir.TheShahpur Kandi Dam on Ravi river comes in Gurdaspur district of Punjab.Ujh Level Crossing Barrage (Ujh River) and Sewa - III Barrage (Ravi River) are constructed in Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir.Madhopur Barrage lying on Ravi river is situated in Gurdaspur district of Punjab. Siul Weir on Baira river is situated in Himachal Pradesh. Two lift irrigation schemes running in Jammu and Kashmir part of sub-basin are Lakhanpur Lift Irrigation Scheme and Basantpur Lift Irrigation Scheme.The spatial distribution of water resource assets in Ravi sub-basin is shown in Map 15e. Satluj Lower sub-basin: Satluj lower sub-basin has also got fair number of dams. There are 7 dams, 4 barrages, 3 lift irrigation schemes and 6 powerhouses. Satluj lower sub-basin contains one of the largest dam i.e Bhakra Dam on Satluj river in Bilaspur district of Himachal Pradesh. Other dams which are falling in are namely Maili Dam (Maili Choe in Hoshiarpur), Chohal Dam (Chohal Choe in Hoshiarpur), Saleran Dam (Saleran KhadChoe in Hoshiarpur), Mirzapur Dam (Budki Khad in Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar), Siswan Dam (Siswan Khad in Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar) and Patiari Dam (Patiari in Hoshiarpur).All barrages are constructed on Satluj river,Harike Barrage and Ferozepur Barrage are situated in Firozpur district, whereas Nangal Barrage and Ropar Barrage are situated in Rupnagar district of Punjab.Three lift irrigation schemes are running in Himachal Pradesh namely Changer Lift Irrigation Scheme Zone – IA, Bhabour Sahib Lift Irrigation Scheme Phase I (Bangarh) Ph – I and Bhabour Sahib Lift Irrigation Scheme - II – IA.The spatial distribution of water resource assets in Satluj lower sub-basin is shown in Map 15f. Satluj Upper sub-basin: Satluj upper sub-basin contains 4 dams, 1 barrage, 2 weirs and 10 powerhouses.Currently there is no lift irrigation scemes present in this sub-basin.All dams are situated in himachal Pradesh, three dams are constructed on Ravi river in Kinnaur district namely Nathpa Jhakri (Sjvnl) Dam,Karchham-Wangtoo Dam,Karcham (Jaypee) Dam and one dam is constructed on Satluj river in Bilaspur district. Baspa barrage (on Baspa) and Sanjay Bhabha Weir (Bhabha) are situated in Kinnaur district. Ghanvi weir is situated in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh. The spatial distribution of water resource assets in Satluj Upper sub-basin is shown in Map 15g. Upper Indus sub-basin: Upper Indus sub-basin is lacking in term of water resource assets, it is generally mountainous and snow fed area. There are 1 dam, 2 barrages, 3 weirs and 4 powerhouses in the sub-basin. One dam constructed on Indus is Nimoo Bazgo Dam situated in Leh(Ladakh) part of Jammu and Kashmir.Stakna Barrage and Igo-Phey Weir are constructed on Indus river where as Chutak Barrage and Parchick Kawas Weir are constructed on Suru river and Kargil barrage is constructed on Wakharong river in parts of Jammu and Kashmir. The spatial distribution of water resource assets in Satluj Upper sub-basin is shown in Map 15h.

49 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15a. Beas Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 50 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15b. Chenab Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 51 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15c. Ghagghar and others Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 52 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15d. Jhelum Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 53 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15e. Ravi Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 54 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15f. Satluj Lower Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 55 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15g. Satluj Upper Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 56 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 15h. Upper Indus Sub Basin – Water Resources Assets 57 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

3.2.4 Command Area and Canal Network Canals are man-made channels for conveyance of water. When the water is to be transported across landscape to deliver the water to the respective command areas by canal network, construction of various irrigation structures are necessary to negotiate terrain including drains, road, rail lines. Important Irrigation structures are Regulators, Bridge, Aqueduct / Syphon Aqueduct, Super passage / Syphon, Level crossing / Inlets and Outlets, and Other Cross drainage Structures. Irrigation has been practiced in the basin from historic times. River water in the Indus system is diverted by barrages and weirs into main canals and subsequently branch canals, distributaries and minors. The flow to the farm is delivered by watercourses, which are supplied through outlets from the distributaries and minors. A study was carried out jointly by CWC & ISRO to assess the existing status of the irrigation commands. IRS P4 LISS III data of two different seasons namely, pre monsoon (2005) and post monsoon (2004) were used for delineation of waterlogged and salt affected areas of major and medium irrigation commands of Indus basin.Total waterlogged area within these occupies 41,274.60 ha whereas salt affected area has been extended to 138,606.47 ha. According to India WRIS database, Indus basin has about 18 major command areas and about 43 medium command areas.The Command area and Canal Network of Indus basin is shown in Map 16. The Major Commands covering the basin are Bhakra Canal(Haryana and Rajasthan), Bist Doab Canal System(Punjab), Bml System (Punjab), Gang Canal (Rajasthan), Eastern Canal System (Punjab), Shahnehar Irrigation Project (Himachal Pradesh), Sirhind Canal System (Punjab), Sirhind Feeder System (Punjab), Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) System(Punjab), Yamuna canal command system (Haryana). Description of some major projects is given below: Indira Gandhi Nahar Project (IGNP): IGNP is a gignatic canal project to carry 524 cumec water from the Harike Barrage in a 204 Km long feeder canal in Punjab, to the vast Greater Indian Desert known as the Thar Desert, in Western Rajasthan. The canal network is spread in an area of about 60 km wide and 1,000 km long belt. It consists of feeder of 204 km, main canal of 450 Km, 8000 km of distribution networks and several thousand km of lined water courses. It spreads over a gross command area of 2.5 Mha and provide irrigation to a culturable command of 1.55 Mha. The Gang Canal/Bikaner: It was constructed as a part of the Satluj Valley Project which was undertaken jointly by the Govt. of Punjab, Bhawalpur and Bikaner. After the construction of Bikaner Canal, it is also known as Bikaner Canal. Later two more non-perennial channels were added to fulfill the water supply during Kharif period. The Bikaner Canal is getting supplies partially through Ferozepur Headworks and through Ferozpur Feeder. Bhakra Main Line Canal (BML) System:The Bhakra Main Line Canal is an extension of Nangal Hydel Channel. The authorized capacity of Nangal Hydel Channel which offtakes from Nangal Barrage downstream of Bhakra Dam is 12500 Cs. The Bhakra Main Line has a length of about 164Km, out of which 159 Km falls in Punjab Territory and the balance is in Haryana. It is an inter-state channel which supplies water for irrigation and drinking purposes to Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. The drinking water supplies are also made to Chandigarh and Delhi through the B.M.L Canal. Bist Doab Canal system : The Bist Doab Canal off takes from the right bank of river Satluj upstream of Ropar headwork. The Bist Doab Canal system, is spread over a length of 805 Km. The canal has an authorized capacity of 1452 Cs. with a culturable command area of 1.99 lac ha. Upper Bari Doab Canal (UBDC) system : A barrage was constructed at Madhopur after the weir type structure got damaged in the flood of 1955 and the UBDC system which off-takes from Madhopur

58 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Headworks, was further developed by including additional areas. The UBDC system was remodeled during 2001-2005, to ensure full utilization of stored waters of river Ravi, as a result of commissioning of Ranjit Sagar Dam. The UBDC presently, has an authorized discharge of 9000 Cs. Seven main / branch canals off take from UBDC with 247 distributaries and minors, off taking from these main branch canals. The UBDC system is spread over a length of 3119 Km, having a culturable command area of 5.73 lakh ha. Eastern Canal system: Eastern Canal system is a non-perennial system. It is used to off take from Hussainiwala Headworks. However, after the construction of Harike Headworks, the supply of water to Eastern canal system and Bikaner Canal has been switched over to Harike Headworks, except for a portion of Eastern canal running in a length of about 8.02 Kms which receives water supply from Hussainiwala Headworks for feeding 7 distribution and 8 minors. The authorised discharge of Eastern Canal system is 3197 Cs, which has culturable command area of 2.16 lakh haand runs in a length of 856 Km. Shahnehar Canal System: Shahnehar Headwork was constructed downstream of Pong Dam on river Beas. Mukerian Hydel Channel off takes from this headworks. Four power houses having a total installed capacity of 207 MW have been constructed. Sirhind Canal System: The Sirhind Canal system is about 150 years old. The Sirhind Canal which offtakes from Ropar headwork has an authorized capacity of 12620 Cs with a culturable command area of 13.59 lakh ha. The Sirhind Canal and its distribution network are spread over a length of 3215Km. Sirhind Feeder System: The Sirhind Feeder off takes from Ferozepur Feeder. It has a length of about 136.50 Km. It has an authorized capacity of 5264Cs and having a culturable command area of 3.6 lakh ha.

59 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 16. Command Area and Canal network 60 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

3.2.5 Multipurpose Projects

Bhakra multipurpose project and Giri multipurpose project are multipurpose project in the Indus basin. Giri multi purpose project is consist of Giri Medium Irrigation projects and Giri Hydroelectric projects. Bhakra multipurpose project is serving for Irrigation, Hydroelectric purposes. The associated projects with the main project are as follows: I. Bhakra Canal/ Bhakra Nangal Major Irrigation Project,Rajasthan II. Nohar Major Irrigation Project III. Sidhmukh Major Irrigation Project IV. Bhakra Hydroelectric Project V. Ganguwal & Kotla Hydroelectric Project VI. Bhabour Sahib - II Medium Irrigation Project VII. Bhabour Sahib Phase - I Medium Irrigation Project VIII. Bhakra Nangal (includes Bhakra main Line canal and Bist DoabCanal),Punjab IX. Nagal Lift Irrigation Project X. Sirhind Canal Major Irrigation Project XI. Loharu Lift Irrigation Project XII. Bhakra Nangal Major Irrigation Project,Haryana

3.2.6 Interstate Projects

There are seven interstate projects present in the Indus basin. List of the projects with their sharing states and types are given below in Table 9. Table 7. List of Interstate Water Resource Projects. Sl.No. Name States Sharing Type

1. Beas Unit-I & II Irrigation Rajasthan, Haryana, Cost Project Punjab 2. Bhakra Nangal Irrigation Rajasthan, Haryana, Cost, Benefits Project Punjab 3. Ranjit Sagar Dam Jammu and Kashmir, Cost Irrigation Project Punjab 4. Ranjit Sagar Himachal Pradesh, Power Hydroelectric Project Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab 5. Shahnahar Irrigation Himachal Pradesh, Cost , Benefits Project Punjab 6. Shanan Hydroelectric Himachal Pradesh, Power Project Punjab 7. Sutlej Yamuna Link Haryana, Punjab Cost , Benefits Irrigation Project

61 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

4. Ground Water Resources

Ground water is an essential and vital component of our life support system.Sub-surface water, or groundwater, is fresh water located in the pore space of soil and rocks. It is also water that is flowing within aquifers below the water table. Behaviour of ground water in the Indian sub-continent is highly complicated due to the occurrence of diversified geological formations with considerable lithological and chronological variations, complex tectonic framework, climatological dissimilarities and various hydrochemical conditions. The ground water resources are being utilized for drinking, irrigation and industrial purposes. The important attributes of ground water regime monitoring are ground water level and its fluctuation due to draft and recharge and wells lithology. The ground water monitoring network stations records the response of ground water regime to the natural and anthropogenic stresses of recharge and discharge parameters with reference to geology, climate, physiography, land use pattern and hydrologic characteristics. The natural conditions affecting the regime involve climatic parameters like rainfall, evapotranspiration etc., whereas anthropogenic influences include pumpage from the aquifer, recharge due to irrigation systems and other practices like waste disposal etc.

4.1 Ground Water Observation Wells The Indus basin has about 1154 ground water observation wells. Sub Basin wise number of ground water observation wells is given in Table 10. Mostly the lower portion of the basin is covered with the ground water observation wells.The spatial distribution of the observation wells is shown in Map 17. Around 435 ground water observation wells are observed in Ghaghar sub-basins.Satluj Lower Sub-basin has 383 wells. Due to hilly terrain Gilgit,Upper Indus, Lower Indus sub-basin do not have any ground water observation wells.These wells show four seasonal water level data viz., pre- monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and post-monsoon (rabi). The greater part of the Indus basin is occupied by Newar alluvial deposits which attain considerable thickness. However, most of the irrigation tube wells are sunk to the land surface. The ground water levels in this basin indicate that, by and large, the alluvium down to a depth is sandy. The sand beds are sources of large supplies of ground water. In the areas bordering the Himalayan foothills and around Ambala the sediments are predominantly clayey. Though moderate supplies of ground water are obtainable from these areas, they are not considered suitable for heavy duty irrigation tube wells. In Kashmir, the valley-fill is composed of the pleistocene karewa formation overlain partly by the recent alluvium of the Jhelum. The nature, extent and thickness of these alluvial sediments afford favorable conditions for the development of ground water. Numerous natural springs occur as a result of effluent seepage of ground water in the fringes of the alluvial tract towards the encircling mountain ranges. In Himachal Pradesh, areas where open percolation wells can be successfully installed are extremely scarce. Such wells have primarily been dug for drinking purposes, but they can afford irrigation to small plots of land especially in the low hill zones. Punjab possesses large resources of underground water suitable for irrigation, except in some areas like the district of Bhatinda and some parts of the Ferozpur and Amritsar districts where the sub-soil water is saline. Due to the presence of alluvium, a large scale programme for tube well/pumping sets installation can be undertaken without any risk of overdraft on the aquifers which will get augmented from the perennial rivers passing through the State as well as recharge from rainfall and canals etc.

62 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Table 8. Sub-basin wise number of ground water observation wells Sl. No. Sub Basin No. of Observation Wells 1. Beas Sub Basin 105 2. Chenab Sub Basin 113 3. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin 435 4. Gilgit Sub Basin 0 5. Jhelum Sub Basin 3 6. Lower Indus Sub Basin 0 7. Ravi Sub Basin 114 8. Shyok Sub Basin 1 9. Satluj Lower Sub Basin 383 10. Satluj Upper Sub Basin 0 11. Upper Indus Sub Basin 0

63 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 17. Location of Ground water observation wells 64 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

4.2 Ground water level fluctuation The occurrence of ground water generally depends upon the rainfall, drainage, topography and the geological conditions of the area. Groundwater recharge is estimated bythe difference betweenpre and post monsoon seasons. Similarly, groundwater draft is estimated by the difference between post-monsoon and post-monsoon (rabi) seasons data.As per India-WRIS database there are 833CGWB sites in Indus basin that has pre and post monsoon data. The pre monsoon data indicates that in major parts of north-western states, depth to water level generally ranges from 10-40 m bgl.Based on pre and post monsoon data two interpolated maps, the ground water level fluctuation maps (recharge)-2011 and ground water level fluctuation maps (draft)-2011 are generatedusing inverse distance weighted interpolation technique. The ground water level fluctuation (Due to recharge)-2011 is shown in Map 18.It is seen that the major part of the basin is mainly covered by hilly/ mountainous areas and has no appreciable ground water potential other than the Punjab,Haryana and two districts of Rajasthan falling in Indus basin.In general there is a rise of ground water recharge in the basin.In 2011, analysis of Water level fluctuation due to recharge shows that in general there is a rise in water level in entire state.Most of the parts of the Punjab are showing rise in the water level between 2-4 m below ground level. Less than 2 m fall was observed in Sangrur, Moga, Jalandhar and parts of Bhatinda,Muktsar and Amritsar districts. The severe fall, greater than 4m was observed in Firozpur district. In Chandigarh there is a fall of less than 2m in ground water level. In Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh the majority portion does not contain appreciable data, yet Kathua district of Jammu and Kashmir and Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh shows rise of greater than 4m in ground water level due to recharge. In Hanumangarh district ofRajasthan there is rise in ground water level whereas in part of Ganganagar district the water level is noted with a fall greater than 4m.Haryana has shown a varied pattern in the water level fluctuation due to recharge by both rise and fall in the level. The ground water level fluctuation (Due to draft)-2011 is shown in Map 19. It shows that there is a rise of ground water level due to draft in the basin other than few parts where fall in ground water level is also observed. Most of the parts of the Punjab are showing rise in the water level between 2- 4 m below ground level. In Ludhiana a rise of 4 m is seen in ground water level more than. A fall of less than 2 m was observed in parts of Bhatinda, Patiala, Rupnagar, Hoshiarpur districts. The rise in ground water level, greater than 4m was observed in Firozpur district. It is observed that in Chandigarh there is rise less than 2m in ground water level. In Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh the majority portion do not contain appreciable data, yet in parts of Kathua, Jammu district of Jammu and Kashmir and Kangra, Una district of Himachal Pradesh shows fall less than 2m in ground water level due to draft.The Rajasthan and Haryana have shown a varied pattern in the water level fluctuation due to draft by both rise and fall in the level.

65 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 18. Ground water level Fluctuation (Recharge) 66 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Map 19. Ground water level Fluctuation (Draft) 67 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

4.3 Litholog well locations An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt) from which groundwater can be extracted using a water well. Related terms include aquitard, which is a bed of low permeability along an aquifer and aquiclude (or aquifuge), which is a solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer. If the impermeable area overlies the aquifer, pressure could cause it to become a confined aquifer. Aquifers may occur at various depths. Those closer to the surface are not only more likely to be used for water supply and irrigation, but are also more likely to be topped up by the local rainfall. Many desert areas have limestone hills or mountains within them or close to them that can be exploited as groundwater resources. The major lithology found in Indus basin is type of Alluvium, Sand clay kankar and Gravel. Indus basin consists of 182 well locations for aquifer and lithological studies.As per the India-WRIS database there are 155 exploratory wells, 26 observatory wells including 1 Peizometer well in the basin.Punjab has maximum number of litholog observatory wells. Static water level varies from 0.17-178m. The drilling depth of the wells ranges between 28-562.97 m in the basin. Major rock group found in Indus basin isUn-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent).Spatial distribution of litholog well locations is shown in Map 20.For more details refer Annexure V

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Map 20. Litholog well locations 69 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

5. Hydro-met observations

Hydro-meteorological observations in the basin are carried out by the Central and State Governments. The hydrological and meteorological parameters of three main organizations, Central Water Commission (CWC), India Meteorological Department (IMD) and ISRO (Automatic Weather Stations) are incorporated in India-WRIS database.CWC has contributed substantially in the collection of hydrological data all over the country.India Meteorological Department (IMD) divides the country into various meteorological sub divisionsand has 1025 stations all over India having data of monthly average precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, average annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration for last 10 years.In India-WRIS distribution of Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) maintained by ISRO are also included. The details of these data in the Indus basin is described in the below sub sections.

5.1 Hydrological Observation Sites Hydrological observation sites carry out observations about various hydrological parameters as gauge (river water level), discharge (amount of water released from a cross section in the river in a given time period), sediment (concentration of solid particles in water) and river water quality pertaining to different quality parameters. CWC has contributed substantially in the collection of hydrological data all over the country. There are total 26 hydro-observation stations in Indus Basin. These stations are categorized as ‘GDSQ’, where the abbreviation stands as: G-Gauge, D-Discharge, S-Sediment and Q-Water Quality. RF stands for rainfall measuring station. Indus basin has four Snow observation stations. The hydro observation sites are mostly spread in two states, 13 stations in Jammu and Kashmir and 9 stations in Himachal Pradesh. Spatial distribution of Sites is shown in Map 21. The further division of the stations and their number are given in the Table 11. Description of each site is given in Annexure VI.

Table 9. Hydrological Observation Sites of CWC Sl. No. Station Type Number of Stations

1. G 4 2. GQ 0 3. GD 7 4. GDQ 3 5. GDS 2 6. GDSQ 6 7. Rainfall 0 8. Snow 4

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Map 21. Hydro observation stations 71 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

5.2 Meteorological stations There are 3 main organizations in our country which records meteorological parameters viz., India Meteorological Department (IMD), Central Water Commission (CWC) and ISRO (Automatic Weather Stations). CWC has established 18 meteorological stations in the Indus basin which are providing basic meteorological parameters with temporal data of some stations. There 8 CWC stations in Himachal Pradesh and 10 CWC Stations in Jammu & Kashmir. The Stations of Himachal Pradesh are Rampur, Kothi-SHO, Ghousal, Udaipur, Tandi, Powari, Titang and Barshani. CWC Sites in Jammu & Kashmir are Akhnoor, Jammu Tawi, Gulabgarh, Sangam, Rammunshi Bagh, Dhamkund, Safapora, Sirshi, Batote SHO and Nunwan. There are 140 IMD stations in Indus basin having data of monthly average precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, average annual rainfall and potential evapotranspiration for last 10 years. Some of their stations are also providing information about weekly data of rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, wind speed, evaporation and sunshine hours. IMD stations are spread in all states of Indus basin. Himachal Pradesh has maximum number of 53 stations, 47 in Punjab, 21 in Jammu & Kashmir, 12 stations in Haryana, and only 7 in Rajasthan. The integrated approach of measuring meteorological parameters using automated weather Stations (AWS) is helpful in the remote region. Indus basin has 18 AWS stations. All of the AWS stations are established in Punjab except one which is in Himachal Pradesh. Department and their number of stations in Indus basin are given in Table 12.

Table 10. Meteorological Stations Sl. No. Organisation Number of Stations 1. CWC Observation Stations 18 2. IMD Stations 140 3. ISRO AWS Stations 18

72 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

6. Water Quality

The water quality monitoring of river Indus and its several tributaries are being donein the basin by the State Pollution Control Boards of Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan, Central Water Commision, Central Ground Water Board andCentral Pollution Control Board. The observation of water quality is categorized in two sections, the surface water quality and ground water quality. Surface water quality is measured by CWC and CPCB whereas the ground water quality is measured by CGWB, CPCB and other state departments. The details of water quality of Indus basin in each section is given below.

6.1 Surface Water Quality Observations CWC stations carry out observations for testing the surface water quality pertaining to sixty eight water quality parameters which are considered to be the ‘Standard Hydrology Project Water Quality Parameters’. All physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters are categorized further under sub categories like field determinations, nutrients, organic matter, alkalinity, hardness, other inorganics, major ions, coliforms and others.Water quality of the Indus River and its tributaries is excellent. Water quality deteriorates downstream but remains well within permissible limits. As per India-WRIS database there are 9 surface water quality observation stations, which provide information about the surface water quality in the basin.Akhnoor, Dhamkund, Premnagar, Jammu Tawi, Sangam, Safapora, Rammunshi, Bagh are the water quality observation stations located in Jammu& Kashmir state.The other two stations in Himachal Pradesh which measures the surface quality parameters are Tandi and Udaipur. The Central Pollution Control Board observes quality parameters at various locations and the water quality parameters observed in rivers of Indus Basin are Beas, Satluj, Ravi, Sirsa, Swan, Largi, Parvati, Tawi, Chuntaol, Jhelum, Chenab, Gawkadal, Baspa, Binwa, Neugal, Siuel,Spiti and Suketi Khad. The monitoring results obtained during 2009 indicated that organic pollution continues to be the predominant pollution of aquatic resources. The organic pollution measured in terms of bio- chemical oxygen demand (BOD) & Coliform bacterial count gives the indication of extent of water quality degradation in different parts of our country. The river water quality in the Himalayan Segment and the Diluted Segment is comparatively good. However, due to heavy abstraction and discharge of pollutants into the river system, the lower segments are very highly polluted. The Water Quality analysis of Beas River is done on most of water quality parameters. The pH value is an important criterion for drinking purposes and the desired value of pH is 6.5-8.5. In Beas River the Ph range is observed between 7.1-8.5. The desired criterion of Conductivity for irrigation is 2250 μmhos/cm and the value for the Beas river range between 46-338 μmhos/cm and it is meeting the criteria.The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Bio chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important parameter for aquatic life of flora and fauna. The desired value for DO should be more than 4 mg/l and for BOD should be less than 3 mg/l. The observed value for DO in the river lies in the range of 6.4-11.8mg/l and it is meeting the criteria, whereas BOD in the river lies in the range of 0.1-4.3 mg/l and doesn’t meet the criteria at D/s Mandi. The Faecal Coliform should be less than 2500 MPN/100ml whereas the value for the river ranges from 2-1600 MPN/100ml and it is meeting the criteria. The desired criteria of total Coliform should be less than 5000 MPN/100ml and in the river total coliform is in the range of 7-2400 MPN/100ml and meeting the criteria. The analysis of water quality parameters is also being done at various locations of Satluj river. The desired value of pH is 6.5-8.5. The desired criterion of Conductivity for irrigation is 2250 μmhos/cm and the value for the river ranges between 124-932 μmhos/cm and it is meeting the criteria. The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Bio chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important parameter for 73 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin aquatic life of flora and fauna. The desired value for DO should be more than 4 mg/l and for BOD should be less than 3 mg/l. The observed value for DO in the river lies in the range of 0.6-11.4 mg/l and it is not meeting the criteria at Budha Nala Confluence, Ludhiana, Boat Bridge Dharmkotnakodar Road, and Jalandhar. BOD in the river lies in the range of 0.1-55 mg/l. and doesn’t meet the criteria in Punjab at Budha Nala Confluence (Ludhiana), Boat Bridge Dharmkotnakodar Road(Jalandhar), Bridge Harike (Amritsar), D/s Hussainwala (Ferojpur), D/s of East Bein, U/s Budhanala (4.5 mg/l). The Faecal Coliform should be less than 2500 MPN/100ml whereas the value for the river ranges from 0- 110000 MPN/100ml.Faecal Coliform is not complying with the permissible limit of water quality criteria for bathing at D/s Budha Nala Confluence (Ludhiana), Boat Bridge Dharmkotnakodar Road (Jalandhar), D/s of East Bein. The desired criteria of total Coliform should be less than 5000 MPN/100ml and in the river total coliform is in the range of 4-250,000 MPN/100ml. The highest count of Total Coliform is observed at Budha Nala Confluence (Ludhiana), Boat Bridge Dharmkotnakodar Road (Jalandhar), D/s of East Bein, U/s Budha Nala, D/s Kiratpur Sahib. The analysis of water qualityof river Ravi, Sirsa, Swan, Largi, Parvati, Tawi, Chenab, Neugal, Siuel and Suketi Khad is done at various locations.The desired value of pH is 6.5-8.5 and in the river it is observed in the range of 7.3 - 8.6. It is observed that the pH is not meeting the desired criteria in Sirsa. The desired criterion of Conductivity for irrigation is 2250 μmhos/cm and the value for the river range between 44 to835 μmhos/cm and it is meeting the criteria. The Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and Bio chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) is an important parameter for aquatic life of flora and fauna. The desired value for DO should be more than 4 mg/l and for BOD should be less than 3 mg/l. The observed value for DO in the river lies in the range of 3.5 – 12.3 mg/l. and it is not meeting in Tawi at Jammu. BOD is not meeting the criteria at River Swan D/s Nalagarh (Una), River Tawi at Jammu.The Faecal Coliform should be less than 2500 MPN/100ml whereas the value for the river ranges from 2-920 MPN/100ml and it is meeting the criteria. The desired criteria of total Coliform should be less than 5000 MPN/100ml and in the river total coliform is in the range of 7-2400 MPN/100ml and it is meeting the criteria. 6.2 Ground Water Quality Observations Ground water quality is influenced by contribution from the atmosphere and surface water bodies. The natural chemical composition of ground water is influenced predominantly by type & depth of soils and subsurface geological formations through which ground water passes. Due to rapid growth of population, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture activities, ground water resources are under stress. There is growing concern on the deterioration of ground water quality due to geogenic and anthropogenic activities. Overexploitation of ground water increases the salinity of ground water and excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture and improper disposal of urban/industrial waste can cause contamination of ground water resources. The groundwater quality is monitored by the Central Ground Water Board once a year (April/May) through a network of observation wells located all over the country. The hot spots for groundwater in the basin are identified on the basis of six main parameters: salinity (EC>3000 micro simen/cm), chloride, fluoride (>1.5 mg/l), iron (>1.0 mg/l), arsenic (>0.05 mg/l) and nitrate (>45 mg/l).The groundwater is marginal to brackish in quality in 60 percent of the Indus Basin. There are total 126 ground water quality observation sites which measure ground water quality. There are 68 Sites in Punjab, 30 sites falling in Haryana,21 Sites in Rajasthan, 4 sites in Himachal Pradeshand 3 sites in Jammu & Kashmir. The ground water quality parameters and their affected districts of the Indus basin are described below. Salinity/Electrical conductance (EC) is the saltiness or dissolved salt contents of a water body. Salt content is an important factor in water use. Salinity always exists in ground water but in variable 74 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin amounts. It is mostly influenced by aquifer material, solubility of minerals, duration of contact and factors such as the permeability of soil, drainage facilities, quantity of rainfall and above all, the climate of the area. In the Indus relatively high values of EC exceedingthe permissible limit of 3000 µS/cm are observed in many parts. These areas are water quality hot spots from salinity point of view, some of the districts are Hissar, Bhathinda, Firozepur, Faridkot, Gurudaspur, Mansa, Muktsar,Patiala,Sangrur Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh. Chloride is present in all natural waters, mostly at low concentrations. It is highly soluble in water and moves freely with water through soil and rock. Recommended desirable limit of chloride in drinking water is 250 mg /l; this concentration limit can be extended to 1000 mg/l of chloride. However ground water having concentration of chloride more than 1000 mg /l are not suitable for drinking purposes. Relatively high values of Chloride (>1000 mg/litre) are observed in few parts of the basin. Firozepur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Sirsa are the districts affected by high chloride water (>1000 mg/litre) and these areas are water quality hot spots from point of view of chloride. Fluorine is a fairly common element but it does not occur in the elemental state in nature because of its high reactivity. Fluorine is the most electronegative and reactive of all elements that occur naturally within many type of rock. The desirable limit fluoride in drinking water ranges from 1.0- 1.5mg/l and more than 1.5 mg/l are not suitable for drinking purposes. Some of the districts like Rajauri, Udhampur, Hissar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Amritsar, Bhatinda, Faridkot, fatehgarh Sahib, Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar, Patiala, Sangrur Ganganagar, Hanumangarh have Occurrence of Fluoride (>1.5mg/litre) in Ground Water. Nitrate is a naturally occurring compound that is formed in the soil when nitrogen and oxygen combine. The primary source of all nitrates is atmospheric nitrogen gas. Dissolved Nitrogen in the form of Nitrate is the most common contaminant of ground water. The maximum desirable limit of Nitrate concentration in ground water is 45 mg/l with no relaxation.Some of the districts of the basin like Una,Jammu, Kathua, Amritsar, Bhathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Jalandhar, Kapurthala, Ludhiana, Mansa, Moga, Muktsar, Nawan Shahr, Patiala, Rupnagar, Sangrur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh have occurrence of Nitrate ( >45 mg/litre) in Ground Water. Iron is a common constituent in soil and ground water. It is present in water either as soluble ferrousiron or the insoluble ferric iron. The permissible Iron concentration in ground water is less than 1.0 mg/litre. It is observed that high concentration of Iron (>1.0 mg/l) in ground waterhas been found in the districts of Baramulla, Budgam, Kathua, Kupwara, Pulwama, Srinagar, Bhathinda, Faridkot, Fatehgarh Sahib, Firozepur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Mansa, Rupnagar, Sangrur, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, Ambala, Bhiwani, Fatehabad, Hissar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal, Kurukshetra.

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7. Water Tourism Sites According to India-WRIS database Indus basin has about 128 Water tourism sites as shown in Table 13. Indus basin has diverse variety of tourist stations which includes hill station, pilgrimages, mountains/peaks, Wild Life Sanctuaries, national parks, fort and other major tourist locations. Jammu & Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh have major attraction sites.People from the entire world come to see the places like Gulmarg, Amarnath shrine, Dal Lake, Phalgam. Himachal Pradesh is mainly known for protected forest and wild life sanctuaries. Punjab and Haryana are known for their world famous temples like Swaran Mandir (Golden Temple) in Amritsar, Kapal Mochal, Kurukshetra, and Jyotisar etc.The distribution of tourist sites is shown in Map 22.The important tourism locations have been represented by the number on the map and their respective sites with name are given in Table 14. For details refer Annexure VII – A,B.

Table 11. Water Tourism Sites Sl. No. Tourist Site Category No. of Places 1. Lake 19 2. Reserved Forest 1 3. Peak 1 4. Reservoir 1 5. Dam 3 6. Fort 6 7. Hot Spring 1 8. Tourist Spot 3 9. Museums / Monument 4 10. Major Tourist Spot 14 11. Protected Forest 11 12. Pilgrimage (Temple) 23 13. Waterfall 1 14. Hill Station 4 15. National Park 5 16. Wildlife Sanctuary 31

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Map 22. Water Tourism Sites 77 www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in Indus (Up to border) Basin

Table 14. Indus Basin-Major Water tourism Sites Sl. Sl. Sl. Sl. Water Tourism Site Water Tourism Site Water Tourism Site Water Tourism Site No. No. No. No. 1 Jyotisar 31 Bhargan Protected Forest 61 Manikaran 91 Wular Lake 2 Brahma Sarovar 32 Anandpur Sahib 62 KanwaráWildlife Sanctuary 92 Manasbal Lake 3 Pehowa 33 Khalsa Heritage Complex 63 Baijnath Temple 93 Harsh Ka Tila 4 Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple 34 Tattapani 64 Raison 94 Sheikh Chehli's Tomb 5 Saraswati Tank 35 Darlaghat Wildlife Sanctuary 65 Tabo Gompa 95 Ramgarh Fort 6 Markandye Temple 36 Narkanda 66 Hidimba Devi Temple 96 Arki Fort 7 Kapal Mochan 37 Govind Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary 67 Manali 97 Kangra Fort 8 Nahan 38 Majathal Wildlife Sanctuary 68 Dharamshala 98 Bagh-e-bahu 9 Tikkar Taal 39 Naina Devi 69 Rohtang Pass 99 Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary 10 Nada Sahib 40 Sasher Kangri 70 Manimahesh Lake 100 Kalibanga 11 Rock Garden 41 Goindwal Sahib 71 Ranjit Sagar Dam 101 Amarnath Shrine 12 Sukhna Lake 42 Nangal Dam 72 Chandra Taal 102 Kurukshetra 13 Cactus Garden 43 Bhakra Dam 73 Sissu Waterfall 103 Hemis National Park 14 Yadavindra Garden 44 Daranghati Wildlife Sanctuary 74 Chamba 104 Dachigam National Park 15 Bhima Devi Temple 45 Tarn Taran 75 Dalhousie 16 Pinjor 46 Beas 76 Khajjiar Lake 17 Kasauli 47 Bhimakali Temple 77 Bhuri Singh Museum 18 State Museum 48 Gobind Sagar Reservoir 78 Chamera Lake 19 Bariyal Reserved Forest 49 Golden Temple(harmander Sahib) 79 Mansar Lake 20 Baddo Protected Forest 50 Durgiana (lakshmi Narain Temple) 80 Amar Mahal Palace 21 Bara Pandas Protected Forest 51 Rewalsar Lake 81 Suraj Tal 22 Ban Ka Ghat Protected Forest 52 Lipa Asrang Wildlife Sanctuary 82 Surinsar Lake 23 Bajhol Protected Forest 53 Ram Tirath Temple 83 Tsomoriri Lake 24 Baihklar Protected Forest 54 Pin Valley National Park 84 Ladakh Lakes( Pangong Lake) 25 Bainsh Protected Forest 55 Great Himalayan National Park 85 Pahalgam 26 Barag Ka Nal Protected Forest 56 Nako Lake 86 Gulmarg 27 Gurudwara Ber Sahib 57 Dashir Lake 87 Nagin Lake 28 Bag Protected Forest 58 Kulu 88 Dal Lake 29 Bakhdail Protected Forest 59 Nargu Wildlife Sanctuary 89 Nishat Bagh (Mughal Garden) 30 Bariyal Protected Forest 60 Maharana Pratap Sagar 90 Nasem Bagh Park

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8. Conclusion This report provides valuable information related to the topographic, demographic, climatic, surface and ground water resources, hydro-meteorological and water quality scenario of Indus basin. The distribution and utilisation of the Indus Water is governed by the Indus Water Treaty, 1960. The Indus and its tributaries are an interstate river system flowing through the ststes of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. A number of projects have already been constructed and three are on-going projects in the basin.

Gauge and Discharge observations of the various sites in the basin should be continued on a permanent basis to obtain the data essential not only for the preparation of individual projects but also for the regulation, to the best advantage, of the available river water in any year.

Systematic and scientific exploratory work is needed for quantitative and qualitative assessment of the ground water resources in the basin, so that these resources can be exploited in a rational way either independently or in conjunction with surface water.

There is a need for inter-state co-operation and agreement in respect of soil conservation measures and conserving the storage capacities of existing and proposed reservoirs in the basin.

It is necessary for systematic data to be collected of the sediment carried by the rivers which would be of considerable use in working out the dead storages and the lives of reservoir. It will also reflect the effect of the soil conservation work carried out in the basin. The true challenge in the Indus Basin then, appears to be raising the water sector as a national priority.

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Annexure I: State, district and parliamentary constituency in the basin A. District Details

Sl. No. State Name District (2011) Population Total District Area in Basin % of District Area in the (2011) Area(Sq. (Sq. Km) Basin Km) 1. Chandigarh Chandigarh 1,055,450 115.36 115.36 100 2. Himachal Pradesh Chamba 519,080 6372.75 6372.75 100 3. Himachal Pradesh Hamirpur 454,768 1100.12 1100.12 100 4. Himachal Pradesh Kangra 1,510,075 5611.11 5611.11 100 5. Himachal Pradesh Kinnaur 84,121 6328.35 6073.57 95.97 6. Himachal Pradesh Una 521,173 1507.83 1507.83 100 7. Himachal Pradesh Lahul & Spiti 31,564 13602.43 13602.43 100 8. Himachal Pradesh Mandi 999,777 3872.13 3872.13 100 9. Himachal Pradesh Shimla 814,010 5014.90 1792.99 35.75 10. Himachal Pradesh Sirmaur 529,855 2741.72 415.59 15.16 11. Himachal Pradesh Solan 580,320 1912.81 1692.50 88.48 12. Himachal Pradesh Bilaspur 381,956 1142.18 1142.18 100 13. Himachal Pradesh Kullu 437,903 5402.95 5402.95 100 14. Haryana Ambala 1,128,350 1472.27 1472.27 100 15. Haryana Fatehabad 942,011 2404.23 2027.97 84.35 16. Haryana Hisar 1,743,931 4002.48 61.45 1.54 17. Haryana Jind 1,334,152 2628.12 90.30 3.44 18. Haryana Kaithal 1,074,304 2210.26 493.73 22.34 19. Haryana Karnal 1,505,324 2474.19 0.86 0.03 20. Haryana Kurukshetra 964,655 1639.64 1308.86 79.83 21. Haryana Panchkula 561,293 827.53 827.53 100 22. Haryana Sirsa 1,295,189 4116.06 4116.06 100 23. Haryana Yamunanagar 1,214,205 1691.15 676.75 40.02 24. Jammu & Kashmir Anantnag 1,078,692 2701.71 2701.71 100 25. Jammu & Kashmir Udhampur 554,985 2344.03 2344.03 100 26. Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar 1,236,829 448.47 448.47 100

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27. Jammu & Kashmir Shupiyan 266,215 466.03 466.03 100 28. Jammu & Kashmir Samba 318,898 829.51 829.51 100 29. Jammu & Kashmir Reasi 314,667 2170.92 2170.92 100 30. Jammu & Kashmir Ramban 283,713 1015.47 1015.47 100 31. Jammu & Kashmir Rajauri 642,415 2486.81 2486.81 100 32. Jammu & Kashmir Punch 476,835 1542.14 1542.14 100 33. Jammu & Kashmir Pulwama 560,440 868.47 868.47 100 34. Jammu & Kashmir Leh (Ladakh) 133,487 82260.50 59544.97 72.39 35. Jammu & Kashmir Kupwara 870,354 2447.39 2447.39 100 36. Jammu & Kashmir Kulgam 424,483 1331.78 1331.78 100 37. Jammu & Kashmir Kishtwar 230,696 8033.89 8033.89 100 38. Jammu & Kashmir Kathua 616,435 2687.17 2687.17 100 39. Jammu & Kashmir Kargil 140,802 16385.41 16385.41 100 40. Jammu & Kashmir Jammu 1,529,958 2182.84 2182.84 100 41. Jammu & Kashmir Ganderbal 297,446 1412.49 1412.49 100 42. Jammu & Kashmir Doda 409,936 2363.36 2363.36 100 43. Jammu & Kashmir Baramula 1,008,039 1926.11 1926.11 100 44. Jammu & Kashmir Bandipore 392,232 2751.91 2751.91 100 45. Jammu & Kashmir Badgam 753,745 1237.12 1237.12 100 46. Punjab Sahibzada Ajit Singh 994,628 1029.38 1029.38 100 Nagar 47. Punjab Amritsar 2,490,656 2604.94 2604.94 100 48. Punjab Patiala 1,895,686 3290.72 3278.19 99.62 49. Punjab Kapurthala 815,168 1624.29 1624.29 100 50. Punjab Muktsar 901,896 2556.60 2556.60 100 51. Punjab Jalandhar 2,193,590 2546.05 2546.05 100 52. Punjab Hoshiarpur 1,586,625 3295.99 3295.99 100 53. Punjab Rupnagar 684,627 1351.19 1351.19 100 54. Punjab Tarn Taran 1,119,627 2339.63 2339.63 100 55. Punjab Sangrur 1,655,169 3481.70 3481.70 100 56. Punjab Gurdaspur 2,298,323 3550.15 3550.15 100

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57. Punjab Moga 995,746 2288.45 2288.45 100 58. Punjab Firozpur 2,029,074 5049.30 5049.30 100 59. Punjab Fatehgarh Sahib 600,163 1154.87 1154.87 100 60. Punjab Faridkot 617,508 1413.89 1413.89 100 61. Punjab Mansa 769,751 2148.92 2148.92 100 62. Punjab Ludhiana 3,498,739 3554.20 3554.20 100 63. Punjab Bathinda 1,388,525 3278.11 3278.11 100 64. Punjab Barnala 595,527 1367.90 1367.90 100 65. Punjab Shahid Bhagat Singh 612,310 1270.56 1270.56 100 Nagar 66. Rajasthan Ganganagar 1,969,168 10365.27 7790.22 75.16 67. Rajasthan Hanumangarh 1,774,692 9630.09 4947.15 51.37

Source: Survey of India and Census Data 2011 , Note :Population is mentioned for the complete district.

B. Parliamentary Constituency Details

Sl. State Name Parliamentary Total Area Area Falling in Basin % Area in the Basin No. Constituencies (2009) (Sq. Km) (Sq. Km) 1. Chandigarh Chandigarh 115.36 115.36 100 2. Haryana Karnal 3614.03 0.74 0.02 3. Haryana Sirsa 6953.70 6192.12 89.05 4. Haryana Krukshetra 4331.65 1971.84 45.52 5. Haryana Hisar 5733.64 103.67 1.81 6. Haryana Ambala 3521.91 2807.42 79.71 7. Himachal Pradesh Mandi 31949.23 31689.99 99.19 8. Himachal Pradesh Shimla 8720.45 2948.66 33.81 9. Himachal Pradesh Hamirpur 4864.62 4864.62 100 10. Himachal Pradesh Kangra 9082.51 9082.51 100 11. Jammu & Kashmir Srinagar 3096.21 3096.21 100 12. Jammu & Kashmir Leh (Ladakh) 64500.81 64500.81 100 13. Jammu & Kashmir Jammu 7042.82 7042.82 100 14. Jammu & Kashmir Anantnag 5318.62 5318.62 100

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15. Jammu & Kashmir Baramula 7164.60 7164.60 100 16. Jammu & Kashmir Udhampur 18641.28 18641.28 100 17. Punjab Faridkot 4751.14 4750.68 99.99 18. Punjab Ludhiana 1572.67 1572.67 100 19. Punjab Sangrur 3604.14 3604.14 100 20. Punjab Anandpur Sahib 3724.74 3724.74 100 21. Punjab Bathinda 5742.62 5742.23 99.99 22. Punjab Patiala 4493.06 4480.53 99.72 23. Punjab Firozpur 5543.98 5543.93 100 24. Punjab Fatehgarh Sahib 3537.50 3537.50 100 25. Punjab Hoshiarpur 3984.26 3984.26 100 26. Punjab Jalandhar 2545.94 2545.92 100 27. Punjab Khadoor Sahib 4561.85 4561.85 100 28. Punjab Amritsar 1994.52 1994.52 100 29. Punjab Gurdaspur 3139.38 3139.37 100 30. Rajasthan Bikaner 31839.23 867.45 2.72 31. Rajasthan Churu 17929.74 904.26 5.04 32. Rajasthan Ganganagar 12855.74 10965.67 85.30

Source: Election Commission of India

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Annexure II: Climate – Rainfall (1971-2004) and Temperature (1969-2004) profile in the basin

A. Sub-Basin Wise Annual Rainfall (mm) (1971-2004)

Sl. Year Beas Sub Upper Satluj Satluj Shyok Ravi Sub Lower Jhelum Gilgit Ghaghar Chenab No. Basin Indus Upper Lower Sub Basin Indus Sub Sub and Sub Sub Sub Sub Basin Sub Basin Basin others Basin Basin Basin Basin Basin Sub Basin 1. 1971 1024.31 980.52 1268.24 610.04 849.03 967.96 711.23 935.82 423.96 719.28 1084.47 2. 1972 620.06 555.6 640.54 387.24 434.02 519.31 412.54 507.97 243.25 396.27 633.44 3. 1973 948.73 766.58 671.93 627.59 625.64 999.35 801.75 1026.48 490.96 587.99 1137.13 4. 1974 757.36 775.28 726.87 313.21 599.5 699.56 502.95 646.08 221.83 339.47 886.71 5. 1975 1056.67 995.97 938.14 579.65 801.41 1056.1 889.21 1116.03 569.16 593.08 1253.33 6. 1976 1172.46 1530.91 1105.32 685.29 1647.53 1389.65 945.17 1170.49 503 634.2 1638.85 7. 1977 1107.29 1356.28 1057.07 632.23 1522.67 1267.21 829.02 969.45 557.73 618.23 1362.6 8. 1978 1213.07 1588.86 1547.77 594.51 1678.56 1250.48 884.31 992.68 633.39 700.46 1297.1 9. 1979 873.86 1206.18 1037.71 349.81 1280.56 985.94 858.28 861.42 847.12 356.91 1065.63 10. 1980 1008.87 1151.47 1028.14 506.83 1184.97 1117.27 855.28 960.75 669.06 392.55 1139.7 11. 1981 948.27 1149.05 1068.23 491.31 1274.06 950.86 803.4 864.66 685.84 413.95 1054.23 12. 1982 1428.75 1587.07 1620.06 562.11 1576.17 1323.03 766.12 925.41 472.77 428.5 1358.75 13. 1983 1168.26 1382.36 1231.64 623.55 1469.25 1232.33 1062.79 1187.67 787.67 596.8 1344.43 14. 1984 1128.7 1129.72 968.31 586.77 1193.57 1129.3 874.27 1012.67 587.72 381.28 1173.5 15. 1985 1195.53 1418.3 1215.55 573.3 1595.89 1243.71 999.63 1157.28 636.87 454.79 1358.85 16. 1986 1067.58 1438.8 1098.67 542.28 1551.18 1187.46 1462.6 1717.87 885.42 459.52 1518.58 17. 1987 1013.75 1206.66 1060.33 410.13 1306.95 1038.72 786.15 935.36 438.59 298.32 1143.3 18. 1988 1775.97 2072.9 1784.68 878.63 2288.8 1965.5 1357.31 1550.91 913.02 805.68 2045.25 19. 1989 1096.77 1444.98 1370.16 443.73 1558.59 1136.22 978.86 1089.43 682.75 417.99 1276.55 20. 1990 1571.51 1973.63 1784.09 693.63 2250.82 1678.27 1290.7 1490.99 777.21 653.76 1851.68 21. 1991 1088.67 1443.63 1234.83 419.41 1620.24 1174.77 868.33 1015.88 493.22 366.7 1331.69 22. 1992 1290.31 1674.34 1440.24 523.28 1860.89 1391.15 1113.55 1226.95 826.14 452.44 1555.02 23. 1993 1167.83 1271.14 1108.58 513.2 1273.32 1306.85 620.57 794.76 323 439.83 1357.97 24. 1994 1600.44 1922.4 1599.87 591.77 1932.99 1866.39 1032.83 1295.23 590.07 594.59 2086.15 25. 1995 1685.67 1579.38 1501.14 839.69 1554.15 1846.14 806.21 1060.97 404.9 753.97 1800.25

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26. 1996 1215.22 1517.93 1257.52 526.95 1490.2 1451.74 1056.25 1375.55 608.61 611.57 1760.29 27. 1997 1396.43 1658.67 1342.53 671.12 1614.34 1575.8 1081.04 1321.8 726.73 621.9 1813.62 28. 1998 1514.65 1491.29 1395.88 784.81 1473.8 1631.54 950.74 1056.58 765.62 794.57 1588.38 29. 1999 1017.06 1076.87 864.5 420.95 1070.01 1161.78 677.77 830.05 425.97 378.75 1251.04 30. 2000 1159.13 954.38 1009.43 565.66 837.73 1040.42 790.08 991.81 584.7 470.07 1092.71 31. 2001 1015.57 979.63 980.5 453.87 855.66 956.6 755.57 972.59 528.61 415.44 1103.93 32. 2002 759.65 624.24 624.74 433.24 548.24 742.52 554.25 758.97 320.4 414.86 808.18 33. 2003 1107.02 997.17 744.56 642.02 923.66 1220.48 1000.05 1237.05 733.12 549.94 1309.19 34. 2004 783.66 936.56 1020.57 378.52 906.87 814.21 608.35 727.74 450.02 418.81 865.33

B. Temperature profile in the basin (35 Years Average for the period 1969-2004)

Sl. No. Month Maximum Temperature (°C) Minimum Temperature (°C) Mean Temperature (°C) 1. January 15.66 3.94 9.8 2. February 19.68 8.01 13.84 3. March 22.4 9.86 16.17 4. April 28.62 14.63 21.65 5. May 32.53 18.39 25.46 6. June 34.12 21.78 28.15 7. July 32.1 25.17 29.83 8. August 32.36 25.94 30.36 9. September 30.62 21.92 27.52 10. October 28.15 16.49 23.59 11. November 23.34 8.4 15.87 12. December 17.95 4.8 11.38

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Annexure III: Sub basin wise population and drinking water facilities

A. Demographic Details

Sl. Sub Basin No. of No. Villages Total Population Male Female No. of No. Districts Population Population Households 1. Beas Sub Basin 15 10209 4534109 2293857 2240252 872338 2. Chenab Sub Basin 14 3336 2628439 1381742 1246697 451470 3. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin 26 8704 9866847 5234417 4632430 1657408 4. Gilgit Sub Basin 1 1 0 0 0 0 5. Jhelum Sub Basin 12 3153 4229025 2192708 2036317 587723 6. Lower Indus Sub Basin 1 1 0 0 0 0 7. Ravi Sub Basin 10 4168 3546759 1870064 1676695 613298 8. Shyok Sub Basin 2 3 0 0 0 0 9. Satluj Lower Sub Basin 24 9730 13378646 7091693 6286953 2367603 10. Satluj Upper Sub Basin 12 6107 1056514 529632 526882 210043 11. Upper Indus Sub Basin 8 8 0 0 0 0

Source: Census Data 2001

B. Drinking Water Facilities

Sl. No. Sub Basin District Wells Tubewells Handpumps 1. Beas Sub Basin Chamba 8 0 126 2. Beas Sub Basin Hoshiarpur 433 824 1283 3. Beas Sub Basin Gurdaspur 208 986 1314 4. Beas Sub Basin Kinnaur 0 0 14 5. Beas Sub Basin Mandi 271 28 299 6. Beas Sub Basin Firozpur 9 589 829 7. Beas Sub Basin Hamirpur 1005 27 442 8. Beas Sub Basin Kullu 0 0 0 9. Beas Sub Basin Una 465 132 257 10. Beas Sub Basin Jalandhar 92 501 863 11. Beas Sub Basin Shimla 136 1 69

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12. Beas Sub Basin Amritsar 31 684 815 13. Beas Sub Basin Kangra 0 0 0 14. Beas Sub Basin Kapurthala 0 337 454 15. Beas Sub Basin Lahul & Spiti 0 0 0 16. Chenab Sub Basin Chamba 8 0 126 17. Chenab Sub Basin Punch 0 0 0 18. Chenab Sub Basin Anantnag 0 0 0 19. Chenab Sub Basin Doda 0 0 0 20. Chenab Sub Basin Rajauri 0 0 0 21. Chenab Sub Basin Jammu 0 0 0 22. Chenab Sub Basin Kathua 0 0 0 23. Chenab Sub Basin Udhampur 0 0 0 24. Chenab Sub Basin Leh (Ladakh) 0 0 0 25. Chenab Sub Basin Kullu 0 0 0 26. Chenab Sub Basin Kangra 0 0 0 27. Chenab Sub Basin Kargil 0 0 0 28. Chenab Sub Basin Lahul & Spiti 0 0 0 29. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Bikaner 257 262 14 30. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Bathinda 0 88 274 31. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Karnal 98 379 380 32. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Sikar 752 246 738 33. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Solan 255 136 483 34. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Rupnagar 447 518 842 35. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Sangrur 0 407 677 36. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Ambala 107 153 211 37. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Churu 562 253 52 38. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Kaithal 166 245 221 39. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Mansa 2 32 129 40. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Patiala 115 639 1009 41. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Sirmaur 197 77 191 42. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Yamunanagar 25 101 109 43. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Chandigarh 0 0 0

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44. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Jind 278 261 270 45. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Kurukshetra 30 344 355 46. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Panchkula 118 127 1 47. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Ludhiana 19 409 681 48. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Sirsa 35 129 251 49. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Fatehgarh Sahib 9 72 438 50. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Fatehabad 0 0 0 51. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Jhunjhunun 512 245 334 52. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Hisar 244 71 167 53. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Ganganagar 338 1350 1466 54. Ghaghar and others Sub Basin Hanumangarh 420 1019 852 55. Jhelum Sub Basin Baramula 0 0 0 56. Jhelum Sub Basin Punch 0 0 0 57. Jhelum Sub Basin Anantnag 0 0 0 58. Jhelum Sub Basin Badgam 0 0 0 59. Jhelum Sub Basin Doda 0 0 0 60. Jhelum Sub Basin Kupwara 0 0 0 61. Jhelum Sub Basin Rajauri 0 0 0 62. Jhelum Sub Basin Srinagar 0 0 0 63. Jhelum Sub Basin Udhampur 0 0 0 64. Jhelum Sub Basin Kargil 0 0 0 65. Jhelum Sub Basin Pulwama 0 0 0 66. Ravi Sub Basin Chamba 8 0 126 67. Ravi Sub Basin Doda 0 0 0 68. Ravi Sub Basin Jammu 0 0 0 69. Ravi Sub Basin Kathua 0 0 0 70. Ravi Sub Basin Udhampur 0 0 0 71. Ravi Sub Basin Gurdaspur 208 986 1314 72. Ravi Sub Basin Kullu 0 0 0 73. Ravi Sub Basin Amritsar 31 684 815 74. Ravi Sub Basin Kangra 0 0 0 75. Ravi Sub Basin Lahul & Spiti 0 0 0

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76. Shyok Sub Basin Leh (Ladakh) 0 0 0 77. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Bathinda 0 88 274 78. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Hoshiarpur 433 824 1283 79. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Muktsar 13 52 154 80. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Solan 255 136 483 81. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Faridkot 0 0 169 82. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Rupnagar 447 518 842 83. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Sangrur 0 407 677 84. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Gurdaspur 208 986 1314 85. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Mansa 2 32 129 86. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Panchkula 118 127 1 87. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Nawanshahr 0 0 0 88. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Firozpur 9 589 829 89. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Ludhiana 19 409 681 90. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Moga 3 116 318 91. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Sirsa 35 129 251 92. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Una 465 132 257 93. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Bilaspur 272 43 333 94. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Fatehgarh Sahib 9 72 438 95. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Jalandhar 92 501 863 96. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Amritsar 31 684 815 97. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Kangra 0 0 0 98. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Kapurthala 0 337 454 99. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Ganganagar 338 1350 1466 100. Satluj Lower Sub Basin Hanumangarh 420 1019 852 101. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Solan 255 136 483 102. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Rupnagar 447 518 842 103. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Kinnaur 0 0 14 104. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Leh (Ladakh) 0 0 0 105. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Mandi 271 28 299 106. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Hamirpur 1005 27 442 107. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Kullu 0 0 0

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108. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Una 465 132 257 109. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Bilaspur 272 43 333 110. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Shimla 136 1 69 111. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Uttarkashi 3 0 1 112. Satluj Upper Sub Basin Lahul & Spiti 0 0 0 113. Upper Indus Sub Basin Baramula 0 0 0 114. Upper Indus Sub Basin Anantnag 0 0 0 115. Upper Indus Sub Basin Doda 0 0 0 116. Upper Indus Sub Basin Srinagar 0 0 0 117. Upper Indus Sub Basin Leh (Ladakh) 0 0 0 118. Upper Indus Sub Basin Kargil 0 0 0 119. Upper Indus Sub Basin Lahul & Spiti 0 0 0

Source: Census Data 2001

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Annexure IV: Inventory of surface water resources

A. List of Dams with surrogate information

Sl. Name of Dam River Type of Year of Catchment Length Max height Gross Live Submergen Purpose No. Dam completion Area (Sq. of dam above storage storage ce Area Km.) (m) foundation capacity capacity (Th Ha) (m) (MCM) (MCM) 1. Baglihar Dam CHENAB Gravity / 2009 17325 364.362 143 475 150 0.81 HE Masonry 2. Baira Siul Dam Ravi Earthen / 1981 1000 160 53 1270 0.02 HE Gravity / Masonry 3. Bassi Dam Ravi Gravity / 1970 280 0.18 0.18 HE,IR Masonry 4. Bhakra Dam Satluj Earthen / 1963 57000 518.16 167.64 9340 6911 16.84 HE,RE,I Gravity / R Masonry 5. Chemera I Dam Ravi Earthen / 1994 470 295 140 391.3 110 0.95 HE Gravity / Masonry 6. Chemera II Dam Ravi Earthen / 2003 2600 119 39 1.56 0.23 HE Gravity / Masonry 7. Chemera III Ravi Earthen / 2200 78 68 5.48 3.64 0.29 HE Dam Gravity / Masonry 8. Chohal Dam Chohal Earthen 1993 330 28.6 4.4 0.06 FC,IR Choe 9. Dholbaha Dam Dholbaha Earthen 1987 561.4 358 38.83 11.38 10.36 0.33 FC,IR khad 10. Dulhasti Dam CHENAB Gravity / 2006 10500 186 65 12.98 12 1050 HE Masonry 11. Jainti Dam Soonk Earthen 2001 256 19.75 2.87 0.06 FC,IR 12. Janauri Dam Janauri Earthen 1988 125 31.5 2.1 0.04 FC,IR Khad 13. Karcham Ravi Earthen / 182.5 98 WS (Jaypee) Dam Gravity / Masonry 14. Karchham- Ravi Gravity / 182 88 HE

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Wangtoo Dam Masonry 15. Kishenganga KISHANGA Rockfill 1815 189 37 18.35 7.55 HE Dam NGA 16. Kol Dam Satluj Earthen 500 167 HE 17. Largi Dam Ravi Gravity / 2006 4900 26.5 343 2.3 HE Masonry 18. Maili Dam Maili Choe Earthen 1986 334 23.5 4.55 0.07 FC,IR 19. Malana I Dam Ravi Earthen / 2001 4700 305 18 0.25 HE Gravity / Masonry 20. Mirzapur Dam Budki Khad Earthen 1996 210 22.4 4.3 0.07 FC,IR 21. Nathpa Jhakri Ravi Earthen / 2008 50000 185.45 62.5 3.43 3.03 HE (Sjvnl) Dam Gravity / Masonry 22. Nimoo Bazgo Indus Gravity / 58880 247 57 52.82 9.72 HE Dam Masonry 23. Niu Karewa 227 IR Storage Yusmarg Dam 24. Pakal Dul Dam Marusudar Earthen / 305 167 0.13 0.23 HE Gravity / Masonry 25. Pandoh Dam Ravi Rockfill / 1977 5278 255 76 41 32.44 0.18 HE,IR Gravity / Masonty 26. Parbati - III Dam Sainj Rockfill 43 HE 27. Parbati II Dam Parbati Gravity / 1155 101.5 85 6.55 1.98 HE Masonry 28. Patiari Dam Patiari Earthen 2002 226 37 3.46 0.05 FC,IR 29. Perch Dam Perch Khad Earthen 1993 286.75 22.2 1.25 0.03 FC,IR 30. Pong Dam Beas Earthen / 1974 1950.7 132.59 8570 7290 26 HE,IR Gravity / Masonry 31. Ranjit Sagar Ravi Earthen 1999 60860 617 145 3280 2344 0.01 FC,IR,HE Dam 32. Sal Dam Damsal Earthen 1990 210 26.5 6.6 0.07 FC,IR 33. Salal (Rockfill Chenab Earthen / 1986 21497 487 113 28.5 HE And Concrete ) Gravity / Dam Masonry

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34. Saleran Dam Saleran Earthen 1995 96 32.5 1.5 0.04 FC,IR Khad 35. Sewa St II Dam Sewa Gravity / 2010 381 114 53 6.82 4.39 0.04 HE Masonry 36. Shahpur Kandi Ravi Gravity / 61420 725 54.5 120.71 15.38 0.73 HE,IR Dam Masonry 37. Siswan Dam Siswan Earthen 1998 435 24 4.8 0.09 FC,IR Khad 38. Thana Dam Khwaja Earthen 2008 400 28.4 3.83 0.04 FC,IR 39. Uri-II Dam Jhelum Gravity / 13400 176 6.34 HE Masonry

B. List of BWA with surrogate information

Sl. Name of B/W/A River Length (m) Height upto Catchment Design flood Purpose No. crest (m) area (Th. ha.) discharge (Cumecs) 1. Baner Weir 0 0 HE 2. Baspa Barrage Baspa 61 16 970 0 HE 3. Binwa Weir 0 0 HE 4. Chenani Weir River Tawi 0 0 HE tributary of Chenab 5. Chutak Barrage Suru 47.5 15 0 HE 6. Ferozepur Barrage Satluj 406.298 12742.5 IR 7. Gaj Weir 0 0 HE 8. Ganderbal Weir Sindh nallah 0 0 HE Tributary of Jhelum 9. Ghanvi Weir 0 0 HE 10. Harike Barrage Satluj 636.118 18400 FC,IR 11. Igo-Phey Weir Indus 0 0 IR 12. Kandi Weir 0 0 IR 13. Kargil Barrage Wakharong 0 1700 HE 14. Lambadug Weir Lambadug 26 0 HE 15. Lower Jhelum Weir River Jhelum 113.11 22650 HE

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16. Madhopur Barrage Ravi 773.48 17750 HE,IR 17. Nangal Barrage Satluj 291 11327 HE,IR 18. Parchick Kawas Weir Suru 0 0 IR 19. Ropar Barrage Satluj 820 9911 FC,IR 20. Sanjay Bhabha Weir Bhaba 357 5 0 HE,IR 21. Sewa - III Barrage Ravi 113.5 0 HE 22. Shahnahar Barrage Beas 561.87 11043 HE,IR 23. Siul Weir Baira 0 0 HE,IR 24. Stakna Barrage Indus 0 0 HE 25. Sumbal /Upper Sindh - II Sindh nallah 73 0 HE Weir tributary of Jhelum 26. Uhl Barrage Uhl 9 228.75 0 HE 27. Uhl Weir Uhl 200 0 HE 28. Ujh Level Crossing Barrage Ujh 356.75 9 7000 IR 29. Upper Sindh - I Weir 0 0 HE 30. Uri Barrage Jhelum 95 20 0 HE 31. Wangath /Upper Sindh - II Kankanaz 0 0 HE Weir

C. Major/Medium irrigation projects with surrogate information

Sl. Name of Type River Tributary Status Year of GCA CCA UIP District/s No. Project completion (Th ha) (Th ha) (Th ha) Benefitted 1 Ahaji Canal Medium Sukhnag Completed 9.73 7.56 6.9 Budgam Medium Nallah Irrigation Project 2 Ambaran Lift Medium Ongoing 0 5.22 Jammu Irrigation Project 3 Awantipura Medium Indus Completed 1.96 1.83 Anantnag, Canal Medium Pulwama Irrigation Project

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4 Babul Canal Medium River Ferozpora Completed 2.39 1.7 2.39 Baramulla Medium Jhelu Nallah Irrigation m Project 5 Balh Valley Left Medium Beas Completed 7.82 2.78 4.35 Mandi Bank Medium Irrigation Project 6 Balh Valley Medium Completed 0 Mandi Right Medium Irrigation Project 7 Beas Unit - I & Major Completed 0 Unit - II Major Irrigation Project_Haryan a 8 Beas Unit - I Major Beas Beas Completed 0 (Beas Satluj And Link) Major Satluj Irrigation Project_Punjab 9 Beas Unit - II Major Beas Beas Completed 0 (Pong Dam) Major Irrigation Project_Punjab 10 Beas Unit I & II Major BEAS Completed 0 Sriganganagar Major Irrigation Project_Rajasth an 11 Bhabour Sahib - Medium Satluj Completed 5.45 2.64 2.64 Una II Medium Irrigation Project 12 Bhabour Sahib Medium Satluj Completed 0.92 Una Phase - I

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Medium Irrigation Project 13 Bhakra Canal/ Major Satluj Completed 372.47 289 Hanumangarh, Bhakra Nangal Sriganganagar Major Irrigation Project_Rajasth an 14 Bhakra Nangal Major Satluj SATLUJ Completed 846.22 550 390 Fatehgarh (includes Sahib, Mansa, Bhakra main Ropar, Patiala, Line canal and Sangrur Bist Doab Canal)_Punjab 15 Bhakra Nangal Major SATLUJ Completed 1166 676 Hissar, Jind, Major Irrigation Karnal, Project_Haryan Ambala, a Kurukshetra 16 Changer Lift Medium Indus Ongoing 7.59 2.35 3.04 Bilaspur Irrigation Project 17 Dab Canal Medium Sindh Ongoing 2.92 2.06 Shri Nagar Medium Irrigation Project 18 Dadi Canal Medium River Lidder Completed 1.46 2.07 Anantnag Medium Jhelu Nallah Irrigation m Project 19 Dholbaha Medium Completed 5.57 3.75 2.6 Hoshiarpur Medium Irrigation Project 20 Diversion Weir Medium Completed 0 of Shahnahar 21 Duddar Canal Medium Indus Completed 0 Udhampur

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Medium Irrigation Project 22 Eastern Canal Major Satluj, SATLUJ Completed 1933 253.58 216 97 Ferozepur Major Irrigation Beas Project 23 Gang Canal Major Satluj Satluj Completed 1927 442.7 307.6 184.54 Sri Major Irrigation Ganganagar Project 24 Grimtoo Canal Medium River Veshow Ongoing 4.05 2.83 4.73 Kulgam and Medium Jhelu Nallah Shopian Irrigation m Project 25 Harike Major Major Satluj SATLUJ Completed 0 Irrigation Project 26 IGNP Stage - I Major Ravi- Ravi-Beas Completed 525 525 Sri Major Irrigation Beas Ganganagar, Project Bikaner, Hanumangarh 27 IGNP Stage - II Major Ravi- Ravi-Beas Ongoing 1860 1410 964 Sriganganagar, (Rajasthan Beas Barmer, Canal Stage - II) Bikaner, Major Irrigation Churu, Project Jaisalmer, & Jodhpur 28 Igo Phey (Ego- Medium Indus Indus Completed 3.64 3.3 Leh Phey Canal) Medium Irrigation Project 29 Irrigation To Medium Ongoing 2003 0 H.P. Area Below Talwara Medium Irrigation

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Project_Punjab 30 Kandi Canal Medium Chena Kagunega Ongoing 3.24 2.23 3.22 Doda Medium b d Nallah Irrigation Project 31 Kathua Canal Medium Indus Ravi Completed 1961 11.54 6.52 11.08 Kathua Medium Irrigation Project 32 Koil Lift Medium River Jhelum Completed 2007 3 2.7 2.3 Anantnag Irrigation Jhelu Project m 33 Lar Canal Medium Sukhnag Completed 3.94 2.85 2.85 Budgam Medium Nallah Irrigation Project 34 Larkhul Sophian Medium Ongoing 0 10.12 Pulwama Medium Irrigation Project 35 Lethpora Lift Medium Jhelum Completed 2.43 3.85 Pulwama Irrigation Project 36 Makhu Canal Major Completed 20.6 34 Ferozpur, Major Irrigation Faridkot, and Project Muktsar 37 Martand Canal Medium Indus Lidder Completed 3.2 4.71 Anantnag Medium Nallah Irrigation Project 38 Marval Lift Medium Jhelu Jhelum Completed 2007 6.56 11.42 Pulwama, Irrigation m Badgam Project 39 Mav Khul Canal Medium Jhelu Veshow Ongoing 6.94 3.68 6.8 Anantnag Medium m Nallah Irrigation

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Project 40 Nagal Lift Major Yamu Completed 1992 19.5 12 Ambala Irrigation na Project 41 Nandi Canal Medium Indus Veshwo Completed 2.36 2.55 Anantnag Medium nalla Irrigation Project 42 Niu Karewa Medium Hakriaj Ongoing 3 4.2 Badgam, Medium Nar Pulwama Irrigation Project 43 Nohar Major Major Ravi- Ravi-Beas Completed 39.68 31.95 13.42 Sriganganagar Irrigation Beas / Project Hanumangarh 44 Pargwal Canal Medium Indus Completed 2.4 1.32 Jammu Medium Irrigation Project 45 Parkachick Medium Indus Suru Ongoing 2.35 2.26 2.26 Kargil Khawas Medium Irrigation Project 46 Pratap Canal Medium Indus CHENAB Completed 1906 8.02 10.69 Jammu Medium /Chen Irrigation ab Project 47 Rafiabad High Medium Jhelu Jhelum Ongoing 4.05 2.93 2.93 Barmulla and Lift Irrigation m Kupwara Project 48 Rajal Lift Medium Indus Naoshera Completed 1.64 1.43 Rajouri Irrigation Tawi Project 49 Rajpora Lift Medium Jhelu Jhelum Ongoing 2.43 2.03 2.43 Pulwama Irrigation m

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Project 50 Ranbir Canal Major Indus CHENAB Completed 1905 38.68 16.46 Jammu Major Irrigation Project 51 Ranjan Lift Medium Indus Chenab Completed 3.04 2.02 Jammu Irrigation Project 52 Ranjit Sagar Major Indus Completed 0 Dam Major Irrigation Project_Jammu And Kashmir 53 Ranjit Sagar Major Ravi Indus Completed 2000 0 Dam Major Irrigation Project_Punjab 54 Ravi Canal Major Ravi Ravi Completed 32.18 53.99 Kathua and Project (Ravi ) Jammu Major Irrigation Project 55 Seer Lift Medium Completed 3.39 3.31 Irrigation Project 56 Shahnahar Major Beas Completed 75.98 55.1 53.73 Hoshiarpur Canal Remodelling its Extension & Kandi Canal Major Irrigation Project 57 Shahnehar Major Giri Beas Ongoing 22.63 15.29 24.76 Kangra and Major Irrigation Hosiarpur Project_Himach al Pradesh 58 Shahpur Kandi Major Ravi Ongoing 0 No irrigation Dam Project benefit in

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Major Irrigation Punjab Project 59 Sidhatha Medium Dehar Ongoing 4.25 3.15 5.35 Kangra Medium Irrigation Project 60 Sidhmukh Major Ravi- Completed 91.55 80 31.21 Hanuman Major Irrigation Beas garh/ Project Ganganagar & Churu 61 Sirhind Canal Major Satluj SATLUJ Completed 1887 1510.57 1373 845 Ropar, Major Irrigation Ludhiana , Project Sangrur , Bathinda , Mansa, Moga, Patiala, Fatehgarh Saheb, Mukatsar, Faridkot, Ferozepur 62 Sirhind Feeder Major Satluj SATLUJ Completed 474.69 360 Ferozpur, Major Irrigation Faridkot and Project Muktsar 63 Sonmun Khul Medium Ongoing 0 4 Anantnag Kulgaon Medium Irrigation Project 64 Satluj Yamuna Major Ongoing 1883 Whole State Link (SYL) Canal Major Irrigation Project_Haryan a 65 SYL (Part - I) Major Indus Ongoing 0 Major Irrigation

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Project_Punjab 66 SYL Part - III (Sri Major Ongoing 129 77 Patiala, Ropar, Dasmesh ) Fatehgarh Major Irrigation Project_Punjab 67 Tawi Lift Major Chena Tawi Completed 1978 15.56 14.16 14 Jammu Irrigation b Project 68 Tral Lift /Gral Medium Jhelu Jhelum Ongoing 6.8 4 6 Pulwama Lift Irrigation m Project 69 Upper Bari Major Ravi Ravi Completed 1879 834.06 543 354 Amritsar and Doab Canal Gurdaspur (UBDC) Major Irrigation Project 70 Zaingir Canal Medium Indus Nallah Completed 1935 6.48 5.1 4.96 Baramulla Medium Madhuma Irrigation ti Project

D. Lift Irrigation projects with surrogate information

Sl. Name of Project Off take point Type of pump No. of pumps Horse power Lift in m Discharge No. of pumps (Cumec) 1 Ambaran Lift Irrigation Scheme 2 Balh Lift Baggi Canal Centrifugal 1 7.5 10 0.005 3 Balh Lift Dan I Canal Centrifugal 1 40 52 0.0095 4 Balh Lift Irrigation Reservoir Centrifugal 3 100 171 0.07 Scheme - I 5 Balh Lift Irrigation Canal Centrifugal 1 15 51.9 0.009 Scheme Riggar - II 6 Basantpur Lift Irrigation River 6 1500 H.P. 33.2 2.83 Scheme

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 102 Indus (Up to border) Basin

7 Bhabour Sahib Lift Reservoir Centrifugal 5 1150 146.53 0.18 Irrigation Scheme - II - IA 8 Bhabour Sahib Lift Reservoir 3 900 0.14 Irrigation Scheme Phase I (Bangarh) Ph - I 9 Budroo Lift Irrigation Canal 3 275 H.P. 113 0.113 Scheme 10 Changer Lift Irrigation Canal 2 125 105.27 0.08 Scheme Zone - IA 11 Choorven Low Lift Canal 0.14 Irrigation Scheme 12 Dawlet Khul Lift Irrigation Canal 2 150 14 Scheme 13 Durpora Sirhama Lift Canal 4 300 HP 124 0.339 Irrigation Scheme 14 Khiram Lift Irrigation Canal 4 350 H.P. 106.07 0.679 Scheme 15 Koil Lift Irrigation Scheme River Centrifugal 4 200 H.P. 8.53 0.85 Stage - I (Larkipore) 16 Koil Lift Irrigation Scheme Canal Centrifugal 4 120 HP 65.53 0.85 Stage - II (Malangpore) 17 Koil Lift Irrigation Scheme Canal Centrifugal 4 120 HP 13.7 0.7 Stage - III 18 Lakhanpur Lift Irrigation Canal Centrifugal 15 450 H.P. 50.48 0.48 Scheme 19 Lethpora Lift Irrigation River 7 45.82 0.425 Scheme Stage - I (Lethpora) 20 Lethpora Lift Irrigation Canal 5 9.75 0.425 Scheme Stage - II (Barsoo) 21 Lethpora Lift Irrigation Canal 5 29.57 0.425 Scheme Stage - III (Ladov) 22 Marval Lift Irrigation River Centrifugal 6 400 HP 10.6 9.91 Scheme Stage - I 23 Marval Lift Irrigation Canal Centrifugal 7 425 HP 23.17 5.94

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 103 Indus (Up to border) Basin

Scheme Stage - II 24 Marval Lift Irrigation Canal Centrifugal 5 300 HP 16.5 3.96 Scheme Stage - III 25 Marval Lift Irrigation Canal Centrifugal 3 375 HP 23.5 1.69 Scheme Stage - IV 26 Naggal Lift Irrigation Canal 7 125HP (4), 1.62 Scheme Ph - I 15HP (3) 27 Naggal Lift Irrigation Canal 5 150HP (3), 1.98 Scheme Ph - II 60HP (2) 28 Naggal Lift Irrigation Canal 4 125HP (3), 1.98 Scheme Ph - III 60HP (1) 29 Naggal Lift Irrigation Canal 5 150HP (3), 1.69 Scheme Ph - IV 30HP(2) 30 Naggal Lift Irrigation Canal 3 30HP 0.31 Scheme Ph - V 31 Rafiabad High Lift River Centrifugal 6 730.75 HP 50.3 5.09 Irrigation Scheme (Tragpora) 32 Rafiabad Low Lift River Centrifugal 2 221.18 30.15 0.84 Irrigation Scheme (Ferozpora) 33 Rajal Lift Irrigation River Centrifugal 5 400 H.P. 40 0.7 Scheme 34 Rajpora Lift Irrigation River Centrifugal 4 275 HP 16.5 3.4 Scheme Stage - I 35 Rajpora Lift Irrigation Canal Centrifugal 4 740 HP 80 1.87 Scheme Stage - II (Rajpora Canal) 36 Rajpora Lift Stage - II Canal Centrifugal 4 1340 HP 165 1.53 (Medura Canal) 37 Ranjan Lift Irrigation River Centrifugal 7 650 H.P. 61 0.56 Scheme 38 Rawoocha Lift Irrigation Canal Scheme 39 Raya Lift Irrigation Canal Scheme ( Subsidiary Tawi

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 104 Indus (Up to border) Basin

Lift ) 40 Rohama Lift Irrigation Canal 2 21 15 Scheme 41 Tawi Lift Irrigation River Centrifugal 6 800 H.P. 29.5656 8.49 Scheme 42 Tral Lift Irrigation Scheme River Turbine 6 200 HP 13 0.85 - Stage - I 43 Tral Lift Irrigation Scheme Canal Turbine 10 1060 HP 125 0.425 - Stage - II 44 Tral Lift Irrigation Scheme Canal Turbine 6 950 HP 115 0.425 - Stage - III 45 Viel Nagbal Lift Irrigation Centrifugal 2 150 55 0.14 Scheme

E. Power house and projects with surrogate information

Sl. Power House Hydro Type of Position Altitude No. of Total Minimum No. of No. Electric Developme above MSL Turbines/U Installed Draw Down Penstocks project nt (m) nits Capacity Level (MW) (MDDL) 1 Allain Duhangan Allain Run of the Under 15.6 2 192 2746 1 Power House Duhangan river with Ground Hydroelectr small ic Project pondage 2 Anandpur Sahib-I Anandpur Canal Drop Canal Drop 330 2 67 2 Power House Sahib Hydroelectr ic Project 3 Anandpur Sahib- Anandpur Canal Drop Canal Drop 330 2 67 2 II Power House Sahib Hydroelectr ic Project

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 105 Indus (Up to border) Basin

4 Baglihar Stage - I Baglihar Run of the Under 3 450 836 Power House Stage- I river Ground Hydroelectr ic Project 5 Baira Siul Power Baira Siul Run of the Surface 840 3 198 1113 3 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 6 Baner-I Power Baner Run of the Dam Toe 3 12 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 7 Baspa II Power Baspa Run of the Under 1815 3 300 2527.5 3 House Hydroelectr river with Ground ic Project small Hydroelectr pondage ic Project 8 Bassi Power Bassi Tailrace Under 4 60 1246.39 2 House Hydroelectr Ground ic Project 9 Beas Project Pong Storage Dam Toe 345 6 396 384 3 Unit-II/Pong Hydroelectr Power House ic Project 10 Bhakra Left Bank Bhakra Storage Dam Toe 374 5 540 445.6 5 Power House Hydroelectr ic Project 11 Bhakra Rb Power Bhakra Storage Dam Toe 374 5 785 445.6 5 House Hydroelectr ic Project 12 Binwa Power Binwa Run of the Dam Toe 1211 2 6 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 13 Chamera - I Chamera - I Storage Under 553.5 3 540 747 3 Power House Hydroelectr Ground ic Project

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14 Chamera - II Chamera - Run of the Under 3 300 1152 3 Power House II river Ground Hydroelectr ic Project 15 Chamera - III Chamera - Run of the Under 3 231 1380 3 Power House III river Ground Hydroelectr ic Project 16 Chenani III Power Chenani-III Run of the Surface 3 7.5 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 17 Chenani Power Chenani Run of the Surface 668 5 23.3 2 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 18 Chutak Power Chutak Run of the Surface 216.41 4 44 4 House Hydroelectr river ic Project 19 Dehar Power Dehar Run of the Surface 516.64 6 990 883.92 3 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 20 Dulhasti Power Dulhasti Run of the Under 3 390 3 House Hydroelectr river Ground ic Project 21 Gaj Power House Gaj Run of the Dam Toe 3 10.5 Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 22 Ganderbal Power Ganderbal Run of the Surface 1589 4 15 2 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 23 Ganguwal Power Ganguwal Canal Drop Canal Drop 330 3 77.65 3 House & Kotla

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 107 Indus (Up to border) Basin

Hydroelectr ic Project 24 Ghanvi Power Ghanvi Run of the Under 1175 2 22.5 1 House Hydroelectr river with Ground ic Project small pondage 25 Iqbal (Kargil) Iqbal Run of the Surface 3 3.75 Power House (Kargil) river with Hydroelectr small ic Project pondage 26 Karchham- Karcham Run of the Under 4 1000 1799 4 Wangtoo Power Wangtoo river Ground House Hydroelectr ic Project 27 Keshang Stage -I Keshang Run of the Under 1 65 3 Power House Hydroelectr river Ground ic Project 28 Kishenganga Kishengang Run of the Under 3 330 3 Power House a river Ground Hydroelectr ic Project 29 Kotla Power Ganguwal Canal Drop Canal Drop 300 3 77.65 3 House & Kotla Hydroelectr ic Project 30 Largi Power Largi Run of the Under 3 126 963 4 House Hydroelectr river Ground ic Project 31 Lower Jhelum Lower Run of the Surface 1500 3 105 3 Power House Jhelum river with Hydroelectr small ic Project pondage 32 Malana Power Malana Run of the Surface 1388 2 86 1 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage

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33 Mohora Power Mohora Run of the Surface 2 9 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 34 Mukerian-I Mukerian Canal Drop Canal Drop 290 3 45 3 Power House Hydroelectr ic Project 35 Mukerian-II Mukerian Canal Drop Canal Drop 290 3 45 3 Power House Hydroelectr ic Project 36 Mukerian-III Mukerian Canal Drop Canal Drop 240 3 58.5 3 Power House Hydroelectr ic Project 37 Mukerian-IV Mukerian Canal Drop Canal Drop 240 3 58.5 3 Power House Hydroelectr ic Project 38 Nathpa Jhakri Nathpa Run of the Under 6 1500 1474 3 Power House Jhakri river Ground Hydroelectr ic Project 39 Nimmo-Bazgo Nimmo- Run of the Surface 3 45 3 Power House Bazgo river Hydroelectr ic Project 40 Parbathi III Parbati III Run of the Under 4 520 1314 4 Power House hydroelectr river Ground ic project 41 Parbathi II Power Parbati II Run of the Surface 4 800 2181 4 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 42 Rampur Power Rampur Run of the Surface 6 412.02 1010 3 House Hydroelectr river ic Project 43 Ranjit Sagar Dam Ranjit Sagar Storage Dam Toe 420 4 600 2 Power House Dam

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Hydroelectr ic Project 44 Salal - I and II Salal - I & II Run of the Dam Toe 397 6 690 6 Power House Hydroelectr river ic Project 45 Sanjay Vidyut Sanjay Run of the Under 1504.5 3 120 2410 1 Pariyojna Vidyut river with Ground (Bhabha) Power Pariyojna small House (Bhabha) pondage Hydroelectr ic Project 46 Sewa III Power Sewa-III Run of the Surface 3 9 3 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 47 Sewa-II Power Sewa-II Run of the Surface 3 120 1 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 48 Shanan Power Shanan Run of the Surface 5 110 3 House Hydroelectr river ic Project 49 Sorang Power Sorang Run of the Under 2 100 1 House Hydroelectr river Ground ic Project 50 Stakna Power Stakna Run of the Surface 2 4 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 51 Thirot Power Thirot Run of the Surface 3 4.5 House Hydroelectr river with ic Project small pondage 52 Ubdc-I Power UBDC Canal Drop Canal Drop 310 2 30.45 2 House Hydroelectr ic Project

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 110 Indus (Up to border) Basin

53 Ubdc-II Power UBDC Canal Drop Canal Drop 310 2 30.45 2 House Hydroelectr ic Project 54 Ubdc-III Power UBDC Canal Drop Canal Drop 2 30.45 2 House Hydroelectr ic Project 55 Uhl - III Power Uhl - III Tailrace Surface 3 99.99 4 House Hydroelectr ic Project 56 Upper Sindh I Upper Run of the Surface 2 22.6 1 Power House Sindh river with Hydroelectr small ic Project pondage 57 Upper Sindh II Upper Run of the Surface 1740 3 105 2 Power House Sindh-II river with Hydroelectr small ic Project pondage 58 Uri-I Power Uri-I Run of the Under 1329 4 480 1490.77 4 House Hydroelectr river Ground ic Project 59 Uri-II Power Uri-II Run of the Under 4 240 4 House Hydroelectr river Ground ic Project

F. ERM projects with surrogate information

Sl. Name of Project River Status Districts Benefitted Purpose No. 1 Extn. of phase II of Kandi Canal Ongoing Hoshiarpur, IR (Hosh. to Bala.) Nawanshahr

2 Gang Canal Modernisation Satluj Ongoing Sri Ganganagar IR

3 IGNP Stage-I ERM Ravi- Beas Ongoing Sriganga Nagar, Bikaner, IR Hanumangarh

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4 Mod Of New Pratap Canal Indus/Chenab Completed Jammu IR

5 Mod Of Ranbir Canal Project Chenab Ongoing Jammu IR (Revised Major) (Erm)

6 Mod of Zaingir Canal Nallah Madhumati Completed Baramulla IR

7 Mod. of Ahaji Canal Medium Sukhnag Nallah Ongoing Budgam IR Irrigation Project

8 Mod. of Babul Ferozpora Nallah Completed Baramulla IR Canal(Medium,Erm) Project

9 Mod. of Dadi Canal Medium River Jhelum Ongoing Anantnag IR Irrigation Scheme

10 Mod. of Lar Canal Sukhnag Nalla Ongoing Budgam IR

11 Mod. of Mavkhul Canal Medium Veshow Nallah Completed Anantnag IR Irrigation Project

12 Mod. of Nandi Canal Medium Veshwo nalla Ongoing Anantnag IR Irrigation Project

13 Mod. of Zaingir Canal (Phase-II) Nallah Madhumati Ongoing IR

14 Modern of Grimtoo Canal Veshow Nallah Ongoing Kulgam and Shopian IR

15 Modernisation of Kathua Canal Ravi Completed Kathua IR Med Irrigation Project

16 Modernisation of Martand Lidder Nallah Completed Anantanag IR Canal(Medium,Erm)

17 Modernisation of ravi canal Ravi Ongoing IR

18 Remodelling of Channels of RAVI Completed Amritsar, Gurdaspur IR UBDC System

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19 Remodelling of Awantipura Canal Completed Anantnag, Pulwama IR (Erm)

20 Remodelling of Pratap Canal Indus/Chenab Completed Jammu IR (Erm)

21 Remodelling of Ranbir Canal CHENAB Completed Jammu IR (Erm)

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Annexure V : Inventory of litholog well locations

Lithology in the Basin

Sl. Location Depth Major Static Discharge Draw No. of Total Major rock group No. Drilled Lithology water (lps) down zones thickness (m) level (m) (m) encounter of zones ed/trappe (m) d 1 Abalwali/ Patiala 276.5 Alluvium/ 2.44 2400 10 13 235 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

2 Abhiana Khurd/ 202.5 Alluvium 10.74 1098 6 15 185.5 Un-consolidated Nurpur Bedi Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

3 Abohar 342.29 Alluvium/ NA NA NA Indus/ Satluj

4 Achalpur 398 Alluvium 178 15 282 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

5 Aghampur/ 50 Alluvium 10.3 920 13 1 21.2 Un-consolidated Anandpur Sahib Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

6 Aharwal 351.2 Sand Silt 24.06 2681.5 7 7 131.5 Un-consolidated Clay and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

7 Akhanwali 304.8 8.29 1817 8 7 247.1 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

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8 Aklia/ Bhikhi 248 Alluvium/ 11.02 1116 15 9 192 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

9 Ambala (Prem 560.7 Sand Clay 14.51 2074 13 21 492 Un-consolidated Nagar) and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

10 Aulakh Kalan/ F.G. 375.3 Alluvium/ 17.57 4016 6 18 341.25 Un-consolidated Churian Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

11 Ayalki-ii 202 Sand 15.07 1619 10 4 78.59 Un-consolidated Gravel Sediments (Quaternary and -Recent) Kankar

12 Babial 30.5 Clay Sand 3.8 636 6 1 10 Un-consolidated and Silt Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

13 Badalgarh 251.3 Alluvium/ 15.95 1067 14 9 225 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

14 Bahauddin 288 Clay 28.1 1920 4 11 162 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary and -Recent) Gravel

15 Balana 295.5 Sand Clay 10.16 2165 6 14 213.4 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

16 Balewal 451 Alluvium/ 48.17 708 6 18 399 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

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17 Bambootar Alluvium NA NA NA Indus Satluj

18 Bandiwala 350 Alluvium/ 15 330 Un-consolidated Jalalabad Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

19 Bargodam 132 1 10 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

20 Basant Vihar 355 Alluvium/ 8.87 2544 10 14 299 Un-consolidated Indus/ , Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

21 Batala/ Batala 315.7 Alluvium/ 13 305.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

22 Bathinda Cantt 336.4 Alluvium / 7.26 1734 17 303 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

23 Behjogan 133 Alluvium 28 1279 14 6 93 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

24 Behkittoo 106 Alluvium 11.6 1300 3 55 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

25 Bhabat/ Kharar 449.7 Alluvium 12.16 2407 11 16 377 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

26 Bhadroya/ 115 Alluvium/ 0.73 2105 16 3 34.5 Un-consolidated Pathankot Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary

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Beas -Recent)

27 Bhagal 307.54 Silt Clay 4.74 2328 21 18 264.5 Un-consolidated Sand and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

28 Bhagowali/ 183.5 Alluvium 21.11 946 8 8 136.25 Un-consolidated Rupnagar Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

29 Bhagu Khuian 292 Alluvium/ 8 217 Un-consolidated Sarovar Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

30 Bhainirayan 408 Alluvium/ 1.17 254 3 17 390 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

31 Bhairupa 250 Alluvium / 12.94 1 12 212 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

32 Bhandarian 154 Alluvium 36.12 1567 18 11 112.5 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

33 Bhanmajra 450 Alluvium/ 14.26 3145 9 20 319 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

34 Bharatgarh/ 255.88 Alluvium 17 203 Un-consolidated Nurpur Bed Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

35 Bhikhiwind 308.76 Alluvium 3.96 2750 9 10 278 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

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36 Bhikhowal 311.66 Alluvium 5.79 2301 9 4 86.87 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

37 Bhoparai/ Patti 454.1 Alluvium 6.12 3615 14 13 394.5 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

38 Bhundar/ 304.3 Alluvium/ 7.05 1268 6 10 194 Un-consolidated Sardulgarh Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

39 Bhunga 458.11 Alluvium 5.71 2296 11 15 219 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

40 Bhuntal Khurd 250.6 Alluvium/ 10.83 1200 5 12 208 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

41 Bichpuri 350 17.95 6 215 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

42 Binewal 375 Alluvium 8 147 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

43 Borewal/ Bhikhi 252 Alluvium/ 7.72 1173 5 9 225 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

44 Bringli 109.2 Alluvium 62.06 994 1 4 48 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

45 Bugra 246.03 Alluvium/ 3.49 3330 7 11 215.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary

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Ghaggar -Recent)

46 Butewalan Makhu 302 Alluvium/ 1.75 4840 16 9 198.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

47 Chabal/ Gandiwind 452.32 Alluvium 2.79 3150 5 12 433 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

48 Chhatbir/ Rajpura 300 Alluvium/ 15 235.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

49 Churanawali 453.75 Alluvium/ 12 425 Un-consolidated Fazilka Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

50 Court Area 450.38 Sand Clay 15.16 1521 5 8 179 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

51 Dabkheri 131 Silt Clay 10.09 4140 6 8 118 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

52 Dairy Complex 330 Alluvium/ 6.02 3145 14 15 288 Un-consolidated Indus/ , Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

53 Dakhtian 310 Alluvium/ 57.3 735 5 14 236 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

54 Deepsingh Wala 350 Alluvia, 3.48 3885 15 332 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

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55 Dekoha/ Sh. H.G. 300 Alluvium/ 7.09 3053 7 14 277.5 Un-consolidated Pur Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

56 Dera 390 Sand Silt 26.3 3293 3 22 311 Un-consolidated Clay and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

57 Dhappar/ Dera 308.3 Alluvium 33 2680 21 32 291.5 Un-consolidated Bassi Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

58 Dhudyanwali 265 Sand Clay 13.84 1240 8 8 222 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

59 Dingsara 306.3 Sand 17.59 2264 11 6 152.8 Un-consolidated gravle Sediments (Quaternary Clay -Recent) kanker

60 Dulwan Khadri/ 300.93 Alluvium 10 189 Un-consolidated Majri Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

61 Ellenabad 304 Sand and 5 193 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary with Clay -Recent)

62 Fatehabad 287.12 Sand Clay 17.61 438 10 7 137 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

63 Fatehgarh 183.2 Sand Clay 3.35 3259 11 8 156.05 Un-consolidated Kheragaon and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

64 Fatehgarhnigra 459.33 Alluvium 17.5 2298 6 10 288.5 Un-consolidated

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Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

65 Gajpur/ Anandpur 226 Alluvium 12 169.5 Un-consolidated Sahib Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

66 Gandri Jalalabad 314.66 Alluvium/ 3 50.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

67 Garh (Gulamgarh)/ 308.64 Alluvium 6.41 5670 5 9 298 Un-consolidated Philaur Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

68 Garh Shankar 55 Alluvium 10.85 5 29 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

69 Garhmal/ 97 Alluvium/ 9.4 973 13 6 81 Un-consolidated Pathankot Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

70 Gazikot 288.3 Alluvium/ 2.29 3705 5 9 245 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

71 Gulabgarh 297.9 Alluvium / 17.08 1500 3 7 215 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

72 Gumaniwala 325 Alluvium/ 14.59 12 308 Un-consolidated Jalalabad Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

73 Gurnamnagar 373.06 Alluvium/ 7.75 1310 5 16 335 Un-consolidated Indus/ , Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

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74 Habbowal Kalan 341 Alluvium/ 5.91 2816 10 13 261 Un-consolidated Indus/ , Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

75 Hajipur 261 Alluvium 41 700 4 7 79 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

76 Hamirgarh 253.25 Alluvium/ 14.01 2051 5 10 200 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

77 Hariana 353.92 Alluvium 2 92 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

78 Harnampur/ 301 Alluvium 29.8 833 17 8 77.5 Un-consolidated Rupnagar Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

79 Haroli 298.09 Clay 9 230 Un-consolidated mixed Sediments (Quaternary with -Recent) Kankar

80 Hazipur 181 Alluvium 11 1612 7 10 152 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

81 Helron 447.8 Alluvium 26 382 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

82 Hironkalan/ Bhikhi 250 Alluvium/ 11.85 1132 5 9 226 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

83 Hudia 350 17.12 1609 3 10 187 Un-consolidated

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Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

84 Icc Ground 152.1 Sand and 24.39 1090 9 6 80.5 Un-consolidated Clay Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

85 Jalalpur 455 Alluvium 0.97 2930 5 15 408 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

86 Jamalpur 304.8 Sand 9.18 2121 12 202 Un-consolidated kanker Sediments (Quaternary and -Recent) Gravel

87 Jamrai/ Naushera 500 Alluvium 6.55 4504 10 19 450 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

88 Janauri 304.8 Alluvium 47.45 500 10 14 253 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

89 Janauri-I 182 Alluvium 18.86 3478 8 10 125.5 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

90 Jatana Kalan/ 380.6 Alluvium/ 10 284 Un-consolidated Sardulgarh Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

91 Jaulikalan/ Dera 562.97 Alluvium 47.15 22 497.5 Un-consolidated Bassi Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

92 Jauneka/ Naushera 453 Alluvium 10.74 484.5 6 20 437.5 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary

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-Recent)

93 Jhag/ Nurpur Bedi 201.4 Alluvium 12.93 1500 13 9 173 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

94 Jhingra Kalan/ 460.24 Alluvium 25.95 1440 12 13 366 Un-consolidated Majri Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

95 Jian 155.45 Alluvium 2 42 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

96 Juner 350 Alluvium/ 27.62 2877 5 20 307 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

97 Kapahat 430.19 Alluvium 45.56 1704 6 24 388 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

98 Karandi 243.03 Sand and 7.13 4116 8 8 221 Un-consolidated Clay Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

99 Karman Mamdot 300 Alluvium/ 3.11 3706 4 7 116.05 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

100 Khanpur Khui/ 201.38 Alluvium 12.24 682 30 10 198 Un-consolidated Nurpur Bedi Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

101 Khelan Dengri 31 Sand and 2.14 636 8 2 5 Un-consolidated (Riverbed) Clay Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

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102 Kheliwala 545 Alluvium / 8.62 1006 47 22 517.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

103 Khiwa Khurd/ 350 Alluvium/ 6.13 1817 6 17 299 Un-consolidated Bhikh Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

104 Khiwa 250 Alluvium/ 11.51 1132 8 7 201 Un-consolidated Miansingwala/ Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Bhikhi Ghaggar -Recent)

105 Khizrabad/ Majri 301 Alluvium 7.22 870 22 14 272 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

106 Khojkipur 28 Sand Clay 6.25 248 6 2 8 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

107 Khuddar 307.93 Alluvium 2700 4 4 79.23 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

108 Kohala (Iopoke) 450 Alluvium 1.79 4510 6 17 427.5 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

109 Kot-bhai 331 Alluvium/ 4.95 986 6 15 266.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

110 Kotla 302 Sand Silt 25 507 6 16 284.5 Un-consolidated Clay and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

111 Koulpur 178.5 Alluvium 6.36 3244 5 6 129 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary

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Beas -Recent)

112 Kumharwala 422 Alluvium/ 31.67 200 3 15 409 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

113 Labbar 111.7 Alluvium 56.81 800 7 3 43 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

114 Ladhuwala 310.52 Alluvium/ 16.63 12 225 Un-consolidated Lalalabad Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

115 Laha 174.96 Sand Clay 15.7 3032 6 7 129.24 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

116 Lahri/ Jhunir 264 Alluvium/ 4 182 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

117 Lohgarh/ 336 Alluvium/ 8.8 1893 9 13 244 Un-consolidated Sardulgarh Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

118 Mahalanwali 309.3 Alluvium 25.42 1200 12 9 234 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

119 Mahendpur Saroya 350 Alluvium/ 16.04 1500 5 5 54 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

120 Majumdar Line-I 445 Sand Clay 18.44 1741 9 22 388 Un-consolidated Silt Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

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121 Majumdar Lines-II 352.5 Sand Clay 24.72 1335 21 327.5 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

122 Malkowal 401.8 Alluvium 12 195 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

123 Malleka 287 Silt Clay 11.16 2676 5 9 211 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary and -Recent) Gravel

124 Manakpur 176 24.65 1616 17 9 106 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

125 Mansa 13m Bhikhi/ 275 Alluvium/ 20.05 3000 8 9 239 Un-consolidated Bhikhi Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

126 Masahabwalla 304 Sand 3.8 3706 4 5 84.5 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent) and Clay

127 Mathana 456.44 Clay 9 1893.33 12 7 104 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary Sand and -Recent) Gravel

128 Mauzam Fazilka 347 Alluvium/ 9.68 2268 10 309 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

129 Mithari 151 Sand Clay 26.9 120 3 8 129 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

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130 Moginand 355 50.13 520 12 8 230 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

131 Mohan Ka Hithar 417 Alluvium/ 4.65 3010 3 12 400.5 Un-consolidated Guruharshai Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

132 Moharsinghwala 454.23 Alluvium/ 2.51 3478 6 20 437.5 Un-consolidated Jalalabad Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

133 Motinagar 360 Alluvium/ 19.8 13 299 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

134 Mullo-wali/ D.B. 276.9 Alluvium/ 1.96 4122 16 10 249.03 Un-consolidated Nanak Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

135 Nawanshahar 352 17.12 5 52 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

136 Nayiala 154.23 Alluvium 24.3 3.64 1 18 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

137 Nezadila Kalan 301 Sand Clay 6.28 2419 8 8 263 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

138 Nurpur Khurd/ 200.3 Alluvium 20.26 1143 19 15 161.9 Un-consolidated Nurpur Bedi Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

139 Odhan 306 Sand 7 180 Un-consolidated mixed Sediments (Quaternary

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with caly -Recent) & Kankar

140 Otu-ii 226 Sand Clay 3.56 3000 15 10 204 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

141 Panchkla Sector-1 220.5 52.1 2130 5 6 139 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

142 Panchkula Sector-1 197 68 3 95 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

143 Panchkula Sector-7 NA NA NA

144 Panipat Lines 452.12 Sand Silt 17.9 636 7 17 266 Un-consolidated and Clay Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

145 Pattikhas 455.68 Alluvium 5.36 600 11 20 421 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

146 Phulka 268 Sand Clay 25.75 1288 8 11 216 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Kankar -Recent)

147 Pinjokra 447 Sand and 13.71 636 11 15 271 Un-consolidated Clay Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

148 Purkkhali/ 337.74 Alluvium 30.24 748 10 17 212 Un-consolidated Rupnagar Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

149 Race Course 449.55 Silt Clay 16.72 450 11 20 388 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary

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and Sand -Recent)

150 Raghowal 126.19 Alluvium 55.64 760 5 6 67 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

151 Rajwal 141.5 Alluvium 43.11 1127 11 4 54 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

152 Ramnagar 151 Silt Clay 21.15 1374 3 4 50 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

153 Rampur Mandir/ 281.9 Alluvium/ 10 239 Un-consolidated Budladhar Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

154 Rasulpurkhera 550.47 Indus 8.58 2500 9 9 152 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

155 Regiment Bazar 452.3 Clay Sand 16.14 1336 5 15 256.5 Un-consolidated and Silt Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

156 Rukhi Pukhta/ 307.54 Alluvium 20.35 1722 8 9 265 Un-consolidated Kharar Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

157 Sahuwala 303 Clay 8 270 Un-consolidated mixed Sediments (Quaternary with -Recent) Kankar and Sand

158 Sangriwala/ Majri 275.8 Alluvium 37.33 1077 6 11 214.45 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary

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-Recent)

159 Sansarpur 405.5 Alluvium 16.08 650 43 16 373 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

160 Satamajra/ Kharar 452 Alluvium 28 401.75 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

161 Shahpur 261 Alluvium 35.69 950 3 3 49 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

162 Sherkhanwala 454.41 Alluvium/ 1.57 4840 8 19 440 Un-consolidated Galkhurd Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

163 Sherpur Thana 210 Alluvium/ 11 179 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

164 Singha-II/ 85 Alluvium/ 25.03 912 13 10 160 Un-consolidated Sardulgarh Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

165 Sirsa 298 Sand Clay 8.82 1625 17 6 225.5 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary and -Recent) Gravel

166 Sohana/ Kharar 307.54 Alluvium 9.69 1984 8 NA NA NA

167 Sosan 350.3 Alluvium/ 21.08 1750 8 9 188 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

168 Sultanpur/majri 310.28 Alluvium 22.05 1533 5 20 278 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary

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-Recent)

169 Tajoke 256.7 Alluvium/ 4.75 2500 5 10 217.5 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

170 Talwara 137 Alluvium 3.4 1196 24 8 114 Un-consolidated Indus Sediments (Quaternary Beas -Recent)

171 Taragarh/ N.S. 302.5 Alluvium/ 0.29 3244 11 18 293.5 Un-consolidated Singh Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

172 Tatiana 250.5 6 1200 3 6 54.5 Un-consolidated Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

173 Teh Qualandar 157 Alluvium/ 10.09 2188 13 277 Un-consolidated Fazilka Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Satluj -Recent)

174 Tejakhera 306.32 Sand Silt 8 228.5 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent) and Clay

175 Thathi/ Dinanagar 312 Alluvium/ 0.17 3704 10 15 305 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

176 Tibba Nangal/ Alluvium 18.9 1098 16 8 136.5 Un-consolidated Nurpur Bedi Sediments (Quaternary -Recent)

177 Tikra 463.3 Clay 4.08 3785 17 19 405 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary Sand and -Recent)

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Gravel

178 Ubeh 253 Alluvium/ 11 239 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ghaggar -Recent)

179 Unchipalli Banga 303.58 Alluvium/ 3.56 3900 10 12 294 Un-consolidated Indus/ Sediments (Quaternary Ravi -Recent)

180 Uplana 477.13 Sand Clay 1.66 300 10 21 270 Un-consolidated and Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

181 Usmanwala 310.64 Alluvium/ 2.53 3478 12 NA NA NA Firojpur Indus/ Satluj

182 Zalanla 334.42 Sand Clay 17.44 2336 6 8 143.5 Un-consolidated Kankar Sediments (Quaternary Gravel -Recent)

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 133 Indus (Up to border) Basin

Annexure VI: Salient features of Hydro-Meteorological stations

Salient features of Hydro-Meteorological Stations

Sl. Name type Independent Regional office Division Drainage Zero of Gauge Station Status No. river area (m) bank (Sq. Km.) 1 Akhnoor GDSQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 21808 305.19 Left Existing Chandigarh 2 Barshani Indus IBO, Snow Hyd. Right Existing Chandigarh Shimla 3 Batote SHO Indus IBO, Existing Chandigarh 4 Chillatop SHO Indus IBO, Existing Chandigarh 5 Dhamkund GDSQ Indus IBO, CD, Jammu 21808 600 Left Existing Chandigarh 6 Ghousal GDS Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 2490 2849.46 Right Existing Chandigarh 7 Gulabgarh GDS Indus IBO, CD,Jammu Existing Chandigarh 8 Jammu Tawi GDSQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 2168 290 Left Existing Chandigarh 9 Khanabal GD Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 1290 1587 Left Existing Chandigarh 10 Kidur G Chenab IBO, CD,Jammu Existing Chandigarh 11 Kothi-SHO Indus IBO, Snow Hyd. 139 Existing Chandigarh Shimla 12 Miyarnalla GD Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 860.89 2612.07 Left Existing Chandigarh 13 Nathpa G Indus IBO, Snow Hyd. 1434 Left Existing Chandigarh Shimla 14 Nunwan GD Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 585 2094 Left Existing

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Chandigarh 15 Pandowa GD Indus IBO, Snow Hyd. Existing Chandigarh Shimla 16 Powari GD Indus IBO, Snow Hyd. 1933 Right Existing Chandigarh Shimla 17 Premnagar GDSQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 15490 886.31 Left Existing Chandigarh 18 Rammunshi GDQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 3994 1578 Right Existing Bagh Chandigarh 19 Rampur GD Indus IBO, Snow Hyd. 909 Left Existing Chandigarh Shimla 20 Safapora GDQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 1574.5 Left Existing Chandigarh 21 Sangam GDQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 3094 1585 Right Existing Chandigarh 22 Sirshi G Indus IBO, CD,Jammu Existing Chandigarh 23 Tandi GDSQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 1530 2846.42 Left Existing Chandigarh 24 Titang G Indus IBO, Snow Hyd. 2450 Left Existing Chandigarh Shimla 25 Udaipur GDSQ Indus IBO, CD,Jammu 5764 2600.33 Right Existing Chandigarh 26 Ujh Dam Site GD Indus IBO, CD,Jammu Existing Chandigarh

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 135 Indus (Up to border) Basin

Annexure VII: Inventory of water tourism sites

A. Water Tourism Sites in the Basin

Sl. No. Name Type Waterbody WB Relation District State 1 Amar Mahal Palace Museums / Tawi River Near by Jammu Jammu & Kashmir Monument

2 Amarnath Shrine Pilgrimage (Temple) Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir

3 Anandpur Sahib Pilgrimage (Temple) Satluj River Near by Rupnagar Punjab

4 Arki Fort Fort Solan Himachal Pradesh

5 Baddo Protected Forest Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh

6 Bag Protected Forest Protected Forest Satluj River Near by Shimla Himachal Pradesh

7 Bagh-e-bahu Fort Tawi River Near by Jammu Jammu & Kashmir

8 Baihklar Protected Forest Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh

9 Baijnath Temple Pilgrimage (Temple) Beas River Near by Kangra Himachal Pradesh

10 Bainsh Protected Forest Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh

11 Bajhol Protected Forest Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh

12 Bakhdail Protected Forest Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh

13 Ban Ka Ghat Protected Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh Forest

14 Bara Pandas Protected Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh Forest

15 Barag Ka Nal Protected Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh

16 Bariyal Reserved Forest Reserved Forest Shimla Himachal Pradesh

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17 Bariyal Protected Forest Protected Forest Solan Himachal Pradesh

18 Beas Pilgrimage (Temple) Beas On Amritsar Punjab

19 Bhakra Dam Dam Satluj River On Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh

20 Bhargan Protected Forest Protected Forest Satluj River Near by Shimla Himachal Pradesh

21 Bhima Devi Temple Pilgrimage (Temple) Ghaggar River Near by Panchkula Haryana

22 Bhimakali Temple Pilgrimage (Temple) Satluj River Near by Shimla Himachal Pradesh

23 Bhuri Singh Museum Museums / Ravi River Near by Chamba Himachal Pradesh Monument

24 Brahma Sarovar Pilgrimage (Temple) Brahma Sarovar On Kurukshetra Haryana

25 Cactus Garden Tourist Spot Ghaggar River Near by Panchkula Haryana

26 Chamba Major Tourist Spot Beas River Near by Chamba Himachal Pradesh

27 Chamera Lake Lake Ravi River Near by Chamba Himachal Pradesh

28 Chandra Taal Lake Chandra Taal Near by Lahul & Spiti Himachal Pradesh

29 Dal Lake Lake Jhelum River Near by Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir

30 Dalhousie Hill Station Ravi River Near by Chamba Himachal Pradesh

31 Dashir Lake Lake Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh

32 Dharamshala Major Tourist Spot Beas River Near by Kangra Himachal Pradesh

33 Durgiana Temple (lakshmi Pilgrimage (Temple) Sri Durgiana sarovar On Amritsar Punjab Narain Temple)

34 Gobind Sagar Reservoir Reservoir Gobind Sagar Reservoir On Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh

35 Goindwal Sahib Pilgrimage (Temple) Beas River Near by Amritsar Punjab

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36 Golden Temple(harmander Pilgrimage (Temple) Darbar Sahib sarovar On Amritsar Punjab Sahib)

37 Gulmarg Hill Station Jhelum River On Baramula Jammu & Kashmir

38 Gurudwara Ber Sahib Pilgrimage (Temple) Gurudwara Ber Sahib On Kapurthala Punjab sarovar

39 Harsh Ka Tila Fort Kurukshetra Haryana

40 Hidimba Devi Temple Pilgrimage (Temple) Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh

41 Jyotisar Pilgrimage (Temple) Kurukshetra Haryana

42 Kalibanga Major Tourist Spot Hanumangarh Rajasthan

43 Kangra Fort Fort Maharana Pratap Sagar Near by Kangra Himachal Pradesh

44 Kapal Mochan Pilgrimage (Temple) Epic ponds. On Yamunanagar Haryana

45 Kasauli Hill Station Sirsa River Near by Solan Himachal Pradesh

46 Khajjiar Lake Lake Khajjiar Lake Near by Chamba Himachal Pradesh

47 Khalsa Heritage Complex Major Tourist Spot Satluj River Near by Rupnagar Punjab

48 Kulu Major Tourist Spot Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh

49 Kurukshetra Pilgrimage (Temple) Kurukshetra Haryana

50 Ladakh Lakes( Pangong Lake) Lake Pangong Lake On Leh (Ladakh) Jammu & Kashmir

51 Maharana Pratap Sagar Lake Maharana Pratap Sagar On Kangra Himachal Pradesh

52 Manali Hill Station Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh

53 Manasbal Lake Lake Jhelum River On Baramula Jammu & Kashmir

54 Manikaran Pilgrimage (Temple) Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh

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55 Manimahesh Lake Lake Beas River Near by Chamba Himachal Pradesh

56 Mansar Lake Lake Mansar Lake On Jammu Jammu & Kashmir

57 Markandye Temple Pilgrimage (Temple) Markanda river On Kurukshetra Haryana

58 Nada Sahib Pilgrimage (Temple) Ghagghar River Near by Panchkula Haryana

59 Nagin Lake Lake Jhelum River Near by Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir

60 Nahan Major Tourist Spot Beas River Near by Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh

61 Naina Devi Pilgrimage (Temple) Govind Sagar Near by Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh

62 Nako Lake Lake Nako Lake Near by Kinnaur Himachal Pradesh

63 Nangal Dam Dam Satluj River On Rupnagar Punjab

64 Narkanda Major Tourist Spot Satluj River Near by Shimla Himachal Pradesh

65 Nasem Bagh Park Major Tourist Spot Dal Lake On Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir

66 Nishat Bagh (Mughal Major Tourist Spot Dal Lake On Srinagar Jammu & Kashmir Garden)

67 Pahalgam Major Tourist Spot Pahalgam On Anantnag Jammu & Kashmir

68 Pehowa Pilgrimage (Temple) Sarsawati River On Kurukshetra Haryana

69 Pinjor Tourist Spot Ghaggar River On Panchkula Haryana

70 Raison Major Tourist Spot Beas Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh

71 Ram Tirath Temple Pilgrimage (Temple) Sri Ram teerth Sarovar On Amritsar Punjab

72 Ramgarh Fort Fort Ghagghar River Near by Panchkula Haryana

73 Ranjit Sagar Dam Dam Ranjeet Sagar Reservoir On Kathua Jammu & Kashmir

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74 Rewalsar Lake Lake Beas River Near by Mandi Himachal Pradesh

75 Rock Garden Museums / Sukhna Lake Near by Chandigarh Chandigarh Monument

76 Rohtang Pass Major Tourist Spot Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh

77 Saraswati Tank Pilgrimage (Temple) Saraswati Tank On Kurukshetra Haryana

78 Sasher Kangri Peak Nubra River Near by Leh (Ladakh) Jammu & Kashmir

79 Sheikh Chehli's Tomb Fort Kurukshetra Haryana

80 Sissu Waterfall Waterfall Beas River Near by Lahul & Spiti Himachal Pradesh

81 State Museum Museums / Beas River Near by Shimla Himachal Pradesh Monument

82 Sthaneshwar Mahadev Pilgrimage (Temple) Kurukshetra Haryana Temple

83 Sukhna Lake Lake Sukhna Lake On Chandigarh Chandigarh

84 Suraj Tal Lake Bhaga River Near by Lahul & Spiti Himachal Pradesh

85 Surinsar Lake Lake Surinsar Lake On Jammu Jammu & Kashmir

86 Tabo Gompa Major Tourist Spot Satluj River Near by Lahul & Spiti Himachal Pradesh

87 Tarn Taran Major Tourist Spot Amritsar Punjab

88 Tattapani Hot Spring Satluj River Near by Mandi Himachal Pradesh

89 Tikkar Taal Lake Tikkar Taal On Panchkula Haryana

90 Tsomoriri Lake Lake Tsomoriri Lake On Leh (Ladakh) Jammu & Kashmir

91 Wular Lake Lake Jhelum River Near by Baramula Jammu & Kashmir

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92 Yadavindra Garden Tourist Spot Ghaggar River Near by Panchkula Haryana

B. Wildlife Sanctuaries / National Parks in the Basin

Sl. Name Waterbody WB Relation District State Mammals Birds No. 1 Abohar Firozpur Nilgaur, BlackBuck, Black & Grey Her patridge, Dove, Peacock 2 Bandli Beas River On Mandi Himachal Leopard, Bharal Cheer Pheasant, Pradesh Hawks 3 Bir Bunnerheri Fatehgarh Punjab Sahib 4 Bir Motibagh Patiala Punjab Blackbuck 5 Dachigam National Dagwan River Near by Data Not Jammu & Leopard,Leopard Park Available Kashmir Cat, Snow Leopard, Kashmir Stag, Musk Deer, Serow, Himalayan Marmot 6 Darlaghat Wildlife Satluj River Near by Solan Himachal Leopard Sanctuary Pradesh 7 Gamgul Siah-Behi Chamba Himachal Pradesh 8 Gobindsagar Wildlife Govind Sagar On Bilaspur Himachal Waterfowl Sanctuary Pradesh 9 Great Himalayan Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Himalayan Thar, Western National Park Pradesh Serrow, Musk Deer, Tragopan, Monal Bharal, Leopard, Pheasant, Cheer Wolf, Flying Squirrel Pheasant 10 Hemis National Park Indus River Near by Leh (Ladakh) Jammu & Snow Leopard, Snow Cock Kashmir Wolf, Marmot 11 Jasrota Barla River On Kathua Jammu & Peacock Kashmir 12 Kais Kullu Himachal

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Pradesh 13 Kalatop and Khajjiar Chamba Himachal Leopard, Leopard Monal Pheasant, Pradesh cat, Musk Deer, Hawks Serow 14 Kanawar Wildlife Beas River Near by Lahul & Spiti Himachal Himalayan Thar, Tragopan Sanctuary Pradesh Serrow, Musk Deer, Pheasant, Monal Bharal, Leopard, Pheasant, Cheer Flying Squirrel Pheasant 15 Khokhan Kangra Himachal Pradesh 16 Kibber Wildlife Satluj River On Lahul & Spiti Himachal Sanctuary Pradesh 17 Kishtwar Doda Jammu & Kashmir 18 Kugti Chamba Himachal Pradesh 19 Lippa Asrang Wildlife Satluj River Near by Kinnaur Himachal Sanctuary Pradesh 20 Majathal Hasrang Satluj River Near by Bilaspur Himachal Wildlife Sanctuary Pradesh 21 Manali Lahul & Spiti Himachal Pradesh 22 Naina Devi Soan River Near by Una Himachal Pradesh 23 Nandni Jammu Jammu & Kashmir 24 Nargu Wildlife Beas River Near by Kangra Himachal Sanctuary Pradesh 25 Overa-Aru Laddar River On Anantnag Jammu & Kashmir 26 Pin Valley National Beas River Near by Lahul & Spiti Himachal Park Pradesh 27 Rakchham Chitkul Satluj River Near by Kinnaur Himachal Pradesh 28 Ramnagar Chenab River On Jammu Jammu &

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Kashmir 29 Rupi Bhawa Satluj River Near by Kinnaur Himachal Pradesh 30 Sechu Tuan Nala Chamba Himachal Pradesh 31 Shikaridevi Beas River Near by Kullu Himachal Pradesh 32 Shilli Ghagghar River Near by Solan Himachal Pradesh 33 Simbalbara Giri River On Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh 34 Surinsar Mansar Jammu Jammu & Kashmir 35 Tirthan Beas River On Kullu Himachal Pradesh 36 Abohar Firozpur Nilgaur, BlackBuck, Black & Grey Her patridge, Dove, Peacock

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Acronyms AEZ Agro-Ecological Zones AIA Annual Irrigated Area AIBP Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme APGCL Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited AWS Automatic Weather Stations BCB Bansagar Control Board BCM Billion Cubic Metre BIS Bureau of Indian Standards BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BR Balancing Reservoir BRB Betwa River Board BWA Barrage Weir Anicut C&SRO Cauvery and Southern Rivers Organization CAZRI Central Arid Zone Research Institute CBIP Central Board of Irrigation & Power CCA Culturable Command Area CEA Central Electricity Authority CGWB Central Ground Water Board Ch Chainage CIWTC Central Inland Water Transport Corporation CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CSMRS Central Soil & Materials Research Station cumec cubic metre per sec cusec cubic foot per sec CWC Central Water Commission CWPRS Central Water and Power Research Station D Discharge DEM Digital Elevation Model DOS Department of Space DVC Damodar Valley Corporation EC Electrical Conductivity EFR East Flowing Rivers ERM Extension, Renovation and Modernization ETP Effluent Treatment Plant EW Exploratory Well FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FC Flood Control FF Flood Forecasting FMP Flood Management Programme FRL Full Reservoir Level G Gauge GCA Gross Command Area GD Gauge and Discharge

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GDQ Gauge, Discharge and Water Quality GDS Gauge, Discharge and Sediment GDSQ Gauge, Discharge, Sediment and Water Quality GFCC Ganga Flood Control Commission GIS Geographical Information System GOI Government of India GPI Grossly Polluting Industries GSC Gross Storage Capacity ha Hectare HE Hydro-Electric HFL Highest Flood Level HO Hydrological Observation hrs Hours I&CAD Irrigation and Command Area Development IBO Indus Basin Organization IBTL Inter-Basin Transfer Link IBWT Inter-Basin Water Transfer ICAR Indian Council of Agricultural Research ICPO Irrigation-Cum-Power Outlet IM Moisture Index IMD Indian Meteorological Department India-WRIS India-Water Resources Information System IR Irrigation IRS Indian Remote Sensing ISRO Indian Space Research Organization IWAI Inland Waterways Authority of India IWT Inland Water Transport K&GBO Krishna and Godavari Basin Organization km Kilometre LBC Left Bank Canal LGP Length of Growing Period LISS Linear Imaging Self-scanning Sensor lps Litres Per Second LSC Live Storage Capacity LULC Land Use Land Cover m metre M&ERO Mahanadi and Eastern Rivers Organization MAF Million Acre Feet MCM Million Cubic metre Mcum Million Cubic metre MDDL Minimum Draw Down Level mg/l Milligram per Litre MI Minor Irrigation MLD Million Liters per Day

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mm Millimetres MMIR Major and Medium Irrigation MOSDAC Meteorological & Oceanographic Satellite Data Archival Centre MoU Memorandum of Understanding MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MPN Most Probable Number MSL Mean Sea Level MU Million Units MW Mega Watt NA Navigation NBO Narmada Basin Organization NBSS & LUP National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning NEEPCO North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited NEIC North Eastern Investigation Circle NF No Flow NGRBA National Ganga River Basin Authority NHPC National Hydro Power Corporation Limited NRLD National Register of Large Dam NRSC National Remote Sensing Centre NW National Waterway NWDA National Water Development Authority NWMP Northern Water Monitoring Programme NWP National Water Policy OW Observatory Well P Precipitation PET Potential Evapotranspiration PH Power House pH puissance de Hydrogen ppm parts per million PS Pisciculture PW Peizometre Well Q Water Quality R&R Rehabilitation and Resettlement RBC Right Bank Canal RF Rainfall RRR Repair, Renovation and Restoration RRSC Regional Remote Sensing Centre RSC Residual Sodium Carbonate S Sediment SAC Standing Advisory Committee SAR Sodium Absorption Ratio SD Sub Division SMCS Soil Moisture Control Section SOI Survey of India

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Sq. km Square Kilometres SRTM Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission TAC Technical Advisory Committee TBO Tapi Basin Organization TC Total Coliform TDS Total Dissolved Solids Th ha Thousand Hectare THDC Tehri Hydro Development Corporation TW Tube well UGBO Upper Ganga Basin Organization UIP Ultimate Irrigation Potential UJVNL Uttarkhand Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UPJVNL Uttar Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited UT Union Territory WB Water Body WFR West Flowing Rivers WMO World Meteorological Organization WS Water Supply

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References

1. India-Water Resources Information System: www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 2. River Basin Atlas of India, India-WRIS, 2012. RRSC-West, NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur, India. 3. Sharad K.Jain, Pushpendra K.Agarwal and Vijay P. Singh (2007). Hydrology and Water Resources of India, Springer, The Netherlands, pp. 473-497. 4. A.N Raina et al. (1971). India-A Regional Geography (Eds.: R.L.Singh. et al.). National Geography Society,Varansi, pp.347-389. 5. S.L. Kayastha et al. (1971). India - A Regional Geography (Eds.: R.L. Singh. et al.). National Geography Society, Varansi, pp.390-442. 6. Spate, O.H.K. & A.T.A. Learmonth (1967). India and Pakistan - A general and Regional Geography,Methuen & Co, London, pp. 438-39. 7. Wadia, D.N (1949). Geology of India, London,279. 8. Ground Water Quality in shallow aquifers of India, Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India (2010). 9. Aquifer Systems of India, Central Ground Water Board,Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India (2012). 10. Report of the Irrigation Commission, Ministry of Irrigation and Power, New Delhi (1972). 11. Agro-Ecological Regions of India (Technical Bulletin, NBSS Publ.24; National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning)

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 148 Indus (Up to border) Basin

Authors ISRO Officials CWC Officials

Dr. V.K. Dadhwal Er. A.Mahendran Director Member (WP & P) National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) Central Water Commission ISRO, Department of Space, Govt. of India New Delhi Balanagar, Hyderabad

Dr. J.R. Sharma Er. W.M. Tembhurney Project Director, India-WRIS Project & Chief Engineer (EMO) Chief General Manager Central Water Commission Regional Remote Sensing Centres - NRSC/ ISRO New Delhi DOS Branch Secretariat, Loknayak Bhawan New Delhi

Dr. A.K. Bera Er R.K.Jain Scientist/Engineer ‘SF’ Chief Engineer (BPMO) Regional Remote Sensing Centre-West Central Water Commission NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur New Delhi

Ms. Suman Gurjar Er. YogeshPaithankar Research Scientist Director Regional Remote Sensing Centre-West Remote Sensing Directorate NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur Central Water Commission, New Delhi

Ms. Jyotsana Chuchra Er. Alok Paul Kalsi Research Scientist Deputy Director Regional Remote Sensing Centre-West Remote Sensing Directorate NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur Central Water Commission, New Delhi

www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 149 Indus (Up to border) Basin

India-WRIS Project Team ISRO Officials CWC Officials

Project Director Dr. J R Sharma Project In-charge Er. Yogesh Paithankar, Director Convener (S/W) Sh. P G Diwakar

Quality Assurance Sh. V M Bothale, Sh. M V Ravikumar, Dr. S S Rao, Dy. Project In-charge Dr. S N Das, Sh. D S P Rao, Ms. A Vijaya Banu, Er. Alok Paul Kalsi, Dy. Director Team Sh. Chandrasekaran, Sh. D J Chutia Er. Prashant Kumar Gupta, Dy. Director

Convener (Database) Dr. A Jeyaram Quality Assurance Dr. S Sudhakar, Sh. Uday Raj, Dr. M Kudrat, Ms. Rajashree V Bothale, Dr. D Dutta, Technical Guidance Team Dr. G Ravishankar, Sh. S Pathak, Dr. K K Sarma Er. C K Agarwal, Chief Engineer (B & BBO) Er. W M Tembhurney, Chief Engineer EMO Sh. Shantanu B., Sh.Uday Raj, Dr. A T Jeyaseelan Project Coordinators Er R.K. Jain, Chief Engineer (BPMO) Project Managers Dr. A K Bera, Dr. B K Bhadra, Sh. S Pathak, Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Groups and Work Project Leads & Project Research Scientists at DPDs & Project Team Components Scientists at Lead Lead Centre Scientists Centre

S/W Design, Sh. Gaurav Kumar Ms. Suman Gurjar Sh. Vinod M Bothale Er. Navin Kumar, Director Ms. Pragya Chaturvedi Sh. Shantanu B Architecture, Sh. K S Srinivasan Er. S N Abraham, Director Ms. Shilpa Taneja Sh. K Nagajyothi Integration, Data Sh. Hansraj Meena Security, Web Ms. S V Pravalika Sh. S S Rajashekhar Er. R Azhagesan, Director Hosting & Website Ms. Divya Mishra Sh. Harish Karnatak Ms. Jyotsana Chuchra Sh. D Giribabu Er. Ashish Banerjee, Director Mr. Samuel Lourdraj C Dr. A V Suresh Babu Er. Rajiv Kumar, Director Mr. Rahul Sharma Sh. E Sivasankar Mr. Piyush Dubey Er. Piyush Ranjan, Executive Engineer Mr. V Srinivasa Reddy Ms. Chitra S Pai Er. Pankaj Sharma, Dy. Director Database Dr. A K Bera Dr. M C Gupta Ms. Manasa Devi B Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Dr. S N Das Organization & Geo- Mr. Mohamed Ali S Er. Amarjit Singh, Dy. Director database Standards Dr. S S Rao Ms. Hemlata Gehlot Er. S K Chaturvedi, Dy. Director Mr. Amit Kumar Sh. K Abdul Hakeem Mr. Devdatta Tengshe Er. Y S Varshney, Executive Engineer Dr. V V Rao Legacy Data ISRO Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Mr. Jai Prakash Jyani Projects Mr. Munish Gorsi Dr. G Ravishankar Er. Manoj Paunikar, Executive Engineer Sh. Ashish Kumar Jain Dr. A V Suresh Babu Ms. Deepika Acharaya Er. Amitabh Prabhakar, Executive Engineer Ms. Pratima Tak Sh. B Simhadhari Rao Mr. Niteen K Bankar Dr. A K Bera Ms. Rajashree V B Er. Vishal Garg, Assistant Director Watershed Atlas & Ms. Himani Singh Dr. G Sreenivasan Water Resources Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Ms. Sneha Er. M Sahabdeen, Assistant Director Dr. S Ravindranath Projects Er. Sagar S Salunkhe Ms. Kamini Yadav Dr. K H V Durga Rao Er. Ashish Awasthi Assistant Director Mr. Goutam Bhati

Mr. Debhasish Bhakta Dr. D Dutta Er. R. Bhaskaran, Assistant Director Administrative Dr. B K Bhadra Mr. Nitin Chauhan Dr. V M Choudhary & Thematic Layers Ms. Ila Agnihotri Dr. Rakesh Paliwal Sh. P V Raju Mr. Vishal Singh Sh. S Pathak Sh. P Satyanarayana Ms. Vineeta Sharma

Sh. Sushilkumar B Rehpade Dr. N Vyjayanthi Sh. Amanpreet Singh Dr. Shirsath Paresh B Mr. Sanjay Kumar Environmental Data Dr. S Rama Subramoniam Ms. Rashmi Rekha Dutta Dr. S N Das Mr. Brij Kishor Jashal Dr. Manoj Joseph Sh. John Mathew Sh. M Shanker Sh. B Simhadhari Rao

Capacity Building, Sh. S Pathak Dr. P Manavalan Modelling, Value Sh. Pramod Kumar Addition & Report Sh. P V Raju Dr. K H V Durga Rao

Lead Centre: Regional Remote Sensing Centre - West, NRSC/ISRO, Jodhpur www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in 150 Indus (Up to border) Basin

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