Census Atlas, Part-IX, Series-7, Himachal Pradesh

CENSUS OF- INDIA 1971

SERlES-7

HIMACHAL PRADESH

PART-IX

CENSUS ATLAS

ATrAR SINGH of the Indian Administrative Service Director of Census Operations Himachal Pradesh CENSUS OF INDIA 1971 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Central Government Publications·Census of India'1971·Series-7·Himachal Pradesh is being published In the fub~~: ' . Part Subject covered Number

I·A General Report I·B Detailed Analysis of the Demographic, Social, Cultural and Migration Patterns I·C Subsidial'Y Tables JI·A General Population Tables ('A' Series) lI·B Economic Tables ('B' Series) U·C (i) Distribution of population. MotherTongue and Religion, Scheduled"'Castes' and Scheduled Tribes n·c (Ii) Other Social and Cultural and Fertility Tables, Tables on Household Composition, Single Year·Age, Marita\.Status, Educational Levels, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, etc. Bilingualism III Establishments Repoll and Ta bles ('E' Series) IV:A & BHousing Report and Housing Subsidiary Tables V Special Tables and Ethnographic Notes on Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tri bes VI·A Town Dilectory VI· B Special Survey Reports on Selecled Towns VI·C Survey Reports on Selected Villages -VII Sp:cial Report on Graduate and Technical Personnel -VIlI·A Administration Report·Enumeration For official use only -VIII· B Administralion Report·Tabulation .IX . Census Atlas GOVERNMENT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH PUBLICATIONS: DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOKS: .. X·A Town and Village ~irectorlY X·B Village and towDw!se Census Abstract X·C Analytical Report, Departmental Statistics and District Census Tables (District Census Handbooks in respect of 10 distticts of Himachal Pradesh are being published in20 Volumes i,e. two volwnesfor each district. Parts X·A and X·B are being combined and Part X·C are being brought out independently)

The maps included in this Atlas are based upon Survey of India Map with the permission of the Surveyor General of India.

The boundary of Meghalaya shown on the map is as interpreted from the North·Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act 1971, but has yet to be verified (Applicable to India Map showing Meghalaya boundary). The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line

.18. Change in urban seK ratio, 1961-7l 20 143·44

19. Sex, age slrUC!Ure and marital status, 1971 " 21 144 :20. Change in 'sex and age structure, 1961-7l .. 22 144·45 .21. Youtbfulcess of llopulalioD, 196i-11 .. 23 145 .22, Chan~ in )'outhful!lCs~ of pDpulation, 1%1-?l .. 24 145 13. Mates in working age 15-59,1911 .. 2S 146 .24, Change in maies in working age 15-59,1961-71 .. 26 t46 .25. FelllaJesin working age 15-59,1971 27 146 ..16. Cllange in females ill working age 15-59, 1961-11 .. ZS 147

17. Urban males ill working age 15-59, 1971 " 29 147 18. Change in urban males in working age 15-59, 1961-71 30 147 .29. Rural males in working age IS-59, 1971 31 147-48

.30. Change in rural males in working age 15-59, 1961-71 .. 32 \48 31, Urban females in working age 15-59, 1911 33 148 .32. Change in urban females in working age IS-59, 196J-71 34 148-49 .33. Rural females in working ag~ l'S-59, 1971 35 149 .34. Change in rural females iIi lYorking age 15-59, 1961-7l 36 149 .35. Urban population, 1911 31 149-50 36. Cbange in urban population, 1961-71 38 150

31. Rural Population, 1~71 39 ISO·jl iii .Map No. Title of Maps Pages Map Explanatory nates

38. Urban concentration, 1971 40 151 39. Growth of urban population, 1901-71 41 151 40. Degree of urbanisation, 1971 42 151·5l

41. Functions of class II, III anli IV urban centres, 1911 43 152

42. Functions of class V and VI urban centres, 1971 44 152·5>

MIGRATION 4S

43. In.migrants, 1971 46 p3 44. Inter·district migrants, 1911 47 154 45. Migrantsresiding up to 4 years, 1971 48 154 46. Migrants residing 5 to 9 years, 1971 49 155 47. Migrants residing 10 years and above, 197.1 50 155 48. Classification of working migrants, 1971 51 155·50: 49. Migrants by age and marital status, 1971 52 155

ECONOMIC ASPECTS 53

Agriculture, the 1971 C!nsus Industria! C.1tegories,-Population Employed in Primary Activities

Population Employed in Secondary and Tertiary Adiv.ities

50. land Utilisation, 1970-71 54 156-57' 51. Intensity of cropping, 1970-71 55 151 52. Major cereals, 1970-71 (Rice, wheat and millets) 56 157-58-

53. Pul~es andeilseeds ]970-71 57 158 54. Conunercialcrops, 1970-71 58 159 55: Yield per hectare of rice, wheat, millets and pulses, 1971 59 159-60, 56. Area under .irrigation, 1971 60 160

57. Gross vaJue~ of agricultural output per hectare of cropped area, 1970-71 61 160-61 58. Gross value of agricultural output per cultivating household, 1970-71 62 161 59. Gross value Of agricultural output per cultivator, 1970-71 63 161 60, Agricultural holding per cultivating household, 1971 64 161·62

61. Agricultural holding per capita in rural areas, 1971 65 162 62. Agricultural holding per male cultivator, ] 971 66 162·63' 63. Per adult reqLiirement and supply of staple food crops (cereals and pulses), 1971 67 163

64, WOI kers and non-workers, 1971 68 163·6~ - 65. Rural workers and non-workers, 1971 69 \64 '. 66. Urban workers and nun-workers, 1971 70 164 67. Rural male workers in age 15-59, 1971 71 165 68. Urban male workers in age 15-59,1971 72 165 69. Rural female workers in age 15-59, 1971 73 166 ?O. Urban female workers in age 15-59 • 1971 74 166·61 71. Workers and non-workers in employable population in age 15-59,1971 75 161

72. Classification of male and female workers, 1971 76 167·6& 73. Classification of rural male and female workers, 1971 77 168 Map No, Title of Maps PagtJ Map Explanatory notes 74. Classification ofurban male and female worktrs, 1971 .. 18 168-69

~pulat.ion Employed in Secondary and Tertial'Y Activities 75. euIth'alols in total wClrkers in age 15-59, 1971 79 169 76. Cultivators in Tural population, 1!l71 80 170 77. Male cultivators 1U male workers in age 15-59, 1971 81 170.71

78. Female culli~'ators in female workers in age 15-59,1971 82 171·')2

79. Agricultural labourers in total agricultural workers in age 15-59, 1971 83 172·13 80. Non·agricultural workers in primar3' sector, 1971 84 1?3-74 81. Workers in manufacturing, processing, servicing, and repairs, 1971 ., 85 174 &2. Hou&eh.()ld induf.tTy by types and sire of employment, 197J 86 174-75 83. Factories by types and si,ze of employment, 1971 87 175

84. Factories and workshops by size of employment, 1971 88 115·76

85. Food proces~ing beverages and textile industries, 1971 &9 175 86. Wood based industries, L971 90 175

87. Mejd~c and non-metallic, mineral ba,ed, engineering, scientific, lubber and c.hemical in. dl.l.5trtes, 1911 ,,91 176·17

88. Transport equipment indllstries, 1971 91 1Tl

89. - Rural population in electrified vilfages, 1971 9~ 117·1&

90. Rur al worker~ in construction, tianspnrt and communicaticfiS, 1971 94 178.79

91. Urban workers in constructi.::.n, traosJlDrt and cOIDmunicatiQllS, 1971 95 179 92. Density of surfaced roads,l971 % 1S0 93. Motor vehicles registered) ]971 97 1S0 94, Workerslntradeandcommerce,1911 98 180·81

95. WaTters in service~, 1971 99 181-82

96. Workers in various services, 1971 .. 100 182

(A) Public services

(B) Educational and scientific services

(0) Personnel and other miscellaneous services

SOCIO·CUL TURAL ASPECTS

Caste & trib:s; Religion,-Literacy and education

97. Scheduled castes, 197! ., ](12 183

98. S<;heduled trihes, 1971 ., 103 183.84

99, Ten numerically major scheduled castes, 1971 .. 1()4 184

100. Major sclleduled tribes, 1971 105 185

101. Major religion5.197! .. 106 185

ID2. Uteracy, 1971 .- 107 185-86

103. Change in literacy, 1961-71 .. 1M 186 lOt Male liteta'~y, 1971 .. W9 186 lOS. Change in male literacy, 19G1-71 .. 11C1 186-87 lUG. Female lit~zcy, 19'71 ., 111 1~7 Map No. Title of Maps Pages Map Explanatory notes 107. Change in female literacy, 1961-71 .. 112 187 108. Literates per 1000 of population in age 5-14 over literates per 1000 of population in age 15-34 in rural areas, 1971 .. 113 187·88 109. Literates per 1000 of population in age 5-14 over literates per 1000 of population in age 15-34 in urban areas, 1971 .. 114 188 110. Primary school enrolment of boys, 1971 .. l15 18& Ill. Primary school enrolment of girls, 1971 .. 116 188.89 112. School going children per 1000 of children in age 5-14,1971 .. 117 189 113. Educational enrolment of population at higher secondary and higher levels, 1971 .. 118 189·90 114. Educational enrolment of males at higher secondary and higher levels, 1971 .. 119 190 115. Educational enrolment of females at higher secondary and higher levels, 1971 .. 120 190·91 116. Teachers per 1000 of students at primary, secondary, university level and of all grades per 100 schools in rural areas, 1971 .. 121 191

(A) Teacher~ per 1000 of students at primary level of education, 1971 (B) Teachers per 1000 of students at secondary level of education, 1971 (C) Teachers per 1000 of students at university level'of education, 1971

(Dr Teachers of all grades per 100 schools and other educational institutions in rural areas, 1971

117. Teachers per 1000 of popUlation in rural areas, 1971 .. 122 191·92 118. Literates holding non-technical and technical diploma or certificates, 1971 .. 123 192 119. Literates holding university degrees/diploma of the graduate level and above, 1971 .. 124 192-93 HOUSING 125 120. Rural population living in villages containing 25 and below, 25-50, 51-100 and above houses, 1971 .. 126 193 121. Rural households by number of rooms occupied, 1971 .. 127 193 122. Urban households by number of rooms occu.pied, 1971 .. 128 193·94 123. Census houses according to their uses, 1971 .. 129 194 124. Urban households in rented houses, 1971 .. 130 194 HEALTH 131 125. Medical institutions per 10,000 of census houses, 1971 .. 132 195 126. Hospital beds per 100,000 of population, 1971 .. 133 195 127. Primary health centres per 100,000 of population, 1971 .. 134 195-96 If. Analysis of maps .. 135 136-196

------~--~ FOREWORD

It was in 1961 for the first time in the history of was sent to a large number of universities and institu· Jndian census that a Census of India atlas series was tions and valuable suggestions were received from Prof. 'brought out on various census themes as also non O.H.K. Spate, Prof. John E. Brush, Prof. John census statistics for India and a number Of states and W. Dickey, Prof. R. M. Prothero and Prof. B. J. Garner. ·union territories. These atlases received wide recogni The scheme was then examined at conferences of "tion. During 1973-74, the Indian Census Centenary directors of census operations at Courtallam (1970) and Atlas was brought out by the Office of the Registrar at Pahalgam (1972). General, India. The 1961 atlas was exhibited at the International Geographical Congress (1968) in New The atlas series has been planned in such a way Delhi. A folio of the 1961 atlas comprising ten selected that a complete demographic profile for different' ad maps was distributed among the 1,500 delegates to the ministrative units in the country is available from the congress. The centenary atlas was exhibited at the maps appearing in the atlases of states and union terri ·United Nations world population conference (1974) in tories and in the national volume. Generally, atlases of ·Bucharest. states and union territories include eight maps which give the geographical personality of the region, foll().wed Maps from the tahsil to the national level appear by population, sex and age, urbanisation, migration, "in most 1971 census table volumes, reports and publi agriculture, census industrial categories, electricity, cations. As part of the 1971 census taking, jurisdic transport and communications, tra,de and commerce tional maps (basic census map documents) and urban and services. There are also maps devoted to sche land use schematic maps were prepared to enrich the duled castes and tribes, religion, education, housing district census handbooks, the town directories and and health. other census publications. The jurisdictional maps at There has been a slight deviation in the All-India taluka/district levels were combined in a volume volume to reduce the bulk of the atlas by combining "known as Administrative Atlas for each state with themes on the maps. Certain insets are added to prQ aaditional demographic information and published for vide more information on the subject. Diagrams, six states. Others are likely to come out in course of graphs and tables based on quantitative measurements time. These are the latest subject maps with reference of themes help in interpretations of each plate. -to the 1971 census: This upholds the 'tradition of the census office of producing the largest number of latest In the present All-India atlas, 80 plates are in· maps in the country. cluded in four sections. Eleven plates show administra. tive boundaries and physical aspects. In the section on The tabulation plan of the 1971 census aimed at demographic, structure and I trends, 35 plates cover ·presenting infonnation based on various types of distribution of population, density and growth, sex census data. The 1971 census of India atlas series and age and urbanisation. The economic aspects based ·projects census data in thematic maps. The 1971 atlas on census industrial categories are shown in 13 plates. ·programme has been planned in a way that helps 'com The socio-cultural aspects accounting for 20 plates parapility with the 1961 data in areas like growth and relate to scheduled castes and tribes, religion and edu den~ity of population, sex, religion and literacy. The cation. A plate on the physio-geographical regions of atlas series, which forms part IX in the census India has been included to enable the users to co ·publication series will provide correlation of census ordinate variables in terms of such regions. data with non-census statistics and help in the analysis ·and evaluation of socio-economic problems at different This atlas programme has been executed under the administrative levels. direction of Dr. B. K. Roy, Assistant Registrar General (Map). When Dr. Roy went on an U.N. assignment for Planning of census atlases began along with pre two· years, the work was carried on by the Map Divi census preparations in 1969-70. A national conference sion in Delhi under the supervision of Dr. R. R. was organised in April, 1970 in the Office of the Tripathi, now Map Officer. I congratulate all the Registrar General in which scholars like Prof. G. S. members of Map Division in our Delhi office and the Gosal, Prof. V:L.S.P. Rao, Prof. Mansoor Allam, members of map units in the offices of directors of. Dr. M.P. Thakore, Dr. L. S. Bhatt and Mr. H, M. Jones census operations of states/union territories on their participated. It discussed the themes and techniques excellent teamwork and their dedication which con for the maps to be included in 1971 atlas. This scheme tributed to the success of this venture.

Ntw DELHI :. R.B. CHARI,

Gandhi Jayanti, Registrar General, India, 2nd October, 1977. Ex-Officio Census Commissioner, India .

.. Vll

PREFACE

For the first time in 1961 census an effort was made to be looked and in this respect it is one of made by the Census Organisation to bring out Census the visual arts. I could have been up against a baffling task, had I not been given necessary help by ,Atlas, Keeping in view the usefulness of this publi various state departments and Survey of India. I am cation it was decided to continue the publication in 1971 Census also. The publication contains quantita rather thankful to them for extending co-operation in bringing out this publication. My thanks are also due tively and qualitatively complete profile of physical to my colleagues, Sarvshri S. K. Agarwal and K. C. conditions, social, cultural, economic and demographic Suri, Deputy Directors and Shri S. L. Bahl, Assistant characteristics of the state which have been ~ derived Director who took keen interest in finaliSing this pub from the census as well as other sources of data. Apart lication. I shall be failing in my gratitude if I do not from this, an attempt has been made to depict decadal make mention of the strenuous efforts put in by the variations in jurisdictional changes, growth of popula mapping unit of this office headed by Shri Kaul Singh tion, change in age and sex structure, urbanization and Thakur in preparing the maps for this publication. literacy. Maps humbering 127 incorporated in this volume can be broadly categorised into orientation, physical conditions, demographic structure such as lowe a deep personal gratitude to Shri A. Chandra' distribution, density, growth, sex and age structure, Sekhar, Registrar General, India, his successors Shri urbanization, migration, census industrial categories, R. B. Chari and Shri P. Padmanabha who encouragea transport, trade and commerce, services, castes and me every time in bringing out this publication. But tribes, religion, education, housing and health. for their inspiration this publication would not have' seen the light of the day. Dot method has been adopted in distributional maps where in general choropleth and isopleth tech ,Sincere g;atitudes are also due to Dr. B. K. Roy, niques have been used a:nd wherever 'cross-classifica ASSIstant RegIstrar General, India (Map) and Dr. R. R. tions are to be depicted, pie or bar graph or use of Tripathi, Map Officer in the Registrar General's Office' colour has been resorted to. The towns have been who were kind enough all the times in giving me represented by proportional spheres_ and circles. To technical guidance and help in solving numerOUs pro enable readers to draw exhaustive inferences from the blems in the execution of this project. I hOPe this mai~ map, analytical notes and suitable diagrams have pUblication like other Census Publications will be of been added to each map. great use to the census data users. Cartography as it would appear is a mixture of science and art. While on the one hand it is con My thanks are also due to Shri P. Ommen, cerned with problems of exactitute susceptible to pre Deputy Controller, Union Territory Press, Chandigarh cise treatment and varying according to the laws of and his staff for extending co-operation in printing mathematics and geometry, on the other hand a map is this publication.

Dated : the 5th ,February, 1979. ATTAR SINGH CENSUS ATLAS PROJECT

STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THE PROJECT

Cartographic work and analYSis of maps :

Shri Kaul Singh Thakur, Cartographer.

Mapping and art work:

Shri Tuka Ram Wanikar, Artist.

Shri Parma Nand, Draftsman.

Data Processing :

Shri Harbans Singh, Statistical Assistant.

Shri Pawan Kumar Abrol, Statistical Assistant.

Shri Gurdial Singh Thakur, Computor.

Typing work :

Shri Gian Chand, Junior Stenographer.

Shri Tulsi Dass, Typist.

Printing:

Shri M. C. Jaswal, Assistant.

-Shri Jagdish Chander Gautam, Proof Reader.

Shri Sohan Lal, Proof Reader. GENERAL MA~ I

POSITION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH IN· INDIA 1971

• A Y

o F

., ( N GAL

I - . Allililli.Uflirr H•• ~, ••rlJn of PIIII/d •';.. •~ a.. " .....11 U.'u "",,.,, ., ~ CltUltl/f.d III' lee".~.t CIt ..II,,.,, ~ ~ \ ~tI' G.U D. GO~ DAMAN' DIU I· N D I A N o C ( A N p pdNDICH£RRY

AREA OF HIMACHAL PRADESH POPULATION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH IN INDIA IN INDIA S ____r.r .....S 6> .f3 440 J-t; ,,~ v 1.70'0 ~ 0·63~

INDIA 2 INDIA 3280483 Kro 547·95 M HIMACHAL PRADESH ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS 1971

'M "HeR! THt DISTRICT O~ TAHSIL ~AM! DIfFER. FROM ITS ~EADQII4RnR'S TOII!t IW't,tHE FOQ~ER \U.S ~Ef.II WRiTtEN 1~'eRlCltT ~ p6cUT FOR KASUOtPTl .5 ,. $OL~N

76Q EAST Of GR~ENWICH 7 79~

AIlEA OF STATE

~--~------~.-- '-"---=-===------=""",:====""-.....===' MAP 3

o o 79

CHANGES IN ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES

D 196(-71 ~ IntcrnaliOllollo_orln _. __ _ SIOIC _._._ ~ Oi~\rkt _. _. _ Tollsil/Sub..:rohil ...... MII.fS 10 0 10 ao 3

It o .. II " .. PANGI \.

NEW TAHSII..S/SUB-TAHSILS CARVED OlJlr IN Q 1961

1965 AREAS TRANSFERRED FROM PUNJAB TO HIMACHAL PRADESH IN

1966 STATE IOUIIOAA\' ..... ___ Sue-oMSIOII" ,. AREAS TRANSf£RR~O FROM IL.-..JI:AMMm ONE TAHSIL ra ANOTHER IN s...... $OUII 1966

EAST OF GREENWICH

CENSUS TOlIN AREA

r~------~--l r------, I I , I I A I f . . 8 I . I , I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1L ______JI l ______

...... £1 , " ,'''£1 MAP ..

o Q 7b 79

NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL RAINFALL ..

Boundoriu Iinternational '_._._ \ + Slate _._._ • \ MILES 10 0 10 20 3 "\ .. t.4 :=*~~~ 16 0 16 32 KM • ·• .• .•...... • • oS H.,.1". - ..... ~'"" _,,/, .. \ ' - •••••.•• : ...... r" •• •.•.••\

• I • , ••• I I •••• I' •• • II .•.•.•.••••••••••••'" '9 /'.

• I ••• , •••••••• I • I • • '. " J ...... ·l ,f', 4 , , , , , . •. , ...... , .• 1\ ",,';-:. oj i' KYELANG •• 1.0?l • w .; .....r·····, .;. (' .' ••••••• 0OJFM~MJJASONb ••••••• I 1.. . ·.· ... ·:.·.·.· ... ·.·.·::.· ...... : .. : .... {/..1 ...... " ...... V ••••••••••••• I ••••••• 7t

ANNUAL RAINFALL IN MILLIMETRES

2400 2000

1600 1200 800

400

OF GREENWICH

40 40 40 ..I zO.J DHARAMSALA MANDl DHAULAKUAN

NORMAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE o ~ ..... Boundariu /!-.-'_ I~,,,_,, Intcrnatlonol __._ ~ .- ,- - - -\• .f' State _. __ ----""\ WILES 10 o 10 20 3 ------... ~ -i • H r --- ~. S .,t!\ 16 o 16 32 Khi _- _--_ - -\_ ..... _.,,...J ./-__ -\ _ " - - - - - _. - - - - ~ -----....,----'\. '9 ------/'. ------{ .;_J IJ " ------.. .",':= - ) 1\ ,.',------.--./ ------\ J - - . 1 ./. (. o~~~o------1/_, '. ------. =-=-=~-=-~---1 ",v ------""'"-b· ------"1 " ------_----~ 3 ------\1------1-A_- --- , M!_t.lJ!!, _ 0_-_ - _-_ - _ -_- _ - ---1 ~ ". _-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-1 : ------104 ------_------_ - - - ~~ %. ------. ------_---_-_------__-_--( ,. - __------_--- __-----~

-=-=-=-=-=_:;~-=-=----~v--- ."... J'. ''-...... ____ \ . - -.~."'" A 0 ..... ,_ -l -.-, II ~ E S ,., .-\ ...... _ -_-_ ~u~ ~s _ .. ~ It - - :... - - - - -~, ,-_-_-_-_-_-_-_TI. < -_-_-_-_-_-.1 I- .-----t I- 1- ~ ---- -) ._---- .. :) " ~ - --- _\, '9 ''c; ---- _,) ANNUAL TEMPERATURE ' / IN CENTIGRADE J. "''II\" - -,/". -1 A, 1,.f.~.( or <4 '\ 2S 20

0 EAST OF GREENWICH 7n

6 MAP 6

76° 77° 78° .79~ J I I T

SOILS

D . ~ 8oundoriu ,.. Intcrnatlonal_,_ Stale _._,_ t District "'ILU 10 0 10 20 33~ 'I) -f t.4 o H 16 ,6 ";~3 ~ S 0 'UIII ~==-l. , l 09 l - ,. IW11 ~1 ') ·v t ... " .... (\ 3I ~r- S .. - ~20 ~ ( 01- - "II.. Z .0

~~-. Go f;t ,. .., " I •• v ._ , p D e 'f " A $ H·~ l. 31 cr - ~ - ~IO .. ~ ~ . l~' l-

I- i- ~ ;:) 'f .~ "9 ). J~ ~ m· BROWN HILL SOILS " .. ~ SUB-MONTANE SOILS (PODSOLIC) E3 GLACIERS AND ETERNAL SNOW

I I I I Q 76 EAST OF GREENWICH ,,0 71° 70°

55 673 Km 2

[J]] BROWN HILL SOILS

IJ!j SUB-MONT ANE. SOILS (PODSOLIC)

~:::.::I GLACIERS AND ETERNAL SNOW

7 MAP 7 o 76

FORESTS

o 33 _, ..... 9 M 33•

", I. •

, 6 ) i I . ~ \ ,.l ~ 0 , '\ , '() \ "

FOREST TYPES o 31 I.Sal W'LII ,0 ft 10 ~O :=':::::;!=*' ~' 1 • Sub- Tropicalscruband Bamboo, 16 0 ,t Khair and Sissu Boundarilll 3. Sub· Tropical Scrub lower and upper Inlcrnalional Pine Stoll Himalayan moist Temper.Jte District (Deodar, Kail and Oak)

Himalayan moist Wet Temperate TOTAL NUMBER OF PERSONS Himalayan Temperate EMPLOYED IN FOREST INDUSTRIES ( Kai I and Deodar) Himalayan DryTemperate 20000 (Pine crop With Deodar) '0000 Dry Temperate Forests 5000 ( High level Blue Pine) "'H,-+--I-- 3 000 Sub .Alpine (Fir/Birch, and 1500 Graslland.) Moist Alpine ScrubRhododendran Birch and Grass land Dry Alpine Scrub Coniferous

16° EAST or GREENWICH , ~~------~_,

56673Ki II: 0.1 75 o,_ z", :lw ~ ca; 0.10 10 a;1I. C .. .. 0 0 III 0.10- .. "''' ~,_ 0 0 ZJ: 0 0.1 wu 0: V« 0 .. a; .. 0.1 ... U) > u U) .. 0.1 C 0- ct ...... J 'II 0 U a: Z '"a: .. :l

8 DEMOGRAPHIC STRUCTURE AND TRENDS

*Distribution, density and growth *Sex and age stf1.lctllre *Urbanisation MAP 8

o 76

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION 1971

~ ._0 ,/1-...1 .~ ...... \., .t o 33 " ...; ~ . \, 'i M ._ ./ (".,; ':. "• \. S H.,.". '"", / . ~ . ./ \ \ . ~.J J '> :....: : :.:;" '., \

.. ,t:::,:::::.:: •• ,. 'l.p t" ~... \ . ,":.,. '.': ( ,,I I ., -If •••• -.... \ J'''''_ . . . .' ).ror '. . (0 ~ I..,/~ o\.. 70 " ' ·v

SIZE OF POPULATION 10 10 NILlS Ip Y t I OF TOWNS I. 0 ,. 3a.1tM 8oundorlu CI.ASS I SO 000-99999 International State -- Rivers

20000-49999

10000-19999

5000- 9999 CI.ASS VI • LESS THAN 5 000

EACH BLACK DOT REPRESENTS I 000 RURAL POPULATION WHILE RED CIRCLES POPULATION OF URBAN CENTRES

760 EAST OF GREENWICH 7

100 DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

1"\ 80 III Cl

40 60 POPULATION (PERCENTAG E)

10 MAP 9

o o 76 79 I . I T r

DENSITY OF POPULATION 1971

o Boundorles ~ • .,.,.&.:;;:=-- ...... _.... '" L ___ '\ Intcrnotionol_._._ f-.,... --- '. -t' Slote. _._._ '\ Dill riel _._._ o • .,;' ----- • MILES 10 0 10 20 33 ,..... \) ." ------\ 1 loA . 1------t..... H.\ Ib 0 16 U KM (~_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_).... \ ..... s ./.<.'\.- l \_. ------/ . ... _ ...... ".._,...... \ )- _...... ~ _-_-_- _-_-_-_- ~r ...... :" '9 l ~--- _CHAMBA-_----- ~.' .'.' .' : .' : .'. '.' .': .' :.' .'.' .' .' .' ( ._.;,~i r' (I_ __ -_-~J..__-_-_-_-(.' ...... ·.·.··l.J:~·.·.·.·) •.,/". i 'If' '\------1·.'.':.'.·.'.·:: ... ·.. .':.'.':.'::.'···· .. ·[A \ . - - - -:------.. hi...: ...... LAHUL AND SPITi ••••• ' ., '.., '", t------• IY-""'.:..._...... '2' ...... '/ • ) .~ -! r---~.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.··. V .-J ,...------: ir- -- t ...... /,,;, .. . __ -·,.r·,,· ...... ) C' .::...----.:..;_ ...... _ __ --- .:....: ...... "L oJ~ • - ~ ...... ~ 32,... KANGRA i\ L ------~ ...... ~"- ...... ;"S _320 158 I J r; \-----o.KULU_ - -,(' ...... ·.·.·.A~ .. ~.~\·.·.· .'. ' .. _3L - -,~"" :..s .... ~ .... .(~- . . 'r.,... ..-- \------J.... t ...... _ ...• • \, ' 1,------~r:"':~·'::.(.' .'.' .' .' .. .' .'.' .'.'.\ :

i-----'r-,·······8 ...... (..• Go • .---.I-~ ...... • (BILASPUR ~L-- J ---'\'~:,:,,:.' .' .' .' ...... '...... ~ ~. '. 16 ~. ~-'• ,...... v------.~_-_-_-_-_.::J.~:_:::::""::""\{-.1'"\' ...... v ~ ___ ------~ ', ••.. , ., , - ID -- MAHASU --- r,;.,' J ._...... :.,; . . .. , SIMLAi\ -jn'f --- 78 -- -," p " A 0 E S ,,,,, • .'.~ 1I11111J~-fi.I~~./S, -_-_-_-_-_-{ H \;.".. 3ft- 6 '~J'l.l ~j~~I 'f~} _-_ - N II: - 31· . . . '-'---- \-\-- --~_r ~ ..... -- - - ...._...~{. . ...'- 2 ',- - --- PERSONS ,PER Km • - SIRMAUR- - t ... 1- \- - 87 -- -). ABOVE 160 ,,'----- ~ 19 \._ -- - '9.\r.-----rI- -''\ . ~ ITIlII1 141-160 )...... ~ - "'7" 04 N 1 ..r. 'Ii;( [[]J 101-140 04 '\

F-=i 21-10Q.+STATE AVERAGE L.=J 62- BELOW, 21 o M..... MAHASU

I I I I 0 76D EAST OF GREENWICH 78

""""'llllllllllllllrlllk- =~~:~:~:~~= -l:::::: ::::::: ::::::] I 3 4 UNITS I 10

PERCENT4GE

~~"""IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~IIII1"1 IN rt======~r.US 3~ 3406 POPU~ATION IN '00000

II MAP 10

o 79

CHANGE IN POPULATION 1961-71

Boundaries D Intrrnatlonal -._.- State - ...... District _. _._ Tahsil/Sub-Tahsil ...... MILES la 3 a 10 20 M 0 1& 0 16 UKM 3 ,-

-9

PERCENTAGE INCREASE

ABOVE 32-00

28·01-32-00

24·01-28·00

20·01-24·00-+STATE AVERAGE 23·04 16·01-20-00

BELOW 16·00

7 EAST OF GREENWICH 77

PERCENTAGE (Arta) o 5-9 18·4 52·7 81·7 100.0 TAHSILS \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \' •••••• 5UB-TAHSILS \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \: : : : : : : \\\\\\ o 5 14 34 UNITS PERCE NTAGE ~Eid:ul~~~~ _illlllllllilir. ~ ~l ::T" o '·0 2-4 Jo7 4-9 5'6 6·48 IN100000

12. MAP II

o 79

GROWTH OF POPULATION 1961-71 o 80undariu Illternalional_.__ State ____ Di$trict _._._ o 33 WIU$ 10 o 10 20

... TOTAL POPULATION 1971

PERCENTAGE INCREASE 000000 m 2&01 AND ABOVE 500, 000 300000

r---,.--+J.-I.- 100 000 DllIIl 24'01-2&00 so 000

!TTl 2ool-24'00-STATE AVERAGE L---_...J'ERCENTAGE LJJ.J ~3.a4 M••.... MAHASU AllDITIOIi OF POPULATION 196 .., Q 2000 AND BELOW

7 EAST OF GREENYitCH 78°

PERCENTAGE (Area) DISTRICtslilllllltll1 ilil'llllllllllill j'[- =-=- =-== -= ~r o I 4 UNITS 8 10 PERCENTAGE ~:T~U~~~'illllllllllllliflilllllllllll~rrlllllllllllllIIIII ir~ o '·3 2-6 6'1 r6'48 POPULATION IN'aO 000

13 MAP 12

o 78° 79 I I I "I

o \ FERTILITY 1971 \

l\ D , !." 1"'1'" ' r"'. 8olln4orics " : \ InltrllaliOllal_o_,_

~ • r" ,f [1"' g::'~7ct ==:::UII.ES 10 0 10 20 :J ,I ~..... , 1 $ H J'-'~, I~ 0 It lUll , I' )-, "l--\, ~ .- - '~"',-':_ - -. ) .------;... ------\ ., ~ ~ r-HAMBA l~r.. ------·------_( .A -" 64·76 ------~ ~ - 1 r ~ (' ------. ------1}1\.1"- - -;' _",.. (. ,. 1 ~-:------=-=- ~AH~L~ND- sp~.-:_--- --t., " ) --- _50·83_ -- - - J ·v r------. ------.J.,.. ~------) (\ " ------_.~ 3~ ... KANGRA 69·53 N l!-=-=-=-=-=-~~~~s -~2· o KULU I'tr-=-=-=-f_~=~~- =-= 1~ _ 67·82 l~- .f. - - --- ~ • - - ~_:------i : I!r-~------~~~ ______-_, ------. MANDl '=- - - "'"l(INNAUR - -", • 69·98

[1--~~======\rWl ''=.;.,- - - '. p 1\ A 0 £ '-''''_ - J , S tf .\..".

• If

NUMBER OF CHILDREN 0-4 PER 100 WOMEN 15-44 mil ABOVE 69·50 rmm 66.51-69.SQ.....STATE AVERAGE WlliJ 68·40 ITO 63·51-66·50 E:J BELOW 63·51 M. .... MAHASU

I r 1 J 76U EAST OF GREENWICH -, ...... ------_",_,.

I PERCENTAGE (Area) OISTR~TS flllllllllllllllllllllli~ll1lll1lllllim III IT J o 2 6 8 10 UNITS PERCENTAGE

f~~!~o:rlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllirlill1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilIl11 m1000 o l'9 6-1 7·1 7·26 iPOPUUlilt)!IlIIN~OOOOO

14 MAP 13

o o o 76 77 79

SEX RATIO 1971

Boundoriu o Internotionol ___, Stale _.__ Diuriet -,,_.- t Tohsil/Sub-Tohlil ...... o MILES 10 0 10 20 33 ~. t.4 .~ H 1"., I. 0 " 32 hi .,-_-:.., s /" .'.'\ '" L __ ...... ""' ..... : ••• _-_-_-_-:~~_-_-i·.·. '\ ------;:,...... ' ''9 ('------',' . . . :"\ "', .. ------'.... , l' ~" ~------_-_-___{.:.' .... ,'. ._'. '.. ,.'1 . .------______l ...... " , ,.'"""'J .•.. ,.""",I \ • .. - -_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-J.' ...... ' ...... J'l {

') ~-=-=-===-:=~~==~::::::::::::::: }\\ ". ~ ------>-.... • • • • • • • , , " V

('\ :- ...... , ..... ,' .. ,',',', .. ~~ ,.Jij ...... 3~ ' .. , , .. , ... 'J" S ~I' ...... ' ...... '/::.:.::::.:...--~

O. "·(::>:~rl]ttl-.

'[):: :.•..;.' .' ~ " ..

FEMALES PER 1000 MALES

~ ABOVE 1075 m 1000-1075 ~ 925 - 999'+STATE AVERAGE 1sI::lsI::t:j, 958 [ill]]] 850- 924

F---i 775 - 849

~ BELOW 775

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Arto) ~o "" ,>7 ,to ,." 000 ~~~i~~SlLS ~i~lll_llllllllIllllllllllllllllllIr:II o 3 II 26 42 49 53 UNITS ~~~tiTION~il~~!11111ii1i]lllliif:r o 2-8 6~, 10'8 150 16'4 16-93 IN 00 000

15 .1 o " " "

o 0

2 II • ~ i I • " i" 0 i i ·;; ';:• .~c ~ ~ b cr: ] E " ·ow. ~0 X IDS;n W t.f)

o X ~ III UI U .J i < z - III ,. 1 III 0 a: 0 () 0 II. 0 a: t- UI 0 0 0 0 0 0 III 0- 111 0 on 0 on 0 « <> III III UI IJ) 0 0 <> o UI ... o - o ~ ~BIIII.I::I::1 ~

/. - IJJ C> Z o ~ « " . 1: U

o ~ cr: X W t.f)

I I I I t III X I I III U I I I ~ i I I I ,. ::ll ~ I I III 0 a: I I 0 \l I I 0

IX ~ III 0 0 0 0 0 0 II. III 0 III 0 III 0 CII CII I) 0 0 III '" '" III 9 " ~B;IIII I: :\: :\

PI MAPI5

o 79

RURAL SEX RATIO 1971

Boundaries o international __._ Stott _._._ Dlwict _._._ TOh'II/Sub~Toh s il ...... 0 MILES 10 0 ',0 2p 33 'I) .q M :='=*=' ===;:. ==;. _. $ H /:\ 16 o 16 32 KM . ,- _,,: ..\ ,- ,_. _--,_', ;~ •• 1\ - - ,..~ -'~ l - _...... --:_======~~====~~;::::: \!\ ~ /:' t------·~ , , , '. 'J l . -----_-~_-_-_-_-_-_-_"i,.,' .. ,'. 'l ,_,~. , 4 :., J_ __ ~------...::, •• , ", ,-' ','J ;' , ..... :------_------"-.,.,.,',.,' .j.,'.' '/'1/'"' ( ,. .. -=-=-=-=-=-=-:-=--=-=-~:.:':.:':':':.:': ·If.1 -- .,..------.,..-----,_-.;.', .. ',',', ...... : .'. 7' "

) !lrIA"ILI - ~======~~~,::::::::::::::::::::', 'v ------.· ... ·,· .' ...... '1.-') ('\ • _ -:' •••• , ••••••• f . ....; ...... : ...... , .. ' . """ 0 .j~ 32 r~: ::: : : : :: ::: :: ::: : : 0;'~~ ~ or ,I.. '·'·'··,'·A ':'.,., \--_------o '. I i<': :- jill \':=-=~1 ~ - . .. ,',' ii~l 'J: :· '. .[ ..::::. '. , .' . .. '/ " ( .."

FEMALES PER 1000 MALES ABOVE 1075

1000-1075

925 .... 999_STATE AVERAGE 976 850-924

775- 849

0' BELOW 775

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

/ PERCENTAGE (Area) 26'5 59·0 95·298-7 1000 TAHSILS SUB-TAHSILS

4 12 UNITS 29 46 50 3 PERCENTAGE

FEMALE POPULATION ~illllll_~llllllllllllill[OOO o 3-2 6-7 ' 11·4 15·0 15'7 15.9 IN'OO 000

17 AP 16 CHANGE IN RU AL SEX RATIO 1961- 71

o 76 o 79

SEX RATIO 1961

o Soundaries Int. rna I ional_._._ Statc o 33 .. n.U 10 o 10 20 . .. M o . ..,.". .s o M .....-:' 0 1& o ,. 33 _ ... '\. ~/-' -- '" -- ...... :':'· ..... "r·~· .. t\- - ___- --- _

1000

o on ..... 1>

31•

FEMALES PER I 000 MALES

10SO

1000

950

900

850

800

7 EAST OF GREEHWICH 77 0

18 AP 16 CHANGE IN RU AL SEX RATIO 1961-71

o o o 76 77 79

SEX RATIO 1971

o Boundori~~ Internotionol_._._

Stol~ _._._

o "'fLU 10 o 10 JO 33 .. tot D .p OM ~r' ,I> 0 ,. lZU4 3 .. SO" • ...... /... \ ~ __ - _-_-_.~ :. '=":1 ...... \ ------I ...... "\ 1> . _ ------...... /'. ------' ...... ( .,,; .. J of ------...... • -.~•. 'J' r \ ------...... \ J'. . . .,/'1 ~. (. - -_-_-_-_-_- ...... ' ... ·l.j"":1 'L. ·.·.·.·.·.·.····················7 ~'v

...... I • , ..... - ••••••••••••••. -1 .•••••••••••••••••••• • •••• • •• ~••• ) ('I ...... ~

...... ' . ~ ~ - - _--~ "

1- 0 ~. o .. 0 o v - '10 A D p Po E S H 900 3 e~i - _ - - ( 100 o . _--: ,.

- - .. ( to-

FEMALES PER 1000 MALES - . .. t I- 1- - ... ) - .. ". ~ 1050 .. . . \.. 1> . . ;.) 1000 ).. - - _-- ,,' AI N~ '1,,,,(,,, .0 950 0 04 " 900

850

800

710 ,,0 76 EAST OF GREENWICH

Il.A,..!I.!I PERCENTAGE 22·6 33-9 67·9 86-8 9<4 '4 100<> - -- TAHSILS -- .. 5UB-T AH51 L5 - -- .. - - .. 36 46 50 53 6 12 18 UNITS PERCENTAGE 9 '6 42·6 54-8 84-3 94'S 100·0

6·7 8·7 13·4 15-0 15·7 15·9 I N'OOOOO MAP 17 o '6 '9o I I I T

URBAN SEX RATIO 1971 1971

D Boundaries InternotioftQl _.__ Slole _._._ District _._._ TOh~ilfSub-Tohsil...... Im.1S 10 0 10 ao ~*=~~ o

,..

FEMALES PER 1000 MALES m ABOVE 900 m 851-900 !ill]]] 751-850

I="":-::j 601--7S0_STATE AVERAGE L:...:J 749 D BE:LOW 601 o t.NTIRELV RURAL

I I I I 76°EAST OF GREENWICH . nO

PERCENTAGE (Arto)

19 MAP 18 CHANGE IN URBAN SEX RATIO 1961-71'

o o o 19 76 78° 79 ! I I I I I

10 1961 SEX RATIO 1971 I

Boundorlu Inlrrnotionol _._._ SIOlt ' Di51ricl _,_,_ I,I-Tahlil"", ''',,'''''''''''' TOhsiljsUb-Tohlil..."""",,,,,,,,,,, MIL!I 10 0 10 10 o 1M 33- " II 0 II l! KM

\ I

\, "\ '9 /', ( ,_i! 4 '\ J'~ ) ~,r '. , /[' { ~n ' 7 \v

-31'

D ENTIRELY RURAL

I I I I I I 79° 76" EAST OF GREENWICH 77° ,.0 79° ,.' I I

/ PERCENTAGE (Arra) . 0 I.· ". I" "'I" 1:~i~1L1111111 r==J =153 o 4 8 14 2224 T53 UNITS 00 o ~"1 PE'~r ~~~~"IIIIII_: 1111:-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-1 70'2 o 20 36 51 102103~ iN'OOO ~AP 19

o 76 79•

SEX, AGE STRUCTURE AND MARITAL STATUS 1971

6 8 I I

Boundaries Inlunatlonal_. _ Stote _.__ DiUrlct ] .. ,. H ,..., f' o ./. \, " :i-li~~iJlHi-lhi --- ...... r·_, \ . ~

]

18 o IN'OOO . ( r !...... - .,"

50-54 12 0 6 12 18 IN'OOO AGE AC>-4" GROUP OLD M~N MARITAL STATUS 60 -t AND WOMEN 30-34 MIDDLE AGED NEVER MARRIED 35-59 , MEN AND WOMEN 20-2" MALE YOUNG MEN " M"RRIED 15- 34 "NO WOMEN BOYS AND WIDOWED 5-1" GIRLS

0 - 4 IN'''NTS 12 180 120 60

EAST OF GREENWICH 7

PERCENTAGE AGE 30 27 24 21 18 15 12 9 6 0 3 GROUP 60 + 35-59 15-34

5-14

0-4

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 0 PERSONS IN'OO 000

2.1 MAP 20 o 79

CHANGE IN SEX AND AGE STRUCTURE 1961-71 6 • , I Boundaries Int.rnotlonal ___ State _._._ Oistritl _ . _._ IItIILES 10 10 .20 3 3•

( ." ·v

PfRCENT"GE J 7 l 2 I Oil I b 0 6 18 I 1_ I 1 I I I 1101'000 AGE GROUP Wl 60 + OLO MEN AMO wOIo1EN MIDDLE "GEO MEII 35-59 AND WOMEN YOUNG MEII "NO WOMEII

80YS ANl> GIRLS

0- ..

~.... MAHASU I I i S. ... _SIMLA 12 o 12 o IN'OOO

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

20 TOTAL STATE 30 20 TOTAL STATE 20 1961 1971

IS _MALES ___ .FEMALES

o I o o o + i ~ ~ i AGE GROUPS AGE GROUPS

2.2. MAP21 o 76 D 79

YOUTHFULNESS OF POPULATION 1971

~ D BoUlldarin . . IntetIlGtlOAGI __ ... Stotc _._._ Dj~trici _'_._., o ___ 0 10 ~o 33 1 !"t...... 11--...... $ H,., It 0 16 nlM ~ _'. ./- -\ ;' - -~ r.J- - - . . _-~_----\

I!" ______.------. ~ f .,.. CHAMSA ~------;. \ .-_..n r" 4 26'00 '--_------\.r~ - -;I _".. . r I':'" ------7'1" { 1------{A -: -----~H~ ;[)-;PI;r-- -~~ '''\ ) - 20·32'" J V I) •

~ , ~ " 3 KANGRA m . ~ 1-\ s 28-86 N III I. ~rl~ - \ KULU ~ . li"'r~ 125-05 '_ - ~ .r-p"I"'·

MANDl 27·01 " .. USPUA '~-'> 1- 27-93 'I• .:. v ,/

" MAHASIt " 'f , / Ml:~ 24-99 • 3 - •. ul@A .,. rt/i.-.. • . ~ IIII ~: ~ ~. " SIRMAUR' f)'" PERCENTAGE OF POP~lATlON t ..... ~ IN I\GE GROUP 5-14 g ,ABOVE 27-00 \~>U]l· '. ' Ii.. \ rrmn 24.01-17-00-STAU AVERAGE. . Wlill 2H8 [OJ 21·01-24·00

[J BELOW 21-01

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

. ~ 24-4 PERCENT:~E (Ar.a)'7~ 100-0

I omAlC'l11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111l11111 ~ j o 3 . 7 9 10 UNITS PERCENTAGE 6:W 920 99-51000

?~;~~?).I j1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 o 51S &6 9-29~ POPULATION IN'OO 000 MAP 23

o o 77 79 ...

MALES IN WORKING AGE J5-59 1971 o Boundories Stotetnt erna tional _._._c:::>.c=ec:::::i District _._._ II MILes 10 10 20 33 ~*==l=:::; H 16 o U KM

, n

PERCENTAGE OF MALE t- TOTAL MALE POPULATION POPULATION IN WORKING AGE GROUP 15-59 TO TOTAL MALE POPULATION 1971

• 64·01 AND ABOVE

lIIIJ]]] 56-01-64"00

4801-S60()-+'STATE AVERAGE ~ 50·90 48-00 AND BELOW M..... MAHASU 5J FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES INDICATE TOTAL MALE POPULATION 1971

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Ana) D'STR'CTs.~lllllllllllil~\~r o I 4 UNITS 9 10 PERCENTAGE r~~;N~AGEUIIIIIIIIIII'~\\\\l,,~~~r 0~'()9 1-7 6'0 ~ '>. - \~O IN'OOOOO

25 MAP 22 CHANGE IN YOUTHFULNESS OF POPULATION 1961-71 Ir-_____....,

o o o 76 o 79 77 79 I 1 I t~ POPULATION YOUTHFUL~ESS OF POPULATION 1971 l Boundariu Intcrnalianal ___ Stott _. __ _ -._._ • -+ District _._._ 10 20 'i t.4 NILES 10 0 10 20

':_'. S H .1"\ ,. 0 ,. UK" -\...... 1- - \ / _ - -, ,..'" - - -. LL ~ - - -'- - -- -\ ------, '9 ._------"1 /', CHAMBA ------i /-1 " 26·00 ~------~\ r~"':.-_j /,.'\

.1 Iltl::tttftt!:I-rrr!--. T-=-----=-=-=-=-=-=-=~=-=-r~~- - - -LAHUL AND SPITI- -' - ~ (" . - - - - -20 32- -- - - J 'v

,. J~ .~ -- - - '" KANGRA ------? '$ 28·86 I) - - - -I N . 0 1-. ~r-l-:- .\ :~~~ J.r;[;:= j~ / 00 • MANDl 27'OQ \ i KINNAUR 21'21 .,.

BILASPUR 27·93 '", , ill '. \I O,;,' il\ P s H ,~ll\ , l.Uiij' ~"~. 1111i' • · · J r~ ~: t ~ "'. SIRMAU, R t' :~:~~::~;: I~F AGE ~ V ~~; ,l2 3· 85 , ), : ~' GROUP 5·14 1971 7 a ABOVE 27'00 ~ '" 1'l . ~ " 24·01-27·00-+STATE AVERAGE' , 26-88 OTI 21·01-24·00 M. ... MAHA5U Q BELOW 21,01 M.... MAHASU

I 1 76 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Area) o '" '" ,.. 'r ""Rlcrsllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill11111 t= ~ - : o 3 7 9 10 UNITS PERCENTAGE ) .~ r~lO~ P8:~t~dllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!1111111111111111111111111111 o . s·s 8~ 9'2 9'3 POPULATION IN '00000 MAP 23

o o o 76 77 79

MALES IN WORKING AGE J5-59 1971

D Boundariu Int erna tionol_o_..." State _._._ District _._._ 0 MILES 10 0 10 20 33 'i M 0 .s H 16 0 16 32 KM 33 "

PERCENTAGE OF MALE POPULATION IN WORKING ... TOTAL MALE POPULATION AGE GROUP 15-59 TO TOTAL MALE POPULATION 1971 00000 _ 64·01 AND ABOVE ~1-4-...200 000

",""-+++-100000 illIIIIl 56()1-64-00 -H-H-- 50000

48()1-56-0O-STATE AVERAGE ~ 50·90 4&00 AND BELOW M..... MAHASU 51 FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES INDICATE TOTAL MALE POPULATION 1971

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

1 PERCENTAGE (Area) o / 2 lot, 41·0 84·9 100·0 DIST"CTS_IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~B\\\~ o I 4 UNITS 9 10 PERCENTAGE

25 MAP 24

o 79

CHANGE IN MALES IN WORKING AGE IS-59 1·961-71 Soundaries Inlernatianal_o ___ State _._._ District _._._

" i H ~~ NIL£$ :: : :~ :: KM ~ $ .'. - :_.... ·';'o...r·~/---""\ ~ ,~ ------\ .:....------...:~ -9 , ------. ."'j --- ,------l ._.1f'L . pli f ------~.r'" ---) ._"..I '. ,- ---- LAHUL AND SPiTI --- ~ ( ~ ------'1000- ---- t . ------.. '" '·~------7 '" ! ------, I

3 o I

PERCENTAGE CHANGE GAIN m0'30 LOSS

[[]]]] ABOVE 4000

1001-4-OO-+STATE AVERAGE ITIJ 1·90 EJ BELOW 1001 M-MAHASU

0 76 EAST OF GREENWICH 78° 70

. PERCENrAGE (Area) O"TRICTMIIIIIIIIII~llllllll WJ Illlllrt======~r r~~I~~N .IIIIIIIII~·III iii)j]111J 1111111l=~ =1

26 MAP 25

o o 76 79

FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1971

o &oundarlrs Internationol_o __ Sto,tt _. __ District _, _._ o MILES 10 0 10 o 33 I I I a. 4' tot 0 H Ib 0 'Ib UK ... 3 oS .-

v ., 3

PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE PQPULATION IN WORKING I- TOT~L FEMALE POPULATION AGE GROUP 15-59 TO TOTAL FEMALE POPULATION 1971 00000 ABOVE 56-00 00000 00000 54'01-56'00 ""'_"___l ,_'-, 00 000 50000

52-01-54·00.... 5TATE AVERAGE 52"38 L-_-,FEMALE POPULATION 52<>0 AND BELOW IN WORKING AGE FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES M.. ... MAHASU GROUP 15-59 INDICATE TOTAL fEMALE POPULATION 1971

7 EAST OF GREENWICH 780

I PERCENTAGE (Area) DISTR~TS.~II[[[[[[[[I~~~\\~VJO o I 3 UNITS 7 10

FEMALES IN YlORKING AGE 15-59 MAP 26

o o 76 79

CHANGE IN FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1961-71 0 ~ Boundaries Intcrnational ___ P- of" Statc _._._ Di,trict _._._ o '1 • MILES 10 0 10 20 33 ..q M "...... H /., 16 0 16 32 KM • ", oS /' •• ' ;' ....'...... ,;"'" \ l J.... , .. '=".1.": ..•.•. \ , .: ...... ' ...... :.'.'.': .... .' .. :~ -9 .,.. ~ ...... l' ".. , II l CHAMBA J. • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • '. ,.,._.... , \ 2·00 ( ...... • . . . . . '..... \.J." .... J ./'.1 ,

T 'ii· '.' ...... ·····l·A~·~L··~~D··~p;;I·: '.' :.:. :::IA (, . :~··~·.'::.'''':'O'50··············7 "- . ' ••••...... I •••••••••• , ••• 1... , • • • V \ .... , . , ...... , ...... '

~.' '1''f':': '/::: :::::::::::::::: ::: t\. 0, . "' , . ,......

o KULU I .. ~.:.:-:.:-:.~~.~.~.. 1·90 .' ••• ! ' .. z

KINNAUR

pl'A·D• rs o I

PERCENTAGE CHANGE GAIN

~ 0'50 LOSS ITIIill ABOVE 2·50 OTI 1·51-2·50 F""=i CXiI-i'SO-STATE AVERAGE . L=J 0·70 o BELOW 0·51 M. .... MAHASU

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE lArea) DISTRICTS~~lmllllllllln Illll )1 ff - =-=- :J o I 3 UNITS 5 r9 :.. :,':-: ..: .. 10 PERCENTAGE ~~:i;~~~'~]lllllIllirlll it-=-=_=_====[OO o 3'5 407 5-9 8,8 ·9 IN'OO 000

28 MAP 27

o o 76 79

URBAN MALES IN WORK ING AGE 15-59 1971 o Boundarlu Inlerno\ionol_._._ StOIC _._._ District _._._ o llILE5 la o 10 20 33 M H ,..., 16 o 12 KM ...... ,.._, ./ \ \ / .,,'9 ,. • • J l _,/ ,i' .\::I'~. ,)1/,1 (

LAHUL AND SPITI i.fl, '" 7. tv

KINNAUR

/ V

PERCENTAGE OF MALE POPULATION IN WORKING AGE GROUP IS-S9 TO TOTAL MALE POPULATION IN URBAN AREAS 1971

ABOVE 67-00 TOTAL URBAN MALE POPULATION 1971

64·01-67·00 40000 30000 20000 58·01-64·00-5TAT£ AVERAGE 63'56 10000 '-"':'+++1-- 5 000 5B'00 AND BELOW

~ __MALE POPULATION ENTIRELY RURAL IN WORK ING AGE FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES M. .. MAHASU GROYP 15-59 . INDICATE TOTAL URBAN MALE POPULATION 1971

76 EAST' OF GRIiENWICH

PE RCENTAGE (Arca) o 2701 29·8 51·6 66'7 100.0 DlSTRlCTS_I_~\~ I 3.. . 7 8 10 UNITS PERCENTAGE . ~1~~'~~~~E "~[II[IIIIII[llllllllli_~\\r IN'OOO ~ 7-4 73'2 819 .

29 MAP 28

o 79

CHANGE IN URBAN MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 o 1961-71 Boundaries Inlfrnalional-.. __

o [t ~:~:~iCl =:::: 0 10 20 33 ·\ ~ t.t i=~==:~::::; ,...... H /., Ib 0 Ib 12 KM , " 8 " )._ ./ \.- , .... r'~ . ~. \ f I \ '9 /. . ,; I CHAMBA l ._'. 11,90 r' " J'''' } J"'o . . ~'. ( LAHUL AND SPIT! l . , ) 7. "'v L.,.) C'I

, '", 32)Il KANGRA 1\ r-,-,-r'" ~ 9,40 I or I( A ,- \ • KULU ' ( (J-'_' ~'- ( ~ - I 8,20 i,,_,-, _, ~ : . . • % ' ..~ \ "\ .~ , '\. KINNAUR ) } "I ( .: .... \ )' ...... \ ~ \' • -BILASPUIr i., .... , . ':-: .'~ \,2'7.£-- -~ : Zt .. '. , .... , , , , , , .~.-, "v. .~ - _;. " • '..I( .... , , . , , , , • , •.. '1., ~--,..:... _' ...... :;. ..,.. . " , • _~,...""",., MAHASU., . • • , • •• ..,' ...... _. r 1 •• r-..:..! ... 1.30 •••••• .I' p ~ AD E S .~. \ ' !!M.!:,_A) , '~IML~' • , ••••• , , • '.j /of \...... L• - -/. (3'20~' • ' ..:" ••.•••• , 3 f ..... _)' . ir'':C" \ .. L , ••••• "" II: 3,0 \.J'. .:( - q PERCENTAGE CHANGE ',U'-r4.~f- __ i,.'- \...... ' .... :.~ , GAIN y..... - _____-- -'-,../'"\.i :.1 ... ~ 10,00 '. - -SIRMAUR -'t ... [[[] 8,20 ~ .t-_-_- ~9~-_ -) :) 'f \,.. _____\,. L.OSS '9\;;;:-----;.) J...... -- / [IIJ ABOVE 6'50 ~ ... .r...•. 'lJ '\;jJ" '\ F-=1 "51-6,50-.5TATE AVERAGE L=J 2,70 o BELOW 1'51 o ENTIRELY RURAL M.... MAJiASU

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Arca) ~ Iro ... 'OS ..., DISTRlCrs= 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIk-f::::l o I 2 4 7 8 T10 UNITS .PERCENTAGE o 2>"~ ,07 ~ T t=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>:: ~~:~N~""IIIIIIIIIIo 19~ 23-9 44'S 81'4 8'9 IN'OOO

30 MA~ 29

o o o 76 77 79

RURAL MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1971

o Boundaries Internatlonal_._ Stott _._._ District _._._ o MILES 10 33 0 10 20 "f III 0 H .6 0 .6 JZ KM 33 $ " '9

C'I

PERCENTAGE OF MALE POPULATION IN WORKING AGE TOTAL RURAL MALE GROUP 15-59 TO TOTAL MALE POPULATION POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS 1971 00 000 am ABOVE 64·00 00 000 illIIII] 56-01 -64·00 ""-"-...... l...LL100000 """~I.f+- 5 a 000 17771 48{)1- 56·00++-STATE AVERAGE tLLL1 49·82 '---_.... ALE POPULATION 48{)0 AND BELOW IN WORK ING AGE LS) FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES M-_MAHASU GROUP 15-59 INDICATE TOTAL RURAL MALE POPULATION 1971

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (,-,rca) 100-0

DlST"CTs.llllllllllll"\\\~" 8 10 O I 3 UNITS " 0101 RURAL MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59

31 , MAP 30

o o 76 79 I , I I

CHANGE IN RURAL MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59

D 1961-71 ~ ~. 1", Boundori ~5 ~ / r- '1'" • I"" Intlrnotlon:. ~'c:;H_

." .,_ .1 \[]\.f".q 5l~~~ict hi ::::~~ 0 10 20

\).J''''.I V', H ,fC''\ 16 0 1& 32 KI.1 C ,_ .,' ••, ,~ ,...... --. oS ,...r-__,. .,/.' ... •• ,:\ .' " l . , ...... ' ...... \ ) '. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .:", -9 i t' . . • • ...... '~J' l) CHAMBA ' •••••••••••••••••••• { ._• ..-: '. " 1 4'00 ) •••••••••••••••••••• "1 J'-' .. '} ~.r'. (J ~~ j .' .' .' ... '.' ..... '.' .' .'... '.' ...... '.' .'. :...... i),l· .J' I ,.. , . T~"""""""""""""l'IL, ...... \ '\.. ./-'. It·~ I,L - .....:=.!-r\, ...... LAHUL AND SPIT!- •.•..••", ""'. ') /- -- - 1- _.L -,."' ...... I·oo···········f V ~.t!!!..' _ _ ~, \ -. _ _ -I - - '\ ...... '. L --- -J- - -'.... 1- -i- - -t····················~ ) ------::: ... v- - T -- -,:r·,,· ...... ') C' ,.Co ------7------':_',~.' ...... : '"L o '.------_;_ - 7''-7':1.------",...... ""\, 32f- ,"\. __ -KANGRA - - ,~. ------\ •••••.•.•••• .:....:-'~"" 1. _I-o ... ,_ - ~~o -- ~ -- ~ ------_ ...... {- - ~ ~. \- - - - - r - 1- -N-'" - -0- -- -11...... '~.:.,:_,:...:.~ -- .... ._ - ---- 7" -- -1'------\.: ..... \ ---- I ----- _, ------( .... r-' ------1"-- . - - - - -' --- .::-1.. - -KULU - - j' ... :L ----- 5' CII \"------\- -'- --- \- - 2,20""" - r""v-.J ------: \-----~-'----~----~--_-_--- 0() L - --- ~ ~ -- - - ~1 --- j ..'\ ------':\ ~ \: --_ -_ ---1-r1~-- ...MANDi---!- ---- \'''. \:------Ki;NA~R------. . - - - - r, - -1·20- - ~ -- -/ •• ~ ------( ,. " '" __ (.1\. __ --- \_ - - ~ .•• \- - - _1·20 --- L- _-fr~II~ASPUR \~.-_------~---_j...... \::.~,," -_ ------i "t ·""'.r· \ 3·60 \." - - -./.-:-:.~ ••.••••••• 'C_:- - - -- ~ I'" ' '''''''ij~ , .. _- -.1...... •.•••..... ;_>- - --- '\1, v '. II If n)'·: <;·r··rr~t:· :~~:~;~: -:.:.:.: '_;':':>:. ~:::.:=:-~- -\ 'f SIMLA> '}II r···· 0·50 •••• l P 5 Ii ~.';;;;;- III~ .(SIMLm' •••••••••••( I ~. 'lJ ~.. " ~~. V-1·.·.·.·.··· (" Ir - ~I' ". -- \ .... '1:) ~ .' -- -t···· --- -t__' >.' " '-r,- --- _. -\( .. ':r--.SIRMAUR- -j. .. 1- _ _ 1.50 _ _ } 'f (_ ---- -\.. ::I PERCENTAGE LOSS' "9 \ ..-- - -- ~ L ',.... ,- -- 7' illilll ABOVE 4·00 ,. ~', __"",.. -4 L "t.7"o..... , ...... '\ IT] 3'01-4·00

F=1 l'OI-J.Oo-.STATE AVERAGE L=J 1·80 D BELOW 1001 M. .... MAHASU

I 1 I 1 780

PERCENTAGE (A,,~

32 MAP 31

o o 76 79

URBAN FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1971 o boundaries StateIntcrnotlonol_.:..... _.__ Oislritt _._._ o III\.[$ I", 0 10 20 33 -1 t.4 8 H 1'., II 0 ...... / \ .. · ...... r ..~ \ . '" -9 ,. l ._.I ! r.f \.J'~ ) _,... .'. til' ~ LAHUL AND SPITI ." 7 'v

PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE POPULATION IN WORKING AGE GROUP 15-59 TO TOTAL FEMALE TOTAL URBAN FEMAlE POPULATION 1971 POPULAllON IN URSAN ARE.AS 1971 n ABOVe. 5&-00 5401-5&00-5TAtE AVERAGE O 56·98 ~ 54<)0 AND 8ELOW

1M WORKING IoGt ENTIRELV RURAL o THE TOP OF TH! CIRCUS INDICATE 15-59 ~I~URES ~T ~AOUP TOTAl URBAN FEMALE POPULATION 1971 M... .,MAHASU

7 EAST OF GREENWlCti

PE.RCENTAGE v.tto) DIST"CTS.lillllllllllllllllllli~7 o 3 7 8 T10 • UNITS , PERCENTAGE ~~:'~~'~~~"illl[IIIIIIIIIII[I[lllllllllllllllllllli~a IN'OOO MAP 32

o o 77 79

URBAN FEMALE.S IN CHANGE IN G AGE WORKIN 15~59 1961-71 Boundaries Inlmalional Slate ===:: District M H ., ./ \'- \ .'! 1 /; ~ l ' ,., '_')' ~r,. I.f fA, LAHUL AND SPITI f

KINNAUR

p R A 0 £

II:

PERCENTAGE CHANGE ... GAIN P7hl ABOVE 3-50

rLLJ TATE AVERAGE OTI 1·51-3,50-5 3'10 EJ BELO~ 1·51 LOSS o HO o ENTI.~ELY RURAL M..... MAHASU

34 MAP 33

o 79

RURAL FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 1971

D Boundaries International __ State _._ District _._._ 3 "'.LElIO a .0 20 ~ tit H 0 16 UKM 1 8 , I.

-9

i~• ,. ( ". V "

z ,.

V /

R A D r ., P S Ii

TOTAL RURAL FEMALE POPULATION 1971 PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE POPULATION IN WORKING A.GE 00000 GROUP 15--59 TO TOTAL FEMALE 00000 POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS 1971 00000 ~..I...J...J....IOOOOO g ABOVE 55-00 50000

ffiIll] 52<>1-5S'OO~TATE AVERAGE 52·08 T.....-_-1'EM.LE POPULATION 52'00 AND BELOW IN WORKING AGE fiGURES AT THE TOP 0' THl C.RCLES M.....MAHASU GROUP 15-59 ~ INDICATE TOTAL RUlIAL FEMALE POPULATION 1971

GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Area) 'isTRltTS.lillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll_' I UNITS 0 I PERCENTAGE ~~~·:~~~~11111111111111111111111"'~ IN'OO,OOO

35 MAP 34

o o 76 79

CHANGE IN RURAL FEMALES IN WORK lNG, AGE 15-59 1961-71 D &oundariu Intrrnational_._._ ... State _._._ District _._._ o 33 • of .. NILES I? ? If> 30 ~. ... .s H,..:.,.' • 1& 0 It '2 KN -'...... /- " .,-- - ...... r""" -- -,...... ~ ------\ 1------.... 11 t------"l ,. CHAMBA ------( . .~i , 2·00 r ------. _- - r' (------\.1'- - .; _".. 0 . . r ------~ -- -( 1" ( - _ -_- _-LAHUL AND SPilL-:- - -_-_ -l..t:\ 0... -- _O·SO ------:r.., ""' • . ------./ V \------.

0 (1~1-:-1~-======~~------.- - J s \.-----71·· o d. --- -A - -3. ~",~u c-= -- ~~~ MANDl 1·20 KINNAU 2060

PERCENTAGE CHANGE GAIN m0·40 LOSS [ill]] ABOVE 2 ·50

1'00-2'50-STATE AVERAGE ITIJ 1·00 ~ BELOW 1·00 M. ... MAHASU

, UST OF GREENWICH . 'If .

PERCENTAG E(Area) .

:~~~:~~'~~~IIIIIIIIIIII~rlllllllllll iff" IN'OOOOO '. MAP 35

o o 77 79

URBAN POPULATION 1971

Boundaries Inlcrnalional ___0 _ Slate _._ ..... District . _._._ TohsiVSub-Tahsll...... MILES 10 0 33• 10 ~o o 3

3 PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPU,LATION TO TOTAL POPULATION 1971 .' II 20.()1 AND A8~.

II 14'()~:200Q::. '. . : ' .. R ~1-f~OO.,.. . '. P7liI 2.()t-' &OO ....STATE AVERAGE rLLd· . ". 6'99 , o .' )CO ~NO BELOW o ENTIRELY. RURAL .

7 EAST OF GREENWICH.

DlSTRrcTs.illllllil.~~~E~"V. T53 . ' . 4 6 I 'UNITS , .

• . PERCENT,\G7E4 ', .. 87-3 9&3 100-0 ~~~~AT~__ lllllllllll~IIIIIIIIIIIIIII!III!I~i· IN'OO 000 \

37 MAP 36

o o 76 79

CHANGE IN URBAN POPULATION 1961-71

D &oundorin _._._ ~ ._ I"trrnational __._ ~ ,,/'_ ._...... Slale _._._ • \ District _ . - . _ ( " t Tah,iIjSUb- Toh,il ...... I) ;,,' ...,r,:... UI~ES 10 0 10 :to 33 _ ./. (.". \... H IiA o 16 U KM (' './ "j .' ", s ...... ' . , )..... ,/: \ ~ ~ '\, / · ...... r ..'" \ ) \. (-.I ... . \ ,,_, ,. ~~ j' ~ 'l' \"J , \r~'-'kr(,

') .I ....\ \l , \:.' 7 tv .~: ..... ~ 'l- (. , ......

3 o I

URBAN POPULATION RECORDED I~ 1971 PERCENTAGE GAllt m 125<)1 AND ABOVE

illIIIII 75-01-125'00 PERCENTAGE LOSS

~ 25'01- 7500-STATE AVERAGE 25-01 AND ABOVE ~ 3HI D 25'00 AND SELOW ~ 15·01-25-00 o ENTIRELY RURAL o 15-00 AND BELOW

7 EAST OF GfUHWlCH 7'-

P£RCENTAGE(Arla)

TAHSILSI Sua-TAHSIL

U PERCENTAGE

URBAN POPULATI

3 IN'OOO

38 MAP 37

o o o 76 79

RURAL POPULATION 1971

Boundaries D International _._._ Stott _._._ District _._._ Tah iii/Sub-Tahsil ...... " ...... " ......

MILES 10 0 10 fO 3 " 0 " U Kill

r'.( or . ) "·V "

V ./

PERCENTAGE OF RURAL POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION 1971 ENTIRELY RURAL

90-00-99'99-STATE AVERAGE 93·01 90-00-99'99

BELOW 80·0.0 EAST OF GREENWICH 7 00 TAHSILS·· - SUB-TAHSlLS== o 42 4 3 UNITS PERCENTAGE

RURALPOPULATION _00 o I 24-5 3Q.9 32'185 POPULATION IN' 00 000

39 MAP 38

o o 77 79

URBAN CONCENTRATION 1971 o ~ ._ Boundaries ~ /'- '_'-. International __ (' \. t Stat. ,.. ...;. , MILU 10 o 10 20 3 \) • \. ~ M .'" .I " H ..... , 16 o I' UK .. c •/ " $ / .' ',;, '\ • ...._. ..I' .~ ·...... r·- . ) \ . ~ ~ • •,. J l ._." . "If .I.J.~ rK' ( ,., " I tv Lt» '", 3 • S A "(~ - ~:• '% n ) ( " ~) \,. V ,,,, ....,..'\., ,,~, v ,J . ,_,.._. ."" •.." "A D I '_'''\ '\ .I P 'u',-," ,...... f c ~. SIZE. ~TION OF TOWNS

( . :CUSS,,~ SOOoo-..... PERCENTAGE OF URBAN POPULATION TO TOTAL POPULATION 1971

20 , CL'SSIll~ '0000-..... 15 10 CLASS IV @ 10000- 19999 5

o CLASSY 5000- 9999 ENTIRELY RURAL e CLASS VI ~ 8ELOYf 5000

EUT OF GREENWICH

1/1 Z o~ ... I oII.. a: IIJ 10 ~ :::I Z o " III IV V VI CLASS MAP 39

o o o 76 77 79

GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION 1961-71 o " ..... Boundaries ~ /'" '_'-. IntcrnaUonal_._._ r' 20 \. ... Stote _._._ , District _._._ , 1% , • .." n • WILES 10 0 10 20 33 ~, ~.: 15 \ .. lot ."...... ,.. .. H .'._,., o 16 "(~"'f·;' ~ ~ ~ ::::" ~ ...... ,./ \, .J ·...... r· '\ ') ~ ~ ~.~ ~ ~ ~~ _,.- .... -9 ." ...... \ 1". • J \ ': :: :::::: :: :: o ,'. LAHUL AND SPITI ~ il9Ol" 21 31 41 51 61 71 l . '-'~' rfl ( CHAMBA ( 50 E.R. "t.r"" (A1},r· I.' 50 '-1 \ ,. '\ /\ L /', i ...... -,_...... 15 '~ ~ ) / 'l i !"" f'V ~' . I ( .I I. 10 ,i ."" I " 10 '. 1901 " 21 I 41 ',' o KULU i \ .. I (

15 KINNAUR E.R. 10

, 10 \ ., " 0 r90l II 21 ' 3ICs'4' 51. 61 71 ,SIMLA./ '. IMLA' .., 3. ~.... ) J('~ \/'" . \.._! I .,® / , :I..... %1,-1 \. '\/ " "

CLASS " TOWNS III (.O!'ULATION 50 000-99 999) ell 100 ..~ . CLASS III TOV/NS 0: (POPULATION 20 000-49 999) .. II 75 .. CLASS IV TOYJNS (IoPULATION 10000 -10999) II 50 . CLASS V TOWNS [] (POPULATION 5 000-9999)

CLASS VI TOWNS ~ (POPULATION LESS THAN 5 OOO) o , E.R. ENTIRELY .RURAL M-MAHASU 1901 " 21 31 41 51 61 71 HIMACHAL PRADESH

7 EAST OF GREENVnCH • 77°

GRO~JTH OF URBAN POPULATION 1901-71 • 9 2,5 5,0 75 '90 1~5 ,~o 175 2PO ~5 2f0 (JN 'OOO) 1 , 1971 1961 ~ CLASS II [[IT] CLASS III

§CLASS IV • • mCLASS V ~CLASSVI

Ii 41 MAP 40

. ... 76. ". 7.

DEGREE a= URBANISATION 1971

eo. ...rt •• " D 1It...... , __ _ ,. "..", ...... -..\ . .( t Stall _--._ .tit .... 0 • ."t \ ;f' at:: ' , ,) I "' It 0 ~ ;. .. I . C"'._..,· .' ', . ' H"/.1' \ ' \...... ,.".,. J ., \ . '\ .. . . \ . ~., l -'. ~I.'j ' ,r- ) ( . J "

D I A

., UA8AN IIFLUDICl • CLASS II *N .

(poR~ SIZE OF TOIII CLASS r\{:= II V ' fCLASS V TOWNS III Ubop. 5000-(999)

• {CLASS VI TOWN IV (poI BELOW 50(0) . AOADS.-- o NON-UAIAN

7 EAsT 01 ,GM8IIICH 77·

42. lUll"· _. - 7'• 7..

FUNCTIONS OF CLASS II III AN) IV URBAN CENTRES 1971

EASr OF QCLCm

CLASS II

III WORIER5

IV UAP42 • o 76 • 19

o FUNCTIONS OF CLASS V AND V~ URBAN CENTRES ~911

33 o ·3

PREOOMl!W,ff FUNCiIOtW. CHARAaER. OPRWAAl

, INDUSTRY ~-9n9 \J .5000 ~ tRADE MD CQt:1MERCE

®S!EmU.::ES

.~PR!MARYllitffi mm R.ElliJ INOUSl'RJAl

COMMERCIAl. I ~ ~~RANSPORr ~SERV(ceS

.. MIGRATION MAP 43

o o 76 79

IN-MIGRANTS 1971

Boundaries International __ $lolC _.__ DI$trict _._._ o MILES 10 33 0, Ip 20 Y I I .. H $ I' 0 10 U.l1I ~ .,

') 1ij 32

., 3

,_ IN-MIGRANTS 1971

400000

PERCENTAGE OF ZOO 00" IN-MIGRANTS TO TOTAL POPULATION 100000 50000 ITlII1J ABOVE 36'00 5:000 "GUII"S "T TOP Of CIRCLE INDICATl TOTAL III-UIGRANTS ITO 30-01-36·00 FIGURES INSIDE OR AGAINST THE SECTORS INDICATE PERCENTAGE RUR"L E:J BELOW 30·01 Of UIlIAN/RURAL AND IIALEI'EIIALE IN-IIIGRANTS 1oI...... ALE F •• _..FEIIALE M...... MAHASU

7, EAST OF GREENWICH

I N-MIGRANTS TO HIMACHAL PRADESH ACCORDING TO TYPES OF MOVEMENT

11I-IIIGII""T5'000 o 6 12 If 24 . ~o .. 2 54 66 69 I I I I I I. I. ,.., I I RURAL TO RURAL PUNJAI 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIInllrui t:\.\3~[IJ UI1l RURAL TO UReAN UTTAR PRAom IIIIIIIIIIIIII§ 1111111\\1:::::::;:::1

"ARTANA 111111111" 1IIIIIIIIIsr/:~:J . ~ URIAN TO'RURAL JAMMU' USHIlIR ooml ~lJ ~=~....,..,..,_,.,.,...... QURIAN TO URBAN OTHER STAlEr/UTa !#I#mlll~~:::::::::::;:::::~ ~OTHERS MAP 44

o 76• 79

lNTE R-DISTRICT MIGRATION 1971

D Boundarlu InlrrllationQI __

., H 3

GROSS MIGRANTS 1971

0000 0000

'--..L_I~O 000

FIGURES #.T THE TOP OF CIRCLE INDICATE GROSS MIGRANTS. TKE PERCENTAGE FIGURES OF IIHIIGRANTS/OUT-MIGR#.NTS IN RURAL/URBAN AREAS TO GROSS MIGRANTS WRITTEN INSIDE OR AGAINST THE RESPECTIVE SECTORS. M...MAHASU, 5.....SIMLA

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

INTER-OISTRICT MIGRANTS ACCORDING TO TYPES OF MOVEMENT MIGRANTS 1"'0000 \. o to 20 30 00 70 100 110 lao TYPES OF MOY~II£NT :;:;:::;:;~;:;::;:;:;:;;:;::;;::::;:::~:::;:::;::::::;::;:::;~-_L-_...... l __.....J AURAL TO RURAL ««««««««(U««««hus S\ s S \\ \\9 RIIRALTOURBAN ««««(7770 URBAN TO RURAL ««««(777 za URUN TO URIAN [««(1 ~FE"ALU OTHERS I MA~"5

o 79

MIGRANTS RESIDING UPTO 4 YEARS 1971

D Boundorin Inltrnational_. __ Stole _._._ o District _._._ 33 "'Lf~ 10 o 10 20

H 10 o 10 32 Kill

) L~_- LAHUL AND SPITI ",' ~ --. ' - -- ( --- -

A ... • II.. z

p SI. A D E S H

TOTAL MIGRANTS 1971

PERCENTAGE OF 150000 MIGRANTS TO TOTAL MIGRANTS g ABOVE 55'00 '--_.... 50000 "'-+---1'""" 2 S 000 [[[l]] 45·01-55·00 ,..-p:.~:-t--f-- I 0000 INDICATE TOTAL MIGRANTS ITO 35'01-45·00 (RESIDING UPTO 4 YEARS) FIGURES 'NDISE all. AGAINST THE SECTORS INDICATE PERCENTAGE BELOW 35'00 OF URBAN/RURAL AND EJ MALE MALE/FEIIALE I,IIGRANTS ' M.•••• (RESIDING UPTO 4 YEARS) F ••••• FEMALE M.".MAHA5U

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

MIGRANTS RESIDING UPTO .. YEARS ACCORDING TO TYPES OF MOVEMENT

? r 110 ~4 . 3,2 M 112 .. 1,0 1~8 (MIGRANTS IN'OOO) TV PES OF .. 0 VE ME NT :;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;::.;;;:;;;_...... _L__ ~ RURAL TO RURAL frf~~o/.f~f:?~1~~~

URBAN TO RURAL ~

RURAL TO URBAN r.:~f:r.~f.f/l/l/lllA ~MALE UR8Ar~ TO URBAN rr!f1e1~1:1'ff/ffh1 !::;:}ewm OTHERS E'F//4J, , MAP 46

o o o 76 77 79

MIGRANTS RESIDING 5 TO 9 YEARS 1971

D ~ Boundories Inlcrnalional_o__ SlolC _._._ .f' District _._._ 0 MILU 10 0 10 20 33 I) ' -4 t.4 ~~ ...... oS H .r'\ 16 0 16 UKM )-, ;L--\I' ~'"''6-68 - -'~"'r-':"_ - -. ~ ------4 -~-_-----"'______1 '\) ,/'•

~ ._ ------( _,LI " ------~ ~-j ;' ------/-7 ii'" - \.1'- - ~._".. {' Ffr.\M ,. - _ - _ - _ -_- _ -~6,~-+'S}'+~I,I~-_ - _ -1 _ •

.. '. -:- -_ - _ - _ - ') ~H~L ~D..:.P'!..I-_ --7 ""V ------. ------.---~ ('I ------~-~l ------.- -'L ------~ ,;j~. ------:-...... - ...r\. ~ ------t -- --, I - :-- _ - _ -~::~~~_- _ - _(' .. --1-·----- _- .... Q-:::.J.L' ------_--- -s : - -_-_-_-_~'1683--- _ -_ ,:\.. % F .' '. M (-_-_ -~46,,:-:::': ~'5:_- _- _. ~_-_-_-~N~U~----( ~

'-~-r'~ ,----\= ._.....== = ==:\r . [J, A D '_''\ - \ p " E S H ',.';-

3 o 31 TOTAL MIGRANTS 1971

so 000

PERCENTAGE OF 25000 MIGRANTS TO TOTAL MIGRANTS '--+-+ 10000 91 ABOVE 15·00 5000 2 500 [l]Jll] 13· 51-15'00 INDICATE TOTAL MIGRANTS lID 12·01-13-50 RESIDING FROM 5 TO 9 YEARS FIGURES IN-SIDE OR AGAINST THE M.... MALE SECTORS INDICATE PERCENTAGE BELO\y 12,01 F...... fEM"LE [J OF URBAN/RURAL AND ~ALE/FEMALE MIGRANTS RESIDING FROM 5 TO 9 YEARS M...... MAHASU

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

MIGRANTS RESIDING S-9 YEARS 1971 MIGRANTS IN' 000 o 15 30 45 60 75 309 ~O 965 I I I I I I ,..I~ I

URBAN TO RUR.AL ~MALE

DFEMALE

OTHERS

49 MAP 47

o o o 76 i7 79

MIGRANTS RES IDING 10 YEARS AND ABOVE 1971

D ~ Boundaries Inttrnatlonal_o__ • of" Stote _._._

'f 0 0 District tot -i.uilO 10 20 33 \) ":Jm' I~. 8 H r' ,6 0 [L,,~ ,. -, ~ -\ " ' __'"'!1.~.~."". ___ \ ~ (q' F 4·72 4·06 (------'I~ '9 . ------" ,. ~ ~ --- _ ------i ,;~ 4 /-- --:------'\.J'~--:_- -) _"...r '. () f ----_---_ ----:-:;:'l~~--_--__o( 1- ( ... ____ -83.F9~ ____ (/-=\ 0 . • ~-:- - .!::A~L~NQ..S~TI_------~ '.V ~ ,------:.( '. ~------'-.) f 2·?6

F4·75.~[ll~l~=~~===~ 11_ ----- ==~t?-·s'" - -~ " HO :;;:)~. 22·77 ~.(- _-_ -~-::.-:-~-_ - -i~- aI!'J.~· '- - +------:It • KULU ~.:c..,.,~- _---_----l : --- F- .!.36LI7~24 -- °lZ - -'H6~-'------~~- - - ~- .--=_= - ~N~~~_- _=-r0 ,.

~~~;:;=k• pRAD£ -"\-4 ::I H '~ ...... ' 3

TOTAL MIGRANTS 1971

. ' PERCENTAGE OF MIGRANTS RESIDING 10 YEARS AND ABOVE TO TOTAL 100000 MIGRANTS 1971 '\.-4--1- 50 000 100 ABOVE 52·00 --"_+-I'---I-_ 25 000 .....".,-'-.!-+-~_ 10000 [[[III] 42001-52·00 FIGURES AT TOP OF CIRCLE INDICATE TOTAL MIGRANTS OJ] 32-01-42·00 RESIDING 10 YEARS AND ABOVE FIGURES 'NSIDE OR AGAINST SECTORS _YALE INDICATE PERCENTAGE 01 UR&ANjRUAAL ,--'EYALE ~ BELOW 32-01 AND MALE/FEMALE MIGRANTS RESIDING 10 YEARS AND ABOVE M._..MAHASU

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

MIGRANTS RESIDING 10 YEARS AND ABOVE 1971 II' GRANTS I H' 000 o 3 6 12 18 72 42~ 433 TYPES OF MOVEMENT ~m;;;;;;;;;;:;:;;;:';;;;;;:;:;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;:;;:;:-;:;;;;:;:;;::;~=:--"'_-L--_j RURAL TO RURAL r.1'1ff¥.~~~~f:<~~1:~~: ;.::;:;: ;:;:).

URBAN TO RURAL ~~?'~~~~.f.'1:':';';':';-:-:1

RURAL TO URBAN r~~~~(.1f:(ff.f.1 ~Y"LE ~ URBAN TO UR8AN ~~~~ L.:JFEIIALE

OTHEAS ff111'(lffl&$~

5'0 48

o o 77 79

CLASSIFICATION OF WORKING MIGRANTS 1971 o BoundariCS Intern.lIonal __ State _. __ Distric t _. _._ IlII.ES 10 0 'P HI 'E_jl_j ~O ~'==~'~~_==~' ./'\ 16- o 16 " \ /

I IS 0 0 IN'OO fj1 I 4,

10 I

15 10 , I

;, ,f r !~

PERCENTAGE j 2 0 0 4 I L.41 &0 • ~

INDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES 1-

II mm.""AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS EJ fIII LIYESTOCK, FORESTR:'!. '.,IIARY FISHING, HUNTING AND PLANTATIONS, ORCHARDS AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES 90 IY MINING AND OUARRYING

MANUfACTURING, PROCESSING , .. I I nC:ONDAIIY 5eRYICING AND REPAIRS 84 72 60 36 2. '2 '2 216 22 illIill{Y~ CONSTRUCTION WORKING MIGRANTS 111'000 HIMACHAL PRADESH TRADE AND COMMERCE ~ f'III TRANSPORT, STORAGE M. .. ..MAHASU TERTIAII'I AND COMMUNICATIONS SCALE FOR HIMACHAL PRADESH AND IX OTHER SERVICES S. ... SlMLA KANGRA DISTRICT HAS eUN REDUCED N.. ... NEGLIGIBLE aY EIGHT AND TWO TiMES RESPECTiVELY

0 o 7 EAST QF GREENWICH 77 7i' 7V

CLASSIFICATION OF WORKING MIGRANrS 1971 WORKING IIIGRANTS 1111000 5 3,5 425 ? 2,S 5,0 7, ,yo. 'yo 3tO. 4?O I LA'r !,ElIDENCE

RURAL

URBAN

UNCLASSifiED

~ .PHIIIARY ~SECONDARY L:.:.:.::J TERTIARY

5'1 MAP 49

o o 76 79

MIGRANTS BY AGE AND MARITAL STATUS 1971

D BoundariES Internationol_.__ \.' .of' Slole _._._ District o -iAn:es'iQ o 10 2a 33 ' \ i M ~~~~~ r...... H ...... , ,4 0 16 32KM • " oS ' )...... &/ \ I' ...... ,..~ \

~ "f~. ~ (._.~ I , ~ 3 \J'''' I~).,...r ( I . o . LAHUL AND SPITJ 7 '" 'v

",20 >- 2 C a: ~ 3 1 o 31

~ UNMARRIED !Pm MARRIED '4' C)'" QI tJjJ T T 7 1 til!2 0" 0 .. 0 _ ~ nI &ft. WIDOWED OR DIVORCED M...... MAHASU AGE GROUPS D S...... SIMLA HIMACHAL PRADESH A.N.S ..... AGE NOT STATED

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

MARITAL STATUS

MIGR~IITS 111'000 o 10 12 26 77

...... ~./ ...... : ': ...... ,...... , '"' ~ NEVER MARRIED .·····················11 • r.::::.:J MARRIED URBAN ~::\{??~;~~~~!\iH{\(~d:~~~~~~:·:·:·: ~ r:;::;:'1 WIOOWEC,OIVORCED ~ ANPOTHER ECONOMIC ASPECTS

'" Agriculture. *The 1971 Census industrial categories. *Population ~mplOyed· in primary ·a~tivities *Population employed in secondary and tertiary activities MAP 50 o 76 o 79

LAND UTILIZATION 1-970-71

D ~ oJ' ... Boundoriu ~ /' .~ ...... International State e._.__._._ r' \., of' District _._._ IIIILlS 10 o 10 33 " i M o. ,..... , .. H .... , 10 o 16 UK"" 33 .).... ," ,/.'. \ / ...... ,..., '\ ,.- .I \ ,,'9, .". I J l -,II' rlJ < 5191 ",J''''''' 'fllj_".. '(' ,. 'l 3!~6:. 98 I / \ • I(.a 2·3 0 • '" ·""'·fHAMBA I' LA / ... . ""'-).0."".I '. HUL AND SPITI 7 .v ." ! i ,., ',._ I \ l I .,...... ; i ·"\..r.", ~') N / 0 .'\. I A 'L I -....:. ~ 3 ..... /.\.... \ 47266 '\ , \ • 1..~·27 \ ( ...... _ . .r \._ ,: . ~ ~ i ~ \. 5-5 . -93 \... (_ ...... ~ ('.. _ KULU f (..... • .

.J •._ , ·6 ~.~ ::.~" _~, "v.• ~o:g::cI'.:::6. p" A D E -."\ \ 7/ S tf \t'" 3 ACtUAlLY FARMED LANDS f .J ~ f:7l. NET AREA FB NET AREA ~ TOTAL REPORTED AREA bJ 60WN B IRRIGATED •• J " (in Hectares) rrm CURRENT 1:-;.:-;-: j AREA SOWN MORE lJ2.li..U FALLOWS :'.;::'''::': THAN ONCE 'UTILISA8LE fARMING LANDS E, CULTURASLE C::..:...::!WAm

FALLOW LAND OTHER O THAN CURAENT FALLOW NO","'ARMING, LANDS E::1 AREA ,!OT AVAILABLE ,E:3 'OR CULTIVATION ~ PERMANENT PASTURES AND ~ OTHER GRAZING LANDS 1,3

~ LANO UNOER MISCELLANEOUS HIMACHAL PRADESH ~ TREE CROPS AND GROVES (NOT TO SCALE) FORESTS SCALE 'OR KINNAUR AND lA"UL AND SPIT! DISTRICTS HAS eEEN MAGNIFIED ONE AND rlllUI FORESTs H.IlF .ANO-·TWO A~O HALF TIMES R£SPECTIVELV M.... .MAHASU

7 EAST OF GREENYJlCH

POSITION OF QIS 1CTS ARRANGED ACCORDING TO LANOUSE RELATIONS A

I KANGRA

2 SIWLA

3 MAHASU

4 MANDl MAP 51

o 79 I I I I

INTENSITY OF CROPPING 1970-71

D ~oundories ,. International e:.. "",._ ...... State _._._ ~ ,1'- - _'-. .~ - - - -\. t District _._._ .(.- - - - - , Tahsil/sub-TahsiL ..." . r""~ - - _ -- ~ "'I~ES 10 0 10 20 ~ .' .. ,...-----\ -i M

(~';\ ~''''1 ;'.:------:f>,. s ~A~'~\" I~ 0 16 32 KM . :- - - - - ...... ,... ,..._,." ... . l , ~ ------/- ..... ~, .....~ .... \ ) fl' - -- .;_ t-:·· ...... ' ...... _ _ _ _' ...... ( ..... ~ l' til. \ .' '. :-. " •. , ..... >:;:;_ - - \ • • • • • • • • • • • • • .:;. • • • • .( .;. , IJ ~ '. .:...... :. - "~. - -i- - ·of· •••••.•.•.... ;...•.•.• '. ,.,'_'" ;\ .4 .... ::::.-_:-_-~t _- _!...,....1.::{ ••• ' .' ••••••• ' ••• ' .' ••• ' .' .' •\ ' •.• ' •'.' •• ~.):' .' •' •• ~)/". i 'tr- ::,. __ /____ "':j ..•.....•..•..; ...... } , ,. ~ ...... ;.0-.-\ ____ ••...... •. ~ ...... t,. '".L- . - (- -- -' i:l- : r' ...... ·i· •.••...••..•• '1 '"' --- I •••••••••••• , ) .J-I-I-+-1I-I-+-fI-H~--i.;: ! . 'f't ••••••• ~" ... ~. tv ~ '.f ..... I '_ ••••••••••••• ~. , I,··· , '. i:.·.·.·.·.·.·.).·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.l::,., J .1·1\··:'················, ~ /1 r" .. i - •••••••••• ,...... '1'- ....' ••••••••••••••• '" • d~""'"- .\" T'l '. I '.1

'. , . <-:::, , .-:- =::_:::_:z. r.; :::::, ji,: · •\+ ' ". i<~=_::~J ~ , \::=::=~~=~~ ',' "~.. > " . ~ .. \ '...... r,:~,J l' -:- \::::':':" ~ 1, .... ,,: \. '." \ •. ,. ~~~J.i.,' ... ·····[]IIt:~.::::.'.:.::~.. :.v v '. ". \ 'II" .. (:'.~., ...... u., .~\ -._"-": ..... '\ j • "r ; ••••.:...... _ . :. A A D E ."\••• \ ..... ""!' " ". . .;_. - -I P S H \:";" , l4+'i'rl-li: .. " ...... -,' • " ..... ~ '.. . ) I", ~~:-t\,++\+.Hh- '" It _ 31' '\1-: \" J

INTENSITV OF CROPPING " "'-.am II ABOVE 182'00 ". ,.. 1- .... ' 11 ffiIllJ 170-01-182'00 EEB IS8·0l-l7()'00-+STATE AVERAGE \';, '·~I '~' 166-&8 04 .v . . . [OJ 146,01-158,00 04 '\

E:J 134·01-146·00 o BEL?W 134·01

I I I 1 76U EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE 1~~~:::~IIIIIIIII~llllllllllllllllblllllll·~illllllli~ 'ir~ o . . 4·9 5·4 5'5 IN'OO 000 o '''11:1<,3,:''1):,,,, 42·4 71'4 91·5 98-7 IO<>-Q GRO,.S~ ARE.A' , l I- -: 50Wti IN ,i:j i- _ HECTARES 1 1-5 3-9 IN 9· "9-1 IN'OO 000 MAP S2 . 0 76

MAJOR. CEREALS 1970-71 .(RICE, WHEAT AND MILLETS)

'0 /" . ..., ...... , \. ... o \. 33 \. 4 H M i.; "\.,_ s A ,,,'\\, I ",_;',J \ ,...... ,..: \ . i" ~. ('1 ( i l. ._. ,I i r" \. r" ,J _".. '.( \~O' v

.6 0 •• Boundariu Intcrnat ional Statc Oi$trict TaMil/Sub-TOllsll Rivers

RICE • WHEAT , MILLETS EACH DOT REPRESENTS 400 HECTARES

76° lAST OF GREENWICH 77° 7 7 MAP 53

·0 79

, PULSES AND OILSEEDS 19'70-11

o ~ ...... / ....., ._._ .\, 01- o 33 ". ~ M o {",, " . s H,/". "\ 33 I ...... ,/.J. \ \ I

.,.'" '. 'l ~ ,.:, • J I ( .,1 I ., " ..!.,J'- r') J"',i. \,{ /../\ .~ 1 "v

1 o 31 10 20 loII~ES Ip ? t ,

"Boundori" 0 " Intrrnat jonal . Stalc -~-_- DI5trjc:t Tah,j1fSub-TOhlii Rinr,

• PULSES • OIL SEEDS EACH DOT REPRESENTS 100 HEqTARES

760 EAST OF GREENWICH 7

n ______-= __ '=->Im~ ____=~L ~ 51 MAP 5<4 ;;.._ . ------_--

COMMERCIAL C~OPS 1970-71 ~ "'.r t. ',..

o 1'1 ...... /.~ "_.-. :>- • \. -t

o \ 33 \. ~ M . ". S H /1. ( \. '. . .""'\ ./. \ I ...... /.J , (._. \. ., . ( ~. ~ .( . t ._."! ...... ~ .,J J /,,1 '; . J I' ( i ... l I ., l , 7 'v

o 3.1

• POTATOE.S • APPLES , GINGER ,TEA EACH DO' r.EPRESENTS 50 HECTARES

71f

PERCENTAGE o '51'8 81·3 87·3 100.0

',' :m"~"IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII1111Il1IIIfllllllllllllll~~l~16 25 2.7 31 o • 'rA' . \.)~.~ IN'OOO IHm POTATOES [[[] APPLES [OJ GINGER f__ -j TEA

58 MAP 5S YIELD PER HECTARE OF RICE, WHEAT MILLETS AND PULSES 1971

.Jl ". .,.' ,,' ,,' ". n' ". A I I I I B I I I I

RICE WHEAT

I "

UNCiR ... "

. ' ". .~

"IEL-I) PER HECTARE IN ~t. tE3 1100.01 "NO ADOVe. 110<>01 -1200·00...-sTAT£ AVtRAQ!: ITIJ 1127'1'- lj ItOo.OQ AND IELOW

OHn. U._)IAHASU

I I I ,,,EA.TI Of • __ I I " ". '" It' ". ,,' ,,' ,,' .,.' ,,' c I I I I o I I I I

Jv1ILLETS PULSES

" • ,'" fF· ~

~ CHAMBA ,

YIEI.D PER HlCTARE 11011,. tE3 IUO

Q,O-OI-l6l1J,Oo...srATi AV[RAGE ITIJ 146H, ~ IOIOO1-l31c)00

[] 101000 "NO BELOW

I I I I 1 I L----,~.~"W"~~~.~~.~~~H----~"~.------~~r------'----~'9.~ I ". "II'

"ERtENTAGt: I 0 """TA."", "0 ,0000 o ,><> ...... 'JOO I ~~;;:::"~lllTIli I!llllllllllllllllllmlllll~-=j ~~~~!:r.111 i1111lf.I~ :':':': .:,< ! IN/COO ~ ;1 T04 I PERCENTAGE 54 1!5'N'o6~ • I PfRCENTM;! o m.>o "JOO'>O I11I T"TTT"T'T111111"J"T'1'i::--11 =- -= , ~~{~~~1~,.·n-n-n-i rr-~-===~== ~~j>ro 111I1111111111111 ! 1!IIIIIIIIIII [- o ~D 18~ 31J 33& f~~f!!.f~! ~~, I INtooO o IN'OoJ9 t f 72 59 MAPS6

o o 76 19 I I I I

AREA UNDER IRRIGATION 1971

o 8oijndori«~ International _.c::o,_ Stat~ _._._ Ci~tricl ._. Tohsil/S ub-Tc h siLo , .. , ,,"

.~ ~ILes 10 0 10 ~o \) .""" ..' / ... . H o ("'\ ...... oS

:r. -~2C1 A. .. , -.. - , , III.. Z

/ • ,

. " 0 r s Ii tf.

'0 - 31

PERCENTAGE OF IRRIGATED AREA TO NET AR,E~~Q.~__ . II ABOVE 39·00

[illJI]19.01-39.00

9·01-l1}·OO-+STATE AVERAGE ITO Ib;13 EJ 4·01- 9·00 o 8ELO~ ~\)I

I I 1 I 76"'£45T Of GREENWICH ,,0 7{' 70°

, __ "~-;;.~ :,=""""", ... _._ ..... ' -. ,. " - " - -

PERCENTAGE o 1·7 15-1 49·' 76·4 I roo :~T~~~SOWW '"1[[11[1111111 [[ [I [ [[ [[ [ II If= -===== -=1:::: ::::::::::::>[ 09 82 271 417 ' " .546 IN'OOO PERCENTAGE ::·:~m~:,"A·li~IIIIIII[[iii 11111111I1 [11E~~======]:r o 7 26 IN'OOO ' 53 85-8 89-2

60 MAP 57

o o 76 79

GROSS VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER HECTARE OF CROPPED AREA 1970-71 o Boundaries Inlcrnolionol_._._ • of' Slot' _._._ Di,trir l _._._ 33 \) o ~..... H /'~ MI~ES :: : :~ :: KM 33 • " .. oS " )...... / \" . · ..... r ...., \ ~ · I .~ '9 ,. • ,; J ~ · l ._'. " 't.J'~ r);' ( " .,_, " ') I. ·v L,.) (]) . " .d.. . . 3 ~ '" 2° . A .. I . II \ .. ... % .(I MANDl

I I I' I J

A D P £ " S H

GROSS VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER HECTARE IN RUPEES _ 1251 AND ABOVE Gt ~ 1., IJIII] 8SI-1250+STATE AVERAGE :; 1...... ~ '" 0,< 850 AND BELOW l~ OTI (1'0 FIGURES INSIDE THE HEPTAGON HIMACHAL PRADESH S N.A DATA NOT AVAILABLE INDICATE GROSS VALUE PtR HECTARE IN RUPEES M..... MAHASU

7 EAST OF GREENWICH .,.0

PEP.CENTAGE · 1 "., 52·' 1000 f.'W.~:""AlIlllllllllllllllllllllllllml~I [1 1111111111111111111111111 o 164 IN'OOO 401 759 PERCENTAGE . ~~~:~UErl1l1l1l1l1l1ll1l1l1llll1iIJlI1I1I1I1I1II1I1I1I1IIWlllllllllllllr 0 2824 5494 8487-4 IN'OC 000 MAP 58

o o 76 o 77 79 I I I I

GROSS VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER CULTIVATING HOUSEHOLD 1970-71

o 10 20

o 10 32 KIoI

\ "'\ '9 ". CHAMBA 1315·51 J i _,,_./! r~ \.1' ).,r.. /'1 { lV. LAHtJL AND SPIT! lfl . I 1 . 7' '"·v

'. KANGRA 1295'11 1 N o KULU 2553010

MANDl ! . 2166'72 '. , . , c., ,. .l.i

~ I~' BILASPUR ~ '-:'

0 IV a -31 PJ q GROSS VALUE OF ,... AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER CULTIVATING SIRMAUR ,... HOUSEHOLD IN RUPEES ~ _ 2100·01 AND ABOVE ~/ [[[ill 1300·01-2100·00..... STATE AVERAGE 155533 .[~N] [II] 900·01-1300'00 '" "\ Q 900·00 AND. BELOW o DATA NOT AVAILABLE M... _MAHASU

I ,I I 1

PERCENTAGE 9·5 o 21·3 SHO 98·0 _.-IOOOO CULTIVATING HOUSE HOLDS

o H MAP 59 , o o 76 79 I I I I

GROSS VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER CULTIVATOR 1970-71

~ D. Boundaries Inlcrnational __._ .f" SlolC _._._ Di5lrict _._._ o WILES 10 0 10 20 33:- \) ~. i M 0 II '. .. H 1"., 10 0 ,6 12 til - 33 . '\" " . D ...... ~./ \ ~ ~ · ...... r·_ \ . . . ,,'9 /' . ~ \ r-HAMBA Ii l " ,'_.~} , ,.if " ~ 678·56 ',"'# ) I \ \.1 " .r· i V (l~ . l~ , \ LAHUL AND' SPITI • " '., '. .~. '." ) I. ' V

t-:) (l ,. 3~f- • KANGRA . ~ -~2 0 1101'71 .')'r~ N ~O~U,L~O 1.:,._. ',' :1TII I( ~ - . MANDl '. I I ... % ' 1132'38 }. . ' KINNAUR l 305·93 • .

, ": BII,.ASPUR 1- • .. lX~3'U_ v /' III ITIl MAHASU 618·62 'f i S[I~MLA. SIML .768,2 o ~ -31

I I I 1 ?6"EAST OF GREENWICH 77 0

PERCENTAGE o I "" '0' l'00~O

CUL"", 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 o 4·6 &1 8-9I 9·0 IN'OOOOO PERCENTAGE o

[11111111111111111111 I E;l~~~n~~lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill111111I ~l i~i o 506 759 r803 IN'OOOOOO

63 MAP60

o o 76 79 , r I I

AGR ICULTURAL HOLDING PER CULTIVATING HOUSEHOLD 1971

~ D ..... 80undorif' /!_..J _ ._.~. Inlcrnotional __._ p. (_'- --- -\, 1- Stotr _.-.- """'\ District _._._ .- - - - - ~ _,.J._ ____ - fII'LES 10 0 10 20 'I) /'- ____ --- \. ' M r-'\ .- -- _: ---- _/:0... S I, A Ib 0 16 JZ lM I -.~ ------r -\ /- """\ ,. " ------. - __:_ ..... , r· .... · -- -. l 'f ------/- -- -' - - - - \ )------,- - f--'_ ------.... ~ !------1------~ ~ ~ ~- -- CHAMBA - -.------{._.";_1 ., r --- 0·98 -- -+ ------.,., ) 1\ f_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-L:._-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-~f_-_-~..~. i . ~------1 \ ,. \.------:------' - - - - - LAHULANDSPlTI- -. -. '" ~ ·f'r--~------().90------7 ) . ------fi' 'v )~ ~7\ ~m-=:r 32f-

""GJI1'18 I N. (I~ \ KULU . t.-'---. . -- 1·11 • GO

IMANDl \. h !~l . 11 . ,I ' ~ : % ~. I 1-12

MAHASU 1'29 SIMLA' P • A ". S -SIML~ . 1·41 ~ H~ o -31

AGRICULTURAL HOLDING PER CULTIVAT ING HOUSEHOLD IN HECTARES II 1·31 AND ABOVE mnn IH-I'30-+STATE AVERAGE WWJ 1'17 [0 1·01-1-15 D 1·00 AND BELOW M..... MAHASU , I I 1 1

PERCENTAGE 672

~~~i~v:6~~BllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliIi 1llllllllt-r 00'2 3-3' 4-7 5·2 . IN'OOOOO

64 MAP 61

o o 76 79 1 r 1 I

AGRICULTURAL HOLDING PER CAPITA IN RURAL AREAS 1971

~ 0 Boundori~' "._, ...... _..... Int~rnotioool _o_o_ ,.. - - - - . State _._._ (- --- -\ of' District _._. _ _ - - - - -, TOhsil/Sub-Tohsil...... ~ • "" . • MIlES ,0 0 10 20

J·1·~·['\. \:======:><_.f_ _ - - - -' ••••• " ,..~>~\," 't" - , · " ,,~ ~ . \...... _ _ _ .,_ /...... : . . . . ~- - \ \ -- - -/••••••••••••• • ;..L. - ~ -9 .1 . t- -- -\ ...... " - - . ./'. ~ , .... .: ":::' .:... :::::: .. ~ -j' ...... i- - -l .,...1 4 t .... .::::.. -~- :.\ ..' -\- ...... \ -- --\' ~.-- ...... _r'\ .'~ : ...... {...... ~- -- r -- I ..,,- • . ,. t..\-.---\-----j-=-= _:=~:t ...... L-_- _-_~_- _-( 1" ( --:_"'";,....--\- -- -/:'\., .. " .. , ... ",i------.n .\... . - .,,:-- L --- f. .. "':":-""-r'" ...... " ------',_, -'I 1 ..\.( --- i .... .I . .' ....• ;.. ~. - - - _ -_-_ - _7 v ,.,,~..... \:...._- - -j' ..... '. '1' ~ ...... T------j , .... :,' ".( ...... :::... ------.. ~ .,. o 321- • ':. ," .. ' "\, " •.• j 0 Ii ----- A- - "..:~ " ...... " N '\. ._ -- _:.-..oy'.'"'{ •••• y. '. " , •." "yI., . . "'.' ( . .. (,-~"'.;...... '.\/ ~-~""r"" ,... " 'I~ Ir \...... ".. r- -:~-~J'·:.~[:.I·:: .:. \.:.~.~~.:.~.~~ :- '\ --il!·..i ":.. l).....-l ..... ' ·.. fJ .i . \';''':'.' •..... ' .. !.~.. :z 00 -\-"-! .::...... ]'.:.,. I F.'.. ··.· \..... · .. ·r~'}.. .. \=. ./_::::...... (-\.; .... .::( '. ", . t ,\ '. ' , - "::'" I- ~'- ":::'" \, ::_-.i._ jiI..,. " . \- - i.. f". - t - t . .' . '. - r , . ,. " '- - k ....- _ "'} i r\ " \ !(

...''-.:' ,":J,~~) ~ f.:, "~'/~l"[( ; . p • A " '~sr ~ "-v .... ! !.,.~ yo i .... '.'" .'\ tf ,~lill~ sh- ._ i·.· ..:\ "~... \ r" .i '. ~ ~-l'''''~r.\ '~ ) :, cr tlt;-/.::\:, I' ~ oJ '"'\~··.m ': .. ~. J" q AGRICULTURAL HOLDING ')i1l4 '' . .' --~_!-'~( ,_ PER CAPITA IN RURAL AREAS IN HECTARE _ 0'24 AND ABOVE '.. [illill 0·21-0·24 .. ·~'.JIT~~: 0·IS-Q·20-+STATE AVERAGE 04 \ ITO 0·19 E:J 0·15-0·17 D (H4 AND BELOW

I " I I J 7~EASl OF GREENWICH 78°

PERCENTAGE ~~m~~~~·~rlllllllllifililllllii'lIIIIIIIIIIIIIII - q:\:T o 0-9 1'6 IN'OO 000 40() 5'3 6,0 PERCENTAGE ~~t.TlONlilllllirllllllllllllll'~======r:::::::T o 3·4 6'2 19-0 26'S 32'185 IN'OO 000

G5 MAP 62

o o o 76 77 79 1 I I I

AGRICULTURAL HOLDING PER MALE CULTIVATOR 1971

60undariu ~ 0 International _0_0 _ /'-'-'_...... _ ..... State _._._ ,...... \ Di,trict _ '_'_ (. ••••••••• " of" lahsil/Sub ...TohsiL .. ".... "...... " ,.~...... ". MiLlS 10 0 10 20 ~ .... 1 ...... , ,. , .. ' .. r· ...... " ...... •...... ; - - -l' 7"J ) /'" ...... , :." ..'- .:::::, ....•.,,'" j:'" :"~!., .. .J • ••••••••••••• ~. - -.\,_ .-~. J ,,_" \ ~ ~- -~~_=-J.. :-~<::·:.. ::~;.:.i~~~-:.: .:<-:-:.:.:-:-:-:-:.:)=-=-=""":_L_ - =i 1';-' ( ""-- ..... - \...... ' ...... ': ---- - ,j=) • ,- -:r-.: ../ ...... It':""" ...... {------~ '" ) -~ r--.r~·:············1 ' --::::~<.·.·.·.·.·.\'\------f 'v • ., ',. •••• / -- -,~ • • ;.1 = ••• \ ------• .. . . . ~ -- ~ ..: . . . .,...:.... ------1.-. :"[:' . ___ ·""r~ ...f------) (l \.1; .'- ---- ~)... --- ...... --- -. !..... -- ...... - ...... --"'..- - ...... ----- ~ . - ...... --- - -\------. If------\ - -.- --- .""".-,...r.\. ~ _1.2'. , . __ . _____ 1...... joa. N ~----.o---- - Jr- -- A .,-.r-.' ••••.• (.

-fl\'I' .'" .. 11) • I; 1/ ...... , -", L ------. II: '% ...... :,:------..,,::~ ". . ,' .. ".. l_ '. - ~., .\.".C-...-- ~.".k~~.::~~-J . ~•• l>

./ ''\-: ."- .... I '.' v '~"-' _I k~'f~l:': ·,1•• '.... of J.. ,.It:L;-/ i ".:- \', ,,', . _"i._ -:_,,;_ ..... ;-:- .' ..... ~ .. '. ~';. .

~ I~)] ....1 .J -li'\J (·~·r ./ \. / 1··:·····...... i'''~) a: .... \~-:-J".I.\, .,,)x.·.·.·.·.,.

I I f I i(,O EAST OF GREENWICH

t PERCENTAGE. no .1000 ~~::~AAlrlllllllllllllllllii~llllllllllllIllIiri 1111/1·1 m ~5 )() o +s 1JS6 60 IN'OOOOO O • PERCENTAGE ~ttiwATORSllllllllllllllllllilrllllllll i~ _ O· ~ H » IN'OO 000

66 MAP 63 o 76 o o o 77 78 79

PER ADULT REQUIREMENT AND SUPPLY OF STAPLE FOOD CROPS (CEREALS AND PULSES) 1971 o Boundories Inlullotional_o_._ Stote _._._ District _,_,_ 3 MILES 10 0 10 20 'i t.4 o H Ib 0 16 $ '2 K lot 3 ,-

...

1ft...

.., o E s

PER ADULT AVAILABILITY OF STAPLE FOOD CROPS MEASURED IN CALORIES EXPRESSED IN PERCENTAGE RATIO TO REOUIREMENTS

• ABOVE 15000

• 125'OH50'00

10O-OH 25'00

g BELOW 2501 EXTREMELY DEF ICIT) DEFICIT M .... MAHASU

EAST OF GREENWICH

o 14-7 PERCENTAGE . 78-4 977" 100 0 • •• REOUIRMENTS OF •• FOOD CROPS •• •• •• o .~ o 189 PERCENTAGE o...... 1",.. 82·9 99·71000 <4- .., .. ,,"1'1 , SUPPLY OF .. 4_ .;;J I ,., l1 ... _ ~ I FOOD CROPS -, • ""~. ~ I ... -.7\ ,\ • "'\'! ow o 5 242 CALORIES IN' 0000 MILLIONS 292 293

67 MAP 64

o o 76 79

WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS 1971

o Boundaries Internat ion a ,_.___ S'ate _.-._ Di'trlct _._o_ o MILES 10 3'3 0 10 20 -4 t.C 0 H 1& a Ib 32 KM 3 " "

-9

C'I

......

3 o I

TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE OF

WORKERS TO TOTAL OOOOCX) POPULATION 1971 700 000 .fm! ABOVE 55·00 500000 200 000 a 45-01~5500 100000 FIGURES AT THE TOP 0' THE CIRCLES OJ] 3501-45'00-+STATE AVERAGE INDICATE TOTAL POPULATION 1971 . 36·95 NON..wOIll(EA we_EAs FIGURES AGAINST THE SECTOAS INDICATE D BELOW 35-01 • P.ERCENTAGE OF WALE (I,O"NO 'EMALE (F) M. .... MAHASU ... _ ...... J,jAlE F...... -"EMAlE

" ., 76 EAST OF GREENWICH

I '. PERCENTAG£(Ar,o) . 01,;.",,11111111111111'· ,lll1JIIIIII if I . . UNITS . . . 0~·131·51~~~·~217:'ITll]··]PEJ.R~c[E[NITAIG]EJ. 1[·' .[7~'~'5~~~~~_:';jO.0 Woo""L 31"1[ 1111111 11 III [It j o 0·5 .3-5 9·1 12 a IN'OOOOO

68 MAP 65

o 79

RURAL WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS

D 1971 Boundciries Internal ionol_._._ Slate _._._ Di\trict _._._ o 33 "ILEl 10 0 1O 20 1 M 0 H 16 0 16 32 KM 33 $ "

r " ) """L.._ __ -\

(- - - , r_-_-_-_-....!.v.!.~-_ (I 1---- :, o"-'~ • ' -- 32 ~.,- - ......

- V /

TOTAL ,RURAL POPULATION' PERCENTAGE OF RURAL

WORKERS TO TOTAL ' 1000000 RURAL POPULATION 1971 700 000 ABOVE 55,00 soo 000 Em! '---'-'--'- 200 00 0 B, 45-01-55,00 /'1:!iM""'_'1/- 100 000 35·01-45·00...sTATE AVERAGE [ill FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRCLES :n'IS INOICATE TOTAL RUIIAL POPULATIOtlI971 Q 'BELOW 35·01 FIGURES AGAINST THE SECTORS INDICATE PERCENTAGE OF MALE (M) AND, FEMALE (F) , M,,,MAHASU IA .. " .. ,."",,,,,,,MALE , F...,"''''', .. "" .. IEMALE

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Area.)

.,'ST"tTS 1IIIIIIIItlllllllllillir 'iilllllllllll[ 0, , 2 , 4 9 J10 UNITS ' PERCENTAGE' '~~~~~RS °EIIII _'irllillIIIIIIIIIDIIIIIIIl[lIr~=J o 0-5 3-4 '8'5 , 11,96 IN'OOOOO

69 ' MAP 66

o o 76 79

URBAN WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS o 1971 Soulldariu Internatianal_._._

o 33 ~'l'" 51~;~ict =:=:= ·~.,. 4 H /~ MILU :: : :; :: KM . \, s '. ) ..... ~./ \.- l ; ·...... r·- \ '". 11 .; ,.I l ...... r" i.r~ I){". {

LAHUL AND SPITI I.J. '" 7 'v

., 3

...

PERCENTAGE OF URBAN WORKERS TO TOTAL URBAN POPULATION 1971 TOTAL URBAN POPULATION g ABOVE 38'00 0000 0000 E=:l. 34·01-38·00 .... STATE AVERAGE E:::::::l 3 4· 2 0 FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE CIRC~ES []]] BELOW 34'01 INDICATE TOTAL UR8AN POPULATION 1971

FIGURES AGAINST THE SECTORS INDICATE D ENTIRELY RURAL PERCENTAGE OF MA~E (M) AND FEMALE (F) M...... IAALE M..... MAHASU L ...... IEMALE

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Area) o 7·2 31·8 667 100'0

DlST AlCTSJ.1III _11111 IIJIIIIIIIIIll1IIII!=:]1 5 UNITS 9 10 PERCENTAGE ~~~~~ .. ~"llllllllllllllr 11111111 ill~O o 19 ii IN'OOO 57 83

70 MAP 67

o o o 76 77 79 I J I I

RURAL MALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59

o 1971 Boundaries Inl~rnotionol _._._ State _._._ District _ . _ ._ TC1IIsil/Sub-Toh sil ...... WILES 10 0 10 20 t.4 ,6 32 KM H ,; " . ',6 0 I'. "

II ]:::

3fr-. o -31

,_ PERCENTAGE OF MALE ,_ WORKERS ~ ... . 'I :l mI ABOVE 96·00 1) UDIn 93-01-96.00 . 87-01-93'00-+STATE AVERAGE \ [ill 87'62 D 81·01 -:-87·00 o BELOW 81-01

I I L I 76°EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Arta) ...... :~~~~SlLSrlllllllrl jr~1111111111111111I1 ~ri [1111111'[ r··T. '.' .. o 7 ::13 42 48 S3 UNITS PERCENTAGE ~:;.IN.llllllllllllli~llllllllllll-=-=-=-I:::::J o 0·7 2'1, H S'9 7'1 IN'OOOOO

71 MAP 68 o o 76 79 I I I I

URBAN MALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 1971 ~ D Boundaries ._ •..._._...... Inttrnotional _._t_ " •,/ \ Stott _._._ f " t District _,_,_ Tahsil/SUb-TOhsi~ijjs ..io ...... '''o 10 2Q .) "".-<:\ \ t.i :=*==*===: . I l., / ..... H ...... ' 16 0 .6 U KM ('.",'. '-; . , ~ 8 ,/; • • \ ) • ..._ , J', \" . l \ ') \( _J ...... ,... ~. '.',." \ . . \ (' (' "'~ ,. ... I, ~ I'", 'I.';,. .... ,.'" I' ,\ l' .r"-f~ J C ! •...... '., 'I .... 1 • _._ j r , i1 '\ ¥ '--,~(_ \ 'J' r;; ( • ," \. ". "':'0 } I ~"~ . i.' l .,., ''',V ') • _.:t-++-IH,.\ ~ ~. j ~ .... ,\ ( I. I :

.,d,¥- y'" ...... I. • • .' ~ '", 3~r- ',.~. ··.r ~ r. t·_·"'··"s -~2' \ .... '.1 . N ir .". l~ . A.-~"'~.. ('04 (,...... ,.'\...... 1· ..[··~·· i ..... :.1 ..I.I.~ r= ~... ' .. ' .. , .... '. ""+ijf r-i..... \ if'; - : ...\ r·· ...· .-./', ...... "...... 1" .\ ,./"":\ .. \ ~ .. ' ...... ) .., j\ .... >"'; \ .... \'. • .. z 00 \! ··i... I~ . ~ i /f . <:...... \!"...... )\ 'I'...;.... '" ..... i-: r.. :-.. v .. ..1 '" K ) \. (4 " .,,', '. \_ .. \.~.'Hi. ··· ,. ... " ... ,.,., ... " .. \ '\ ~ ..r\ ...... )., , ,. 11:I~: If,. i. I..r!_ ... I.~-.-<, \.\... 4, "I...i ~ /--'f+- .... ;. " \....,_.\ ... l.,...... , ...... , ..."),v. /' .- I.' .':-.... J'_' ": '~'. )ry .. ' . '.,;1" .1--'1'" ., , • .' ·.. l I • .,.., , . '. \ .J . .-...... ,' ..:...., ... ' ...... "..,,,'''' A D '_',,\', ! . " ! "".. / p" E S H' •. '.I.-I--~·n ". ,,' 1:1;; ...... :.\ .. ", ( .\,..... 31- . • "t;..,~· OJ'' J ~: -.,'

PERCENTAGE OF . tv' ;/\( .. MALE WORKERS " J! ') t 1-. _ ABOVE 88-00

illJIII 82<>1-88,00 ~'~~)_W~' -4' '\ 76<>1-82<>0 ..... STATE AVERAGE ~ Ern 80'37 . OTI BELOW 7601 D ENTIRELY RURAL

1 1 1 1 76"EAST OF GREENWICH 780

PERCENTAGE(.Ar.q) 100'0 :~:~;;:SlL5lrllllllliliIIIIIITllllli' . 0 4 9 18 24 I 53 UNITS PERCENTAGE

~:~iA,~Ellllllllli~illlm 11111111111111111111 Iii 11II (Ii o 9 14 WORKERS IN'OOO 56 71 MAP 69 o o o 76 77 79 1 I. I ,

RURAL FEMALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59

D 1971 Boundaries Int~rnationol _._._ Stote. _._ ...... District _ ,_,_ Tah si I/Sub-Tahsi I .... : ...... IoIILE$ '0 0 10 20 H ... :=*===:::==; s .16 o 16' U Klol

• 011

E S H

o -31

PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE WORKERS .' _ ABOVE 8S00

ITIIID 68'01-85'00 tm 51'01-6800

34·01-SI'O()...f.STATE AVERAGE ITIJ . 34'82 Q 17'01-3400 o BELOW 17·01

I 1 1 1 76Q EAST OF GREENWICH

o '6 PERCENTAGE (Atca) 100.0 IB·8 30·1 5~_-_ ~:_:I:~ ...... , .~3 TAHSILS II II 5UB-TAHSILS 1 U U II r- -- -. ~ .... ~ 04 15 23 . 3S 43 53 UNITS PERCENTAGE :~\:~!~NAlE l'llllllllllillllllllltlilllllllll [I f=-J,:,'T o 0·1 0·6 1·3 2'3 2-6 2'9 iN'OO 000

73 MAP70

o o o 76 77 79 I I I I

URBAN FEMALE WORKERS

I I I I 76"£AST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Area)

:~:~;;SILIMli 1111111 ill i'iU' T o 2 7 17 22 24 53 UNITS PERCENTAGE ~::U!~~llllllllllii 1111111111111j~11111 ~llllrl~lllnro o 5 II 57 67*68 WORKERS IN'OO

74 MAP11

o o 16 19

WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN EMPLOYABLE POPULATION IN AGE 15-59

D 1971 Boundaries StateInt c rnat lonol_._.__._._ District _._._ o MILES 10 a 10 20 33 :===I=::;=:=: 10 o 16 JUM .,. 13516. • I o.~ l. '-'~'. /'f~ . 40'39r;D. ~~6 \.r'" .J~_"_. ,j '(' '0 ~1.94 I , 59·08 tJ :• LAHUL AND SPITI ," 7 'v L,.) " .~ (_.-..,r'" s A(_ ...... ,;' to!• .. I ('_ • ; , ...... ,.-./ 25978 r 1ft o~ 1 .. 40.46t:T:\912 S~ " 'Z V L!,!H6' KINNAUR (' > Gtl\~ \r ~J''''' "._." '. ~'oJ '_'''\ \ , • p ~ A DES If \,.....

3 ; o (" a: 31

'Cf SIZE OF TOTAL EMPLoYABLE ... POPULATION IN AGE GROUP 15-59 1971

____...,.....~_300 000 NON-WORKERS 200000 __ 5000

lot

__ 1000 __ 500 WORKERS

ABSOLUTE FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE SOUARE INDICATE THE TOTAL ABSOLUTE FIGURES AT THE TOP OF THE NUMBER OF NON-WORKERS CIRCLE INDICATE THE TOTAL EMPLOYABLE POPULATION M. .... MAHASU S...... SIMLA

0 76 EAST OF GREENWICH 78

/ PERCENTAGE 99'7 0 71·4 98·3+- Ii 00·0 WORKERS EMPLOYABLE §fmMALE POPULATION IN AGE 15-59 OJ] FEMALE 10'95 NON-WORKERS 0 , 7'82 10'7t? BMALE POPULATiON IN 00 000 I0'92 _FEMALE

75 MAP 72

o o 79

CLASSIFICATION OF MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS 1971

VuANUFACTURING, PROCESSING ' . SERVICINC AND REPAIRS . C41HOUSEHOlD INDUSTRY' § Cbl OTHER .THAN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY VI ONS TRUCTION • • VII~TR'ADE AND COMMERCE FOR HiMACHAL PRADESH THE' SCALE . . VIII TRANSPORT, STORAGE HAS BEEN llEDUCED TEN TI",ES . ·AND COMMUNICATIONS IX OTHER 'SERVICES· M... ,J.:1AHA'SU, ASS.OlUTE AND PERCENTAGE SHARE OF S. .... SIMLA PERSONS IN DIFFERENT INDUSflUAl CATEGORIES ARE SHOWN BY THE SCALE ABOVE AND BELOW N...... NEGlIGIBLE THE BAR DIAGRAM RESPECTIVELY

.EAST , OF GREENWICH

100 f.NPUSTRIAL STRUCTURE OF POPULATION 1971 .

. I CHAMBA '2KANGRA . 'IIANDI 4 KULU 5 lAHUL AND SPITI· o81LASPUR 711AHASU 8 SIMLA 9 SIRIIAUR 10KINNAUR

10 20 30 40 SO 00 70 80 90 100' PERCENTAGE SECONDARY

76 MAP 73

o o o 76 77 79

60 55 10 5__rj ~ _ _l_pjS _jO CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL MALE (~ ;--liN'OOo) IX AN!?, F.EMALE WORKERS

VIII N, 1971 MALES [MALEi~ o ..... 80 ,dories /'''''' .~ ...... tnl~rnOllonol_._._StOtf _,_,_ ( Di5trict _,_,_ MILES 10 o 10 ao ~~:::::::::==== 16 o 16

VII}N ~ 11 /',' N VII l .'" , ",j'''''- ) ~.r. /, • .,r ( I/(. · 'r 10'-, "- (llioooll, ·v L,.) '",

NIL /''''_''''''''" S ~'''''''".~

S II 3 I•

,..

INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE 1971 1- I lCULTIVATORS II AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS '., . III LIVESTOCK FORESTRY FISHINGj VIII :: : : : :, HUNTING AND PLANTA'rIONS.OHCHARDS N 0 AND ALUED ACTIVITIES IV MINING AND QUARRVING FEMALES

V {MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING SERVICING AND REPAIRS § (d)HOUSEHOlD INDUS TRY • (b)OTHER THAN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY VI CONSTRUCTION

VII DTRADE AND COMMERCE FOR HIMACHAL PRADESH THE SCALE VIII TRANSPORT, STORAGE HAS &fEN REDUCED TEN TIM£6 AND COMMUNICATIONS IX OTHER SERVICES M..... MAHASU ABSO,UTE AND PERCENTAGE SHARE OF PERSONS IN DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAt CATEGORIES S...... SIMLA ARE SHOWN BY THE SCALE ABOVE AND BELOW N...... NEGLIGIBLE THE BAR DIAGRAM RESPECTIVELY

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

100 INDUSTRIAL STRUCTURE OF RURAL POPULATION 1971

I I CHAMBA 2 UNGRA / ) MANDl 4 Kulu 5 LAHUL AND SPIT I 6 BIL.ASPUR 7 MAHASU 8 SiMLA 9 SIRMAUR 10 KI NMAUR

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 SO 90 100 PERCeNTAGE ,SECONDARY

77 MAP 74 o 79

CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN MALE 20 15 10 AND FEMALE WORKE RS

D 1971 Boundaries Intcrnational_._._ 'Slote _._._ \. ... , Distric:t _._.- , MIL£S 10 0 10 20 33 10 \5 .\1 I '" ' ,. 0 ,6 32 KM C '/ _,\ ') , ,rl--~~r'I--~---"I 40 '20 10 0·0 10 PERCENTAGE

LAHUL AND SPITI E.R.

INDUHRIAL STRUCTURE 1971

I ULTIVATORS GRICULTURAL LA80URERS r:::l" IVESTOCK, FORESTRY FISHING LJ"I UNTING AND PLANTATIONS,oAcHARDS NO ALLIED ACTIVITIES IV ~ INING AND QUARRYING MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING SERVICING AND REPAIRS ~) HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY 30 20 ,04 (b) OTHER THAN HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY VI CONSTRUCTION MALES N IV FEMALES l N VII {TRADE AND COMMERCE FOR HIMACHAL PRADESH THE SCALE VIII TRANSPORT, STORAGE HAS BEEN REDUCED SIX TIMES HIMACHAL PRADESH "ND COMMUNICATIONS I! OTHER SERVICES M ... .MAHASU ABSOLUTE AND PERCENTAGE SHARE OF PERSONS IN DIFFERENT 'NDUSTRIAL CATEGORIES S..... SIMLA A~E SHOWN BY TH! SCALE ABOVE AND BELO\\' THE BAR DIAGRAM RESPECTIVELY E.R .. .ENTIRELY RURAL ~r-I 30 15 1.0 5 0 0 5 N.... NEG.LIGIBLE PERCENTAGE 76 EAST OF GREENWICH

INDUSTRIAL .STRUCTURE OF URBAN POPULATION 1971

o 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 60 90 100 PERCENTAGE SECONDARY

78 o o 76 o 77 79

CULTIVATORS .IN TOTAL •• i WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 1971

D Boundar;" Internationol _._._ Stolt .;.._._ District ...... _ .. _ To hsil/Sub-To h$i 1...... ,...... ," o 33 lIIiLU 10,' .. 0 to ~O' o 33

[IIJ]J 75·01-85'00

65·01-7S·00..... STATE 'AVERAGE ITO 68'11 [;j 55'01-65'00 o 55-00 AND BELOW

76 EAST OF GREENWICH 780

PERCENTAGE (Arra) ;~~~;~SlLSrlllllllllllllr~illllllllllllllllll~rlllllllr= l\T o 5 21 36 44 53 UNITS . RERCENTAGE ~~~:~~tillllllllllllllllllllllllllirllll rIIIII=====I:::T o 0·6 3'3 5'2 6'6 7-3 IN'OOOOO .

79 MAP76

r---.__ ~7r6 ______T77_0 ______~7~~ ______~79~O I I I I

CULTIVATORS IN RURAL POPULATION 1971

Boundaries o International ___ e_ Slate Districl . t Tahsil/Sub-Tahsil...... MILES 10, 0 10 20 H I. 0 ,. 3Z 01 iJ3° .t '" - ~ ". , '1'" ~ ~,I

: of.~ ~ ~ )J ..r" ..1... : '. ; ~ ~/ ~ f""~

(l ". H-'H._J::" .~. "'~" +H-+t-H-++t-+++t-H-!: t-H-"t-t-1a r: 1 j./j:_"". i ~ \ '" )"':-!-+--I-HH-I--Ht-++-++++++H--H-I"'i"-t-rt-rt"t"T"tlM1 ""r~ \ ;1"..... I~'~ !:~~~::!::!~[f-;¥·... '\4- .....+!-+.Jt.tJ--tttr~:tt .. ~~rr.r-4r-+++-rt-ll""l(.t-l1-1-l,l '", ••• , If • " ) /.• • • • --". a ••.•.4-1~~+++t++tt-H-iH-l-ttffil-tt .v ( ,.-:' .....'. L - 'I, •••• II+f+HllH-+++--t+H;-++++++-H-t-n-ti ...... y - - . '. . . . +.-t+H-H-H--iH-++t::IH-t-ffi-t-tt-H--r--H • j...... J -- -/. • . j;.L). ••••,)H+t+P~I;;I;. ~:++++rH-t+-H-MlrH""""1\11 C'I r.L< .. '.' .. :.,.:.,.~. .\~~:- ---j... ' .' ... ' .' .'.' ...:lj' -H++++++++tT~t+I+t-H+tttrrrrHiI' 31, 'l' ,{, • ',' ' ..... - ""1" , , ••• l" .'T·' ' .. '\0":::::.' ~\_;:... \'''.'.'.f , ~'f~ , ; , .. :", . '\.~ . ' .. :.~! N lrl.H-t-t-1 D++-H-i-H I r[l.H-I-+-+~'::::-+. t-:~iI:;;:t:"....~J .. I . r":·:·~:·, .... .' .... '. '.~.:).:,.~-~ '. . ':. ..J' .. ~ - -- i .' -- I \ ••••....•• ~.::.:.. - '-, I-!" .' ....,. .'I··te ~. _:~"'}.;_\' •• ' I.' . '-:,:":/"'" __ .!..\j: ", ", .. __ :..

. \ "' ...... '. >:';" -- -~1.. : i:.,.. ·· ....t':.-- ~-_...... • '\: r(]~"W"~ ~ A 0 Ii ~ -~.. ., .': . f ~ ". - j7"~. .~ to" '. • cr 3t PERCENTAG! OF '1 ...(';.t_) lV • - CULTIVATORS TO TOTAL ''''''_tj'. i RURAL POPULATION 1971 g ABOVE 045'00 'T-l{. ":." fl' [ . ~ .. i- ,~~,'f .J. •.. _ .'_. .. l- [I]]] 39·01-45·00 " \;" - ...:.../.,..; - '" ;:) of ·c -,-:..... - - ~) EEE 33-01-39·00 ,.•· ...... ,-;---7 -,/" 04 Ii 1.J..... ( 27·01-J3.0C>-+STATE AVERAGE 04 \ OJ] 27,94 GJ 21·01.:.:27·00 D BELOW 21·01

1 1 1 1 76"EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE(Arfo) .

5ILs ::::;;: IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII'lllllliffdi'111111111 r·:·:·:·:·T o 7 17 27 UNITS 38 47 53 PERCENTAGE ~:~~f~::S IllllIllllJlll1llllrri 11II iIllllll1 i~- =-l:-:-: ·T H 2·3 3-9 S' 9 -- 7<6 9-0 o IN'OO 000

80 MAP77

D .D o 76 77 7S~ 79

MALE CULTIVATORS IN'MALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 1971 Boundariu D International Slate _.=__ • __ ,_.• __ District _, __ Tah~il/S(Jb-Tahstl " o • WILlS 10 0 10 20 33 AI M o :":-. s H /.:\ I~ 0 ,~ 32 W 33 .. \...... ~ \ ' . ,..-,,:.... , .. , ...... '.' . , .\ J• • • • • • • • ~ • • • ," • • • I \...... ' ...... '.' ", . (:) ...... "\ . 1 ,;,. 1 i ...... ",' .... ·l ._" " ,If ...... , ...... \...... 'l ,."" . . . j ~.I '. I+++-t-t-HH-t-t+++t-t-H!"'i: : ...... • . . , . • . . . , • • • 'r; ...... • . . . . .~. • . . [A ," •.T' ( \+t-H"'++H-+l:-++H~_ '.~.'~".'.' .'. '.' .•...• , •. j...... '. 7 " :.-+-;+-. - _?- . --=. • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • . . . • . • • • .- -: . , . - - I. ".' ..... ";-'" " ...... • V :' - ----/ . I _--) ( ...... ;.:' ...... 1... . __ .:- -;:~.,/ - _ f'o.r. : • ;' •••••••••••••••.) (\ \_...i.. 7' ",················l ...... :::_ .....;:.,. - --_.3 _ - - ---_ -....,. '" 1"'" •••••••••••••••• ~ ,- -- '::.._ - .<__ :r.t :.... ~., ...... , , . • i,_ - _ ....;;-- ,.. ::i -- ~ . \,.."...,... t'.,.._:_..r~ ~ .. ' -:;,. - r' .. , ...... ~ -- ~ \ - - - - -_:.-_····L - 1- :I . 0 . I...... A...... / .... ~ - -I' "'j" _:. .' ,_,' 'r,' , , ...( ..... \ -- ... - '.:-::: .:-_:-.. 7~·":"""" 't . ,.' '. !.. ' ~:.. . .' ... r-'· ... ' .;_ -;' - .. ,. . . _. '- ::,...... ;_ .... ~. {' . \. --::- ..I.- - _._-_ . : .--..... \. ". ~ .... " 1 cw -0 .... .:.... - ~ -~ 'T \ ~ .. ':.~~=-:~:(~.~.:.: .. :.:.:.:.:.':"; % \ '.. :":-.-::t 7-" .' \. r··'----·, " _, " . \ - -\ . , ~.... ,'. f' \:.( .. :..~ - -~ -- ~( » /~:'-!\\':T:' I~.·,ill .... ~ .\~'{_=~====~,. '" - .. ] r.t. .' l " i 1 J.,.~'"\., ____v, 1 ~.:>f~ : ":r- ...... ~~ '-'p ~ Po A D ';";'_'"'\,- _.~ '1 .. ' ....I- II.. 't ..... ~ /of \,...... ~ ". lI,' '''' r 3 o PERCENTAGE OF MALE ':')~b~/]"'"I !~" cr 31 CULTIVATORS TO TOTAL }.~r. / 1\ II " MALE WORKERS IN AGE GROUP 15-59 1971 '~?r .., II ~ 1m ABOVE 85·00 . ~.... \'-~. . . . Ii') : llilII] 75'01-85{)0 'f 1\.·'~.''' .i>'" .)) ~ 65'01-75-00 . J. •...... 04 " .~' Ern 01 ~ 1:J" ( 5S.01-6S{)0 ....STATE AVERAGE 04 \ [0 60;Je GJ 4S·01-5S·00 o, BELOW 4S'01

'7~OEAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Arro) :~~~~~~;,L51111111111111111111Ii~r 1IIIIIJiIl [III r[= -= - =-=Tr o 4 12 UNIT?2 304 4S S3 PERCENTAGE ~~~Ec~~ATORlilllllllllrlf'llllllllrllllll 11-=-====~rro o 0.4 "2 201 3·a 4,5 4·7 IN'OOOOO

81 MAP 78

o 76 o. , 79 , I

FEMALE CULTIVATORS IN· FEMALE '. WORKERS ·IN AGE 15-59 1971 BoundQri~s IntcrnatlonaIOlD_._ State _._._ Oistrict o TQh~il ...... "10 0 10 MILfS 33~ 20 .q M :=*=;=~ ~"' s H :~. " " 0 ,6 ,2kM .~ ·...... r·-.r---'\.....,_--\ " .,::,- .'\ '9 . _,..

~ ~.I ______~: (A' r~ r' "\- ----,;;'----==~ ------"'__--t\-J' ) _".. . ~ \ __ ~"'-::.. ./ '.. 1------~ . [' 1". {. , .. ..:...--~_."\------) .t=l. L /..' ;:,. l / - ~-...'"""r --- : 7 ~ ') ~. . . . \ \l \!'\ I. -; { " \. - _ -' _ - _"":" . . 'v ''''''' • • • • 'i " I -:- f \ _ _ _ " '.'( ...... :'\) -;-. :- - ! (: ..,:"'-. ---,------IL.. I . . . . '.,.~.. :."-' _ _.-..:_ .;---. - - ( ----''',\ :' 1\ o 'C<:~~~~~~P:_-;=~--;-1' '~\ '1' .. ,-: \- - ~ - '\I - .. -t N _I 0 1-., A_'-.L'-:.:..j..'14-1-1-+-1· r~---"'''''''::'' 11\ ... '. "; ..~ .'~ ~- : .. ~~"'" :' ,,' .. :. !----"- ~.. 1 ...:. b.I_ _ _( ~. '''''. '-, r."-\.•. " \. . . . .", .: :'.. Tn,._ '" _". ..,' '. ',_ ..:...... • •• .'1·· ...·· ,~ ." \ • 1',. .~ ;~...... ~\...... :.. _~ % «) \'.'.l.' '. ~ :...... ~. \.::.";. ;.~ '. '. ~...... :' ~~ '. .' r"'- :i> c. \ .•• ". '. p p .; .. ' .:...... '::" .~ i' . . .j; l. . . .-..., ~ .. '! '"~I ,'" ...... ~ ." ~ ..r' ~'J~Ii:· , J .. ,,' ...... "-1", ····, ...... · .. ···· ..··-.if v l ." " I'''''' . .. • ._'.... 4>. I ~.. r' ' ...... ~<--;. 1\ A D E .-.~ i ·,0 "",'. :". ..," S .. ~ 31 r-' . J \: ' .. PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE (I '""Q V~\ \-7' v a: _ 310 CULTIVATORS TO TOTAL "j.].---::'

BELOW 66'01

I I ,- 1 7(; EAST eF GREENWICH 780

PERCENTAGE (}.rrV ::~;;:SlLillllllllllllllllllr 'jill IJr· '.t i?:T UNITS PERCENTAGE 98·5

[~~~iiTOR~ 1111111111111' .. 'iii liT TjfO 4S o 113 176 239 2S9--2f>3 IN'eoe

.82 MAP79

o o 76 79 I I I T

AGRICULTURAL .LABOURERS IN TOTAL AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 1971 . ~ ·0 _, ...... :"': ...... _ Boundaries " .!'...... :, ""Statelot.rnatJonol_o _._._ __ ( ••••••••• ", '1 District _._._ • "",'. '.' • • • • • • • • .• 10.h.U _··_·'... ·"10 0 10 20 MILES ,:, .~ ..::;\ ...... " ...... , .. .. ~=*=~~ .L_""' ...... {.... .60.6 J2KW r_./- -:- -.., ...... ')' .:, $ .H·,:f·!/i ., . -- _- ~ ...... _,' .' ; \. l \~ --- ;; ...... ';_.i' ... : : ...... r . ...'; ) - - - - ., .... , .... t· ...... >. \., .~ f.~~~~~1t9~t::{::I}· .. ·:~tl. '.. ,~:'.·p)~r( ') .--1. 1\;." ...... ::: . , , fW':-_",,::::If--_ __-). , , .'. .. :.'.\. . .' 't "'V .. '~ . (\

...... "'1\.. .----_-.~----- \., J~ '\; . ;"..-:"..:....:..;""...;-:-._. 3~ ,~. :~\ s - .... \- - -l ------.,... . A' . t-_ -_, \ .... ' .•1. ,- ~ '"'\ -- 1) --- 1l ------~ >~ - -i~_ .' .' ...... '. ?:";-:~_~l~::::· .. ;-:«~ .. :;·~···~ ... :- t -f '. ' ,.:A ~'." ~,,'". :\ " ~A'.": .:.~ ~~ ~~~.?~.,.:. :-:. :.:-:. :>1~" - .i-\') -:-'. 01) ," .. , • • _ .~'. • • • • l' ...... 1• •') ::::: ... ~ -', - ~. LC ...... , . .:J ..:::;.<: ...... -, .... ,... ,...... :: .. :.. / :\:. I ·.. ·1- \":;- -- -(-- ,," '. I -\- -',.~ .....,' . \ ... 'J' . . ./ ~""--::- - - - ~

."'" v ·'.)-\.:~7\:.·:.~~~<·~i;·\]~ ;~··tt:I···l- _ ~ .~." .. ill] m ~\ AD! . • / . - -.' . F:' -r "7 -~ .. .. . ,. - ~ ~ .., ._ - i.~ -t 7'/-; ::: "... "", IPS Ii .' .1~~~illH~l~~~~~ ~. . -,,'

PERCENTAGE OF AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS' g ABOVE 14·00

[llill] 10,01-14,00 ~ -4' '\ ITO 6·01 -10·00

p-=j 2·01 -6'00-+STATE AVERAGE L=.J 5,74 o BELOW 2'01

I I I I 16"EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Area)

~~~~:s'~~.llllllllllIlllli~·llljl !iJ_II.~' !i~======-rr o 5 15 ~I 42 44-6

-- '-'~---- MAPBO

a 76 a o 77 19

NON-AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN PRIMARY SECTOR

D 1971 ~ Boundaries Inlcrnalional_._._, .. Stale .... __ •__ D"trict _ . __ _ a WILES 10 0 10 20 33 \) i t.t :=~==;::=...... ~ o ...... H /' ,0 o ,0 32 K" 33 l~4 lSI \. s " -." .~ - \ .- ~ - -·...... r·.;- - -. ------\. ------~ '9

~ ------~~-----( .-.~ r~ ------_:------~\.J'~-- -.) ./". '. ------8.80'1 159_ - - . - - -I 1 ( '

. III 2005 .. 673°'0 .. Z 22079'0

70·481, l> KINNAUR

LIVESTOCK AND HUNTING

FISHING

FORESTRY

MINING AND QUARRYING me ABOVE 6<)0 OTHERS INCLUDING (a) PLANTATIONS 401-6<)0 ORCHARD AND ALLIED [illffi ACTIVITIES (b)AGRICUL1URAL PRODUCTION 301-40O-+:STATE AVERAGE (c)AGRICULTURAL SERVICES [ill 3-60 M-MAHASU ,~ Ii aao~!OI I ~

1 E.A.Sl Of GREE:N1'JICH 77" 78'"

o IO()'() c:snucrs' . -_._----

10 MAP 81

o o 77 79

WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING PROCESSING SERVICING AND REPAIRS

D 1971 ~ ._ ...... _..... BoundariesInternational _._._ ~ / .....•• \ Statl ____ _ r: ...... -t District _._._ • _,.,," ••••••..••\ Tah.iI/Sub-~~~lilo ·" ·····0 ... .. 10 20 3 ..) ."...... : : . • • . . • . . . . . \ 'f .. • ./. • • • OJ • • • • • • • • • • • o 7'...... H., 16 o ,6 Uliit 3 (.~.,..,. ••••• ...•.: •••••••• , , •• ' "\ of .. "- • ...... :, ...... ) ...... /..;__ -\ ' ~ \ ...... i : .....• , ... / . ...•• 'r''''',,_ ... ",' -- \ . )...... "~ ...... ,.-r-.. . . . , ...... "..:.... _ _...... ; ...... , . , ...... ;:. - '" \ ... '. .. '\;' : .....! ...... ,' .. , .... \- ---".,-; FJ' .t .::;;; ....;:,...... \- -- -- "' __. ,.," . : - ::;:...... ;',- -- -- 1J.e" -- - j ~, , - .... :::.. . •..••• , .•.•.• 'j --- .' - ~·1· · (' . --- ...... " ------{/1 .--=---- .··.'.'.'·:««·:·t=------~ '~. ) --- ...... >.... ------7 V '. . ..•...... ~; ------__-- -~- --~ . . /------"' ('\ ------__.- __ ------~ 3 ------,

AD! S H

PERCENTAGE OF INDUSTRIAL WORKERS TO TOTAL WORKERS lIm ABOVE 100 [ill]] 5-01-7-00 3-01-S.00.... STATE AVERAGE ffiJ 4·17 1'01-3'00 EJ TAKSILS WITK PERCENTAGE OF FACTORY WORKERS AS flYE PEItCENT AND MORE BELOW 1·01 o, . ARE SHOWN IIY RED COLOUll

EAST OF GREENWICH 7

PERCENTAGE (Arlo) o 8-8 25-6 6~ . 80·9 IOO'() ie~~+~~S'L_IIIIIIIIIIIII~ 1111111111111 t=-=-=-f:::::,:::J o 6 13 UNI:rS 32 d 53 PERCENTAGE ::;Ei:=,::~:~~'~ 1111111111111111'lillllllllllllllllli[i'IIIIIIIIIIIIIIII l~~O o 11·4 25'5 47·6 52'7~53 ' 4 IN'OOO

85 MAP82

o o 76 79

HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIES BY TYPES AND SIZE OF EMPLOYMENT 1971 5 D o 446 Boundaries o Intttrnalional ~'_tc:IO ~4 I Slota __ •__ • __ District _ ._._ o MilES 10 o 10 ao 33 ,b o 40...

'".." ~2 o ill

3 TYPE S Of ~OUSIiHOlD INDUSTRY o 31 I ~ AGRQ-BASED INDUSTRY

II _ fOREST-BASED IMDUSlR'l

III~ LIVESTOC~ AND fiSH IIASED INDUSTRY IS.. TEXTILE INDUSTRY IV GTIJ •" 9~ MINERAL-BASED INDUSTRV II'" 6~.. ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

VII t= -=-~ CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

VIII ~ MISCELLANEOUS SCALE FOR HIMACHAL PRADESH AND ~ INOUSTRIES KANGRA DISTRICT HAS BEEN REDUCED twL.MAHA5U BY TEll AIID TWO "TIMES IIESPECTIVELV. s.._.SIMLA

7 EASt, OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE o 3 9 1'2 15 18 2.1 24 27 o I 4751 .J o II 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 11111 I! 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111118205 :t 11.1> III f/ZZZZZZ07Ollll3 126 ~a: 01- Ivl'l'lll'lllll'l'l'l'lll'l'l'l'lll'lll'l'l'l'l'llillIIII I I1III I I I III I IIIII I I I I I I '1111111,1 8773 :t~ V~5005 ILO O~ VI[[]231 CI) VII~122 UJ Q. > VIII !'X'XXXXXXXXXXX)()()() 2 986 I- o 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WORKERS IN '000

86 MAP.83

o o 76 79

FACTORIES BY TYPES AND SIZE OF EMPLOYMENT 403

D 1971 Boundaries 0 Inlcrnatianal ____ P , Statt _._._ !! District _._._ 0 III 33 "~I IX 0 ~

o Li~~L-LU~~~ IV VIII' I V II III VI 16 \ CHAMBA 2 ::

III 15 / 21 a: ( "I'" 20 g li: /". .'"\ 196 \ I \. I "\.. \ \ ".j (\

.1 :: iii 0 0 a: ~3 \ a: 0 li: ',' 2 0 20 ,0 I ~ i III IX \ "'~I 0 J:

3 ,. TYPES OF FACTORV INDUSTRIES ~ o I~ AGAO-BASED INDUSTRIES

FOREST-BASED INDUSTRY Ilg

LIVESTOCK AND FlSH- III~ BASED INDUSTRy

TEXTILE INDUSTRY Ivm

MINERAL- BASED INDUSTRV V~ 2

ENGINEERING iNDUSTRY VIII...

CHENICAL . INDUSTRY VII t~---j -- SCALE FOR HI",.eHU PRADUH AND KANGAA DISTRICT HAS IUN hllSCELLANEOUS INDUSTRIES REDUCED IY TEN AND TWO VIII~ TillES AESPECTIV£l.Y M.. .MAHASU S. ... SIMLA

76 EAST OF GREENWICH 78°

PERCENTAGE

TYPES OF INDUSTRIESO~~~~~~~5@~~~i~10~i~i~~'5~~g~~g20~~~I 4373 II 11111111'( 111111111111111111111111111111111111111) 11111111112 922 111P77777VZ7Z/i1133 IV II (I) III) 1III1I1 ! t I1I1I1I1 ! Lit! I! tI q.I" II! HII t I " II II II III 11111 I! ti3902 V~3064 VI rrrrrn 326 VII C-:-:-:-___-_-_-_-_ -:11079 VIII lXXx>

87 MAP 84

o o 76 79

FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS BY SIZE OF EMPLOYMENT 1971

\ \ D ~ oJ' ..... Boundaries Int'rnational_._._ StoTe _._._ .• 00 1659 ."..,.("/ 97 ._...... \\ ... District _._._ o MILES 10 0 10 33 20 V 96 \ 'i t4 0 • 650 /...... H ""., 16 0 I. UIM 3 ( 7'...... 95 .,"'/' , . ) ...... ,;' \ \ :r L" :::~ L/ :;:.,.. ; I 4 I 110 \ 270 • 0 I .. I 0 94 'l' \ " CHAMBA ...... ;~q ~ /...... 90 ') / I . , . • ,." . '. 94 (2800 ' • .i ._.,I 31 " 2700 " • 2 ~.

980_.

970 v 98

/' 1 8900 3 0 /3 95 31 8800 9.

93~ ii 0'".... o 4'" 0 ....."X "-"," 3 00 " t ~ 0 2"z z.. OJ U II: I'" SCALE FOR HIMACHAL PRADESH AND .. KANGRA DISTRICT HAS BEEN REDUCED BY TEN AND FIVE TIMES RESPECTIVELY .. 0 ! M..... MAHASU PERSONS HIMACHAL PRADESH

7ti EAST OF GREENWICH 780 19°

15 0 TOTAL STATE 1&1 >- 12 0 .J a. 10 9 LII0 11)0 IX' 0 LII! It- IX 3 0 3: .. 0 ~--~--~--~--~~ .. 0- .. .. +O! T ! on ~ 8~ gN In _0- SIZE OF FACTORIES AND WORKSHOPS

88 MAP 85

FOOD PROCESSING" BEVERAGES AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES 1971

D ~ ..... / ...... '_'-. ~\r( \. of' o .:\ , 33 ...... " , \ \) / • of H M ._ • (o ...... S /' • ( ' • .,1' ,. • 3

• 0 "'"\ J./ \.) l \ I ...... /. \. ". ~ t" l ,_,,1! ,..." J /.1 . / ". r" (.. ~ I../~ ., ) ·v

c. " . ( INDUSTRIE§ 1- .~. FOOD PROCESSING / @ TEA PROCESsiNG o FLOUR MILLS ~ 31 BAKERY AND o CONFECTIONARY ®DAIRY PRODUCTS ®FRUIT PRESERVATION BEVERAGES Rivers ®WINE INDUSTRIES

TEXTILES NUMBER OF WORKERS ~ TEXTILE GARMENTS 500 o SILK FILATURE & WOOLEN INDUSTRIES 200 @ UMBRELLA INDUSTRIES FIGURES INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE "H--l-f.- SO CIRCLES I~DICATE NUMSER Of "-""+H'-I--- ~ ~ INDUSTRIES f FACTORIES

76° EAST OF GREENWICH ,'If

PERCENTAGE INDUSTRIES [illlJ FOOD PROCESSIN [I]SEVERAGES f...;--j TEXTilES WOR"~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII\~:~~ir o 18t 880 It33 WORKERS

89 MAP 86

WOOD-BASED INDUSTRIES 1971

o 33 o 33

)

\ \ "\.

" "( 1- ......

o 31

16 0 16 Boulldarin Inttrnational _._- Stott District Roods Rivus

NUMBER OF WORKERS @ SAW MILLS r!TI\ MANUFACTURING \W) OF FURNITURES SAW MILL CUM ~ MANUFACTURING ~ OF FURNITURES FIGURES INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE CIRCLES INDICATt NUMBER OF IN_DUSTRIE5 {FACTORIES

760 EAST OF GREENWICH 7

PERCENTAGE o roM WOOO-'ASEj INDUSTRIES II IIIIIIf UNITS dill40 49 50 o PERCENTAGE WORKERSI o lilllllill 11111111 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIillilllllllili 105 ~IIII 385 rr480 WORKERS

90 MAl' 87

o 76 o 79

METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC MINERAL BASED, ENGINEERING, SCIENTIFIC, RUBBER AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES 1971

a 33 . \) .,- o C''''' ,"" ' 33 \ ~ '> ~ \

METALLIC a &TRUCTURAL .... 9 IROIl AIID STEEL PRODUCTS NON-METALLIC .., t"). STRUCTURAL r.::.J CLAY PRODUCTS 31 POTTERY CHINA AND MILU I:=P =:::=?=::::;I?=::;~IO O HRTHUH WARE~ 16 0 16 ® nONE DRESSING AND CRUSHING Soundariu ENGINEERING International StOiC MANUFACTURING OF GUNS ® District If'l) MANUFACTURING OF Roads 'llJ DRY AND 'fin BATlERY RiY~rs ~ MANUfACTURING 0, AGRICULTURAL TOOLS. '\;$f/ IMPl~M£NTS AND SEWING MACHINES SCIENTIFIC @ OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL AND O SU~GICAL INSTRUt.lENTS .m MANU'ACYURi OF PARTS AND 'W1 ACCESSORIES OF WATCHES CHEMICAL A M£OICIN£ AND 'i& PHARMACEUTICAl. PRODUClS FIGURES INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE CIRCLES INDICATE NUMBER OF I7J:. PLASTIC PRODUCTS, SYNTHETIC ROSINS INDUSTRIE slF ACTORIES '((/) AND TERPENTIIIE FACTORY

76~ EAST 01=' GREENWICH 78"

PERCENTAGE

!mil METALLIC ,.DUSTOIESlllllllllllllllllm 11111111 ft=---J'':::::::: :::'T NON-METALLIC o 2 9 UNITS I 21 liID PERCENTAGE [J] ENGINEERING o 22'4 .45·6 70'1 74'6, • • • • • • .'?OO D SCIENTIFIC

0 000'''1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 t1:.:.:.:.:.: :: :·:1 0 "0,," o 570' 1160 1780 I 90 2540

91 MAP 88

Q 76

'TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIES 1971

o 33 ..... \i ,/ - 33• ( ''''' ./' \ ~ ') ~ \

. l-.) C' '" "

A "'...... ,.\.. 1: - I ~ " . ,...... ,~ ""' ...._: r S ~-

~. : z ) \ ( ~

\_-~ - ~ - ::)., .., .J 'J" '\'- .,• .." ~ A 0 £ S ;''''. I ~ ,~

(. IIM& Ip ? III 'af ~~ a: 16 0 I. SUM \, ,.J 8ounclori" \

f1T!\ R~i>AIRING WORKS~OPS OF MOTOR \JlJJ VEHICLES ~ND MOTORCYCLES ~TC_ Nl1MBER OF WORKERS

, ELECTRICAL REP~IR WORKSHOPS

REPAI.RING WORKSHOPS EARTHMOVING DRILL FIGURES INSIDE OR OUTSIDE THE HEAVY MACHINERY AND EOUIPMENTS USED BY CONSTRUCTION ETC, CIRCLES INDICATE NUMBER OF ® INDunRIES I FACT~RIE5

760 EAST OF GREENWICH 7

PERCENTAGE INOO'Tru~llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllimllllllllI rr o 21 28 T42 UNITS

'ORKERS~ 1I111111111111111111111111111111j[ilIW~1i1125 29 o . r T45 WORKERS IN'OO

92 MAP89

76° 79° I I I I

RURAL POPULATION IN ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES 1971

0 ~\.. ._ Boundaries /''''' ._._. Intunational _._._ ~ \ 5tale _._._ of' District _. -.- r ., Tahsilj5ub-TahSiL...... :""':.:.. WILES 10 0 10 20 V / ••• /, \ 'i t.4 :=*=~:::::; ~. - ~3 ("".",,. ••••• l.. , l.""'_', s H ./". ,6 0 " 32 KM ...... , • )_ .3...... /: \" 1 ,= ...... / j- -- ...... ~~- '; \ ) ...... ;. .------.' ...... \. ! ------i-" .... -9 /', l ~.: ... ::~~~~~.. ,.J .. ,:.. ;'>~ t-=-=-=-=-=-=-l l. .~._.~ J , (~ ' ___ i ... ';".-{. ------\ \.1 / .J"'f'" ( • '1\ ): ~;-=-f:-:-:-:':-:-':' c::-=-=-=- =-= --; {A." ,,; . ~...... ~ ''"'" - - - :. ,..,. (t ,'ri,·:-:-:·:-I r'(=_=_=~~\ L~ 0 V

/'... _ ..../.\, 'S. _ ~2• . ", .. ;

.;.1.;< ....:.; ...... (-=~=~=-\- _ .::.... ::.. ::::--! _ _~.: .·.:...... ·[Iill:··;.~: ...... ·u.~ ~(-1-·~·'l ,._ ...... , \...... __ ...... ;,···l~-(' .. ',- - !.;...• ~ - -.: .. ' . x.' ...... : : "''-, 1 .. 00 - ..,:' •• ;: ... -- -\: . - - ",. • • • • • .- ". '", % \'l:~:": .'.:' .. :.;: ~r:'; ..,-:~ ~ j .. '.. .:.:- ---- ~ ...... ' .::4 .. '. . \,...... :, '. .; ...... ' .. ' '. '1':- -- i··;:: .... r: ....::._ 1 (. c;. r.··· .J:...:- :7"+\,_- .~- -. .. .. ~

'1'c=== i :...... " D\lt]ll[W','ill' ./ .;.r' /', . . ''lJr =-.~~.~ ~ '.~,~ ," 4JJ. "'~~r" ~- - . .Q.. t f 1t'·IfP.o~" ... ,LJ· A ~" 'f ~-=-:: ....!.~{ L...... :.«:~~.' p ~ E S., lJ}. ~ ..... ,,-_; j l ~ J \/~ \ ).<~.'.'''.'( cr PERCENTAGE OF J'. ". .~ •...•. 7 of POPULATION LIVING IN .\., l" -.::.... ." \: ••.. r ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES ._II - - -':...... 'f ·h:;' ..... ••. ·' (' I- mIl ABOVE 56·00 ',:-~ - i ~':... "t I- rn1TT1 42-01-56.00 ~ 'f (:.~:r::.t':.:~.. "Il/J") :) llWlJ -9 .. "! II 28·01-42·00_STATE AVERAGE ).\""..:..~ U .' [[]J 34'29 " 11 • '"l;. L=JF"=1 14·01-29-00 "\

o BELOW 14·01 o NIL

J I I I 76°EA5T OF GREENWICH 78°

PERCENTAGEQmo)

93 MAP90

o o 76 79 I I I I

RURAL WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTION TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS 1971

Boundaries Intl!rnational _._._ ~ 0 Statl! _._._ ,.,... 'i"" •• '._ District _._._ ,.." 1-'1 -t Tahsil /Sub-Tahsil ...... ". NIL!S 10 0 10 20 \) .~.:J. \ ~*=~~ 1- _ .... H f""·/=- -- (" s I~ o 10 32 KIA ~ ')======_J~ ~ \-~"",~i"'"~:~.": ,;., .~. (I \_-_-_ -~ .. ":!;. ';', ... _ ,.. " \-:.~ __-:/.' .. : ...... ). ~ "'''''' _>., t ••• t /~ 1 ( . .f ...... '/ ).'" . \ ...... , I j '1'\.•••• 'J r r-.. "..," • • ('\

-.~

~ -~2· ~.. -- - . • 0 \ '. . \.. ' •..•..•..• """If " ,,' to .... I.~· ~.-- "~"",, ...... :;-< ',! .~.•M ... 'Z "i) '-. ' " ". . rL - -! . . . . . )- ...:.:...... , .. .. !IT\.. " ... W'\ . '...... - ~ .j.:. _.--- _l.:.,: .. ;.~ .•..: .. ~,/\.--\ '" J/ ~ . - ·.- ...... J.... ~.t ... J-...; '.. )' " .... ·kf~.1i- -1 . ····-::: .. ·· .. "·i·.( ... 1'" -', ...... i., T. ( i)., \},-- -~I'J)f .):;t--_ :~.: ~ ~-_- ~-.i...... 1,\ 1- ·...... Ir .~.1L1:-.7': ~\ . '. ;' --:-/ ..."...... :._ -- ~·~L. - .. , .... 1. *:... ~ .... J 1"--,· 1/ .:. '.. , .".=",:".,- -- ~ -- """,- --- ""'\8. v ',_ ~~\~ _; ':" ..... /~~i" _J~ _ ~~=~~~J-:>J'·A ~~_:-.....::~ __ ~'I - -.,_ '''. :'- -: - -: .. - -I' p ~ E S • ~ .., r' - _j,,~ :1-. I-' - '...... ,....;1 ..-- ,., \...... 1 3 ~ PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS ~ ',-- J .~. '. ~, . l ...·: '~.. ,~'~:' •• ;~";\-j a: _ 3,0 " ENGAGED IN CONSTRUCTION \:;1. .'.'. :.' .. ' ...... ~) < TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND "~ -:," .' .,. • • • • I COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES ''!'L..,'" l;" 'r.. ~.r' ... EEHm ABOVE 16·00 "... . \ '}-- i ... I:t:!:I:ttJ 1- .. /.. .. ·r. -:-: j

[[[]] '01-16-00 • ;1;,,;_ . ~i'l".· 'I]~~ ~ EtE 401- 8·00 .,'" ~. l~

2·01- 4:00+STATE AVERAGE ~... '\ []]J 3-99 GJ 1·01- 2·00

D BELOW 1·01

I I I 76Q EAST OF GREENWICH

1·7 PERC ENTAGE (Arto) o[ ,., "., .,., "'1 100.0 :~~~~LH~ILUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII r=-::-=-=-r:1 o 3 7 18 UNITS 34 48 53 PERCENTAGE

~'~iRS.illlllllilllllliIItw III ~TI 11111 III ]C~O o 7 19 30 42 47 "8 IN'Oee

94- MAP91

o o 76 79 I I I I

URBAN WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTION TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS 1971

o Soundcrie, International _._._ StaU _._._ District _. _._ Tahsil/Sub-Tahsil......

MILES 10 o 10 20

Ib o Ib

I I . I 1 76U EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCE NTAGE (j..rfo)

~~~"rlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli[r 1IIIIIIIII-=-I::f~O o 10 16 16 19 IN'OOO

95 MAP92

o o 76 79

DENSITY OF SURFACED ROADS 1971

D ~ .""'.~ Boundories ...... -.... Inl,rnotlonol_ ___ p. ..t ...... o ...... ('...... , .\. t Stote _. __ o , .; , WILES 10 . . o 10 20 33 ~ ."" ••••••••••••• \ .q M . ./. . . • ...... • ...... H.:\ o ,6 0, ,6 32 KM JJ ( ...... /...... ' '...... "\ s .~. . . . - ...... _";( ... \ " ~ool - - -- ...... ' ..,,,.r _~ •..•••.\ ') -- - -- ...... -.._:;....,.-,-...... -- - -- ••••••••••••••••••••• '" -9 ~.

----_ _ _ ,_ ···················-l•••••••••••••••••• .1("J • " ---- ..•....•.•••...•. \ .1..",,,.-:- .. 1 ~or '. - _- -- ...... '. ... ./..-' ( ------...... 'l' !- .

1000 ______, ...... / .. 1~ "" ) I'Id-rt1"~:~['."I, ...... : ...... -i 'v 1200 1

00 \~ V II .., III

:3 . KILOMETRES OF o SURFACED ROADS ~ 31 PE R 10 000 Km2 OF AREA

1200

1000

BOO

600 400 '\ 200

N,A DATA NOT AVAilABLE

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE o 25'2 70,3 100,0

ROADS """1/1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 o 1965 5487 7810 KI LOMETERS

g DOUBLE lANE [ill]] SINGLE lANE IT] ZllA PAR ISHAD ROADS MAP93

o o 76 79 I I I I

MOTOR VEHICLES REGISTERED 1971

o 8oundotiu Internation41 _ ___ _ State _._._ District _._._

• MIl.ES 10 0 to 20 1 ~ "I t.4 • ". H ",.... ,. 0 ,6 32 K M . I' S ,.I' • " . I'h!'-.r . '" 1\ . 1· ~.""./1 .r'~. . . ~~ t I ! ) \ LAHUL AND SPIT! l./ ~_ \ ... . 5'10 1.., ~ Y. ·v ''''')' .

KANGRA '~'. ~~:. -~,' _ '. 8'81, N 0KULU ,( A '" \. - - .. 1\ j~ ~ -.., ~ - -I ~ ~ 8 . (-----1 .. I" '63 k 1--,. ------f '" . .11 I,J::.. !.. ------J .. , MANDl If . 1[\_-_~ _ ------'''\ % { . - - - -KINNAUR - - - ~ -0 \ r II' 1:!7'21 -2,41 --- -. r-_-_- - - -___-_- ...:-_-_( ,. c. \. ~( . 'j' (J ~ 'i, j BILASPUR . "f, •...... I)! ~J~0.69 r,1 ~. ;,~..... MAHASU 18·99 p, A 0 E '_''''\-- -', SIMLA SIML • P S H '~,,,,,' 3H! ~ : -,,'

NUMBER OF MOTOR VEHICLES REGISTERED PER 10000 OF POPULATION 1971 _ ABOVE 27·00 rrrrrn II.OI-27·00_STATE AVERAGE LllUU 16,74 [IJ 3·01-11·00

U BELOW 3·01 M..... MAHASU

I I I 1 76° EAST OF GREENWICH

~ / PERCENTAGE(Areo)

O!sT"CT.ljllll1l1lllllll1llllli~llllll [1111111111 i~= - 2 6 9 J10 o / UNITS RERCENTAGE 998 100·0 o 39·4 76·6 m/ ~~H~;L~~To'lllllllllllllllllllllllIlllllllllllllllllll111111111111111111111 o 2230 4440 5780 5790

97 MAP94

o o 76 79 I I I I

WORKERS IN TRADE AND COMMERCE 1971

Boundaries International _oc:Jo_ Stotl ______District _. _._ Tahsil/Sub-Tahsil ......

WILES 10 0 10 20

1& 0 1& '2 Kill

I 1 1 77" 780

PERCENTAGE (Arc 0) ;~~~i~SI'.I[IIIIIIIIIIII!~illllllllllt-=-=-I\:::::JO o 5 13 UNITS 30 46 S3 PERCENTAGE oo ~:i~LRCElllllllllllllllllllllll~lijlllllllllllllllllj!f 111111111 I'll' o 10 18 28 ]r31 32 WORKERS IN'OOO

9S MAP9S o 79 I I I I

WORKERS IN SERVICES 1971

Boundories International .... c::o • ."" Stotc _._._ District _ ._._ Tohsil/Sub-Tahsil ......

lllLU 10 o· Ip tot I 1 H I 1& o 16 . ~ , . ~J '9 : ~ .

.' "'J'"

PE RC'ENrAGE OF WORKERS ENGAGED IN SERVICES. TO TOTAL WORKERS mIl A8.OVE 16·00 [llI[[J 11'01-16,00

1 I I I 76U EAST OF GREENWICli

I?EAC ENTAGE (J.rfo) :~~~;~51LS.~~~IIII~lilllllllll'llllllll rr---~lr~o O)tl 16 31 40 48 53 UNITS PERCENTAGE ~3 o 31-1 54-9 85-3 9304 100'0 WORKERS IN SERVICES -

o 42 74 IN'OOO

99 MAP 96 WORKER IN VARIOUS SERVICES 1971

,,' ". ,,' ,,' ,,' ,,' 1 I I B "

PUBLIC SERVICES EDUCATIONAL SCIENTIFIC SERVICES

BOII~'arlu 1~ltrnG'Uo"ClI ___ Slat. _._._ Dllttlcl ,I III MllU IO:==*O=='~O=:'0 16 n Kilt " " 0 "

" "

PERCENTAGE OF PERCENTAGE OF WORKERS ENGAGED WORKERS [NGAGED IN EDUCATIONAL IN PUBLIC SERVICES SCIENTIFIC SERVICES ff8 ABOyE 63,00 ff8 ABOVE 2tOO . [ill S2'OIo-UOO"'STATE ,WERAGE 2().0I-2&·Q(H&TATE AVERAGE USI ITO . 20'11 Q 41·010-52"00 Q 14,OI-aOOO o 8E.1.0W~\{l1 o IIELOW1.,Ql I I 1 ,., 76UST OF CiPlENWICH ". ,,' ,., , £loST OF GREEHWlCfi ". . ,,' ". ,,' ,,' ,,' ". .,.' 79 C I I I I D I T T 1

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES PERSONAL AND OTHER MISCELLANEOUS SERVICES

ptRCENTAGI OF 'OA~!RS PERCENTAGE 0' WORKERS ENGAGED IN WEDICAL AND IN PERSONAL AND OTHER HEALTH SlRVICES .. ISCELLANEOUS SERVICES Em ""'O'l! .-00 HE AlOVEBO 7-0H'OO rrn 4.S ..... JQ ...STUl AVERAGE [[I] UlJ 7010 R S.O,,",7.QO_SUn AVERAGE ~2-5H'SO L=J .'24 M.... MAHASIJ D'lLOW'.OI CJIELOWNI

I' I I 1 ,., I I 1 ,.. ". 1 WT Of GRUNWlC." ".

PERCENTAGE WORKERS IN 0 10 20 10 60 is ,EJlVJCES """Ie F------Jt::::!j ~~~W,~~" ""1"------).· ..... ·.. 1 b:d .. "US ~~~1. ","0 F----j,'j o FI.WAU.S ~i:~~~tl"Ht~~s F------d'i r-~-,--~~--r--r~~~ I~OSO 2<1100 '61S0 n,oo 11'25 WORKERS

100 SOCIO-CULTURAL ASPECTS.

·Caste and tribes

*Religion

'Literacy and education MAP 97 ~------~"o 76 79• I I I 1

SCHEDULED CASTES 1971

D Boundar i C5 ~ Interna.tional _._._ ._-._..... State _._._ ,.. .t...... District._ . _ ._ t' ...... \ of" Tahsil/Sub-Tahsil ...... • , ••••••••• ". alw 10 0 10 20 r \) l· ... .," , .'.'. '. '. ' ••••••. ' .' ..•• ~. «4 H t.t , L... .,.. 0 I. '21M (~~ "'j' ...... : : : ~. : :)...... s ./~".'. \ ' l :' ...... I.' .... :...... ,..,.( ..:_ ... ~\ ') :" ...... ; ... '...... 1: ...... •,'./. . . .'""", '9 I• ....:...... , ...... :, ..... '.1 •J('. J ) ,. .' "...' .. ::...... ;~"'''"'''''i •• '. ) •••••.•••••••• i~ •••• 'l, .~.<"., ,.li F·· .. ·,' -- ~.!-..:....•.....•..•.•..•..•.•••. \ ,.- } r' \ • ~-=.:;_~=- =-1-=-~~h:-: -:-:-:.:.: .:.:.:-:-:-:- y.:.:.:-:. :-:'.': -:-:':fA ( \ - -:.: ... _ _;,. --- _,/'., ...... i ...... •.. 7 L. ,/ " A;' / I" j,...... (...... ~ ) ~- ~l-- r \.r -- -I' If i"" ..... ;'" ...... ·V ",. - \,,_-L - ... \...--- _...... ;...... '. r'- -- ·V - '. -.-- i ~ ...... ~ ...... L. J=-=-= - =~~-= -=~? r' ..• -:..... ",.l' ~ \. ' •. />::::::.' .':::: ... ) ,('I .L. -- .""" ... ::1. '.- - _;" I' f'- •••••••••••••••• 1.... . J \. - .f.. - ....:;.. - _.: I> " . ,...... ':'\. hI-' ..: "':.' I' '. • • • • • • • • • • • • "".-..r \. .S 0 • ~ -- '. - "i t ...... /...... , - ~2 '\ -- -::-; ... _\ 1 N . 0 I ...... A...... :\ ..... " (J' ~ ~j=== ~}" 'II' .\ ,.. ,', r·: -:.: ·d-::-='<~(::~t- . . .:.j:. ...{. ". J . ..' .....~ .... "·:··C,{" -_- _-~ :

-0' \ :: .. 1'" i.. ... '" ~:.," I il~:' ...... :.\ ....<:..; ..:::;.: .•. \ Z ~~.C~"" .... li':": ...... ":: .. i J \ ...... :::(.• ,. c; ~- _:.:.r- ... r-- .. \. ..: .,.. . } \._ ... /\.'::.':;. '" /~-! <~ .;.. ~ 1!~ .' (11 ~:~;r1l:Uli}<

of i ~. - :': .' ...,. . ,.' P R A D £ S, If ·Ul~

.' "'j. .' ~: -i1l'

PERCENTAGE OF SCHEDULED I- CASTES TO THE TOTAL . . . r l- POPULATION i- '. '''', b mm ABOVE 36·00 of \ ..... '~':• ;) -9.\.' .> )...... ~ .IIIIII] 27'01-36'00 ... ''', .• r. l' ...... \ 18'01-27·00.... STATE AVERAGE []]J 22-24 ~ 9'01-18'00 D BELOW 9·01

I I I I 1 76V EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (Area) ;~~~~SlLSlr[[I[IIII1[llrlri III illll [I [[l~=-=-=-=-l\~r o 5 19 UNITS 39 4B 53 ~i:mLEDllllillillillm llI1fln jI [ III [k-=~rooo o 73 284 628 76 769 • • POPULATION IN'OOO ~------~------~

IO?; f MAP9S

o o 76 79 I I I T

SCHEDULED TRIBES 1971

o Boundaries Int~rnatlonal _._._ State _._ .... District .. Tahsll/Sub-Tahsil...... " IIIILU 10 o 10 ao s H It o 12 «III

.r) , ."...r . " ( ·V . . '" C\

• S -~2C1 I. A ,... , . - lSI .. , 1'1 04 , ., .. "r! z. ,.

'. " . ,,-.

E $ Ii ~

0 - 31

J I I I 16D EAST' OF GREENWICH

16.3 PERCENTAG E (Area) i~~;~~SlL~llllllllfliHIIJ~ JI:::::'[' T o " 7 10 13 UNITS30. 3.7 53 PERCENTAGE ~~~LEDlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll(lillllllliii 1IIIIIII'rt =roo o 66 84 123'5 141'"""'141.6 POPULATION IN'OOO

103 MAPt9

o .,.0 79 I I , .,

TEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR SCHEDULED CASTES 1971

Boundarl .. International ___ State _._._ Dlltrlct _o_o_ TabsIVSub-Talltll ...... ,. MUS 10, 0, 2a Ie - 0 16 o It UIII

• lOLl OR 10111 • . CHAMA~, JATIA CHAMAR.IIOCHI. RAil bASI. RAYIDAI! OR RAIlDASlA, RIHGAA, AAIGAR • UIIP.PANTII\JULAHA OR KEER o 00011 OR ·OOOM".., OU"'N~. r,lAHA'H~ , JUL"H' , LOHAR • "LIIIII, CHURA OR ,BHANG I I 'IPI • HALl a ADooOHARll1

lACH SYMBOL REPRESENTS' 000 PElllONS

I I , , , 76'"EAST OF GREENWICH 7,0

IN'OOO 9 I~ 3p 4,5 6p 7p _ 2~O 215 ~ vZ111 IIIIIZZZZZZZIIZZZZ717W7Z00IAKOL~~R6I~RI 13rz/lm7l7llllll7lllllZZZl/1'U.LZ..LJCHAMARIJATIAQ~~~R,MOCHI;ETC I- V(WOOZOOZZ7VZZJ KA8IRPANTH~6~~MHA OR lEER ~ rOIZZVZZZZZADOOM OR DOOMNA: nllt.1NA, MAHASHA Q IZZZZlJULAHE (39022) uJ • (12 987) 5 rzzzvZZZZZZ77Jl?~~R aVZZ7IlBALMIKI, CHURA O~ B~ANGI :t I7"'771SIPI (I" 075) ~ 1..£.LJ("45~ HALI IZZJ() 761) I I7"'7'7JIAD-DHAAMI I..LLLJ (l0341)

104 MAP 100 o 79 1 I I I

MAJOR SCHEDULED TRIBES 1971

_ D BOllndarln ~ ..... Intunatlonal ,/...... ~. Stat. _._0_._._ _ " . \ District _. _._ r .. , " of" Tahsll/Sub-Tahsll ...... , MillS 10 0' ."""',... . t , Ie 20 ~ ." 't...." \ -4 M I ' .,.1 (, & i"... H ,.., o I. U kid C ."" a!· . , .. "," " . ~ , '..._, ~."I \" ~ .. (" • "" I •...... r- ", \ ') 9 \. '. • ~9 .., r-' .J '._''l "9 ,. .r··,~" i.... iii \ l' J J ~ \ ' .... ." '" ...... i'1" .• ~, I,j • • (, _.' ~ ti·e\aleAc ..... j "i...... (' • ".J'''' (A') ~.r (0. 'e ,aA" I :"'_'. 1ft'..... \':,1 .,- , '. eaae\.~ a a .~/a . a ~ ._., , • ~ ,e a :--.....~: a"aaaaea /'\ lSI! • L. '" ,~: .~ fa aaa e / ---'100'"", , { 7" )~. l. a af ',.( a'a ail "', "-._,' ·v ( .",.. '"'~. " a a ; ! '\ .".'.'.\' · • ;'J ;-.. . \ \ L..) J <.) ! ...... J' I ',,,"",\./ 0

; ..l_., ,.... _...... \"...... ,.... I i " ...... '. "~. · 3 ~, ',! \ ..../\ ... _, . .... , '\ :. ": '. \ ,,~ (_':...... '-._ s .~ " ':./00.\ I ). A N ~ 0 Ii "'.__ ' 0;1 ., ~.4I '. . \ \. .-._, ... ·i I ' (...... , ..... )······· .. ·r .. ·,···,·"... ,., .., .J-.'V ...... '\ ...... _, ...... ,.? r~ 1, ~(1)/-'". ;- .... \: ...... j . '.-, ,. \ .... ~ : \ ' ,...... -.,.. "'. 0-\.... ···· II \ . . " A" , ....' ,(:) " ...... :\ \ ~ ...... '. ,..' ", i ....~ (:) .. .0 " ( :·""E. :...... ) i.,. :/:' 11 .) " '?:""'''\ e ~,,, ...... :,.,_ :It .... -, .... . '. (. '\...... " .' \ \ a " '. <:> , \ o.J ""'" \. .,__ ,," '.... _ ...... '\..... ,,1. i a e 0 .., 0\ a • ~. \. r"! A \. ... ~...... J\ (, J \ (/jE)00 ?:1:'::i~ ( ,. ~ \ .... (.,) A \ ( """./ \ ~ / \ f \:.... :.).., • ( f.\~\, ::;'.. ~A-\"'\.,.... ::> ;_j_..J ...... ,-.-.~ g'g\. I.. • • • _. j l. \ I'- i •.•.•• • ~ ...... 1 .', ~ ...... r ."\...... t·,. A '. • I.;' /...... \"._.\ g (i) ., ...... '-ooV .....l,-v ..... _., .r ~'...... / ...... ';"'l./...... 1... :,0'" _. ~ v t·,...... : (. ~ •., , . . ' ..... : ,._. .- ._ .... " \ ;-..... ) '·· .. i: '\ ...... '."• ." A D .• _.... " • ') ,'00, ../ " J"..... ,. p". ... ' . ., ..... I; .... \ .. :, ... J.I \. ~ .... .:.... ,"; .. ,...... "I.... -...... ( ... •.... { I '0, •1- J . i, ...... " f "\..j. / C~) ..~/... r ~ IE - - ~i' .... ~ ,.""'/ \...,...... \ . r1 ~ Y.. \:' ~,.J"''\( ~ e GADDI ..... ~1 { • , ' ~ . e KANAURA OR KIHNARA oS- r'-/ ~, l, .. 6 GUJJAR ., ( 4~:.,...... /"""''\v( ;:) • JAo, LAMBA, KHAMPA, "9 '\,,; A [ , .) BHOT OR I'ODH J. '".. , ..,.." A PANGWALA 04 Ii ;""\

II SW"NGLA

.• LAHAULA

EACH SYMBOL REPRESENTS 1000 PERSONS

J I I I ""EAST OF GREENWICH

IW'OOO 9 , ~ ¥ ¥ ~ ~ ~ezzzzzz7ZZZZZ77Z77l7ZZ77Zzzzzn8~~~ ~ rzzmmmozozOZZ,KANAU~~5 ~~) K1NNARA ~ Vl07Z7077ZJ~~l;,1R ' ffi rz/07/ZZZZJJAD,LAM~AtKHAM6tl~:rOT OR aODH ~ V7IZZI PANGWALA o (9291) UJ VA l: LLJ SWAN~LA(2,67 Of7lLAHA LA \I) It:...D e.... 4

105 MAP 101

o 79•

MAJOR RELIGIONS 1971

o Boundaries Internationol_._._State _._o_ District _._._ IfILlS 10 o 10 20 3 16 o .,

CHAMBA

1327211

LAHUL AND SPITI

(\ A 3

1200000

I- D HINDU I- 500000 MUSLIM

300000 ctlRISTIAN .~',/'. ". \ JAIN FIGURES AT THE TOP OF EACH SQUARE 100000 REPRESENT THE TOTAL POPULATION EACH SMALL SQUARE REPRESENTS BUDDII1ST I $0000 I,()O Of. OF THE POPULATION RELIGIONS COMPOSITION IN T!iE L"ST SQUARE SIKH IS MAGNIFIED FIVE TIMES AND SHOWN SEPARATELY M..• MAHASU S... SIMLA

EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE. n 2 95 96 97 T~~~~~~~~;;~;;~~!-~!~;;~;;~~I;;~~ ____ -41 HINDU tZZZl/7IZ/1Z010 lIN IVWZVlIJ MUSLIM lZZVOZZZZOZ/1 CHR1ST1A~ JAIN ~ BU DDHISTrTrz-rZ'7Z"7Z"7Z"""-'Z"_'Z""'Z"""ZTlJ SIKH vZZZZZZZZ ZZ/1 OTHERS I Or-----lr~-----3T~-----5'~----~7r-----3-3r~-O---3~3-18----3~j36 IN'OOO

106 MAPI02 o o 76• 71 '9 I I I T

LITERACY 1971

Soundorin lnlctnotionD'-,.... .". State ._._._ !lfltrid _._,_

ANGRA s '4"·04 'P -~;l N' 0 KULU I 'II . Al ' ~ _ 20·42 • • j '< 1it k: MANDl i ! \ ~z I 35·99 KINNAUR I 31·66" BIlASPUR ~ ; 11111\1 . ~ ~lt'44 . ill U ~ :l· .Lsu p ~ A ; • sJ "'~ ~ 1_. ~M.~1 ~1.~~3-47 ~ ·~\illl 3- ~ ... ~ ." r, a: -~r ~ ;l- ~)o{

PERCENTAGE OF LITERATES TO TOTAL POPULATION EXCLUJ)ING AGE GROUP 0-4 1971 tmi ABOVE 39·00 rmm 29.01-39,O()-l-STATE AVERAGE WJill 37-30 BELOW 29·01 ITlJ M..... MAHASU

t I I I

OJ I .,,,.,m rlllllllllll!iIilllllllllllllll~~[illfllrlil@ii~llli 11111111 rlr O' 2 UNITS 1 . 10

o PERCErltGE nrr 1000

~;~"<'lllllllllllllllllllllllllli IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII[IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII!!II~ 1I111 o ) sal 9:;1 1106 " . IN 000 "----______.J l~'I ._~---~~---=-==-~~:J 107 MAP 103

CHANGE IN LITERACY 1961-71

~ 0 Boundariu Internotional_._._ ,...,~oJ_ ."" .:-..- . State __ • __ • __ L_'-----\• -t District _, _ ,_ • ..L. _____- - - - ""'""\ _ 33 MILES 10 0 10 ao \) /------~ -f H. to 0 10 U 1M ("_.-t:_ - _ -- _ _ - _ --- _ _ -- - - '" , " ------. ~ 'l------

~ ,..S- ----=-=~~A~=-6"48 ---=-=~• . ------( (------'f ',------~ .------lAHUL AND SPITI 12·41 ') .J] 3 • S KANGRA 14,IS I N o I lULU II . 12-94 MANOI -0 ' 14'29 KINNAUR 14'30 . C 1-'

MAHASU .1 11·06

I I•

PERCENTAGE GAIN g ABOVE IS'OO

rmm 12'01-15.00-STATE AVERAGE UilllJ 12-43 ITIJ 9.OI-l2'~0

.~ BELOW 9,01 M.... MAHASU

76 EAST OF GREENWICH ".

~LI~EC:it:I~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111IIIIIIIUIIII (I-f" LITERATES IN'OOO "

108 MAP 104

o o o 76 77 79 I I I I

MALE LITERACY 1971

" ._D Boundories ,/,~-'-'~ Intcrnotionol_._._ State __ • __ • __ .. .-----,('- --- \. of" Di,trict _._._ .,,------. MILES 10 0 10 20 'I) /~. ______, <1 M H ,b 0 ,b JZ KM t!--\ .------...., $ l _!.... --- -....:. -- -, '\ --- - _ - - - ..., .

: 1======..... ---- ====~-~.-:--1 (.- -- -CH~MBA - _ . ,. \ ------. ...------_ '!- • ') '- ."t t· LAHUL AND SPITI l ~ l~ o • ~ 32f- ~ . 1- t' -~ 'l o I A i"... KANGRA -.. - 1ft.. -0 ~%> c,. . ': . 1-

v E of S Ii ,

3 f- 0 -" -3I

PERCENTAGE OF MALE LITERATES TO TOTAL MALES EXCLUDING AGE GROUP 0-4 mE ABOVE 54·00

[]]]]]] 4,.01-5400-+STATE AVERAGE o _ 50·32 HIMACHAL PRADESH []] 4(}01-47·00

EJ BELOW 4001 M.... .MAHASU I I I I 76U EAST OF GReENWICH 78°

PERCENTAGE (Area) 17-6 ./ 60.3 80·2 1000 DISTRlCTSIIIIIIIIIIIII~[11111111111111111111111111111111II1 TIll ~- j o ,/ 2 UNITS 6 8 10 , PERCENTAGE ~ 49·2 72·2 89·2 1000 ~~iRATF1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111[111111I1111111111111~u -1 o 375 551 681 763 'IN'OOO

109 MAP lOS

o o 76 77 o 7~ I I I I

CHANGE IN MALE LITERACY 1961-71

Boundaries Int~rnational_._._ Stat~ _._._ District ___ ,_

MILES 10 0 10 20 M H I~ 0 16 32 KM

CHAMSA 8-BO 'm ~ r~ . ../". {

LAHUL AND SPITI " ') Jf 16,94 .v ,j[ ("I o 32~ KANGRA 12·75 I N 0 I A II II KULU ..

16·84 • III - to.. MANDl , . 15'93 KINNAUR 19,03 ! I

-31•

PERCENTAGE GAIN IN MALE LITERACY II ABOVE 16'00

rmm 12,OH6,0Q-+STATE AVERAGE WlW 12,70 OJ] _8,01-12,00

~ BELOW 8-01 M.""MAHA5U

I I I 7&OEA5T OF GREENWICH 780 -

PERCENTAGE (Arqa) O DIST"CTSrllllllllllllllllllllll'llllllllli~illl[[[111111IIIIIIIIlfi III [111,[f o 3 UNITS 7 9 10 PERCENTAGE 00 l~:im~ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII[ 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlil'[ III Iii28 232 r0280294 IN'CCO

L-...,.______.-.----==-. 110 MAP 106

o o '76 79

FEMALE LITERACY 1971

~ . D Boundaries ._, ...... _..... Inlernolionol_._._ II- ./- -- -:. state _._._ r --- .-\ "" Di'lricl -'-'_ o .------...:., tAlLES 10 0 10 20 ....!\ loA 33 ,..-!!... ----- o \) ;------7 ..... of H., 16 0 16 U KM 33 f"./'------_- +- .:..., s /~_\ / .------_' - _:.~ ,.. • .",1- __ l \. - - - - _ - _ - _ __ .L __ ~. - - -- -\ L------!------" '9 ;1'. . -; ------. '-1 l i~-= - ~=CHAM~A-= --r =------= -=-=-=-~" j'-:~:-) ,.r.r'. l'------<': ------' -- -I 1 ( T .\------~ ~I_ ------"""iD. ',------n---- , ) -1------. ."'~_=L~HU~ A~D~I~-=-=-=-=-? ·v

~~~1f'-:------1\ ______------_-b~ 1 " , ~ I'. __ -' _____ -\._ o v-; ~"" ------~ 32 _ ~ \ ------~.-,.,..\ ~ ~ -----1---, o ~ I n----":-A - .;;::::::.~';;- ---1'" KANGRA II .- - ._\.------KULU ._ '~~:L~-= =-= -=-=1 -: -, • '% j '----.IL----~ ~ _ - "':'-_KINNAUR------. -_-_~-_-_~_-_-_{ l> I.{ -:-~,------~ .~ -

W..lb-~-=-=-=-v. '-...,.-,...... - - -\, t A D '_"'\- -\ MAHASU • 1p It £ S ,., ." ......

31- .11't r: ~~ 80 .. PERCENTAGE Of FEMALE I) ~ 60 LITERATES TO TOTAL z FEMALES EXCLUDING .. ~ 40 AGE GROUP 0-4 .. III ABOVE 27·00 20 [1]]]] 17·01-27·0O-STATE AVERAGE o 23·67 HIMACHAL PRADESH [[] 1201-17·00

BELOW 1201 Q M..... MAHASU

7 EAST OF .GREENWICH

I I PERCENTAGE (Area) 1 I,. 3~ ,. 1000 DISTRICTS IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ 11111 f -J O ' 2 5 7 10 UNITS PERCENTAGE I 60-, "" OS. 1000 ~~T~~~~ESJ 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 111111110 o 216 303 328 343 !N'OOO

Hli MAP 107

o o 76 79 1 r 1 T

CHANGE IN FEMALE LITERACY 1961-71

D ~ ._ Boundaries ,/-- ._..... Inltrnationol_._._ ~ ".-_-_-_-_\ t Stole _._.- r- '" Districl _ ._. _ _,! -' ---- 30 MILES 10 0 10 20 \) .t!"'------\ .q lot ~~~ 0 . .L ------(... H ,I .~. 10 0 10 32 KM -33 (~.".L ------) . t-. Sf" . ------. ",. \ ~ \ .. ------.J' ..... 11" '1\ . . }------,.r- . '9 j ~ t(-=-=-=C:~~A=-=-] fr ." .... ·11 I " ( - _ - _-_ - ~ 7~- _ - --iL J[ ~) ..r. • ~ :------'- 1 l ~( (. \------rJ , L.LJ.l..l.W.JI---t -~------LAHULl4N6D SPITI 7 'v ) I~ , ~~, ). C' o" KANGRA 32 f- 16'19 Ii It'-" '"fS N o • 11 . A( +I~. .. KULU ( , . .. - &·29 I,' .. ! I',' . . 1\ to ... I. :I 1.1 MANDl I~Z 12'13 KINNAUR lJ/' 7'51 ~ 'J>

BILAsPUR I[ 16·77 ~ "'. ~wA~,," ,., v: p Po A D ~ S 'I..~, J.D~

PERCENTAGE GAIN IN FEMALE L1TERACV III ABOVE 14·00

8·01-1 4·00-+ STATE AVERAGE [JIIJ] 12·52 M..... MAHASU OJ] 5·01- 8·00

j-_j BELOW 5'01

I I I I 76°EAST OF GREENWICH 780

. PERCENTAGE CArta) OiST"mIIIIIIIIIIIII@llllllllllllllllllli[[II~IIIIII-r-r--r-r;.::1IIif~ro PERCENTAGE o 58'6 91·9 97·1 [.100·0 ~:::1~: 'Nllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll~ 1IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIjlIJJ '" IN'OOO

112 MAPr08

o o 76 79

LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN

D AGE 15-34 IN RURAL AREAS 1971 ~ ..,., ...... _.~ Soundorin . Inltrnalional ..._ " /...... State _._._ f' ...... \. -t District _._._ o _., ...... ,. 33 .,. ."'" ...... •\ 1 " ;...... ' .... . H c:-:..../ ...... i •••• ~ r~ s (I ~ ": ...... '.:

~ r::: :::::: ::~~~~~~:::::::::Ji~·· i , I ...... , ,2, •••..• i· . , , , , ...... , . , . ) ~.I. \, ...... ( ~ \ ..... , .... , ..... , ..... " ...... LAHUL AND SPITI il " ' '/ ') .. .' . \ , ·V '. .~ '.':.:.:-:.1 . )~ II .. r .~ n 32 _m· ~ KANGR~I II ?__ ~ 41 J IIBm N o KULU I . . ~. - '-~--- --r: _ _19 ~----- ·• ...1ft 1------,- ---- ~ . ------. :z: MANDl - - - KINNAUR _ - _ -_\ S4 -_-_:-_-_9~ ____ •

· r.------( 1>' d .~ ~ILASPUR ------~ 1-' • H+n 144rrr

v T'". . .. ~~=====--v: .,,_, ...... - - . rS;~L~') .••• 1\ A D £ ."\- - \ , ... , SlML~ P S H .~.~. I •• ,~ • 7~ 3 ~ ', ... ) ~~. ,., . l \." • '1:~" ... "'Y.1 '1 1- i \ I- ., \ sJIR~lAulR • :::I -9 .\ • NUMBER OF LITERATES ;.~. J , ... 1.' ~~) EXCESS DEFICIENT AI • ( ~ 04 '\ mIl ABOVE 50 E:J ABOVE 15 ITllIIl 30-49 0 BELOW 1S

BELOW 30' DIJ M..... MAHASU

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

EXCESS KANGRAI' BILASPUR' /

LAHUL!M!t!• ..:~~~2ku KULU. • SIRMAUR' t KINNAUR SIMLA CHAMBA

113 MAP 109 o 79

LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 15-34 IN URBAN AREAS 1971 ~ D...... Boundoriu ./~-.- ...... International_._State _._._ ~ '- -- \ ( _____- " .f" District _._._ Q ,..._----_ .. NILES 10 o 10 20 33 \) ~. ______\ "I M . L ______- -/' H ./\ o 16 32 KM (~/..:. __ ------j', $ ./ \.- l ."\_------j ·..... ·...... r .."'· \ )------(_. -9 ~------1 ~ ~ A > f=-=-=s.'!:e =-=-Q \J'~.j J._,..r\. v {.;------i f.' L ~ \------LAHUL AND SPITI / 17 _" '"

KAN GR..;.;A+++Hi+t+t" 140

o 3 31

NUMBER OF LITERATES DEFICIENT EXCESS _ ABOVE 80 0 1-15 m~O-80 D ENTIRELY RURAL M.... MAHASU Q BELOW 40

76° EAST OF GREENWICH

SIMLA MAHASU MANDl fKULU CHAMB • 'SILASPUR '"'SIRMAUR 'KANGRA

114 MAP 110

o o 76 79 I I T I

PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF BOYS 1971

~ D .--'''' ...... Boundaries ~ ,/- - - _. International_o_o_ (-----\ t State _._._ District _._._ ..; .-----'""'. III~es 10 0 ,.....:-----_~ 10 20 v .~ ______~ M f".,.,:_ ------s H 16 0 16 32 KM '\--_::------_-_---_:-_. .. " l .}------_ ~------~A~B;_---~ l /------~- -- 42·3B --__ - . r_-_-_-_-_-_-_-_-( '!' \- -- __ -- - - r~ ---7t~r:------N. l.AHUL AND SPIT! 65·05 ) ...

.. ~ ('I 0 32 .... '~" ~ KANGRA - ~2° 78·19 I N 0 II A ~ - ~ULU ~ 6·36 R-" ... . ) , : z -0 MANDl ( , I). 70·90 KI"AU' I 52·30 ~• " ~ILASPUR 1- BO'27 ",. mm' H v ~nm., IIJ~ ! MAHASU 66·34 '.. 10· ...... '- 1\ ~ SIML. ~ P ~ A 0 E ~ . IML, S Ii' . 71· 31- .~ ( /' vet t .'~j~~ - 31 ~~

PERCENTAGE OF BOYS OF AGE GROUP 5-14 ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOLS TO TOTAL BOYS OF AGE 5-14 II ABOVE 72·00 mnn 62'01-72-00+STATE AVERAGE WWJ 69·73 [II] 52'01-()2'00

BELOW 52·01 EJ M.... MAHASU

I I J I 760~EAST OF GREENWICH

I PERCENTAGE( Ar,o) .STRlc~lllllllll!il[llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllm 11111111 ir O. 2 UNITS 6 9 10 / r PERC€NTAGE

:~\~ARY SCHOOt rllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll~1111111 !llllllllllllllli~ II'HOO o ,. 176 284 317 331 IN'OOO

115" MAP III

o o 76 79 I , I I

PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF GIRLS 1971

,_\ D ._, ...... _..... Boundarin ,.. /- - - -' International ...._. CD '- - - - 4, -t Stott _.-._ •(_____ ~ Oi\lrict _._._ -.. "'ll~S 10 0 10 20 ~ ~ -- - - - ""'\ t.l :=*==*==: V I------_'/,~

".. o Ii .0 "'\ 32~ ~~~~~. -~f ANGRA 50'57 I N o ,I. A .... ~r_ -1' KULU t J-----~- 23-85 . 1------'111 _:I ..:_.' _:!-'._-_-___- _-_~ : l1 It! - - _ - - - - -.... :J MANDl I~r--_-_-_-KiNNAUR - _-_"\ 33'54 -i } \- -=-=-=-~~~_=--=-( ,. ------' ""\------v:- -- . '':--~, -_ -- ~ I~• " A D £ -'""\ _ \ I,~ P S H '\.. ",'

PERCENTAGE OF GIRLS OF AGE GROUP S-!4I ATTENDING PRIMARY SCHOOLS TO TOTAL GIRLS OF AGE 5-14 'II ABOVE 50·00 mrm 30.01-50-00~STATE AVERAG~ WilJJ 39'16 []J] 20-01-30·00

Q BELOW ·20-01 M.... MAHASU I 1 1 0 76·EA5T OF GREENWICH 78

/ PERCENTAGE (Ana) 735 DIST"~IIIIIIII~~'IIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ 111111111111118 o 1 5 UNITS 6 T10 PERCENTAGE

~~:~:RY ~HOOL 11111111111111111111111111111111111111 r~llllllllllllllllllllllll~ 1i~r o 95 15~ 172 17B'4 IN'OOO

116 MA~ 112

o 79 I I I I

SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN PER 1000 OF CHILDREN I N AGE 5-14

~ D 1971 ~''''''''''''_'-,-, BO_IIdorfcs ~ <& --- -\ Inttrnational_._._ ---- "', t State _._._ (~ District _,_,_ ,..",-----, , Mll!S 10 0 ~ ,"" ------\ 10 20 I -- _' - - - -_ - .. . M H I~ 0 (~.,-: ------_ -; r, 8 I~ 32 KIA l '\------~ ~'n

~ I {=====~~~;~~====-~---- -289 -- _, (------{ ~ \--__ - -_------t ______LAHUL AND SPIT t 11111 476 111111

o 32 i- \ KANGRA 647 I N 10 I( I~ _.LLfJ~~~· _ _I'" -'j KULU Ll~ - - _ - _ - 404 ! ....------l : If .------...; z I MANDl 523 N ·------KlNNAUR""----- ') . I- - - - -349 -- -( I . ~

91LASPUR .... , ,m 636----U..L......

I ml~[4931 l~~~~~~~~~=~~ ~SIML:A ~lill· '1 'p ~ AD E '"'\__ \1 '1 1111,11 S Ii I). 31- m :s ~~;~ ~ t \p~' • ~J,[ljI f n; : J 1,[ 't~ .L).{ , NUMBER OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN OF AGE GROUP 5-14 PER 1000 OF POPULATION OF AGE 5-14 _ ABOVE 600 <\mli[.Jb: ~... '\ mrm 476-600-+-5TATE AVERAGE UillJJ 547 OJ] 351-475

EJ BELOW 3S1 M .... MAHA5U I I I J 7~EAST OF GREENWICH

~STRiCT~llrllillllllrllllll~1111ill1~jfilli~@lm III m 'T o 2 UNITS 6 8 10 ~~~,~1~OINGrlllllllllllllllllllllllijl~j~[liIIIII111I1111111111111111111111 ilil rN°O o ' ~2'8 4-4 4-9 SI IN'OO 000

117 . MAP 113

o o o 76 77 79 I I I I

EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF POPULATION AT HIGHER SECONDARY AND

~ D HIGHER LEVELS 1971 Boundaries . "r ... Intcrnaliona) __._

o -t ~~~:~ct =~=:= .• MILES 10 0 10 '20 3 31- r::::.. -1 S H .~~. ,6 0 ,6 32 KM - 33° } -, ....._,. ._,. ./- -\__. " J~-- - ..... r- -- ~ (_ ~------\ '9 ~ ----- __ -- _. ...t'j CHAMBA · ------l .oL -I II 14·90 r- - - _ ------J\ _.:::! -). r \ (------.J' -- ./. (' 'r-r - -. ------./ .1... ------L;:HU~ ;'D~P~,_-_-l.f_1 '\.. lmttlal~'Tlm· ----- 3·10- --- - "'. ) mmwIl :;------7 V ~ ------.

-~~-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--L:).-:---- __ --~ " n\t------~:-~~ s . . II r ------t -- . ." - ~2~ o I --- -A;::..... -:-;;...·' -- • ---r--~--1 KULU~ ------.~ ~- 9·97 -- L - - - - _ :t D .-~-::_¢~~~------_-\ : ~I - - - _ - - - -.~ z :'y--_- _ - _KltmAUR_-_-_ -_,

' .. ~-----\ lliI~"'=-=- =-=-V' MAHASU '':- ~ - - -\ . II R AD;' '-'-",\-_-.1 75 ~8 . s /oj \ ......

" II: _ 3r p) q

PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION AT THE LEVEL OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION TO TOTAL POPULATION IN AGE 15-24 mIl ABOVE 13·50

8·51-13·50+STATE AVERAGE [[ill] 12·57 [[[] .3'51- a'50 .

E:J BELOW 3'51 M..... MAHASU

I , I I

PERCENTAGE (Area )

mSTAIm11 111111 1Ililll IllIllllllllllllim I11111 i~ - T o uJhs 8 10

:rf~E~f.~:~~ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ji~[~~lliIJIIIII IIII I11111 II1111i[ 1[°

. 118 MAP 114

a o 76 79 I I I I

EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF MALES AT HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS 1971 ~ 0 • r'" Boundaries j). ~ • r- .~ "-. Intcrnational ___

/ J' of" 5~~::ict =~=~:: ,. '~~. ~ S H ,~~ U~ES :: : :~ :: KM . (~.;'/ .. r- ,..... __,,/- -\ " l '. _-_ -_ ~,C=_ -_ -_-~ . .~------\ -9 1------'- '1 l . CHAM8A -l_. -J' 7·01 !------.-~.~ r' ('------\.1 -- .... ./". . ~ r-----....:.------/~ ( ,.. " ---- ,- -- -' ---- -i' '. - .- -' -- L.AHUL AND SPITI- - - - '- . - - - - - 3,70------'-, "'. ') .-:--'------{ V ------k· ~------1 " ,. ------~ 32a _ . ------~ -_"..! 1- 0 KANGRA _32 ~9'23 I 1.- -- -A,;::._....,..,.,__:s - - , KU :- -- '\ ---- -I ~ LU (--1..... ----- 1-- 14·81 . -. ---- GO - ....,;.--:.L _ _ _ _ _ -1. '" .... ------.. '\) MANDl • ~------~, % 16'37 I --- -KJNNAUR --- • . ,. C. -_-_-_-_~IO-----( BILASPUR t: ... •• ~j~2'~3 v ==-== MAHASU -~j~'-----\ ...... ,. =~. • p S\ A D E -''T - \ ! SIMLA I~ of ·IMLI ~ "." S H \..;;. .30·50. 311- a "" ~~ ~ ;J; -31 01 ~ PERCENTAGE OF MALES AT THE LEVEL OF SECONDARY AND HIGHER EDUCATION TO TOTAL MALE S IN AGE 15-24 1m 24·0I·AND ABOVE rmm 12.01-24.00.... 5TATE AVERAGE lLWJJ 20·09 [JJ 6·01-12·00 EJ 6·00 AND BELOW M. .... MAHASU I I I I. 76:'EAST OF GREENWICH

/ PERCENTAGE (Arcat DlSTRlc:~111rlllllllli~lllllllllllllllllllliillllll r~ o 2 6 8 T10 UNITS PERCENTAGE

~~{~D~~~,J 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111i] 111111111 II I I I I I I I Illiiij moo< o ' IN'OOO 36 5S 58~'S

119 MAP 115

o o 76 79 I , I I

EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF FEMALES AT HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS 1971 ~ D ,_"~ • _ 80undariu ",~" • I", Inllrnational ",:"CD._ ' 1\ -t' S'atc _.-._ ( District _'_'- _. ". WILES 10 0 10 20 3~- ...- \ .. 14 ~ L..... H "., I~ 0 16 32 KM -" oS /- _\ ' ---~~~.!:.-:_!.. _---" , .ill ._ ------'", "9 ------. .,. CHAMBA ~------~ .~ ~ 2·86 _-._ ------_------'-'\ r-'--:--TA~ ,.r '. { ----~-=-=-=-~~~;~~:~~;~-= _-~~ . ----- 2-31- ---- _, "'v ------. _- _------I.e... ---:--·----~-l------" (\ 'f------""::.:._=:"";"',, ~ 0 KANGRA .I~------I -."\1 -~2 n I N KULU 4,68 .r-- -:'::-:7:"'-_-_ - _-_--, : \- - _ ------• % 'I ! ;------KINN'wR -----"\ i 1'1 \- --- ...1·03- --- • y --- __ --~"

BILASPUR • \ l3.31 .~ ~~1 '~-]-:-J~~=. .,.'~====~ - - ~. MAHASU • A D e '_'''\, - "' 3·62 p" ~ Ii " .... . ~. I h}Oc.ENiAGE OF FEMlILES AT ~: • • I- me LC\ -, Of SECONDARY SIR"'A~~ AND lilGI . R EDUCATION TO TOTAL FEMALES I(J AGE 15 '4 .\~ < ~j~ ~~' Will A"~!Jf 1·00 40l-7'0Q-t-STATE AVERAGE ~ '" '\ illJlI] 5·31 []]] 2051-4-00

GJ BELOW 2·51 M..... MAHASU

I I ' I I 70"EAST OF GREENWICH 78°

/ PERCENTAGE(.4r,a~

" . OI5T"'T·IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII@ 1IIIIIIIIl-======f 01 5 8 ' 10 UNITS PERCENTAGE !~~i~~:~:~IIIIIIIIIIIII~'11111111111111111111111111111111111111111 I1111111 iii I111 n°oo o 3 INIOOO 13 1S-9~

12.0 MAP 116 TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDENTS AT PRIMARY.SECONDARY UNIVERSITY LEVEL AND OF ALL GRADES PER 100 SCHOOLS IN RURAL AREAS 1971

TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDENTS AT TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDENTS AT PRIMARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION SECONDARY LEVEL OF EDUCATION 1971 1971 -_-......

NIJIII!lER OF lUCHERS NUMBER Of TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDtNTS AT PfR 1000 Of :iTUDlNTS THE PR'MARY UVEl AT SECONDARY UV!.L. OfIDUC"TIOH OF EWCArrOM 11m AIIOYE-nOO • AIOY[i3000 lIIIIIJ J5-0I-15oOO [Iffi] 'O·CH-no·DO

[[] nOI-U00+5TA.T~ .~ER"GE SO-Of- 'O-OO+5TAT£ AVEAAt! "·"4 [[] 59·01 Q BELOW3S«)1 EJ 8ELO. 50·01

TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDENTS AT TEACHERS OF ALL GRADES PER 100 SCHOOLS UNIVERSITY LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND OTHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 1971 IN RURAL AREAS 1971

n ....

HUYlER OF nACH£AS HUNeER OF TUCHERS PER 1000 OF STUDiNTS PtA 100 OF SCHOOLS AND OTHER AT UNI\lEASITY LEV~L nUCATIONAL INSTITUTtOH$ OF £Due"TiOH IN f!;URAL "'IlUS • ,4&0'111.72-00 a AIOVf.J"OO .. O·OI-72·OO+STAT£ AVERAGE ITIIIl1 29-0t-34'00 [J]]]]] 55'21 IIELOW 4()'OI []] 2JOt-l9·0Q.+5rATE AVERAGE [IIJ 25·71 IELOW 23,01 DIII!L E:J M_..MAHASU W.... U}.kASU

ji'(iiWf II j It==== -======T r!~t::s "111111~rllllllJ5 . IN'OO 126 1\112 ~~5:ti~;, 'T.11111111111~illilii~illlllllllllllllllllllllllllll[~J '[

121 MAP 117 o 76 ° 79 I I I I

TEACHERS PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS 1971

~ D Boundaries ",..", .. '!""I'r Inl~rnational _.c::>._ ,. ".- [, State _._._ ! I r, of' Districl _._._ MILES 10 0 33°r- _..' ... " 10 20 'I) "f 4 H I~ 0 I. n Kt.I ((1' .. , oS ~ ~')

LAHUL AND SPITI 'l" ... , 1--', ,~ t '_ 9 '47 ') /- \ I! - r" - -; ..... ~ - \ I ( ~') , j \ r - .... :--..,_I-'-_ fI- '_'\;" 1- 3~ .~ -: r", 1r\ So f- ., "KANGRA , """ -b2° . \- -4'63 I 1 N D- I ~.. I 'f ~ - -=__:_ ---{ \'1 --- . .. - ~\, ------, ~--_-_.:._':il_I, .. .. I \------~ ',.,.----~4· KINNAUR ~ \~-= -=~=-=-~10'\ _ ~~tgl f------"". '~'> I " ,_ - - -, -! \. I- -_ -- \'- - -:-,~ ),( \- -- ; .. . I p~AOES of A) ~, Sll~M SIML~7,12 0 -31 ~ , ~ :

NUMBER OF TEACHERS PER 1000 POPULATION IN RURAL AREAS g ABOVE 8'50 rmm 7'01-8'50_STATE AVERAGE WillJ 5·91 [[IJ 5·51-7'00

BELOW 5· 5 I . E:J M_ ... MAHA5U

J I J I 76° EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE 1000 .STRlmllllllllrlllllilillllllllllllllllilrlllllllllllb =j O I 4 8 10 UNITS PERCENTAGE 1000 ~~~;~E~iE~l!llllllIlllllllllmlllllllllllllit===-=-=-=-=-j 02 47 IN'OO 122 . 190

Il2 MAP 118 o o 76 79

LITERATES HOLDING NON-TECHNICAL AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR

D CERTIFICATES 1971 Boundaries Intrrnationol c:oo<:<;»_ State _._._ District _._._ o 33 WILES 10 0 10 20 :==*=~::::: s H o

60'49

LAHUL AND SPIT! "

,/ II: NO. OF LITERATES HOLDING NON-TECHNICAL AND q TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR CERTIFICATES 1971

NO. OF TECHNICAL AND NON TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR 1- I 2 000 CERTIFICATE HOLDERS PER 1500 10000 OF LITERATES 1971 em ABOVE 8b \:, WW mnn 56-96-0-STATE AVERAGE FIGURES INSI_DE qR AGAINST'" ~ .\ W1W 59 SECTORS INDICATE PERCENTAGE OF 100 LITERATES HOLDING NON-TECHNICAL [J]J 40-55 AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR CERTIFICATES

FIGURES AT TOP Of CIRCLES INDICATE E:J BELOW 40 TOTAL NUMBER OF .LITERATES HOLDING NON-TECHNICAL AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OR CERTIFICATE M..... MAHA~U

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

LITERATES HOLDING TE,e"HNICAL AND NON-TECHNICAL DIPLOMAS

I: :: :: I TECHNICAL

12.3 MAP 119

o 79

LITERATES HOLDING UNIVERSITY DEGREES/ DIPLOMAS OF THE GRADUATE

o LEVEL AND ABOVE 1971 Boundaries Intcrnational_.__ State __ • __ • __ Dill riel 33 WilES 10 0 10 20 :==*=~~ H o 16 32 KM

.. :-. 100.00 ... II1III ~ LAHUL AND SPITI ~ .f- ,#fill!- -- (- -- - i:--- (I i_-_-_-_:_ .... _., -- 32 ',-',- \. t- 0-

237 Z '.. :.;.; 100-00 "'11111 KINNAUR 1> I~ " p " A. D E S H ,

3 0 31

NUMBER

... 5000

NUMBER OF LITERATES P :l 3000 PER 10000 ) 2 000 '--I--I-+. I a a 0 A80VE 173 a 500 mnn 143-173-+STATE AVERAGE., \ lllllU 158 FIGURES INSIDE OR AGAINST SECTORS INDICATE PERCENTAGE OF LITERATES [[[] 112-142 HOLDING UNIVERSITY DEGREE AND DIPLOMA OF THE GRADUATE LEVEL AND ABOVE FIGURES AT THE TOP OF CIRCLES, INDICATE E:J BELOW 112 TOTAL NUMBER OF LITERATES HOLDING M... ..MAHASU UNIVERSITY DEGREES AND DIPLOWA OF GRADUATE lEVEL AND' ABOVE

7 EAST OF GREENWICH

LITERATES HOLDING UN IVERS lTV DEGREES,foIPLOMAS OF GRADUATE LEVEL AHD ABOVE

.URAl l:l=i:f:i::!!·!:i:!:i!:;f:;~l;:::!:·::::lr~fl:!lli:::!::1::~::::;j·::::::ll:~:::il.·:ri:r o ' 5S00 6396 M MALES F FEMALES u.. ~_oo o 7828 11118

IZ4 HOUSING MAP 120 o 76 79•

RURAL POPULATION LIVING IN VILLAGES 100 236389 4oCONTAINING 25 AND BELOW, 26-50, 51-100 80 AND ABOVE 100 HOUSES 1971 60 Boundariu '-...... ~. InternatState ional.=,._.__._._ District _._._

33 MILES 10 0 If 20 :='==*' =~-=::;' H ./.\" 16 o I~ IZ KM 2 \" \. '". -9 ./'. I l ._.'" .. r~ '\J'~ « (

20 7'" ,b, 'v ::.:.'.: _ 20 L,.) o ... 0 (\ LAHUL AND SPITI '", 3 ("'-'''''-'" s 30 A(_ . ...,·,.v ' {~_,

. j ("ld 75 \' D ! ·v·- : 10 • Z 45 "1. )

30 ( J> 15

v \(, ~ A D E _."'\ " P S If \ •• ,." 3 HIMACHAL PRADESH )0 o I

g 7 ... 0 :z 0 1- , ... .. '"0 15 "~ of \. z oJ ... " I) FIGURES AT THE TOP Of BAR DIAGRAM 10: INDICATE TOTAL AURAL POPULATION '1 Go

0 0 0 0 ~ .!. ... > 0z 0 c .. M, ... .MAHA5U .. c HOUSES 76 EAST OF GREENWICH 18° 70°

III TOTAL STATE. ~,o oct IL.J o:::! 7 U1> ~~ I- Z 5 w_20 ~ ~ 2S U1..J a.::> ~ Ol~--~--~--~--,Vl 0. o~ 0 0 1110111 ~g ~ ~ ~S!~ U1U1 '" 1110 1'1 OJ III oo(:t S12E. OF VIL ll\GES

12.6 MAP 121 o o o 79 76 77

RURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 1971

D Boundoriu Intcrnotional_._.- Stotc __ • __ ... District _._._ IIILlS 10 o 10 10 3 16 o :.

.I (- ~, , LAHUL AND SPITI

,. \ . I \. 953: -0 \ . \ \ . , KINNAUR11 (

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS 250000

HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN 100000 ill ONE ROOM

TWO ROOMS o THREE ROOMS MORE THAN THREE ROOMS

HOUSEHOLDS WITH UNSPECIFIED O NUMBER OF ROOMS ETC. M.. ... MAHASU

79· EAST OF GREENWICH

TOTAL STATE

o I 2 3 ;)3 UNSPECifiED R~AL HOUSEHOLDS OCCUPYING ROOMS NUMBER OF ROOMS

127 MAP 122

o o o 76 77 79

/ URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED 1971 o Boundaries Inllrnotional_._._ stott _._.- District _._._

o IiIILU 10 o 10 20 33 .6 o .t 12 Kill

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS (NOT TO SCALE) I' 000

HOUSEHOLDS LIVING IN 12 000 9 000 [J ONE ROOM

_ TWO ROOMS

[jJ THREE ROOMS

• MORE THAN THREE ROOMS

HOUSEHOLDS WlTt1 UNSPE.CIFIED O NUMBER OF ROOMS ETC. M..... MAHASU E.R_.ENTIRELV RURAL

76 EAST OF GREENWICH

o I 2 3 >3 UNSPECIFIED ROOMS URBAN HOUSEHOLDS OCCUPYING NUMBER OF ROOMS

12.8 MAP 123

o 0, 76 77• 79

CENSUS HOUSES ACCORDlNG TO THEIR USES 197[ , Boundaries Internationor-._._ 0 45 State _. __ - 0- District ____ _ 0- lfa..ES 10 o 10 20 33 o 1

240 ) ./ (~31 • 21 .I I

o o o Z

/ / Ii•

CENSUS HOUSES USED AS

1:::;:::;:1 ' RESIDENCE SHOP-CUIoI-IIESIDENCE ~ II WORKSHOI'-CU_ESlDENCE ~ INCLUDING HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRY

HOTELS, SolRf.lS, D~SHf.US, TOURIST HOMES, AlID INSPECTION HOUSES, ~ RESTAURANT; S'IIEATMEAT SHOPS AIIl) ~ III EATING PLACES, PLACES Of ENTERTAINMENTS AND COMMUNITY GATHERiNG, PAlICHAYATGHAR AND P~ACES Of WOIlStlIPS

ITTTIl SHOPS EXCLUDING EATING HOUSES UlW IV BUSINESS HOUSES AND OFFICES HIm V FACTORIES, WORKSHOPS AND WORX5HEDS IiVi;J CENSUS HOUSES VACANT AT ~ VI THE nUE OF KOUSELISTING MJAAHASU ~VIIOTKERS

7 EAST OF GREENVllCH

I / MAP 124

o o o 76 77 79 1 , , 1

URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN RENTED HOUSES 1971

D ~ '-i"', Boundaries ,.. 'I"- ' 1". Intnnationa_._._ " -t- StaUDistrict -----_---- UI!.ES 10 0 10 20 ~ /' . ) .q tot .:=*===!=~ )',...... s H "/''\ 16 0 " 32 UI (Jr~ , ...... / \" ~ , . ·'.r·~ \ ) l , ~ \ • CHAM8A ! 55003

LAHUL AND SPITI

(_ - - - -.)- - _.. . - -\ '.~J;=<• \~Jj "J.i~='=~ . 1\ _ J------. ~r. }l_-:,=-=---=-=--~=- =~ - ~t'-=T·f 321- '-r.: -- KANGRA- - -( . '" - -006.000- -- -l '\-. ---- 1- - N 1\ o .------./ t KULU ~------1 1 68·71 \_._ - - --\ \"------1 ·;~=~=~=f.~i~ ~~' r-~ BILASPUR r. i

-.----- ~ ,- -SIRMAUR - '\ . \ ~ PERCENTAGE OF i- t - 50-27 - -, HOUSEHOLDS LIVING "f \;-.-----...)j_____, IN RENTED HOUSES '9 '~.- -- --:> -, -- -;J" IllIIll ABOVE 75-00 ~ ... 'l..r-r.r /Ii.04 '\ . 55-0I-75-0CM-STATE AVERAGE [l]] 7097 ~ BELOW 55-01 o ENTIRELY RURAL M-MAHASU

I I I I 71 EAST OF GREENWICH -~~------=====------===------~~

PERCENTAGE ~.I!) mST"CT$rllllllli~71111111111111=====r T o 2 UNIT~ 8 10 PERCENTAGE f 47-6 00 1000 ~~~o~~s~ jlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllill ~-=- ~] o IN'oh~ 346 ~H

I~ HEALTH MAP 125

'II • 76 79•

MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS PER 10000 OF CENSUS HOUSES 1971

floundariu _ _ StateIlIurnotiDIIOI_a_oc:i ____ I District _._._ G illLES 10 0 Ie 20 33 U I I I H It 0 I~ J2 - 3° 8 ,

-f

LAHUL AND SPill 25·75

J _"" to.. z ItINNAUR 26-90

DES If

3 o I 1 1

,NUMBER II .ABOVE liP-OO I~ l4-0H'9-00 Wllli!l • \rTTl '9.:Ql-.!.4-0O-l-STATE AVERAGE LLU 10;-82 1F=j . M.....MAHASU jL=J 8EWW 9·0~

7 UST

PERCENTAGE (Arrq) t -: 33-4 531- 75-1 1000 ~:~~sasillmllllllllllllllllllllllllm~llIIlilllllllll~ j o 2 UNITS 4 8 10 I' ,.. ""CENT'" "., 1000 m~~~ONs]11111111111111111111111111111111It=-=-=-=--i o 63 249 . 675 935

W3l YAP 126

D Q 71 79

HOSPITAL BEDS PER 100 '000 OF POPULATION 1971

o BOllllllories \l loternQtioDol QI_._ ",-"" •• """..... S~at~ _._._ f!. ! O'$lt,IC\ _ ._._ '1' [\r, 4' Tabsd/Sufl-Talrsil.., __, ___ 33 ..... J.. r~ I3IUS II) 0 In =0 -.) • - to, '1 tt I. i • ,', ..F _ _;. Z. r"ol.. ~ H~. •• 0 i!I 1% • ., ':- ~ -- -~ I'. 12:-'""'\ .. ~ \:-_-_ - _-_"( ~ I"r. 1"-1 ~"... L- _\' . l- - -- -'". , .' - -~ '9 \._- - ,- - "\1--. ) - --- i ;'j' ) ~." "\ \ V ,- - -. .,-: 1 r'\ (, ci l--'{,:... r--_---\f---~. ( .y -i I r----- •

/'_ I- ) ~ ,- .... ~- ---~--1"- - I r--.i'-~I' (~-=---=-=-=---- '.v {_£_-_..:.._ -'" - ___-.j" \'. r-~ --_-_-_-_-_--j , j- -- -j ; ~'1' ,.,.' . lr- . :"_k:_-_-_-_-_-_-~4 C\ j- --- JU: V -' ------• .:.0--, -,~. : if' . ------~ o 3 '~:[-=-=~~" \!:..---l ~------f"~~,; \. - -- ~ ,_ -N-~' D I~ - _ -_:-_Ii - ;:'\-_-_-• • ~ _ - - -'t _. ~ -- ~ ... .\' : :"-;~~-i-::. -_ r', - -~t fl~ _.::.- -- ~.:.._:... . - - -i~ ~--.. .-. : ••••• LIl. • ••• l-:.--'~ __ .l ...... ---- .. , _.' '" ' •••• ~---., 2- -G ...... ;.." *"';: -- ~... -. - J - , • ;0-:s, •• ,-"""-0::- -' " .- ••••• r - -;_. ~ ~fI ..... "...... • -..~""":.-;;" ••'II" "- \' '" I ~ " ,'::.\':~J--'\ ~i~·:::-:;,.< :.\":,: . •.. ,- j).", ... \"., .. t ~I.:.:;:' . ~-:i r~:~:~;~'~ ..,-' ~ ., ,.••• "."~--{ \ - -:'W .' ...... rtf ...... }- : t. a .'<.:. n"~~~=_:s' • r

HUMs{R Of hOSPITAl SEOS PER 100000 $ -'\~c\: OF pOPULATION ~ w- ~J :I _ UOVE

140-01-2UO'OO J,. - - -.,,' [ill]]] Jl 1,1;""" OJ] 7().QH40-oo-+S1'A'TE AV'ERA~" "" '\ 132'e~ Q 35-01- 70-00 o IlfLOl'1 a5-01

f / PERC£NTAt;E~r.q) 0.. r .", ... IQOO ==1I111111111111111111! Il=-=-=-=-=-J::/:::j o 7' ~ lOOT!O 44 5l

O· ".-.. iC"I~OO ~ t --l. , :r1111111111!1111111111111111111~11111111111II111l1111] o IS. 3030., ',' ~OO MAP 127

o 19 I . I T 1

PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES PER 100 000 OF POPULATION 197r

o .8oundarit$ . Internation'al _._e_ . "StetI' .... _ .. _. Oi\tricl ._. t Ta~.5i1/Svb-Tah5il .,."' ......

H '16 a 16 nUl 1',

A ... . . -.. - •·rT't to ...

.... o £ S ..

NUMBER OF PRIMARY HEALTH CENTRES PE R 100000 OF POPUL.ATION mil ABOVE 4·50 illilll 3 ·51-4'50

[]]] 2'51-3'50

F=l 1'51-2.'50-+5TAT£ AVERAGE L=J .' 2· I! [J BELOW '·51

ONI!.

I I . I 1 76° EAST OF GREENWICH

PERCENTAGE (!.rra) rt~~ik;SlLS1111111Ir~II[lrlllllll it· l:::::::::/i T o 6 12. 24 UNITS 37 ,,4 53 PERCENTAGE o .. "., 48<> T WOO ~~~t~:lIlllllllllllllllllllt-=-=-=-=-=-=>:::::::J o 7 14' 35 60 73 ANALYSIS OF MAPS MAPl

POSITION OF HIMACHAL PRADESH IN INDIA (1971)

This map shows the geographical position of longitude in the north-western part of the country_ Himachal Pradesh in India. It is bounded on the north by Jammu and Kashmir State, on the south-east by Haryana and uttar Pradesh~ According to the Surveyor General of India, the on the west by Punjab and on the east it is bounded total area of Himachal Pradesh is. 55,673 Km2, which by Tibet. The state can be divided into three regions: is 1.70 percent of the total area of the country. Total viz. (i) outer Himalayan region, (ii) inner Himalayan population of the state, on the sunrise of 1st April, zone and (iii) Alpine pastures. The outer Himalayan 1971, stood at 3,460,434 of which 1,766,957 were males region is comparatively the most' populated area com and 1,693,477 were females. This was merely 0.63 prising of valleys and Shivalik hill ranges while inner percent of the India's population which is 547,949,809. Himalayan region is thinly populated area of rugged mountains and narrow ranges. The region of Alpine Himachal Pradesh is situated between 30 0 -30' pastures which remains snow covered for about half and 33°-15' north latitude and 75°-30' and 79 0 east of the year is very sparsely populated

MAP 2

ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS (1971)

This map shows the administrative divisions of the Simla, Sirmaur and Kinnaur, The largest district ill' state in 1971 as explained in the legend ,of the map, rerms of area is Lahul & Sipiti (120,015 Km2) while the 2 Himachal Pradesh was granted the status of a full smallest is Bilaspur (1,167 Km ). The average area 2 fledged State with effect from 25th, . J~n~ary, 19''71 ·of the dis'trict comes to 5;567.30 Km • The districts' prior to which date it was an' union terrifory. have further been divided into 53 tahsils/sub-tahsils, . Of tpese tahsilsI sub-tahsils, 13 are sub-tahsils under Himachal Pradesh is divided for administrative tlie charge of Naib-tahsildars, These sub-tahsils are ' purposes into 10 districts viz., Chamba, Kangra, Brahmaur, Amb, Barsar, Banjar, Ani, Nirmand, Seoni, Mandi, Kulu, Lahul & Spiti, Bilaspur, Mahasu, Kumharsain, Kotkhai, Simla, Rajgarh, ShHlai and' Hangrang.

MAP 3

CHANGES IN ADMINISTRATIVE BOUNDARIES (1961-71)

This map shows the changes in administrative Kulu tahsil of Kangra district was carved out and a boundaries in the state during 1961-71 as explained separate district by that name was also formed. So, in the legend of the map. far 1971 Census, Kulu and Kangra were treated as' two districts whereasl in 1961 only Kangra district Himachal Pradesh has undergone drastic changes covered this area. On reorganisation, 290 villages and, in its jurisdictional boundaries during the decade Una town of Una tahsil of Hoshiarpur district of 1961-71. The area of the state was enlarged on 1st Punjab were transferred to Himachal Pradesh. These November, 1966 on account of reorganisation of the were included in the district of Kangra. Two sub composite Punjab State under the Act of Parliament tahsils namely Amb and Barsar were\ created after called, "The Reorganisation of Punjab state Act, 1966", 1961 Census, Present Amb sub-tahsil consists of 179 Districts of Lahul & Spiti, Simla, Kangra, and Kulu villages of Una tahsil while Barsar sub-tahsil was were merged in Himachal Pradesh in 1966. As a result formed from Hamirpur tahsil by transferring 625 of this reorganisation the number of districts increas villages. ed to 10 in 1966 as against 6 in 1961. These four districts consisted of 17 tahsils and sub-tahsils. Thus, With the up gradation of Kulu tahsil into district the number of tahsils/sub-tahsils increased to 53 as after 1961 Census, three sub-tahsils viz. Banjar, Ani against 31 (including 3 sub-divisions of Kinnaur) in and Nirmand were carved out of the then Kul.u tahsil 1961. Besides this, three towns of Gurdaspur district of Kangra district thereby raising the number of of Punjab namely Dalhousie M.C, Dalhousie C.B., and tahsils/sub-tahsils to four in 1971 Census. Bakloh C.B. were transferred to Himachal Pradesh and included in Bhattiyat tahsil of Chamba district. In Mandi and Bilaspur, there had not been signi This resulted in the inc~e~se of area (55,673 Km 2) of ficant changes in the boundaries of these districts the state by slightly less than double as compared to but certain territories within the district at tahsil 2 the 1961 figures (28,192' Km ). level were effected. Twenty- three villages from Jogindar Na)!ar tahsil and one from Chichot tahsil Th~re have been considerable changes at tahsil were taken out and included in Mandi Sadar tahsil. level in Kangra, Kulu, Sirmaur, Simla, Kinnaur, Tn BiJaspur district, 137 villages were transferred from Mandi and Bilaspur districts. After 1961 Census, Bilaspur Sadar tahsil to Ghamarwin tahsil in 1967. 136 In Simla district, the present Simla sub-tahsil In Kinnaur distr1ict, there were three sub-divisions which was entirely urban in 1961 Census gained 231 in 1961 Census but these sub-divisions were reorganised villages from Kandaghat tahsil. Thus, all the villages by the State Government during the decade under comprising rural parts of Simla sub-tahsil are in fact review. Five tahsils and one sub-tahsil were formed those involved in this transfer. Apart from this, Nala out of these sub-divisions in 1961. In Poo sub-division, garh tahsil with its 688 villages and Nalagarh town, one sub-tahsil of Hangrang and two tahsils namely which was a part of the then Ambala district of Poo and Morang were carved out from this sub-divi Punjab was included in Simla district after its trans sion. Kalpa and Sangla tahsils were formed from fer to Himachal Pradesh in 1966. Kalpa 'sub-division. The sixth tahsil of Nachar was formed in the same sub-division by the addition of one Two new sub-tahsUs were formed in Sirmaur more village, which was transferred from Kalpa sub district in 1965. These are'Rajgarh which is compris division. There was no change in the boundaries of ed of 140 villages taken out from Pachhad tahsil and tahsHs/sl\b-tahsils in lvIahasu, Lahul & Spiti and Shillai which waS carved out of Rainka tahsil by Chamba districts during the decade 1961-71. taking away 65 villages.

MAP 4

NORMAL MONTHLY AND.ANNUAL RAINFALL

This map shows the variations in nonnai monthly from retreating monsoon during winter months is and annual rainfall in the state. The normal annual fairly good throughout the state. This rainfall from rainfall data in millimetres is plotted for all the westerly disturbances proves most beneficial to rabi meterological stations and joined by isohyetal lines crops. The highest normal annual rainfall (above at suitable interval. The spaces in between isohyetal 2,000 mm) is recorded in Dhaula Dhar ranges em lines are hatched differently as shown in the legend bracing parts of Kangra, Chamba and Mandi districts. of the map. The rainfall-graphs showing the monthly Another two segments viz. Nahan and Paonta of distribution of rainfall are drawn for some selected high annual rainfall are located in southern parts of stations. Sirmaur. From these regions of high rainfall, it declines gradually towards north and eastern portions Most of the rainfall in Himachal Pradesh is of the state. In central parts of the state, rainfall received from the south-western monsoon, which starts ranges between 800 and 1,200 mm. Lahul & Spiti, from June stretching up to September. The rainfall Kinnaur, eastern Chamba and northern parts Of Kulu district experience rainfall below 800 mm.

MAP 5

NO~MAL MONTHLY AND ANNUAL TEMPERATURE

--··-'~V ;' This map shows the variations in normal monthly higher in western portion of the state and it goes on and annual temperature in the state. The mean annual declining towards north and eastern regions with the temperature of meteorological station are plotted in increase in altitude. Maximum mean annual tempera the state. The isotherms at siutable interval are then ture (above 25°C) is observed in parts of Una tahsil. interpolated and intervening space between isotherms The variations in mean annual temperature is between is shaded as explained in the legend of the map. His. 20 and 25°C in Bilaspur and western parts of Mandi tograms showing normal monthly temperature are and Kangra districts. In peripherial areas of this also drawn at some selected stations. region embracing eastern Mandi, parts of Kulu and southern Chamba, the mean annual temperature ranges There is striking variations .in the mean annual between 15 and 20°C. In the remaining parts of the temperature in the state. Mean annual temperature is state, the mean annual temperature is less than WC.

MAP 6

SOILS I This map sho.ws the distributiory6f different types of soils in the state. areas of the state. Sub-montane soils (Podosolic) occur over larger parts of the state. The region of There are three main "types of soils in Himachal sub-montane soils extends continuously from Chamba Pradesh. Brown hill soils formed on sand stone and to Kinnaur district excepting glaciated and eternal shales' occur, in the south,western parts of the state snow areas in the north and the eastern portion of embracing Sirmaur, Simla, Mahasu, Bilaspur, S~lUthern the state. Potatoes, dry and fresh fruits are important Kulu and Kangra districts except northern portion of commercial crops raised on these soils. Glacier and Kangra and Pal am pur tahsils. This soil region covers eternal snow areas are confined to very high altitude about 42.16 percent area of the state and it coincides areas of eastern Kulu, northern parts of Lahul & with the wheat, rice, maize, millets and fruits growing Spiti and Kinnaur districts.

117 MAP 7

FORESTS

This map depicts the distributiDn Df different types Mandi Sadar tahsil. The mDst important species of of forests in the state. The entire forest area of the trees are deDdar, kail and oak. Himalayan temperate state has been classified into eleven types and their forest with predDminance of deodar and kail are seen distribution has been shDwn by different types of in Dhauladhar ranges, central Chamba, Karspg tahsil CDlDured shades as explained in the legend Df the map. Df Mandi, Kandaghat tahsil of Simla and in the ad· Besides this, pie diagram is inserted in the centre of jo.ining areas. each district showing number of workers employed in fDrest based industries. Himalayan dry temperate forest is predDminant in the catchment areas Df Chenab river and along the Himachal Pradesh displays great diversity in upper area~ of Sutlej river. fDrest growth due to steep variation in elevation, rain· fall, sDil and Dther physical cDnditiDns. 21,435.4 Km2 is Dry temperate forests (high level blue pine) and cDvered by miscellaneDus types of fDrests, which sub-Alpine forests such as fir, birch' are extensively CDnstitutes about 38,50 percent of the tDtal geDgraphi. found in south-western Chamba, south and central cal area Df the state. Sal forest is fDund in sDuthern Kulu and in Mahasu district. part of PaDnta Sahib tahsil where rainfall is above Moist Alpine scrub Rhododendran birch and dry 2,000 mm. Sub·trDpical scrub fDrests such as bambDD, alpine scrub coniferous types of fDrests are fDund 'in khair, sissu flDurish in lDW altitude areas of Kangra, high altitude areas of nDrthern Kulu, eastern part of western Bilaspur. Nalagarh and Kandaghat tahsils of RDhru tahsil and in Kinnaur district. In Lahul & Simla, sDuthern parts of Sirmaur and central western Spiti and Kinnaur districts where rainfaII is scanty, portiDn Df Mandi districts. Sub-trDpical scrub lDwer vegetation is scarce and is confined to river valleys and upper pine fDrests are fDund in central Sirmaur only. Elsewhere bare rDcks are found. district. Generally scrub fDrests are fDund in south. eastern parts of the state. FDrest based industries in the state have provided employment to. 36,975 workers. The largest number of Hi'malayan moist temperate fDrest grDW in Chamba wDrkers engaged in the exploitatiDn of fDrests have and northern Kangra district while Himalayan moist been recorded in Kulu (17,503) fDllowed by Mahasu wet temperate forest is limited to. eastern part o.f (5,201).

MAP 8

mSTRIBUTION OF POPULATION (1971)

This map depicts the distribution of populatiDn in These towns are distributed in a belt extending from the state in 1971. Rural population is shown by black north-western to south-western parts of the state. The dots, while urban pDpulation is represented by red north and north·eastern parts are devoid of any urban circles as explained in the legend of the map_ centres due to obvious reasons of terrain. The follow ing table gives the distribution of rural and urban Map clearly reveals that the distributiDn of popu· pDpulation at the district level : lation is most asymmetrical in the state. Out Df the Population in 197 1 tDtal pDpulation of the state, abDut 85 percent popu· State/District latiDn is distributed over 42 percent area of the state. Rural Urban Population is more thickly cDncentrated in the central, s6uth~western, north-western and western parts Df the --,------.----- state due to the availability Df agricultural lands better Himachal Pradesh .. 3,218,544 241,890 means Df transportation, imprDved method of cultiva Chamba 236,389 tiDn and industrial develDpment projects cDupled with .. 18,844 cDngenial climatic cDnditions in these areas. Kangra Kangra .. 1,278,560 48,651 districf a.lone accDunts for Dver 38 percent of the Mandi .. 466,975 48,205 populatiDn Df the state. On the other hand, north and Kulu 181,613 10,758 north-eastern portion of the state embracing parts of Chamba, Lahul & Sipiti and ~innaur districts have Lahul & Spiti 23,538 very sparse distribution of the population due to. un· Bilaspur 185,288 9,498 favourable geographical conditions. The distributiDn Mahasu .. 424,031 16,087 of pDpulation is mainly confined to the river valleys in these areas. Simla 147,997 59,132 Sirmaur 224,318 20,715 Out of the total population of 3,460,434 of th~ Kinnaur 49,835 state, 6.99 percent population lives in 35 'Urban centres.

MAP 9

DENSITY OF PONJLATION (1971)

This map shows the regional variations in density population per Km 2 is worked out for each district of 'pDpulatio.n per Km2 in the state. The density of and grouped into five ranges as shDwn in the legend of the map. 138 The density of population in Himachal Pradesh is ponsible for higher density of population in the {i2 persons per Km2. This density is very low as areas. compared with all India average of 178 persons . The density of population in Sirmaur, Mahasu, .Among all districts, Bilaspur, Kangra and Simla toge Kulu and Charnba districts varies between 21 and 100 ther constitute most populous areas of the state with persons per Km2. The highest and lowest values in concentratio~ of 167, 158 and 153 persons per Km2 this range is recorded in Sirmaur (87) and Chamba respectively. Mandi occupies fourth position with (31) respectively. In Mahasu and Kulu, density of 2 -density of 128 persons per Km • These districts are population is 78 and 35 persons per Krn2. Kinnaur comparatively undulating or sub-mountainous with and Lahul & Spiti are most thinly populated areas fertile valleys havivg easy access to plains of neigh of the state and occupy the lowest positions with 8 and bouring states. The existing means of transporta 2 persons per Krn' respectively due to geographical tions, fertile valleys, improved method of cultivation, conditions. The land in these districts is most rugged, industrial development projects coupled with con- mountainous, exposed to extreme cold during winter .genial climatic conditions are some of the factors res- season and inhospitable for settlement .

MAP 10

INTERCENSAL CHANGES IN POPULATION (1961-71)

This map depicts the percentage change in popu- IntercensaZ Changes in Population (1961-1971)

1ation during the decade 1961-71 at each tahsil/sub State{Tahsils/Sub·Tahsils Percentage increase tahsil level into six categories as shown in the legend. ---- Himachal Pradesb-- 23-04 Chaurah 19·23 During the decade 1961-71, the population of Pangi 18 ·38 Chamba 20 ·62 Himachal Pradesh has increased by 23.04 percent add Bhattiyat 13-16 ing B47,971 persons to. 1961 population. All the tahsilsj Brahmaur 5-63 sub-tahsils have experienced growth rates ranging Nurpur 30 ·49 Kangra 19·94 between 5.63 and 73.05 percent. Sundar Nagar, Palampur IS ·47 Mandi Sadar, Spiti, Paonta Sahib tahsils and Hangrang DeraGopipur 2S ·03 20 ·32 sub-tahsil, the growth of population is above 32.00 Hamirpur Amb 16·47 percent. A major factor responsible for this growth Barsar 20·09 rate in these areas is in-migration of workers engaged Una 12 ·95 28 ·05 .in construction of darns, roads, buildings and other Jogindar Nagar MandiSadar 40 ·68 .allied activities. Sarka ghat 21 ·36 Chichot 2S ·13 Sundar Nagar 73 ·05 Nine tahsils £all in each growth range between Karsog 26·13 Kulu 30 ·96 28.01-36.00 and 24.01-28.00 percent. . The maximum Banjar 15 ·09 number of tahsils (11) falls in growth range of 20.01- Ani 22 ·45 :24.00 percent. Obviously, about half of areas of the Nirmand 25·16 Lahul 7-68 state have recorded higher growth rate than that of Spiti 36·39 state average (23.04). This higher increase in popula Ghamarwin 24·87 19'28 tion besides the above mentioned factors may be attri Bilaspur Arki 20 ·88 buted to the extension of medical facilities, transpor Seoni 18 -79 tation, opening of new avenues of earnings and im Kumharsain 29·30 Rampur 29'51 provement in the field of agriculture during the decade. Rohru 21·29 Jubbal 22 ·96 Kotkhai 17 ·99 The growth range of 16.01-20.00 percent claims Theog 14 ·74 Kasumpti 28 ·85 nine tahsils. The highest and lowest percentage in Solan 30 ·21 crease dn population' within this range is recorded in Chaupa! 15 ·73 Kangra tahsil (19.94) and Morang (16.18) respectively. Simla 28 ·26 Kandaghat 20 ·37 In ten tah~ils, the ,growth rate is below 16.00 percent. / Nalagarh 23·47 The lowest growth rate of population iS/registered in / Rajgarh 25 ·49 Brahmaur (5.63) followed by Lahul ~7(68) and Nachar Pachhad 26·42 23 ·20 tahsil (11.63) percent. This Low growth rate may be Nahan Rainka 13·02 due to out-migraHon and remoteness of areas from Shillai 17 '55 accessible zones of the state .. Paonia Sahib 32 '51 Hangrang 40·20 Poo 26·73 Morang 16 ·18 The following table gives percentage increase of Kalpa 29 ·74 population, tahsiljsub-tahsil-wise, during: the decade Nachar 11·63 Sangla 25·96 1961-m. MAP 11

GROWTH OF POPULATION (1961-71)

This map shows the growth of population district workers alongwith their families and other persons wise in the state by choropleth technique for the rendering commercial services to them at Sundar decade 1961-71. The census figures for 1961 and Nagar and Pandoh Townships as a result of launching 1971 are considered on the basis of the formula of Beas-Sutlej Link Project. Kulu (25."79) occupies pl_p2 second position in growth rate of population followed -P-l- x 100 where p2 and pi are the population of by Sirmaur (24.04) and Simla (24.01). Implementa any district 1 geographical unit in respect of the year tion of development schemes, improvement in medi 1971 and 1961 respectively on the 1971 administrative cal facilities and urbanization are some of the other jurisdiction. The percentage figures are grouped into contributing factors to this rise in population. four rangeS! as shown in the legend. The circles pro Bilaspur, Mahasu, Kinnaur and Kangra are in the portionate to the total population of 1971 are inserted range of 20.01-24.00 percent growth rate. The highest in each district and the additional population during and lowest value of growth rates in this range is bet the 1961-71 is shown by black sectors. ween 22.66 percent in Bilaspur and 20.19 percent in Kangra. Lahul & Spiti has the lowest growth rate There is an increase of 23.04 percent in popula of 15.08 percent closely followed by Chamba (16,46). tion of Himachal Pradesh. Mandi district shows the hi Thus, it becomes evident that growth rate of four ghest increase of population 34.07 percent. This increase districts is above the state average while it is below in population is mainly due to the immigration of in respect of the remaining six districts.

MAP 12

FERTILITY (1971)

This map portrays the di~trictwise distribution of and in remaining districts the ratios are below this child-women ratio, which brings out the fertility diffe average. The highest child-women ratio is registered rentials in'the state. The child-women ratio for each in Mandi (69.98) closely followed by Kangra (69.53). distdct is calculated as below : The range of 66.51-69.50 percent on the map accounts' for four districts. The highest and lowest child-woo. Number of Children in age-group 0-4 x 100 men ratio in this range is between 69.34 in Mahasu and Number of Women in age-group 15-44 66.86 percent dn Sirmaur.

Ratio figures thus obtained for each district are In Simla and Bilaspur districts, the child-women grouped into four ranges and the districts falling in ratio is 64.96 and 68.69 percent respectively. The each range are shaded according to the legend of the lowest child-women ratio is registered in LahUl & map. Spiti (50.83) followed by Kinnaur (63.24) percent. Generally, it is observed that child-women ratio is Of ten districts, four have recorded higher child higher in south-western parts of the state as compar women ratio than that of state average (68.40 percenii) ed to the nQrth-eastern region.

MAP 13

SEX RATIO (1971)

This map depicts regional variations in sex ratio ween 925 and 999. Four of these are in ¥ahasu, two in the state. The females per 1,000, males are work each in Mandi and Kangra, three each in Chamba and ed out for each tahsil/sub-tahsil and grouped into six Kulu and one tahsil in Kinnaur district. The highest ranges, two above and four below the parity ratio. and lowest value of sex ratio in this range is in Una Out of 53 tahsils/sub-tahsils in Himachal Pradesh (990) and Jubbal (928~ respectively. In sixteen tah in 1971 Census, the sex ratios in 17 tahsils/sub-tahsils sils/sub-tah~i1s of the state, number of females per are higher than the sta:te average of 958 and in re 1,000 males varies between 85Q and 924. Similarly, maining units, this proportion is below the state level the highest and lowest values in this class is record ratio. The highest numlber of females per 11,000 males ed in Pangi (923) and Rajgarh sub-tahsil (861). is recorded in Sarkaghat (1,138) closely followed by Hamirpur (1,129) and PaIarnpur tahsil (1,094). In eight The range of 775-849 females. per 1,000 maleS' tahsils/sub-tahsils, sex ratio ranges between 1,000 and claims seven tahsils/sub-tahsils. The sex ratio in foulj 1,075. A continuous belt of high sex ratio with domi tahsiIs is below 775 females. It bJcomes clear from l1ance of females exists in Kangra dish-ict and ad the map that in large parts of the state males out joining areas. This higher proportion of females per number the females. The lowest sex ratio is regis 1,000 males may be on account of thick concentration tered in Kalpa (714) followed by Simla (723), Shi11ai of population leading to selective out-migration of (771) and Spiti (774). This low sex ratio in most of male population to other areas for gainful employ the areasl of the state appears to be associated with the ment in services and other jobs. immigration of male workers engaged in execution of multipurpose projects, construction of road and ex Out of 42 tahsils/sub·tahsils where sex ratio is ploitation of forests, from other parts of the state/ below the parity line, in 15 units sex ratio ranges bet- country to these areas. 140 MAP 14

CHANGE IN SEX RATIO (1961-71)

Two maps of sex ratio for 1961 and 1971 are drawn Sex ratio (Females to bring out the changing pattern of sex ratios in the per 1,000 Males) state during this decade. In each map, the tahsil/sub State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsils ~------tahsilwise sex ratio figures are plotted by isopleth. 1961 1971 The intervening space between two isopleths is shaded -~-~-~------~------according to the ranges of sex ratio from high to low 817 £84· Brahmaur as per the legends. These two maps are then juxta 870 918 posed for comparison. Nurpur 931 1,010 Kangra 1,039 1,094 There is considerable change in the pattern of sex Palampur 98'1 ratio during the decade 1961-71. The sex ratio in Deta Gopipur 986 Himachal Pradesh as a whole has increased from 938 1,104 1,129 in 1961 to 958 in 1971. In 32 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the Hamirpur 1,007 1,022 proportion of females per 1,000 males has recorded Amb 1,043 gain of varying significance, whereas the remaining Barsa, ~99 units depict loss in number of females during the 970 990 decade. All tahsils of Chamba, Kangra, Simla, Bilas Una 1,070 1,068- pur diStricts, Sarkaghat tahsil of Mandi, Banjar tahsil J ogindar Nagar 923 896 of Kulu and Lahul tahsil of Lahul & Spiti district Mandi Sadar experienced increase in the sex ratio. Similarly, sex 1,138 Sarkaghat 1,083 ratio has recorded increase in Arki, Seoni, Jubbal, 970 935 Theog, Solan and Chaupal tahsils of Mahasu, Pachhad, Chichot 815 Shillai and Nahan tahsils of Sirmaur and Nachar tah Sundar Nagar 956 sil of Kinnaur during the decade 1961-71. 946 935 Karsog 888 Kulu 930 In 1961, three ,districts highly female-based regions 951 964 were visible in western and eastern parts of the state. Banjar 949 First region was confined to the tahsils of Pal am pur, Ani 963 960 Hamirpur, Amb, Sarkaghat, Jogindar Nagar and Nirmand 973 Ghamarwin. This region further expanded by em 832 Lahul 746 bracing Kangra tahsil in 1971. Similarly, the second 866 774- region which was limited to Arki tahsil in 1961, stret Spiti I,05()' ched towards Seoni in 1971. Ghamarwin 1,023 907 Bilaspur Sadar 853 1,04'1 A third region in Kinnaur district experienced Arki 1,001 decline in its areal extent covering Sangla tahsil in 987 1,015 1971 against two tahsils in 1961. The highest number Seoni 902- of females per 1,000 males in female-based reglions is Kumharsain 917 /' 8€6 recorded 1,138 in Sarkaghat tahsil in 1971 against 1,104 Rampur 941 in Hamirpur :in 1961. 937 Rohru 975 928 Jubblll 857 On the other hand, some areas of the state parti 8;9 946 cularly where developmental projects have been Kotkhai 938 started during the decade experienced decline in sex Theog 870 846 ratio. The fall in sex ratio is registered in all tahsils Kasumpti 852 of Mandi district except Sarkaghat, Kulu, Ani and 848. Solan 833 Nirmand of Kulu district, Spiti of Lahul & Spiti district, Kumharsain, Rampur, Rohru, and Kasumpti Chaupal 785 829 in l\1ahasu, Rajgarh, Rainka and Paonta Sahib tahsils Simla 662 m in Sirmaur and all tahsils of Kinnaur except Nachar Kandaghat 805 502 tahsil during the 1961-71. Nalagarh 90S 91l} Rajgarh 888 861 Pachhad 850 873 864 SeX ratio (Females Nahan 786 per 1,000 Males) 883 Siate/Tah~ils/Sub tahsils --;------Rainka 893 I Shillai 759 771 /961 1971 PaonIa Sahib 823 809------7---·-·----- Hangrang 1)88 821

Himachal Pradesh 938 958 Poo 957 892 Chaurah , 905 934 Morang 1,132 1,046- Pangi 898 923 Kalpa 894 714 Chamba 931 975 Nachar 884 922t Bhattiyat 808 944 Sangla 1,104 910'"'

141 MAP 15

RURAL SEX RATIO (1971)

This map reflects variations in sex ratio in rural sex ratio covers Kangra, Amb, Una, Barsar, Arki, areas. The number of females per 1,000 males in Seoni and Morang tahsils. Three conspicuous regions rural population are grouped into six categories, two of sex ratios ranging between 925-999 have emerged above and four below the equality ratio. The tahsils/ on the map-one extending from Sangla tahsil of sub-tahsils falling in each range are hatched as shown Kinnaur to Theog tahsil of Mahasu district; second in the legend of map. embracing the central southern parts of Mandi and Kulu districts and third region is comprised of Bhatti The sex ratio in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh yat, Chamba and Chaurah tahsils of Chamba district. 'is 976, which is higher than that of total as well as urban sex ratio of 958 and 749 respectively. The dis In 17 tahsils/sub-tahsils, sex ratio varies between tributional pattern of rural sex ratio is almost simi 850-924. Similarly, in this range, three belts are lar as discussed in Map 14, though rural areas account clearly identifiable--first emerges in south-western comparat~vely for higher number of females per 1,000 part of the state embracing parts of Sirmaur, Mahasu 'males. This higher proportion of females in rural and Simla districts; second covering western Chamba -population may be due to the lack of gainful employ district and third extending from Kumharsain in ment opportunities in rural economies of the state Mahasu district to Nachar tahsil of Kinnaur district. leading to selective out-migration of males to earn 'livelihood. Number of females per 1,000 males in Lahul, The highly female-b.ias region finds its concentra Hangrang, Chaupal and Paonta Sahib tahsils ranges tion in Kangra and adjoining areas of Mandi and between 775-849. The lowest sex ratio is registered in Bilaspur district. The highest number of females per Kalpa (714) followed by Shillai (771) and SpiU tahsil 1,00'0 males is recorded in Hamirpur (1,140) closely fol- (774). The sex ratio in rural population is low gene 'lowed by Sarkaghat (1,13f!), Palampur (1,099) and Jogin roIly in those areas where developmental projects dar Nagar tahsil (1,085). The next range of 1,000-1,075 have been started in a big way.

MAP 16

CHANGE IN RURAL SEX RATIO (1961-71)

Two maps of rural sex ratios for 1961 and 1971 Rural Sex ratio (Females per 1,000 Males) -are drawn by isopleth to bring out the changing pat. State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsi1s ------"tern of sex ratio in the rural population during the 1961 1971 decade. These two maps are then juxtaposed for com Himachal------Pradesh 961 976 -paris on. Chaurah 905 934 Pangi 898 923 Sex ratio in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh as a Chamba 946 994 whole has risen from 961 in 1961 to 976 in 1971. 1ncrease in number of females are recorded in as Bhattiyat 907 955 'many as 32 tahsils/sub-tahsils of the state during the Brahmaur 817 884 decade of 1961-71. This improvement in the propor Nurpur 870 918 tion of females may be due to the improved medical -facilities leading to the reduction in female mortality Kangra 997 1,028 rate and selective male out-migration coupled! with Palampur 1,070 1,099 other factors. The change in highly female biased Dera Gopipur 986 989 'regions are the same as discussed in Map 15. How. 1,104 ·ever, rural areas have maintained higher proportion Hamirpur 1,!40 of females as compared to the total. as well as urban Amb 1,007 1,012 'Sex ratios in the state. The highest value of sex ratio Barsar 999 1,043 'has been recorded in Hamirpur tahsil (1,140) in 1971 973 1,001 against 1,104 in the same tahsil in 1961. Una Joginda r Nagar 1,088 1,085 Contrary to this, 21 tahsils/sub-tahsils experienc. MandiSadar 948 950 'ed decline in sex ratio during the decade. The' areas Sarkazhat 1,081 1,138 'which recorded decline in the proportion of females Chichot 970 935 are Jogindar Nagar, Chichot, Sundar Nagar and Sundar Nagar 965 894 'Karsog in Mandi district, a,ll tahsils of Kulu except Karsog 946 935 'Banjar, Kumharsain, Rampur and Rohru in Mahasu, Kulu 942 913 'Simla sub-tahsil, Sirmaur except Pachhad and Nahan Banjar 951 964 :and Kinnaur district with the exception of Nachar Ani 963 949 tahsil. This decline in sex ratio in these areas may Nirmand 973 960 'be on account of implementation of development pro Lahul 746 832 jects which offer more employment to males than the Spiti 866 774 female workers. The following statement shows the 1,023 1,054 number of females per 1,000 males during 1961 and Ghamarwin 1971. BiJaspur Sadar 879 925

142 Rural Sex ratio Rural Sex ratio (Females per 1,000 Males) (Females per 1,000 Males) State/Tahslls/ Sub·tahsil J State/Tahsils/Sub·tahsils ------1961 1971 1961 1971

------Arki 1,009 1,053 ------Nalagarh 909 918 Seonl ·987 1.015 Rajgarh 888 861

Kumharsain 928 902 P~chhad 850 876 Rampur 975 882 Nahan 821 889 Rohru 975 937 Rainka 893 883 Jubbal 857 928 Shillai 759 771 Kotkhai 859 946 P.lOnta Sahib 825 809 Theog 8n 948 Hangrang 988 821

Kasumpti 852 855 PI)O 957 892 Solan 890 913 Morang J,132 J,046 Chaupal 785 829 Kalpa 894 714 Simla . 957 949 Nuchar 884 922 Kandaghat 878 898 Sangla 1,104 970

MAP 17

URBAN SEX RATIO (1971)

This map reflects the disparity in urban sex ratio higher number of females per 1,000 males than the in Himachal Pradesh at tahsil/sub-tahsil level. Sex industrial and service towns· in the state. ratio in urban areas of each tahsil/sub-tahsil are In Nurpur, Kangra, Arki and Kandaghat tahsils, grouped into five ranges and units falling in each number of females per 1;000 males is above 900 and range are hatched as shown in the legend, The tah highest sex ratio is recorded' in Kandaghat (929). sils/sub-tahsils which are entirely rural have been Similarly next range of 851-900 covers the tahsils of left blank on the map. Chamba, Bhattiyat, Una and Nalagarh. The sex ratio in Jogindar Nagar, Bilaspur Sadar, Ghamarwin, Sex ratio in urban areas of Himachal Pradesh as Pachhad, Nahan and Paonta Sahib varies between a whole is 749 again~t a corresponding proportion of 976 751-850. The maximum number of tahsils/sub-tah in rural areas. The high cost of living, lack of resi sils (8) falls in range of 601-750 females per 1,000 dential accommodation in towns and economic inte. males. The highest and lowest values of sex ratio in rests in the ancestral villages discourage people mov this range are in Palampur (705) and Theog (629) res ing to towns with their families. As a result of this, pectively. The lowest proportion of females per 1,000 the sex ratio in urban areas is far lower than in the males is recorded in Kasumpti (489) followed by Ram

MAP 18

CHANGE IN URBAN SEX RATIO (1961-71)

Two maps of sex ratios for 1961 and 1971 are highest increase in the proportion of females has drawn by choropleth to show the changing pattern in been observed in Bhattiyat from 400 in 1961 to 857 the state during the decade 1961-71 for comparison. in 1971 followed by Kandaghat from 534 to 929 and Palampur tahsil from 400 to 705 respectively. On the / Sex ratio in urban population of Himachal Pradesh other hand sex ratio in urban population has sharply has increased from 650 in 1961 to 74~.ih 1971. This declined in Sundar Nagar from 903 in 1961 to 647 in 1971 trend in sex ratio is maintained almost in all urban and Mandi Sadar from 780 to 673 respectively. The / tahsils/sub-tahsils of the state with the exception of decline in sex ratio in these tahsils may be particular Una, Mandi Sadar, Sundar Nagar and Kulu tahsil lyon account of influx of male workers engaged in where the ,sex ratio has declined during the decade. the construction of Beas Sutlej Link Project. Simi In 1971, as compared to 1961, Chamba, Bhattiyat, larly fall in number Of females per 1,000 males is Nurpur, Kangra, Palampur, Jogindar Nagar, Bilaspur also registered in Kulu and Una tahsils. Sadar, Arki, Rampur, Theog, Solan, Nahan, Paonta Sahib and all tabsils of Simla district have shown The following table shows the number of females considerable increase in sex ratio in urban areas, The per 1,000 males in 1961 and 1971. 143 Urban Sex ratio ,I Urban Sex rat io (Females per (Femal es per 1;000 l\i:)les) 1,000 Malts) State Tilh"sils/Sub·tahsils ------State /Tahsi lSjSub.tahsiis ------196:' 197) 1961 1971

-~------'------Himachal Pradesb 650 749 Bilaspur Sadar 686 758 Chamba 828 864 Arki 796 915 Bhattiyat 400 " 857 Kumharsain 401 Nurj:mf 884 921 Rampur 438 596 Kangra 659 .- 904 Theog 444 629 .;-. 705 Palampur 400 Kasumpti 489 Hamirpur .' 648 Solan 620 653 Una' 9].] , 876 Simla 596 670 Jogindar NagiIT 734 " 775 Kandaghat 534 929 Mandi Sadar 780 ' 673 Nalagarh 820 862 . Sundar Nagar ., 903 .it 647 Pachhad 806 J{;ulu . 77.0 ;.-, 696 Nahan 731 821'

Ghamarwin ,,' . 843 Paonta Sahib 749 801

MAP 19

SEX, AGE STRUCTURE AND MARITAL STATUS .. "\(19'71)

This map d~picts the sex, age structl:lre and mari~ Old persons of 60 years and above account for 7.17' tal status of male, and female population by dffferent percent of the population in the state. The percent age-groups in each district of the state: Age pyra age of unmarried males and females is very insigni mids are drawn lin each district with bars propor ficant beyond the age of 30 years in the state. Simi tionate to the male population in different age-groups larly, proportion of widowed persons in very small on the left' side and female population on the right except age-group of 60 and. abovewhere percentage' side of central vertical line, The age-groups' are of widowed females and males are 2.12 and 1.11 in shown On the left or pyramids.' The scales are given the total population respectively. The percentage of' both in percentage and absolute figures at the top and infants and children to total popUlation is higher in bottom of l:iorizontal bars of the pyramids. Male and all districts. The highest and lowest percentage ot female popUlation are classified according to age population in age-group 0-14 is recorded in Kangra groups as Old men and' womel1, iniddle aged men and (43.67) and Lahul & Spiti (30.82), respectively. Simi women, youngmen and women, boys and girls and lar pattern of sex, age structure and marital status of infants are distinguished by colour as shown in the population is observed in Chamba, Kangra, Mandi and legend. The marital status of male 'and female popu Bilaspur districts with little deviations. ·lation in eacK age-group, has been 'shown by black hatching. In Kuiu, Mahasu, Simla and Sirmaur districts, the In Himachal Pradesh, the percentage of males percentage of male population is comparatively higher and females to total popUlation is 51.06 and 48.94 res than females in all age-groups. Males Olltnumber pectively. The proportion of male population exceeds the females in all age-groups except 55 years and the females in all age-groups except 15-39, where above in Lahul & Spiti. The' proportion of male, proportion of females is slightly higher than the population in age-group of 20-29 is almost double of males in the state. Infants and children (0-14 years) females, males and females together in this age-group together constitute 41.20 percent of the total popula account for 21.31 percent of the total population of' tion, Percentage of youngmen and women in age the district. The percentage of male population is' group )5-?4 is 30.53 whereas middle aged men and higher than female in a11.age-groups except 0-4, 15- women account for 21;10 percent of the population. 19 and 50 years and above in Kinnaur district.

MAP 20

C.RANGE IN SEX AND AGE STRUCTURE (1961-71)

This map depicts the changing pattern of sex and to 1971 male population of different quinquennial age age structure in .eac~ dis~rict of the state during the groupg On the left side and female populati{)n on decade 1961-71. right side of the central vertical line. On the left of

~ ,# ~ pyramids different age-groups are shown. The scales Age pyramids are drawn in each district of the are given in both percentage and absolute figures at state with bars in light yellow colour proportionate the top and bottom of horizontal bars of pyramids

·'144 respectively. Male and femaJe population are (late where male and female population has increased by gorised according to. age-groups as displayed in the 66,370 and 61,790, respectively in 1971. Next position ~egend of map. Age pyramids for 1961 male and in tenus of growth is occupied by age-group 0-4 female population in different age-groups are super closely followed by 5-9 years. The high increase in imposed over the pyramicUi of 1971 to bring out the case of lower age-groups iB most probably due to de change in age and sex structure in each district. line in mortality rate of children with an appreciable increase in the availability of health services. Change In Himachal Pradesh, population of male and in sex and age structure in all districts confonns with female in diff~rent age-groups has recorded consider the state pattern excepting Mandi and Kangra dis able increase in 1971 against the corresponding popu tricts. Increase in male and female population of lation in 1961. Age-groups 0-4 to 20-24 and 60 i working age-group (15-59) in Mandi district is also reveal higher increase in male and female population, considerably high due to the immigration of workers. wherea'S remaining age-groups show I grauual change In Kangra district, it is only age-groups 10-14 and in th~ir population. Among the all age-groups, 15-19 which reflect signif:dant increase, while highest increase is recorded in agellroup 10-14, increase in other age-groups is almost ir.significant.

MAP 11

YOUTHFULNESS OF POPUL~TION (19'71)

This map reflects the youthfulness of population to the total population is above 27.00 percent. These in the state as revealed by the proportion of persons districts form a region of high youthful population in in age-group 5-14. The percentage of population in the state. The maximum number of districts (4) fans age-group 5-14 to total population of each district is in range of 24.01-27.00 percent. Similarly, a conti worked out and per~€ntage figures thus obtained are guous region is visible in this range embracing the grouped into four ranges as shown in the legend of districts of Simla, Mahastt and Kulu. The highest and the map. lowest percentage of youthful population in this range is in Chamha (26.00) and Simla (24.96), respectively. The youthfulness of population as represented by In Sirm

MAP 22

CRANGE IN YOUTHFULNESS OF POPULATION i19S1-11)

A set of two maps depict the change in youth fulness of po'pulation during the decade of 1961-71. The ' Persons ill age-grollJ 5-14 percentage of population in age-group l>-14 to total popuJation or each district is calculated for 1961 and 1971 and figure~ thus obtained are grouped into four Stale!District -- -- range& as shown in the legend o£ the map. Popula tion fig'Ures of, age-groupi e·-14 in re,pect of Kangra 1961 1911 and Kulu districts flJr 1001 have(been adjusted by the 3 pro-rata method. ----_.------.2 --

The proportion of ycmthful population in the state Hiatacbal Pradesh ',H,719 (Z5-31) 930,011 (26'88) as a whole has shot up from 25.31 in 1961 26.8B to 51,147 (n'14) 66,312 (26 '00) percent in 1971. This trend in the proportion of Clumba youthful population is visible in all districts except Kangra 300,288 (2H9) 383,087 (23'86) Kulu where the percentage of youthful population 93,778 (25 '71) 139,502 (21'()8) declined from 27.19 to 25.05 during the decade. The Mandi percentage of youthful population in Mandi and K.ulu 41,5S6 (2'H') 4S,ISO (2, 'OS) BilaspUf has risen above 27.00 in 1971 against 25.71 Lahul & Spiti 4,128 (20 '(8) 4,nJ (2C,.n) and 2.5.54 in these districts in 1961. Similarly.J 1 Simla ~ Mahasu and Chamha districts have shifted from lower Bilas]lur 40,561 (25 '54) S4,40:l (21 '93) percentage range of 21.01-24.00 int1961 to 24.01-27.00 Mahasu 81,549 (22 '72) 109,966 (24 ,99) in 1971. The proportion of youthful pOllulation in " Kinnaur also recorded increase from 20.85 to 22.21 Simla - 39,724 (2H9) 54,204 (24096) pf;::cent during tbe ael!ade. The lowest gain in youth ful population is registered in Lahul & S?iti fpl1ow- Sirmlilt 45,415 (..'2 ·99 r 58,441 (23'85) ed by Sirmaur district. - Kinoaur 8,543 (20 '85) .11,067 (22'21)

The following table gives the percentage of youth ful population in age-group 5-14 to total pc>pulation Note.-Figures \\'lthin brackets indicate percentage to total in 1961 and 1971. PopulatlOn. 145 MAP 23

MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map reflects the percentage distribution of projects and· other services in, these areas may appear male population in working age-group 15-59 to total to have inflated the proportion of males in the work· male population in the state. The percentage figures ing age-group. Though the pt:oportipn of. male of male population in working age-group 15-59 are population in the working agll-grq).lp 15-59 is the grouped into four ranges as displayed in the legend highest in 1ahu1 & Spiti and Kinnaur yet these of map. Circles proportionate to total male popula districts fall in the rear in terms of. numerical tion in each district are inser-ted and shaded sector strength. of circles indicate percentage shares of male in work ing age-group; Over lange parts ot the. sta~e, t~~, percentas.e of males in working age ~~nges. between 48.01-59.00. The percentage of malep in .working age-group This range covers the districts of Mahasu, Kulu 15-59 to total male population is 50.90 in Himachal Mandi, Bilaspur and Chamba. The highest and Pradesh.. The highest proportion of male population lowest percentage in this range is recorded in Kulu in this working age is claimed by Lahul & Spiti (55.15) and Bilaspur (48.14) respectively. The lowest (65.86 percent). This proportion in Kinnaur, proportion of males in the age-group 15-59 is register Sirmaur and Simla districts varies between 56.01- ed in Kangra (45.70) which may be due to the fact 64.00. The workers engaged in building of roads, that males in this age tend to leave their homes to g~t employment in various services.

MAP 24

CI~ANGE IN MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1961"":'71)

This map reflects change in the percentage of trend is observed in all districts ElXC~pt Mandi, where mal'e popUlation in working age-group 15-59 to total the proportion of male populatj.on in working age male population districtwise in the state during the group has recorded marginal gain of 0.30 percent. decade 1961-71. The percentage change of males in The highest percentage loss in this proportion is employable age-group is worked out for each district registered in Chamba (4.90) closely followed by Simla by formula below : district (4 .. 40). The loss in the proportion of males in employable age 15-59 in Bilaspur, Kangra, Kulu, Percentage variation 1961-71 =(B - B1) x 100 -- Kinnaur and Sirmaur districts deviates between 1.01 A A1 and 4.00 percent. The lowest and highest percentage values in this ranp-e is observed in Kinnaur (1.20) and Where A and Al stand for total male population Bilaspur district (3.60) respectively. The last range in 1971 and 1961 respectively while Band Bl stand of below 1.01 perce!).t loss accounts for the remain for total male population in age-group 15-59 in 1971 ing districts, viz., Mahasu .and Lahul & Spili. The and ]961 respectively. The percentage figures thus loss in the percentage of males in employable age obtained ,are grouped into four ranges-three showing group dn t~e state may possi1;>ly be attributable to 'Joss and one indicating gain in the proportion of male higher proportion o.f children (0-# ?,e~rs) population 'population in working age-group which are shaded in which constitutes a,bQut 41.20 percent of total popu different grades on the map. Mion in 1971 and rise in longevity of life due to the increasing availability of medical facilities. How The proportion of males in employable age-group ever, the absolute population of males in working age 15-59 to total male population in Himachal Pradesh as group 15-59 has recorded increase in· 1971 in all a whole has declined in 1971 by 1.80. percent from districts ag-ainst the strength of males in this age· the corresponding proportion in 1961. This declining group ~n 1961.

.MAP 25

FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map portrays the percentage of females i'n rPr;ad~s)1. The l).~ghest p,ercentage of females in work· working age-group 15"::"'59 to total female population in ,ing .age-group is recorded in Lahul & Spiti (58.45) each district. The percentage figures of females in '~Qll0'Yed by SirIllaur (54.33) and Kinnaur districts working age are grouped into four ranges as shown in I (54.19). In Mahasu, Simla, Kulu and Chamba the legend. Circles proportionate to total female distNe,ts, this proportion varies' between 52.01 and ·population are inserted and divided into two sectors 54.00 percent. The lowest range of 52.00 percent and 'ac~ording to the percentage shares of females in below claims three districts. tt'he variation in this working age and others. range is very small and highest and lowest percentage 'of females in ,the w9r~ng ,age-group .is recorded in The proportion of females in working .age to total ~andi (51.68) andtKang~qldist~c~ (51,4:3) respectively. female popUlation is 52.38 percent in Himachal 146 MAP 26

CHANGE IN FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59

o • • - , ! (1961-71)

This map shows change in the proportion of with the exception of Kangra, where the percentage of females in working age-group 1,5-59 to total female females in working age-group 15-59 t() t()tal females population djstrictwise during, 196,1-71. The percen has registered a gain of 0.50 'percent in 1971 over the tage change of. female population in working age preceding census. The highest loss in the proportion of group is calculated for each district during the decade femal~ in this age-group"is recorded in Mahasu (2.90 of 1961-71 by the formula as elaborated in map 25, percent) followed by Kinnaur (2.60 percent) during The percentage figures thus obtained are arranged the decade, while Chamba and Kulu district fall in the into five ranges-four showing loss and one gain in loss range of 1.51-2.50 percent. The percentage loss the proportion of females in working age:.group of females in employable age varies between 0.51-1.50 15-59. Accordingly, districts are hatched in different percent in Sirmaur, Mandi, Bilaspur and Simla grades. districts. The lowest loss in the proportion of females is observed in Lahu & Spiti (0.50 percent). This In Himachal Pradesh, the proportion of females loss in the proportion of females in age-group 15-59 in working age-group 15--59 to total females has in most of districts appears to be associated with the decreased slightly by 0.70 'percent in 1971 ag'afnst the composition of population, which reflects higher per corresponding proprotion in 1961. This fall in the pro~' centage of cHildren population (41.20) in 1971 against portion of females is almost recorded in all districts 39.83 percent in 1961.

MAP 27

URBAN MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 tI971)

This map depicts variation in the percentage of the proportion of males in working age-group is male population in working age-group 15-59 to 63,56' percent,- which is higher tharr the 'corresponding 10tal males 1p ur,ban ar~as' ()~ the" state. l The percen proportion in rural areas as well as total males. A tage figures of males in the working age are arranged contiguous region of high proportion of males in work "into four ranges and districts fallIng in each range are ing age is located in central and south-eastern parts of shaded! differently as shown 'in the legend of map. the state embracing the districts 'of Kulu; Mimdi and rCircles proportionate to total male population are dtawn Mahasu. The variation in this region is between 67.97 in the centre of each district and divided into two and 67.07 percent. Simla falls in the range of 64.01- 'Bectors according to the percentage shares of males in 67.00 percent. Similarly, the proportion of males in working age-group and others. The districts of working age-group in Chamba, Bilaspur and Sirmaur Kinnaur and Lahul & Spiti are entirely rural. ' . ranges between 58.01-64.00 percent. The lowest percentage of males in the age-group is recorded in In urban areas of Himachal Pradesh as a whole, :Kangra (56.43).

MAP 28

CHANGE IN RURAL MALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1961""!71) '.

This map portrays the changing pattern of male show loss of 2.70 percent in the proportion of males in populatio'n in working a-ge-gtouin5L 59 Ta total male working ~ge-group' ~15-"'-59 to< 'total male population population in urban :areas during the decade 196i-71. in 1971' agairist the corresponding proportion in 1961. The percentage change of males in working age 15-59 Out of eIght urbanised 'districts, 'only Mandi and Kulu to total male population of utban areas'iS" worked out have recorded gain of 10.00 and 8.20 percent in this for each district according to: the fiirnful'a as explained proportion during 1961-71 resp·ectively. On the other in map 25. The percentage figures then are grouped hand, loss in this proportion 6f males is observed in six into five categories reflecting .two in gain and three districts: The hfghest loss in the proportion of urban 'in the proportion of loss of urban males in working males in age-group 15-59 is registered in Chamba age 15-59 to total urban males. The districts falling (11.90) percent) followed by Kangra district (9.40 per in each range are shaded differently. The entirely cent). Bilaspur, Simla and Sirinaur districts show loss Tural districts of Kinnaur and LahUl & Spiti are Ieft in this proportion between 1.51 and 6.50 percent. The 'blank. lowest decline of 1.30 percent in the proportion of urban males in working age is recorded in Mahasu The urban areas of Himachal Pradesh as a whole district.

MAP 29

RURAL MALK~ IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map depicts regional variation in the propor state. The percentage figures of males in working age tion ot males 'in working age-group i5-59 to the total gToup in rural areas are grouped into four ranges as male poplI1atiori in niral areas districtwise in the ' displayed 'in tfie index; The total male population in . . , "'''t. 147 each district is shown by circles and sectors therein closely followed by Kinnaur (60.78) and Sirmaur (56.72)' indicate the proportion of males in working age respectively. group. The largest number of districts (5) falls in the range' of 48.01-56.00 percent and is in close proximity to Out of 1,628,623 male population in rural areas of the state average (49.82). The districts covered by Himachal Pradesh, 811,455 or 49.82 percent are in this range are 'Kulu, Mandi, Mahasu, Simla and' working age-group 15-59. In seven districts of the Chamba. All these districts form contiguous region state, this proportion is above the state average. It is with the exception of Chamba. The highest and lowest: generally observed that in highly populated areas, the proportion of males in working age-group in the proportion of males in working age-group is lower as range is recorded in Kulu (54.29 percent) and Mandi 'compared to' sparsely populated areas. The highest per (49.16 percent) respectively. This proportion is below' centage of males in working age-group is recorded in 48.00 percent in densely populated districts of Kangra thinly populated district of Lahul & Spiti (65.86) and Bilaspur.

MAP 30

CHANGE IN RURAL,IMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1967-71)

This map depicts the changing patt~rn of rural Himachal Pradesh as a whole has decreased by 1.80' male population in working age-group 15-59 to total per' cent from the corresponding proportion of 1961. rural male population during the decade of 1961-71. This loss in the proportion of males in working age· The percentage change of rural males in working group is observed in all districts varying between 4.40' age-group 15-59 to total rural males is worked out percent in Simla and 1.00 percent in Lahul & for each district according to the method as explained Spiti district during the decade. The range of above' in Map 25. The percentage figures, are then classified 4.00 percent accounts for Simla district only where into four categories and distri~ts falling in each cate as Chamba and Bilaspur districts fall within the pur-· gory are hatched differently as displayed in the legend view of 3.01-4.00 percent. The percentage loss of rural of the map. male population in working age-group in Kulu, Kangra, Mandi, Sirmaur and Kinnaur districts ranges between- In 1971, the proportion of males in working age 1.01-3.00 percent. The lowest range of below 1.01 per group 15-59 to total male population in rural areas of cent covers the districts of Mahasu and Lahul & Spiti.

MAP 31

URBAN FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map portrays the proportion of urban female of Simla, Kulu and Mahasu districts exceeds 58.00 per population in working age-group 15-59 to total urban cent. This proportion in; Kangra, Bilaspur, Mandi and' female population districtwise in the state. The pro Sirmaur districts varies between 54.01 aDd 58.00 per portion of urban females in this age-group is worked cent and is nearer to state average (56.98 percent) out for each district and percentage figures are then The fluctuation in this range is very small ranging' arranged into three ranges as shown in the index of between 56.66 percent in Mandi and 54.75 percent in map. Circles proportionate to total urban females are Bilaspur. The lowest percentage of urban females in drawn in the centre of each district and black sectors working age-group is recorded in Chamba (53.61 per represent the proportion of females in working age cent), The proportion of females in working age group. The entirely rural districts of Kinnaur and group is comparatively higher in urban areas than the' Lahul & Spiti are left blank. corresponding proportion in rural areas of the state. The proportion of females in working age group 15-59 to total female population in urban areas

MAP 32

CHANGE IN URBAN rFEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1961-71)

This map portrays changing pattern of proportion districts of Kinnaur and Lahul & Spiti are left of females in working age-group 15-59 to total female blank. population by choropleth in urban areas during the decade of 1961-71. The percentage change Of females The proportion of female population in age-group in this age-group during 1961-71 is calculated for each .. 15-59 to total female population in urban areas of' district according to the methods as elaborated in Map Himachal Pradesh· as a whOle has recorded gain of' 25. The percentage figures are then grouped into 3.10 percent in 1971 over the corresponding propor four ranges reflecting gain in three and loss in one tion of 1961. The gain in this proportion is observed in the proportion of urban females' in working in all urban districts with the exception of Chamba, age-group during the decade. The entirely rural where the proportion of females in working 148 age-group has declined by 1.10 percent. On the other cent). In Kulu, Mandi and Mahasu districts, gain in hand, gain in the proportion of females in working age this proportion varies between 1.51 and 3.50 percent. to total females in urban areas of Simla district is the The lowest range of below 1.50 percent gain accounts highest (4.80 percent) followed by Kangra (4.00 per- for Sirmaur and Bilaspur districts.

MAP 33

RURAL FEMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map shows variation in the proportion of females in working age-group to total rural females in working age-group 15-59 to total female female population is 52.08 percent. The sparsely population by choropleth in rural areas of the state. populated district of Lahul & Spiti (58.45 percent) The percentage figures of females in this age-group exhibits highest proportion of females in working age· are arranged into three convenient ranges and districts group and lowest is recorded in Kangra (51.26). The falling in each range are shaded as shown in index variation in this proportion in Kinnaur, Kulu, Mahasu, on the map. Circles proporlionate to total rural Sirmaur and Chamba districts is between 52.01 and females are inserted in each district and black sectors 55.00· percent. In densely populated rural areas of within circles indicate proportion of females in this Bilaspur, Simla, Mandl and Kangra districts, the pro~ age-group. portion of females in working age is less than 52.00 In Himachal Pradesh, the proportion of rural percent.

MAP 34

CHANGE IN RURAL F.'EMALES IN WORKING AGE 15-59 (1961-71)

This map brings out the changing pattern of The declining trend in this proportion is depicted in all female population in working age-group 15-59 to districts except Kangra (0.40 percent) where the total female population in rural areas during 1961-71. percentage of females in working age has marginally Change in the proportion of females in working age risen during 1961-71. In other nine districts, loss in group during the decade is worked out for each district the proportion of females working age varies between as explained in Map 25. The percentage figures thus 3.10 percent in Mahasu and 0.50 percent in Lahul & obtained are arranged into four convenient ranges Spiti district. Kinnaur, Mahasu and Simla districts showing gain in one and loss in three as indicated in together constitute a contiguous region of higher loss legend of the map. ,above 2.50 percent. Kulu, Mandi, Chamba and Sirmaur districts fall within the purview of medium The proportion of females in working age range of 1.00-2.50 percent loss. The loss in the pro group 15-59 to total female population in rural areas portion of females in working age-group 15-59 is of the state has recorded loss of 1.00 percent in 1971 below 1.00 percent in Bilaspur and Lahul & Spiti as compared to the corresponding proportion of 1961. districts.

MAP 35

URBAN POPULATION (l!t71)

This map depicts the percentage distribution at sub-tahsil is that it includes the largest town of Simla urban population to total population for each tahsil/ which is also major administrative centre of the state. "ub-tahsil of the state,in 19'1. The percentage figures Similarly in Sundar Nagar tahsil (28.98 percent), it of urban population to total population is calculated is on account of influx of; workers engaged in B.8.L. for each tahsil/sub-tahsil and figures thus obtained are Project along with their families and other persons grouped into five convenient ranges as shown in the rendering commercial and other services to them in index of the map. Twenty.rune tahsils/sub-tahsils of Sundw Nagar town. Nahan (39.97 percent) and S01a11 the state which do not contain any urban population (22.26 per cent) tahsils show higher proportions or have been left blank. urban population due to the location of industrial establishments engaged in manufacturing of imple According to 1971 census, 241,890 persons live in ments, alcohol and others. In next range (14.01-20.00 urban areas of the state, which constitutes 6.99 per percent) falls Mandi Sadar and Chamba tahsils. cent of total population. This urban P9{ulation is con In six tahsils/sub-tahsils, the percentage of urban centrated mainly in central, western and south population to total population varies between 8.01 and western parts of the sfate. It clearly reflects 14.00. These are tahsils of Bhattiyat in Chamba, that urbanisation has not only been slow Kangra and Una in Kangra, Bilaspur Sadar in Bilas, but also upeven in the state. In Simla, Nahan, Sundar pur, Kulu in Kulu district and Kandaghat }of Simla Nagar and Solan tahsils, the percentage of urban district. The largest number of tahsils (8) falls in population to total popula!ion is above 20.00 per cent. range of 2.01-8.00 percent. The variation' in the per. The variation in this range is between 78.69 in Simla centage of urban population to total population is and 22.26 percent in Solan tahsil. The reason for very small in this range and it varies between 4.76 highest percentage of urban population in Simla in Nalagarh and 2.73 in Nurpur tahsil.

149 The lowest percentage of urban population to total of the state, the proportion of urban population is population is recorded in Palampur tahsil (1.13) below the state average of 6.99 percent. Physical followed by Ghamarwin (1.64), Hamirpur (1.74) and constraints and mountainous terrain of the state may Kasumpti tahsil (1.90). It becomes clear from this be some of the important factors responsible for the analysis that in half of urbanised tahsils/sub-tahsils Low degree of urban development.

MAP 36

CHANGE IN URBAN POPULATION (1961-71)

This map shows percentage change in urban and Theog tahsils is below 15.00 percent. Hamirptir, population during 1961"':""71 by choropleth at tahsil/ Ghamarwin, Kasumpti and Pachhad tahsils have sub-tahsil level. The percentage increase or decrease appeared on the urban horizon of the state for the first in urban popUlation is calculated for each tahsil/sub time in 1971 Census. The following table gives com tahsil. These figures are thus grouped into four parative picture of urban population in 1961 and 1971 ranges on gain side and three on loss side as per the as well as growth rate : legend of the map. In tahsils where urban population appeared for the first time in 1971 Census have been Urban Population Percentage Slate/Tahsils/Sub·tahsiis ----.-- Increase( shown in black colour whije entirely rural tahsils/sub 19f1 1971 Decrease tahsils are left blank as displayed in the legend of 2 3 4 map. Chamba 8,609 11,814 +37 '23 Although growth rate of urban population during the decade 1961-71 is 35.68 percent against 23.04 for Bhatliyat 8,579 7,030 -18 '06 total population yet the percentage of urban popula Nurpur 3,405 4,251 +24 ·85 tion to total population has not increased by any signi Kangra 28,914 27,852 -3 ·67 ficant extent. The percentage of urban population to total population is 6.99 in 1971 Census against 6.34 in Palampur 6,116 2,539 -58 '49 1961. Despite the steady growth of urban population Hamirpur 3,671 in the state as a whole, some of the tahsils/sub-tahsils Una 5;166 10,338 +100'12 reveal a staggering variation ih the growth rates. Jogindar Nagar Sunder Nagar tahsil (268.45 percent) shows' highest 2,719 4,004 +47 ·26 increase in urban population, which may be due to the MandiSadar 13,034 22,897 +75 ·67 immigration of workers in Sundar Nagar town asso Sundar Nagar 5,782 21,304 +268 '45 ciated with the construction of B.S.L. Project. Mandi Kulu 4,886 10,758 +120·18 Sadar, Kulu, Paonta Sahib and Una tahsils fall within the purview of 75.01-125.00 percent increase. The high Ghamarwin 1,967 increase in urban population can be ascribed to the Bil aspur Sad ar 7,752 7,531 -2 '35 pmergence of new towns in these areas except Paonta Arki 1,221 1,352 +10·73 Sahib tahsil. In Chamba, Jogindar Nagar. Simla, Solan, Rampur and Nahan tahsils, the increase varies Rampur 2,079 2,623 +26·17 between 25.01·75.00 percent. The highest percentage Theog 1,536 1,328 -13 '54 increase in this range is recorded in Solan (54.17) and Kasumpli 664 lowest in Rampur tahsil (26.17). The minimum in· creaSe in urban population is observed in Arki (10.73) Solan 6,564 10,120 +54 ·17 followed by Nalagarh (18.57) and Nurpur tahsil (24.85 Simla 44,084 56,659 +28 ·53 percent). Kandaghat 10,101 S,Se2 -12-36 Against this increase as many as six tahsils ex NaJagarh 3,096 3,671 +18· 57 perienced decline in their urban popuiation. The maxi Pachhad 1,006 mum loss in urban population is registered in Palam· Nahan 12,439 16,017 +28 ·76 pur (58.49 per cent) foHowed by Bhattiyat tahsil (18.06) Paonia Sahib while this loss In Kangra, Bilaspur Sadar, Kandaghat 1,833 3,692 +101 '42

MAP 37

RURAL POPULATION (1971)

This map shows the proportion of rural population the state assume an arc like shape stretching from to total popUlation in each tahsil/sub-tahsil of the Rainka, ShiIliii aM Rajgarh sub-tahsils in Sirmaur state. Percentage of rural population to total popu district to Brahmaur and Chaurah tahsils in Chamba lation is grouped into four ranges as per the legend of district continuously. Apart from this belt, other the map. completely rural tahsilslsub-tahsils are Dera Gopipur, Amb, Barsar in Kangra, Sarkaghat, Karsog, Chichot Map at a first glimpse reveals that overwhelm tahsils in Mahdi ahd Nirmahd, Ani and Banjar ing proportion of population dwells in rural areas tahsils of Kulu district. The percentage of rural which comes to 93.01 percent of the total population: population to total population in rest of fahsils/sub The entirely rural areas in the interior portion of tahsils (24) varies between 98.87 in Palampur and 150 21.31 in Simla sub-tahsil. The reason for lowest 90.00-99.99 percent. The next range of 80.00-89.99 percentage of rural population in Simla sub-tahsil percent accounts for 11 tahsils/sub-tahsils. The ·can be ascribed to the location of biggest Simla Town proportion of rural population in Sundar Nagar, in its jurisdiction. In 13 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the Solan, Simla and Nahan tahsils is below 80.00 ~proportion of rural population varies between percent.

~AP 38

URBAN CONCENTRATION (1971)

This map reflects the pattern of urban concen larger parts of the state may be some of the impor tration in the state. Towns are classified according tant factors for this situation. The small pockets of io the size of population as displayed in the legend. medium high agglomeration of urban population (above 'They are then plotted by spheres at their locations 20 percent) are visible in the vicinity of Sundar proportionate to size of population. Tahsil/sub Nagar, Simla, Solan and Nahan towns. Each of tahsilwise percentage figures of urban population these pockets are engulfed success!vely by enlongat are plotted in centre of each tahsil and then isopleths ed troughs of lower concentration of urbanJ popUla .:are interpolated at suitable intervals. The interven tion ranging frOni 5.00 to 20.00 percent. Besides ing space between two isopleths is hatched according these area.s, another segment in this belt with con to the gradation of values as per the legnd. centratiOn of urban population 10-15 percent is located in the north·western part embracing partly Urban centres in Himachal Pradesh are mostly Kangra, Chamba and Bhattiyat tahsils. 'This seg concentrated in a belt extending in south-western ment is further surrounded by narrow strip of lesser :parts of the state with a slight bulge intruding into concentration (5-10 percent). In remaining parts of the Kulu valley. The areas beyond this belt are belt, concentration of urban population is less than generally devoid of urban centres excepting Rampur 5 percent with the exception of Una tahsil, where tehsil in Mahasu district. The lack of industriali this concentration is above 5 percent. An isolated pocket zation, mountainous terrain! and inaccessibility to with concentration of urban population (below 5 per cent) is also visible in Rampur tahsil.

MAP 39

GROWTH OF URBAN POPULATION (1001-71)

This map depicts growth of urban population in the same period. From 1921 onwards, urban popu -each district during 1901-71. The proportion of lation has increased. at a iow pace uptb 1941 when it popUlation living in towns of various sizes of each was 86,099. But in the fonowing decade, viz., 1941-

MAP 40

DEGREE OF URBANISATION (1971)

This map depicts the extent of influenCe of towns are felt. Towns have been classified into six over peripherial are\ls. Towns are shown by cir~les classes according to size of population. The rural representing the distances upto which urban impacts areas which are beyond the reach of urban impact are shown in light yellow colour. 151 A glance at the map reveals that degree of ing rural areas. Class III and IV claim 6 towns, urbanization is low and uneven in the -~tate. The these towns exert considerable impact on socio-econo largest towns numbering 21 belong to class VI mic conditioI\S of neighbouring areas upto a dis (below 5,000). These towns are scattered in south tance of 10 Km. Simla is the only largest town in the western and central parts of Himachal Pradesh. state which belbngs to class II. Simla town has in These small towns exhibit very insignificlant influ fluenced to a great extent surrounding villages and ence on their surrounding areas. Seven towns fall its satellite towns, the economy of which is in Class V (5,000-9,999) and their influence is ex . dependent on it. This influence is experienced upt(} perienced upto a distance of 5 Km in the surround- a distance of 20 Km around this urban centre.

MAP 41

FUNCTIONS OF CLASS II, III AND 1V1URBAN CENTRES (1971)

This map depicts the distribution of Towns with then third important activity is taken int(} population of 10,000--99,999 accorging to their pre account and such town is designated as mul dominant functional character in 1971. ti-functional toWn, i.e., industry-cum-service cum-commercial or primary etc. For this map, nine industrial categories of 1971 Census have been grouped into six broad categories Towns are shown by circles proportionate to the' representing the six main functions of towns such as population size of class of towns. Predominant (i) primary, (ii) mining, (iii) industrial (iv) commer functional character of town is shown by sectoral cial (v) transport and (vi) services. Then for ~ach divisions of cir~es and distinc~ ootching has been of towns, the percentage of workers engaged in each used to show predominant functional character of of these six groups of economic activities to total towns as displayed in the index to the map. workers is worked out and, ac~rding to percentage v:alu~, the functional character of town is determined Simla is the only largest class II town in -On the basis of following principle : Himachal Pradesh, which claims about 22.89 percent of (a) I~ percentage of workers in anyone of the entire urban population. This town has a single theSe six broad categories is 40 percent Or functtonal characteristic \ confined to service and more of total workers in the town, it is desig. proportion of workers engaged in different services nated as monofunctional town, i.e., indus is 55.17 percent of total workers. Sundar Nagar trial or primary or mining town. falls in class III and is also of monofunctional character performing industrial occupations. In (b) If percentage of workers is less than ,40 per , this town, about three fourth of workers are mainly cent in this occupation, then next predomi engaged an constructional aetivity associat~d with nant industrial category is taken into consi the implementation of B. S. L. Project. Out of deration and if total of these two first cate 5 class IV towns Mandi, Chamba, Dharamsala and gories comes to 60 percent or more, the town Nahan towns are service towns and these towns are is designated as bi-functional, viz., industry administrative headquarters of districts. Solan is the cum-service or mining-cum-primary. activi- only town in this class, which has two functional ties town. i I characteristics, viz., industry-cum-services. The (c)) If combined percentage of first two following statement gives townwise percentage of predominant functions is below 60 percent, workers in different industrial categories :

Percentage Of workers in

------Primary Mining Industrial Commercial Transport Services 2 3 4 5 6 7 Class II Towns _,...;.,_,_,--.----~------Simla 4·08 13'49 16·67 10'59 55-17 Class mTowns Sun~ar Nagar 6·58 74·52 5-87 1-83 11'20 Class IV Towns

Mandi 5 ·87 0'27 20'18 19 '33 11·88 42-47 Nahan HI 0'02 32'32 12'63 6·96 42-46 Chamba 8·09 0'06 18 ·81 17-67 7·05 48'32 Dharamsala 14·04 0·03 17-40 13-89 4-6S 49'99 Solan 5-59 --- - 0·00 30'59 17·90 9 '51 36'35 MAP 42 , FUNCTIONS OF CLASS V AND VI URBAN CENTRES (1971)

This map shows the distribution of towns with The method adopted for this' map is the same as popUlation of less than 10,000 according to their func discussed in previous map 41. tional character 1971.

152 There are in all 28 towns in the state with popu primary activities and_Pandoh is the only industrial tation below 10,000 persons. Of these towns, 7.pe: town. Among the bi-functional towns, Kulu, Nurpur tain to class V and remaining towns (21) fall wIthm and Nalagarh and service-cum-industry towns,.3 are the purview of class VI. Out of them 15 are mon<; trade are commerce-cum-service towns, 2 pn~ar.y functional towns, 9 hi-functional and 4 are multI activity-cum-service while one town (Manah) IS. functional towns. Among monofunctional towns, .12 classified as industry-cum-trade and commer.ce town. are predominantly service towns and two to:vns VIZ., Nagrota-Bagwan, Una, Dhalli an.d :aonta SahIb towns Ghamarwin and Santokhgarh are charactensed by have multifunctional charactenstIcs.

MAP 43

IN-MIGRANTS (1971)

This map portrays the proportion of in-migrants The maximum number of districts (4) falls i~ t~e to the total popuiation tby choropleth technique be ran e 30.01-36.00 and the same is in clOse ?rOXIm~ty sides reaecting the ratio of rural and urban in-mig to t~e state average (33.17). The proport~on of m rants to the total in-migrants with male and female migrants varies within this range from 3?38 ~n Kang~a divisions in each: district. to 35.56 in Bilaspur. The ratio. of Ill-mIgrants In Mandi is 32.10 and in Sirmaur it IS 35.35. The cons The total number of in-migrants is shown by a truction of hydro-electric projects .see~s to have proportionate circle which is divided into two sec drawn a considerable number of m-mlgrants to tors rural and urban with male and female divisions. these districts. The percentage figures of in-migrants to the total population are grouped into three ranges and the There are three districts in the lowest range district falling in each range are shaded differently. below 30.01 percent. These are Kinnaur (27.49), Kulu (25.15) and Chamba (24.48). In Simla, Lahul & Spiti and Mahasu, the per centage of in-migrants to total population is above Female in-migrants outnumber male in-migrants. 36. The highest and lowest values are 48.86 in Simla in rural areas excepting the districts of Kinnaur and district and 36.90 in Mahasu district, The proportion Lahul & Spill. This proportion is highest in Kangra of in-migrants in Lahul & Spiti district is 43.43 percent. (73.85) and, lowest in Simla (38.31). The main factor In Simla district, the high percentage of in-migrants behind this type of in-migration seems to be the pre seems to be mainly uue to Simla which houses the ference of people to marry from outside the place of state capital/and numerous central gOvernment offices, birth. In urban areas, the proportion of male in besides being an educational centre. In Lahul & migrants is higher except in Kangra. The variations Spiti district, it may be on account of the influx of in the highest and lowest values of male in-migrants: workers engaged in the construction of roads and are between 27.61 in Simla and 3.11 in Kangra. other development work. Development of horticul ture during the last aecade in Mahasu district has This map illustrates mobility caused more by led to an inflow of people engaged in development social and cultural factors than economic. The state and maintenance of orchards. ment shows the proportion of in,migrants in urban: and rural areas as well as to total population. In·migrants by sex and place of birth (1971)

Rural StatefDistricts Total Percentage ------Urban of In-mig In ------rants in migrants Males Females district to Males Females its total ------1971 2 ------4 5 6 7

Himachal. ------~------Prade,h .. 1,147,757 259,107 (22 '57) 740,636 (64 '53) 86,066 Chamba (7 '50) 61,948 (5 '40) 33 '17 82,483 21,353 (25 '89) 51,688 (62-67) 5,141 Kangra (6,23) 4,301 (5 '21) 24 ,48 403,190 79,904 (19 '82) 297,741 (73 ·8?) 12,542 Mandi (3 '11) 13,003 (3 '22) 30 ·38 165,384 30,734 (18 '58) 103,721 (62 '72) 19,517 Kulu (11 '80) 11,412 (6 '90) 32 ·10 48,390 13,067 (27 '00) 28,290 (58 '46) 4,353 (9,00) LahUl & Spiti 2,680 (5 '54) 25 ·15 10,223 5,553 (54-32) 1·,670 (45 ,68) Bilaspur 43 '43 69,259 13,519 fl9 '52) 50,463 (72 ·86) 2,956 Mahasu (4,27) 2,321 (3 '35) 35 ·56 162,414 48,902/ (30 ·11) 102,E02 (63 ·17) 6,857 Simla (4 ·22) 4,053 (2 '50) 36 ·90· 106,087 .~~2 (15 '95) 40,639 (38 '31) 29,295 Sirmaur (27061) 19,231 (18 ·13) 48'86 86,626 22,135 (25 '55) 54,139 (62 '50) 5,405 Kinnallr (6 '24) (·\,947) (; '71) 35 '35 13,701 7,018 (51·22) 6,683 (48 ·78) ..___ 27 '49 ---Note :-Figures in the brackets shoW percentage. Source :-TableD.J.

153 MAP 44

INTER-DISTRICT MIGRATION

The data for net migrants (in-migrants minus Spiti and 51.70 percent in Kinnaur. The percentage (lut-migrants) has been processed for each district. values of urban in-migration deviate between 2.54 The percentage values of net migrants to the total percent in Kangra and 18.95 percent in MandL The population are grouped into five categorieSi-three proportion of rural out-migrants is very high com showing net gain and two showing net loss of mig pared to urban out-migrants. The lower proportion rants. Accordingly, the districts are shaded in dif of urban in-migrants and out-migrants appears to be ferent grades. Circles proportionate to gross migrants associated with the low degree of urbanization in the (in-migrants plus cut-migrants) are drawn in each state. district which are divided into two sectors represent- The following statement gives the volume of in ing in-migrants and out-migrants. Again these sec· migrants and out-migrants as well as proportion f)f tors are sub-divided to show rural and urban in net-migrants to the total population. migrants and out-migrants. In most of the districts of the state, in-migrants Percentage of net- .are surplus over out-migrants, thereby giving a net Districts In- Out- Net- migrants .gain of migrants. In Simla, the percentage gain of migrants migrants migrants to total population net migrants to the total population is highest (7.67). ------~------'The lowest is reQorded in Mandi (0.38). The largest 2 4 5 number of districts (4) falls in the range of 0.51-2.00 percent gain. In Chamba and Mandi, the percentage ------~------gain is below 0.51. Chamba 8,276 6,997 t l ,279 to'50 The outflow of popUlation is greater than inflow Kangra 20,586 45,098 -24,512 -1·85

in Kangra, Bilaspur and Lahul & Spiti districts. Mandi 23,078 21,102 tl,~76 to ·38 The percentage of net migrants loss to the total popu- Kulu 10,158 7,292 t2,866 tl'49 1ation is highest in LahUl & Spiti (6.75) followed by Kangra (1.85) and Bilaspur (1.20). Out-migration Lahul & Spiti 1,353 2,942 -1,589 -6·75 of population is mostly attributable to lack of em- Bilaspur 13,335 15,681 -2,346 -1·20 "ployment opportunities in Lahul & Spiti. Mahasu 27,235 24,368 t2,867 to·65 In-migration and out-migration. have been more Simla 31,785 15,123 t 16,662 t7·67 to and from rural areas as compared to urban areas Sirmaur 7,146 4,60~ t2,537 tH14 except in Simla. In other districts, variation in rural Kinnaur 3,957 3,696 t260 to·52 in-migration is between 31.5 percent in Lahul &

MAP 45

MIGRANTS RESIDING UP TO 4 YEARS (1971)

This map reflects the proportion of migrants re- Kinnaur, Lahul & Spiti and Mahasu. Among urban siding upto four years in:the place of enumeration to migrants, males exceeded females except in Kangra. total migrants in each district. The percentage of The execution of hydro-electric proj~cts, dis such migrants to.the total migrants is worked out for placement of people from river projects, new each district. The districts are grouped into tour settlement, civic and educational facilities, popu categories. Proportionate circles are inserted in all lation base, employment opportunities, marriages, the districts and are divided in two sectors according etc.., are some of the causes affecting the movement to the percentage values of rural and urban mig- of people in the state. The following statement gives rants. These sectors are further sub-divided to show the proportion of migrants residing upto 4 years to the percentage share of male and female migrants. total migrants. Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur are entirely rural and, State/Districts Migrants Percentage therefore, circles in these districts have been divided residing to total into rural male and female sectors. Ul}to 4 years migrants The proportion of migrants whose duration of 2 stay in the place of enumeration was upto four years Himachal------Prad~h 441,870 36 ';3 to total migrants is highest in Lahul & Spiti (68.78) followed by Kinnaur (58.05). However, in Chamha 43,436 48 ·84 terms of numerical strength of migrants, these dis Kangra 135,393 31'56 .tricts have been relegated to the last position among Mandi 63,687 36 '14 other districts. Percentage of migrants in Chamba Kulu and Kulu districts are 48. 84 ~d 46.69 respectively. 23,053 46 ·69 Mandi, Mahasu and Simla districts are in the lahul & Spiti 7,342 68 ·78 -range 35.01-45.00 percent. The variation in highest and Bilaspur 19,431 27 '48 lowest values of migrants in this category is between Mabasu 63,256 37 '56 "36.14 and 39.26 percent. The percentage of migrants ,to the total migrants in Kangra and Bilaspur districts Simla 41,995 39 ·26 is below 35.01. Sirmaur 35,909 37 ·90 Generally, the proportion of female migrants is Kinnaur 8,366 58·05 higher than male migrants in rural area, except in Source :-Table D-ll. 154 MAP 46

MIGRANTS RESIDING 5 TO 9 YEARS (1971)

ThiS map shows the proportion of migrants resh:l umeration was five to nine years, Kangra (56,336) jng in the place of enumeration from five to nine comes first in this category followed by Mandi years to the total migrants in each district. (29,929), Mahasu (22,679), Simla (15 ;669), Sirmaur (12,849) and Chamba (12,253). The percentage is The percentages of such migrants are grouped highest in Mandi (16,98) followed by Kulu (15.63). lnto four ranges as shown in legend. Circles propor Chamba, Bilaspur, Sirmaur and Simla fall in the tionate to the total migrants (with duration of resi range of 13.51-15.00 percent. The variation in this dence 5 to 9 years) are drawn in each district and are range is between 13.56 in Sirmaur and 14.68 in Simla. divided into two sectors showing rural and urban Kinnaur (11.68) and Lahul & Spiti (6.78) account migrants. These two sectors are further suh-divided for the lowest proportion. to show the share of male and female migrants in rural and urban areas. Female migrants exceed male migrants both in Migrants numbering 170,084 were recorded in the rural and urban areas in all the districts with the ex ,state whose duration of residence in the place of en- ception of urban migrants in Kangra district.

MAP 47

MIGRANTS RESIDING 10 YEARS AND ABOVE (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of migrants 15 highest in Lahul & Spiti (83,94) and lowest is in -residing for ten Iyears and above in the place of enu Simla (50.80). In respect of urban male migrants, a meration to total migrants in each district., The per sharp imbalance is recorded in Simla (males 22.30 centages are grouped into four ranges as shown in and females 13.82). In other districts, urban female the legeng. Circles proportionate to total migrants migrants outnumber males by a narrow margin. with duration of residence ten years and above are drawn in each district and are divided into two sec The statement below gives the volume and pro tors showing rural and urban migrants. TIiey are portion of migrants in this category. 'sub-divided by sex.

As many as 581,858 persons were involved in MigrantS Percentage movement from one place to another in the state residing to total StatelDistricts from 10 years migrants whose duration of residence in the place of enumera and abrve tion was ten years and above. IKangra shares largest number of such migrants (231,954) followed by ------:Mahasu (80,105), Mandi (79,637), Simla (47,550), Sir 2 3 maur (44,673), Bilaspur (40,764) and Chamba (32,608). ------..._--.--.---- Himachal Pradesb 581,858 48 '11 The pertentage of such migrants to the Ito tal mig rants is highest in Bilaspur district (57.65) followed Chamba 32,608 36 ·66 :by Kangra (54.07). The range 42.01-52.00 On the map Kangra 231,954 54-07 accounts for Mandi, Mahasu, Sirmaur and Simla. Mandi 79,637 45·19 The variation in the proportion of migrants within Kulu 17,604 this range is between 45.1~ in Mandi and 47.56 in 35 ·66 Mahasu. In Sirmaur and Simla, proportions of mig Lahul & Spiti 2,602 24 ·37 rants are 47.14 and 44.46 respectively. Bilaspur 40,764 57 '65 Chamba and Kulu fall in the range of 32.01- Mahasu 80,105 47 '56 42.00. The lowest percentage is in Lahul '& Spiti Simla 47,550 (24.37) and Kinnaur (00.26). 4~'46 Sirmaur 44,673 47 ·14 The percentage of rural female migrants to Kinnaur 4,361 total migrants (with duration of ten years and above) 30'26 Source ;·Table D·II.

MAP 48

CLASSIFICATION, OF WORKING MIGRANTS (1971)

This map shows the ecolomic activities of male migrants engaged in various categories, The percent and female working migrants in each district. Pyra age and absolute scales to indicate the share ,of male mids are drawn to shQw the size of working mig and female working migrants in various industrial rants in the nine census industrial categories in each categories are drawn above and below the diagrams district. Industrial categories are indicated by roman respectively. Three different hatchings have been figures in between two vertical parallel lines of the used to differentiate economic activities under pri pyramids. The bars on the left side depict male mary, secondary and tertiary sectors as shown in the working migrants and on the right female working index of the map.

155 Migrants employed in the primary sector consti lowest percentage o! female cultivators to total wor tute 67.88 percent of the total working migrants in ing migrants is recorded in Simla (16.94) and the' the state. The tertiary sector employs 20.40 percent highest in Bila,spur (64.69). Male participation rate while secondary sector absorbs 11.63 percent of the in cultivation is comparatively low. total working migrants, in the state. The participa Male working migrants in the secondary sector tion rate of female working migrants in the category constitute 10.51 percent and female workers account of cultivators of the primary sector is considerably for 1.12 percent of the total working mig high; it is almost double of male cultivators in the rants, in the state. The percentage of male workers state. Construction is the dominant economic acti in the secondary activities is the highest in Lahul & vity in the secondary sector employing about 6.99 per Spiti (27.89) followed by Mandi (17.62), Sirmaur cent. In the tertiary sector, services account for i.70), Kinnaur (14.32) and Simla (11.21). Female 14.34 percent of the total working migrants in the participation rate in secondary activitie!l is the highest state. again in Lahul & Spiti (10.29) followed by Kulu district (2.12). The larger proportion of workers in The proportion of migrants engaged in primary the secondary sector is employed in con,struction. activities is predominantly high in all the districts This is because of the' construction of dams and roads except Simla and Lahul & Spiti while this is 35.52 in the state, and 36.67 percent to total working migrants respec tively.. In other districts, the percentage of working Male workers in the tertiary ,sector form about migrants varies from 53.20 in Kinnaur to 82.71 in 18.66 percent while female workers in this sector Bilaspur. More than three-fourth of working mig constitute 1.83 percent of the total working migrants rants are engaged in primary activities in Chamba, in the state. The percentage of male migrants in the Mahasu and Bilaspur districts. 1l,l Kangra, Mandi, tertiary activities is the highe~t in Simla (48.09) fol Kulu and ,8irmaur di,stricts, this proportion ranges lowed by Kinnaur (29.67), Lahul & Spiti (23.40)'

between 65 and 70. I Cultivation is the/major activity and Kulu (20.36). The proportion of female working of working migrants in the primary sector and male migrants to total working migrants is comparatively ~nd female cultivators together constitute 58.74 per very low. Services account for a larger share of work- cent of the total working .migrants' in the state. The ing migrants.

MAP 49

MrGRANTS CLASSIFIED BY AGE· GROUPs AND MARITAL STATUS (1971)

This map shows the distribution of migrants by counted in age-group 25-29 followed by age-group broad age-groups and marital status in each district 50+ (217, 169) and 0-14 (173,627). The lowest num of the state. ber ()f migrants (121, 672) are recorded in age-group 15-19, whereas age-grlOup 20-24 claims 162,184 mig Six bars proportionate to total migrants in each rants in the state. Similar distributional pattern of age-group 0-14, 15-19, 20-24, 24-49, 50 +, and age not migrants by broad age-groups is observed in all dis stated are drawn in each district. These bars are then tricts of the state except Kulu. In Kulu district, mini divided into three segments according to the propor mum number of migrants is recorded in age-group tion of unmarried, married and widowed or divorced 0-14 against the age-group 15-19 in other districts. migrants as shown in the index of the map. On the The proportion of married migrants in age-group left of bar diagram, a )scale line showing the absolute 0.14 is very small and it increases rapidly in successive number of migrants is drawn. Migrants whose ages are age-groups. The strength of never married migrants not stated are negligible in all districts. is the lowest in age-group 50+ followed by age-group 25.:.49. The proportion of widowed lOr divorced mig~. Out of 1,209,492 total migrants in Himachal Pra rants is higher in' last two age-groups while in other' desh, the largest number of migrants (534,805) are age-groups it is almostl negligible.

MAP 50

LAND UTILIZATION (1970.71)

This map shows the pattern of land utilization in district are further sub-divided to show net area irri each district of the state as in 1970"71. The land use gated and area sown more than once. in each distridt is classified into 8 sub-classes such as (i) net area ,sown (ii) current fallows (iii) culturable In Himachal Pradesh, total reported area stands waste (iv) fallow lands other than current fallows (v) 2,932,458 hectares in 1970-71 which is about 52 per area not available for cultivation (vi) permanant pas cent of total geographical area of the state. Net sown tures and other grazing lands and (vii) forests. The area is 18.63 percent (546,349) hectares) while cur pattern of land-use is shown by pie-diagrams .. Circles rent fallows constitute 1.99 percent of the total re proportionate to the total reported area according to ported area in the state. The fallow lands other village papers are drawn in each district. These cir than current fallows form only 0.08 percent. The' cles are then divided into 8 sectors according to the percentage of culturable waste lands to total reported percentage share of land under each of above uses. area is 5.72. It is evident that actually farmed and The sectors have been hatched as shown in the legend utilisable farming lands together is only 26.42 per IOf map. The sec~ors showing net area sown in each cent IOf the total reported area. On the other hand, 156 area not available for cultivation and permanent pas (20.65 percent) closely followed by Simla (19.54 per ture and other grazing land in 9.92 percent (290,B49 cent) and minimum percentage of this is found in hectares) and 40.51 percent (1,188,007 hectares) of total Chamba district (1.93 percent). Permanent pas reported area respectively. Land under miscellaneous tures and other grazing lands occupy extraordinarily tree crops and grooves is 1.39 percent whereas high proportion of reported area in Chamba (BO.54 rorests claim 21.76 percent of total reported area in percent) and Mahasu district (45.99 percent). The the state. In this way, overwhelming proportion of lowest percentage of lands under permanent pastures reported area is appropriated by non-farming uses and grazing lands is claimed by Kangra (2.71) and (73.53 percent) in the state. Kinnaur (10.94), while no area is reported under this category in Kulu district. Land under miscellaneous The percentage of net area sown is highest in tree crops and grooves not included in area sown is Kulu (69.93) followed by Kinnaur (57.69) and lowest 16.62 percent in Sirmaur, 2.56 percent in Lahul & is recorded in the hilly Chamba district (4.47). The Spiti and 1.27 in Kulu district, while in other dis proportion of current fallow varies between 0.26 per tricts this use does not claim any significant place. The cent in Chamba and 8.97 in Kinnaur district, while land under forests is highest in Mandi (37.32 percent) the percentage of fallow lands others than current closely followed by Kangra (32.94 percent) and fallows is insignificant in all districts of the state. Sirmaur district (20.BO 'percent). The percentage of The variation in culturable waste lands is between area under forests is lowest in Kinnaur (0.13) and 0.66 percent in Chamba and 13.53 percent of total Simla district (B.91), while no area: is recorded under reported area in Kangra district. forests in Kulu and Lahul & Spiti districts. The proportion of area not available for cultiva tion to total reported area is maximum in Kangra Source :-Dir~ctorate of Land Records, Himachal Pradesh.

MAP 51

INTENSITY OF CROPPING (1970-71)

This map depicts intensity of cropping in each (below 134.01) is observed in snow covered areas of tahsil/sub-tahsil. of the state during 1970-71. Inten Lahul & Spiti district, Hangrang, Poo and SangIa sity of cropping indicates the farming level for ob tahsils of Kinnaur and Kotkhai sub-tahsil of Mahasu taining maximum output from particular piece of district. The highest and lowest values in thisjrnnge land by raising crops more than once in a year. The are in Hangrang (132.90) and Spiti tahsil (100.00) intensity index is calculated by working out respectively. gross area sown -----x 100 for each tahsil/sub-thasil. Inten The following table gives districtwise intensity net area sown of cropping during 1970-71. sity indices thus obtained are grouped into six ranges as shown in the index of the map Net Area Area sown Total Intensity sown (in more than Gross Index During 1970-71, the area sown more than once is State/Districts Hectares) once (in a rea sown 365,393 hectares out of total net sown area of 546,349, Hectares) (in Hect hectares in the state. The intensity of cropping is ares) very high in Himachal Pradesh (166.88), This high 2 4 5 intensity of cropping in the state may he due to the ------heavy pressure of population On limited arable land, HImachal Pradesh .. 546,349 365,393 911,742 166 '88 which constitutes only tbout 19 percent of the total Chamba 39,783 20,695 60,478 152·02 reported area. As a result of limited arable land due Kangra 149,127 175 ·75 to mountainous terrain, cultivators have to raise as .. 196,855 345,982 many crops as po.ssibl~ from the patch of land in Mandi S5,430 60,807 146,237 171·18 order to sustain themselves. The highest intensity Kulu 33,051 17,721 50,772 153 '47 of cropping (above 182.(0) is recorded in Sarkaghat, Lahul & Spiti .. 2,231 169 2,400 107 ·58 Chaupal, Kangra, GharrnallWin, Shillai and Rainka tahsils. The variation in the intensity of cropping Bilaspur 29,824 22,403 52,227 175·12 in Palampur, Dera Gopipur, Hamirpur, Barsar tahsils Mahasu 80,530 44,560 125,090 155 ·33 of Kangra and Rajgarh, Pachhad and Paonta Sahib Simla 2S,71)4 16,201 44,995 156 ·27 of Sirmaur district is between 170.01-182.00. Maxi mum number of tah:sils/sub-tahsils (13) falls in each Sirmaur 41,722 30,785 72,507 174 ·26 range of 15B.01-170.qO and 146.01-15B.O'O. In B tah Kinnaur 8,129 2,925 11,054 135 ,98 sils/sub-tahsils, intensity of cropping varies between 134.01-146.00. The lowest intensity of Cll'opping Source :-Directorate of Land Records, HimaChal Pr~desh.

MAP 52

MAJOR CEREALS (1970-71) (RICE, WHEAT AND MILLETS)

This map portrays the distribution of area in dots of different colours, each dot represents 400 hectares under major food crops viz. rice, wheat and heCltares as shown in the legend of the map. millets in each tahsil/sub-tahsil of the state during Ric~.-Rice cultivation is third important crop 1970-71. The distribution of each crop is shown by among the cereals in the state, which occupies 11.39 157 percent (103.869 hectares) of the total cropped area. ,barley, common millets and little millets, kodo, bajra Rice cultivation is not only confined to river valleys and jo~ar etc. Area under millets is 36.86 percent but also on terraced fields in ~plands. Most (336,033 hectares) of total cropped area in the state. important rice growing area is concentrated in the Of these millets, maize is extensively cultivated in valley of Beas river embracing Kangra, Palampur, the state and area under this crop is 257,255 hectares. Dera Gopipur, Hamirpur tahsils of Kangra district Barley, ragi and common millets are grown on compara and Jogindar Nagar, Mandi Sadar and Sarkaghat tively smaller scale, whereas area under jowar and tahsil of Mandi district. This area accounts for bajra is :negligible. more than 50 percent of area under rice in the The following statement shows area under state. In other parts, rice cultivating areas are different cereals in each district of the state during scattered in distribution and its cultivation ,is limited 1970-71. to the valleys of rivers or streams. Rice growing area receives sufficient rainfall during the monsoon season, Area under major cereals in hectares which is supplemented by 'Kuhl' irrigatiion. About State/Districts Rice Wheat Millets 50 percent of rice growing area receives irrigation mainly from 'Kuhls'. Rice crop is not raised in Lahul 2 3 4 & Spiti district, while area under rice in Kinnaur Himachal Prndesb is insignificant due to climatic factor and rugged 103,869 317,672 336,033 terrain of these districts. Chamba 3,401 14,986 35,190 Wheat:-Wheat is second important crop occupy Kangra 48,80.5 134,604 102,390 ing about 34.84 percent (317,672 hectares) of total Mandi 29,281 52,513 50,900 cropped area. Area under wheat is highest in Kangra Kulu 3,634 16,126 21,220 (134,604 hectares) followed by Mandi (52,513 hectares) and Mahasu district (38,748). The lowest area under Lahul & Spiti 489 1,356 wheat cultivation is recorded in Lahul & Spiti Bilaspur 3,929 19,068 21,565 (489 hectares) followed by Kinnaur district (1,584). Mahasu 7,523 38,748 50,934 It is mostly non-irrigated crop and 54,029 hectare~ receive irrigation from different sources out of total Simla 2,365 13,562 15,358 !Ire a under wheat in the state. Sirmaur 4,90J 26,022 28,647 Kinnaur Millets: -Millets flourish in hot and fairly dry 30 1,554 8,473 climate. Millets of the state mainly include maize, Source: Directorate of Land Records, Himachal Pradesh.

MAP 53

PULSES AND OILSEEDS (1970-71)

This map shows the distribution of area in Sirmaur, Chaurah and Chamba tahsils of Chamba hectares under pulses (including gram) and oil-seeds ~istrict and Joginder Nagar tqhsil of Mandi district. in each tahsil/sub-tahsil of the state during 1970-71 These tahsils together account for more than 80 per The distribution of pulses and oil-seeds is shown by cent of total area under oil-seeds in the state. In dots, each dot representing 100 hectares as shown in other areas, cultivation of oil-seeds is not much the legend. undertaken.

Pulses: - Pulses include black gram or urd The follOwing table gives districtwise distribution (Mash), green gram or mung, red gram or tur (Arhar) of pulses and oil-seeds in hectares during 1970-71:- horse ,gram, masur, gram and other miscellaneous pu~~s; Area under different pulses during 1970-:-71 is Area under pulses and oil-seeds in hectares 71,724 hectares, which forms about 7.87 percent of total cropped area. Of these pulses, black gram (Mash) is extensively grown in the state, whereas gram is primarily cultivated in Kangra, Bilaspur, State/Districts Pubes Oilsecds Simla and Sirmaur districts. Other pulses 1!re grown 'on very small scale in various parts of the state. Most of the pulses are grown alongwith other Himacbal Prade~h 71,724 22,219 crops by inter-culture method and major 'pulses Chamba 3,560 2,275 producing area is concentrated in western part of the state, embracing Kangra and Bilaspur districts Kangra 31,665 14,373 and Nalagarh tahsil of Si~la district. Cultivation of Mandi 5,796 910 pulses is restricted to higl} altitude area by extreme Kulu 3,161 462 cold climatic conditions. Lahul & Spiti 175 30

Oil-Seeds: -Main Oil-seeds grown in the state Bilaspur 6,196 661 include mustard, sesamum, groundnut, rape and Mahasu 7,749 359 linseed. The area under oil-seeds constitutes only Simla 7,869 2,158 2.44 percent (22,219 hectares) of total cropped area Sirmaur during 1970-71 in the state. The most important 5,270 987 oil-seeds cultivating area is concentrated in Nurpur, Kinnaur 283 4 Palampur, Kangra, Dera Gopipur tahsils of Kangra, Nalagarh tahsil of Simla, Paonta Sahib tahsil of Source: Directorate of Land Records, Himachal Pradesh.

158 MAP 54

COMMERCIAL CROPS (1970-71)

This map depicts the distribution of main com Paonta Sahib tahsils of Sirmaur district. These tah mercial crops such as potatoes, apples, ginger and tea sils together account for about 80 percent (1,438 hec at tahsilfsub-tahsillevel in the state during 1970-71. tares) of total area (1,835 hectares) under ginger culti The distribution of crops has been shown by dots of vatior: in the state. different colours as shown in the legend each dot re 'presenting 50 hectares. Tea : -Tea plantation is mainly concentrated in Pal am pur and Kangra tahsils of Kangra distrist and Potatoes: -Potato is important cash crop of the Jogindar Nagar tab,sil of Mandi district. Slopes of the state and most of the produce is exported to other Palampur valley alone occupies 2,995 hectares under states for seedling purpose. Total area under this tea cultivation out of 3,935 hectares of area under tea crop during 1970-71 is 15,981 hectares of which about cultivation in the state. '60 percent is concentrated in Rohru, Theog, Kotkhai, Jubbal, Rampur, ChaupaI, Kasumpti and Kumharsairi The fonowing statement shows districtwise area tehsils of Mahasu district. Other important potato under each crop during 1970-71. growing areas are distributed in Chichot, 'Karsog, Jogindar Nal~ar and Sundar Nagar tahsils of Mandi, Area Under Commercial Crops in bectares Kangra and Palampur tahsils of Kangra and western parts of Kulu district. Potato is almost cultivated in Apples Ginger Tea .all districts of the state except Bnaspur district. State/Districts Potatoes ----.- ~---- 2 4 5 Apples : -This is another imp()rtant cash crop occupying 9,129 hectares during 1970-71 in the state. Himachal Pradesb 15,981 9,lUl 1,835 3,935 The greatest concentration of apple plantations is Chamba 512 201 found in Mahasu district accounting for about half of Kangra 2 9 3,396 t~e area under apple plantations, Apart from Mahasu !.292 'district, apple plantation is intensely distributed in Mandi 1,575 2,712 2 539 Karsog, Chichot and part of Mandi Sadar tahsil in Kulu 1,183 1,080 'Mandi district, Kulu and Parvati valleys and south 252 western parts of Kulu district. Apple producing area Lahul & Spltl forms contiguous belt stretching from Ktilu valley to ~i1aspur 7 53 north-eastern part of Sirmaur district in central all.d Mahasu 9,730 4,526 106 'south-eastern portion of the state. Simla 341 227 Ginger: -Ginger cultivation is gaining its popula. Sirmaur 803 536 1,438 ritv among the farmers due to increase in market Klnnaur 286 69 value of this produce. Ginger CUltivation is mainly confined to Rajgarh, Rainka, Pachhad, Shillai and Source :.Directorate of Land Records, HImachal Pradesh.

MAP 5~

, YIELD PER HECTARE OF RICE, WHEA',f, MILl-ETS l\ND: PUJ.,SES (1971)

These four maps depict the yield (average of five observed, in Champa (746.21 l{g l fpl~qwed by Kangra years 1966-67 to 1970-71) of rice, wheat, millets and district (a26.59 Kg). pulses per hectare in each district of the state. The yield per hectare for each of above cereals is worked Millets: -In Himachal Pradesh, the average yield out in Kg as an average of five years and their distri of millets (maize and barley) is 1,4p6.58 Kg per hec 'bution is shown by choropleth in four separate maps. tare. This yield exceeds 1,680 Kg in Chamba and Kulu districts. The maximum number of districts (4) Rice : -The average yield of rice in the state as a falls in the range of 1,380.01-1,680.00 Kg per hectare, whole works out to 1,127.14 Kg per hectare. This The variation in this range is between 1,383.85 Kg in yield per hectare exceeds 1,200 Kg in Mandi and Simla and 1,676.34 Kg. in Kinnaur district. In Kangra Kangra districts. In Chamba, Kulu, Bilaspur, Simla and Sirmaur districts, it varies between 1,080.01- and Kinnaur districts yield of rice ranges between 1,380.00 Kg whereas yield of millets per hectares is 1,100 and 1,200 Kg and is very close to the state below 1,080 Kg in Bilaspur andLahul & Spiti districts. average (1,127.14 Kg.) In other districts, excepting Lahul & Spiti where no rice cultivation is done, the Pulses:-The average yield of pulses (gram, mung, yield of rice per hectare is below 1,100 Kg. urd and masur) is 355.01 Kg per hectare lin the state as a whole. The highest yield of pulses is recorded Wheat : -The yield per hectare of wheat in Hima 533 Kg in Simla followed by 390.30 Kg in Kangra chal Pradesh comes to 918.92 Kg. The highest yield district. The variation in yield of pulses per hectare of wheat per hectare is recorded in Kinnaur (1,165,25 in Bilaspur, Kulu, Mandi and Sirmaur districts is Kg) followed by Mandi district (1,122.13 Kg). This between 325.01-375.00 Kg. The lowest yield of pulses yield varies between 900.01-970.00 Kg in Kulu, Mahasu is registered in Kinnaur (266.6 Kg) followed by and Sirmaur districts. In range of 830.01-900.00 Kg Mahasu (273.8 Kg) and Chamba district (324.2 Kg) per hectare comes BiJaspur, Simla and Lahul & Spiti per hectare. The following table indicates average districts. The lowest yield of wheat per ,hectare is yield of Y1l,rio1.(s crops districtwise in 1971..

159 Average yield in Kg per hectare

State/Districts Rice Wheat Millets, Pulses State/Districts Rice Wheat Millets Pulses

2 3 4 5 2 4 5 Himachal Pradesh ., 1,127 ·14 918'92 1,466'58 355 ·01 Chamba 1,118·17 746'21 1,763-30 324 ·20 BiIaspur .. 1,149-80 840 '58 1,027 ·28 352 ·70 Kangra 1,222-76 826 '59 1,234 ·84 390 '30 Mahasu .. 1,020 '23 926 '25 1,642 '19 273 ·80 Mandi 1,211 ·47 1,122'13 1,630 '81 327 ·50 Simla .. 1,133 ·61 834 '88 1,383 ·95 533 ·00 Kulu 1,103 ·13 947 ·23 2,088 ·85 360'80 Sirmaur .. 1,051'60 903 ·76 1,318 '24 366 '20 Lahul & Spi ti 876 ·35 900·00 Klnnaur .. 1,133 ·49 1,165 ·25 1,676 ·34 266 ·60

MAP 56

AREA UNDER mRIGATlON (1971)

This map portrays the percentage of net area irri percent. The highest percentage of irrigated area in' gated to total net area sown in each tahsil/sub-tahsil this range is in Karsog (8.16) and lowest is recorded' of the state. The percentage figures of net area irri in Rampur tahsil (4.04). Percentage of net area irrj-, gated to net sown area are calculated for each tahsil/ gated is below 4.01 percent in 11 tahsils/sub-tahsils .. sub-tahsil and figures thus obtained are grouped into The lowest proportion of irrigated area is recorded in five ranges as explained in the leg~nd of map. Brahmaur sub-tahsil (0.10 percent) followed by Kotkhai (0.42 percent). Net irrigated area by the various sources consti tutes 16.33 percent (89,237 hectares) of total net sown The following table gives district-wise percentage' area (546,349 hectares) in Himachal Pradesh. Lahul and area irrigated in 1971. & Spiti district has the highest proportion (100 per Net Area Irrigated cent) of net sown area irrigated followed by Hangrang sub-tahsil (99.69 percent), Morang (95.49 percent), Poo State/Districts Area Pecrentage (88.75 percent) and Kalpa tahsil (87.06 percent) of Irrigated to total (In hac.) net sown area Kinnaur district. The percentage of net area irrigated is also high in Sangla tahsil (44.63 percent) of Kinnaur and Pangi tahsil (49.40) of' Chamba district. Net area Himacbal Pradesb 89,237 16'33 sown in these hilly tahsils/sub-tahsils is very limited Chamba 3,929 9 ·88 which is utilized intensively by providing irrigation mainly through KubIs from spring and rivulets. Kangra 39,566 20 ·10 Mandl 13,396 15-68 The percentage of net area irrigated varies bet Kulu 2,524 7 ·64 ween 10.01-39.00 in Bhattiyat, Jogindar Nagar, Sarka ghat, Simla, Kandaghat, Rajgarh, Pachhad, Rainka and Lahul & Spiti 2,231 100 ·00 Shillai tahsils. The range of 9,01-19.00 percent covers Bilaspur 1,966 6·59' maximum number of tahsils (13). The variation in Mahasu 6,769 8 ·41 the highest and lowest percentage of irrigated area in Simla 4,939 17.15 this range is between 18.12 in Dera Gopipur and 10.40 percent in Bilaspur Sadar tahsil. Sirmaur 9,777 23·43 Kinnaur 4,140 50'93 The proportion of net irrigated area to net sown area varies in 12 tahsils/sub-tahsils between 4.01-9.00 Source :- Directorate of Land Recoros, Himachal P,adesh.

,MAP 57

GROSS VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER HECTARE OF CROPPED AREA (1970-71)

This map shows gross value of agricultural output each district. The districtwise figures of gross value per hectare of cropped area and proportionate share of agricultural output per hectare of cropped area are' of each crop to total gross value of output in each grouped into three ranges and districts falling in each district of the state during 1970-71. range are hatched as shown in the. legend of map., The proportionate Ishare of gross value of individual crops The gross value (in rupees) per hectare of crop to total gross value of crops are shown by heptagons ped area is obtained by dividing gross values accruing in each district. from average pro-duction (during 1966-67 to 1970-71) of agricultural crops such as cereals, pulses, oil-seeds, The gross value of agricultural, . output per hectare apples and other fruit crops by total cropped area for of cropped area works out to Rs. 1,119 in the state as

160 a whole. The highest value of agricultural output Kinnaur. This proportion varies between 63.32 per per hectare is recorded in Kulu (Rs. 2,461) followed cent in Chamba and 6.02 percent in Kinnaur district. by Mandi (Rs. 1,486) and Kinnaur district (Rs. 1,563). Second ranking crop in terms of value is wheat fol This high value of output per hectare is attributable lowed by rioe. The highest and lowest percentage of to the plantation crops particularly apples and other gross value of wheat to total gross value is 36.17 in fruit/> which have been started in a big way in these Kangra and 16.57 in Kulu d1strict respectively, In districts. The value of agricultural output per hectare Kulu and Kinnaur districts proportion of gross value in Mahasu, Sirmaur, Simla and Chamba districts of apples and other fruit crops to total gross value is varies between Rs. 851-1,250, while in Kangra and significantly high. Bilaspur districts it is below Rs. 851.

The percentage share of gross value of maize to Source : Directorate of Land Records, Himachal total gross value is highest in all districts, except Pradesh.

MAP 58

GROSS VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER CULTIVATING HOUSEHOLD' (1970-'71)

This map shows gross value of agricultural output ing household is recorded in Kulu (Rs. 2,553.10) fol (in rupees) per cultivating household in each district lowed by Mandi district (Rs. 2,166.72). This value of the state. Gross value of agricultural output (in varies between 1,300.01-2,100.00 rupees in Chamba, rupees) per cultivating household is obtained by divid Mahasu, Simla and Sirmaur districts. Kangra and ing the gross value accruing from cultivated crops Bilaspur districts fall in range of 900.01-1,300.00 (excluding plantation crops) by the total number of rupees. The lowest value of agricultural output per cultivating households for each district. The district cultivating household is recorded in Kinnaur district wise figures of gross value are arranged into fQur (Rs. 745.73). The gross value of agricultural output categories and districts falling in each range are hatch depends on fertility of soil, climate, terrain of land, ed differently as shown in the legend of map. .Lahul crop pattern and irrigation facilities etc. and variation . & Spiti district has been left blank due to the non in gross value per cultivating household reflects the availability of data of gross value in respect of this differences in these factors among the districts. district. Source: (i) DirectOrate of Land Records, Himachal The gross value of agricultural output per culti Pradesh. vating household is Rs. 1,555.33 in the state as a whole. The highest value of agricultural output per cultivat- (ii) Census, 1971.

MAP 59

GROSS VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT PER CULTIVATOR (1970-71)

This map depicts the gross value of agricultural during 1970-71. This value per cultivator exceeds 926 output (in rupees) per cultivator districtwise. in the rupees in Kangra, Mandi, and Kulu districts. The state during 1970·71. The gross value of agricultural largest number of districfs (4) falls in range of output in rupees per cultivator is calculated by divid Rs. 615.01-925.00. The highest and lowest values in ing gross value accruing from crops other than plan this range are in Sirmaur (Rs. 908.96) and Mahasu dis tation crops by total number of cultivators in each trict (Rs. 618.62) respectively. The lowest value of district. The figures thus obtained are grouped into agricultural output per cultivator is observed in three ranges and districts are shaded according to Kinnaur (Rs. 305.93) followed by Bilaspur district value as shown in the legend of map. Lahul & Spiti (Rs. 603.10). has been left blank due to non-availability of gross

v,IIue data. Source: (i) Directorate of Land Records, Himacha 1 Pradesh. In Himachal Pradesh, the gross value of agricul tural output per cultivator is Rs. 888.55 as a whole (ii) Census, 1971.

MAP 61

AGRICULTURAL HOLDING PER CULTFV ATJNG HOUSEHOLD (.1971)

This mC!P intends to exhibit the average Size of are arranged into four categories and districts falling agricultural holding per cultivating household in each in each range are shaded as explained in the legend district of the state in 1971. • The districtwise figures of map. of agricultural holding per cultivating household are worked oli~ ,by dividing the agricultural land by total The average size of agricultural holding per number of households. The figures thus obtained cultivating household is 117 hectares in the ,state as ~'71' 161 a whole. It deviates between 1.41 hectares in Simla 1.01-1.15 hectares. The lowest agricultural holding and 0.90 hectare in Lahul & Spiti district. The is recorded in Lahul & Spiti (0.90) closely followed maximum number of districts (4) falls in range of by Chamba district (1).98 hectare). 1.16-1.30 hectares. The variation in this range is between Mahasu (1.29) and Kangra district (1.18 Source: (i) Directorate of Land Records, Himachal hectares). The average size of agricultural holding Pradesh. in Kulu, Mandi and Bilaspur districts varies between (Ii) Census, 1971.

MAP 61

AGRICULTURAL HOLDINGS PER CAPITA IN RURAL AREA (1971)

This map exhibits variation in agricultural hold rural popUlation is very low. The following table ing per capita in rural areas in respect of each tahsil/ gives per capita agricultural holding districtwise in sub-tahsil of the state in 1971. The figures of agri 1971. cultural holding per dapita are worked out and figures thus obtained are grouped in five con Agriculture venient ranges as displayed in the legend of the holding per State/Districts Capita in map. rural area (in Hectare) Agricultural holding per capita in rural areas comes to only 0.19 hectare in the state as a whole and it varies between 0.31 hectare in Nalagarh and 0.09 hectare in Lahul tahsil. The highest agri HimacllalPradesh 0·19 cultural holding per capita is recorded in Nalagarh Chamba 0·1& followed by.Nurpur (0.29), Karsog (0.26) and Rohru Kangra 0'18 tahsil (0.25 hectare). The range of 0.21-0.24 hectare of holding per capita accounts for 11 tahsilslsub Mandi 0·19 tahsils. The variation in this range is very small Knlu 0·20 which is between 0.21 and 0.23 hec.tare. The maxi Lahul & Spiti 0·11 mum number of tahsils/sub-tahsils (16) falls in , range of 0.18-0.20 hectare and .is. very close to state Bilaspur 0·17 average of 0.19 hectare per capita. Mahasu 0·20 Simla 0·22 The deviation in agricultural holding per capita Sirmaur 0·20 in 14 tahsils/sub-tahsils is recorded between 0.15- / 0.17 hectare. In other 8 tahsils/sub-tahsils, agri- Kinnaur 0·19 cultural holding is 0.14 hectare and below it. It becomes clear from the map that in larger parts of Source: (i) Directorate of Land Records, Himachal Pradesh. the state per capita agricultural holding among the (ii) Census, 1971.

MAP 62

AGRICULTURAL HOLDING PER MALE CULTIVATOlt (1971)

This map reflects the extent of agricultural holding The size of agricultural holding in 11 tahsils/ per male cultivator in hectares in each of the tahsils/ sub-tahsils ranges between 1.11-1.30 hectares per male sub-tahsils of tbe state ~n 1971. Agricultural holding cultivator. Of these tahsils/sub-tahsils, 3 each are per male cultivator is obtained by dividing agricul in Kangra and Mahasu districts, two each in Mandi tural land by total male cultivators for each tahsil/ and Kinnaur districts and one tahsil in Simla district. sub-tahsil and figures thus obtained are grouped into The variation in this range is between 1.12 hectares five ranges from high to low values as shown in the in Nachar and 1.20 hectares in Morang tahsil. A legend of the map. number of tahsils/sub-tahsils (14) falls in the medi um range of agricultural holding between 0.91-1.10 The average size of agricultural holding per male hectares per cultivator. The size of agricultural cultivator is 1.03 hectares in Himachal Pradesh as a holding in this range varies between 0.94 hectare in whole and it varies between 1.85 hectares in Nurpur Kangra and 1.04 hectares in Poo tahsil. The range of and 0.54 hectare in Rainka and Shi1lai tahsils. A agricultural holding between 0.71-0.90 hectare per contiguous region of very large size of agricultural cultivator also claims 14 tahsils/sub-tahsils. The holding per male cultivator (above 1.30 hectares) is highest agricultural holding in this range is in Solan seen in Kangra district embracing Nurpur, Dera (,0.90 hectare) and lowest has been recorded in Kanda Gopipur, Barsar and Hamirpur tahsils. Besides this, ghat tahsil (0.73 hectare). The lowest range of below Kalpa and Sangla tahsils of Kinnaur district also 0.71 hectare embraces 8 tahsils/sub-tahsils. The lowest show large size of agricultural holding above 1.30 agricultural holding per male cultivator is registered hectares per male cultivator. in 'Rainka and Shillai (0.54 hectare) followed by Hangrang (0.61) and Chaurah tahsil (0.62 hectare).

162 The following table illustrates districtwise agricul Agriculture tural holding per male cultivator in 1971: State/Districts Holdings per Male cultivator (in Hectares) State/Districts Agriculture Holdings per Male 2 cultivator (in Hectares)

------~ 2 Bilaspur 0·93 ----~------Mabasu 0'95 1·03 Himachal Pradesh Simla 1·04 0·69 Chamba Sirmaur 0'79 1-35 Kangra Kinnaur 1'16 Mandi 0·99 Kulu 0.79 SOlirce; (i) Directorate orLand Records, Himachal Pradesh. Lahul & Spiti 0·73 (ii) Census, 1971.

MAP 63 PER ADULT REQUIREMENT AND SUPPLY OF STAPLE -FOOD CROPS (CEREALS AND PULSES) 1971 This map depicts per capita supply and nutritive structure as recommended above. Per capita pro requirement in terms of calories of foodgrains such duction of rice, wheat, millets and pulses (the as rice, wheat, millets and pulses in each district of average of five years 1966-67 to 1970-71) is calcwated the state. This map brings out the regions of surplus for each district. The ratio between per adult man or defiCit supply in staple food crops according to the value of supply in calories and per adult man value nutritional requirement. requirement in calories are calculated. J These ra tios are then grouped into four ranges showing three For this map requirement of cereals and pulses in on surplus side and one on deficit side. The district calories per day for adult male and female, adolescent falling in each range are hatched as shown in the and children of various age-groups as recommended legend. by "The Nutritive value of Indian food and the plann ing of satisfactory diets" special report series No. 42 During 1971, Himachal Pradesh shows per capita by WR Aykroyd, Indian Council of Medical Re surplus supply of staple food crops (c'ereals and search, New Delhi, on page 29 are taken into ac pulses) to the extent of 33.48 percent of the require count. They are as follows: ments. 'This trend in surplus production of cereals is revealed by all the districts except Lahul and [Spiti and Kinnaur districts. Mandi district exhibits high Age-group Requirement of est per capita surplus production in cereals to the cereals and pulses per day in calories extent of 170.15 percent. The largest number of dis tricts (5) shows low surplus supply of ,staple food 2 crops to the magnitude of 25.01-50.00 percent of the Adult Male ., 2,400.calories demand. The highest and lowest values of per capita +19 surplus supply in this range are recorded in Bilaspur Adult Female +19 " 2,160 calories (140.32 percent) and Chamba district (131.86 per cent), respectively. Simla district reveals lowest sur Adolescent 15-19 .. 2,400 calories plus supply of cereal crops to the extent of .0.53 per cent of the requirement. Children

10- 14 .. 2,040 calories On the other hand, Lahul & Spiti district re 5-9 .. 1,560 calories .flects very high deficit per capita production of 0-4 .. 1,080 calories cereals and pulses to the extent of 89.10 percent fol lOwed by Kinnaur 77.44 percent. These districts are extremely deficit in production of food crops due to For each district, the requirement of cereals and the limited agricultural land and other geographical pulses are estimated according to sex and age factors.

MAP 64

/WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS (1971)

This map intends to reflect the percentage of sectors showing the percentage of workers and non workers and non-workers to total population in each workers. These sectors have been further sub-divid. district of the state in 1971. Circles proportionate to ed. to. show male and ~emale workers and . non total population have been drawn in the centre of workers. The percentage figures of workers to total districts and each circle has been divided into two population are then grouped into four ranges and 163 districts falling in each range are hatched as shown participation rate is slightly higher than the All in the legend of map. India average rate (32.92 percent). The highest pro portion of workers to total population is recorded in In 1971 Census, a person is treated as worker Lahul & Spiti (64.74 percent) closely followed by whose main activity is participation in any economi Kinnaur district (60.52 percent). This higher pro cally productive work by his physical or mental actio portion of workers appears to have been accentuated vity. Main activity is one in which one engag~s one by the presence of large number of workers engaged self mostly. Work involves not only actual work but in construction of roads, developmental projects and effective supervision and direction of work. The other civil services in these districts. The variation in reference period is one week prior to the date of the percentage of workers in Kulu (48.63) and Mahasu enumeration in the case of regular work in trade, (47.14) is very meagre, whereas this proportion fluc profession, service or business. If a persOn ha~ parti tuates between 35.01-45.00 percent in Chamba, Mandi, cipated in any such regular work on anyone t'lJ the Bilaspur, Simla and Sirmaur districts and approxi days during this reference period and that work i5 mates to the state average of 36.95 percent. The returned as his main activity the person is categorised lowest percentage of workers to total population is accordingly. Further the main activitY\ in case of seen in Kangra district (27.47) in the state. This seasonal work such as cultivation, livestock keeping low percentage of workers in this district may be etc., is ascertained with reference to such work in due to outmigration of working males to other parts the· preceding one year. Non-workers on the other of state/country. Considering the percentage of male hand consist of those persons whose main activity is and female workers to total population separately, it . returned as one of these such as household duties, becomes obvious from the map that highest percen students, retired persons, dependents, beggars, insti tage of male workers to total population is recorded tution's inmates and other non-workers etc. in Lahul & Spiti (37.21) and lowest in Kangra In Himachal Pradesh, the percentage of workers district (22.08). On the other hand, participation rate to total population is 36.95 (1,278,632), which consti of female workers to total population varies between tutes 26.77 percent male workers and 10.18 percent 27.53 percent in 'Lahul & Spiti and 5.36 percent female workers of the total population. This work in Simla district.

MAP 65

RURAL WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS (1971)

This map, portrays the proportion of rural workers 55 percent in Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur districts, and non-workers to total rural population districtwise whereas this proportion varies between 45.01-55.00 in the state in 1971. percent in Kulu and Mahasu districts. The maximum number of districts (5) falls in the range of 35.01-45.00 The percentage figures of rural workers to total percent and is nearer to the state average (37.15). The population for each district are worked out and variation in the proportion of rural workers in this grouped into four ....ranges. The districts falling in each range is between 43.68 percent in Sirmaur and range are hatched differently according to values as 35.41 percent in Simla district. The lowest percen shown in the legend of map. Circles proportionate to tage of rural workers is registered in Kangra district fotal rural population are inserted in each of the (27.39). The work participation rate of male workers 'districts. These circles are divided into two sectors is highest in Lahul & Spiti (37.21 percent) while according to proportion of workers and non-workers. lowest has been recorded in Kangra district (21.92) Each of these sectors are further sub-divided to show percent). Similarly, the percentage of female workers the proportion of male and female workers and non to total population is highest in Lahul & Spiti (27.53) workers. and lowest position is occupied by Kangra district (5.47). The percentage of rural workers is higher The percentage of rural workers to total popula in central and eastern parts of the state, where culti tion is 37.15 in the state, which is comprised of 26.44 vation of cereal crops has been supplemented by percent male workers and 10.71 percent female commercial crops such as apples, potatoes and other workers. The percentage of rural workers is above fruit crops.

MAP 66

URBAN WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of urban male workers constitute 31.18 percent and 3.02 percent workers and non-workers to total urban population are female workers. The highest percentage of urban districtwise in the state in 1971. Circles proportionate workers is revealed by Mandi distmct (38.66). The to total urban population haVe been drawn in each proportion of urban workers to total population varies of the districts. These circles are then divided into between 34.01-38.00 percent in Kulu, Mahasu, Simla two sectors of workers and non-workers. Each of the and Bilaspur districts. In remaining districts excluding sector is further sub-divided to show proportion of entirely rural Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur districts, males and females. Percentage figures of urban this percentage of urban workers stands at below 30.01 workers to total urban population are calculated and percent. The variation in the work participation rate figures thus obtained are arranged into three cate of females is 5.13 peecent in Bilaspur and 2.47 per gories as explained in the legend of ~he map. cent in Mandi district. Similarly, the highest percen tage of urban male workers to total population is seen The proportion of urban workers to total urban in Mandi (36.19), while lowest is recorded in Chamba population comes to 34.20 percent in the state, of which district (25.12). 164 MAP 67

RURAL MALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of rural male percentage of rural male workers in age 15-59 is workers to total rural male population in age-group recorded in Hamirpur tahsil (77.02) closely followed 15-59 at tahsil/sub-tahsil level in the state. The by Amb sub-tahsil (77.16). tahsils/subl:

The proportion of rural male workers in age 15-59 State/Districts is 87.62 percent in the state as a whole. The partici pation rate of male workers is very high (above 96.00 percent) in Chaurah, Brahmaur, Chaupal, Rainka, Shill ai, Hangrang and Nachar tahsils. This proportion of workers varies between 93.01-96.00 percent in 16 tahsils/sub-tahsils. These areas are distributed in ------_._------dusters in central, eastern and northern parts of the Himachal pradesh state. The variation between the highest and lowest Chamba percentage of male workers in this range is between Kangra 93.38 in Chamba and 95.92 in Morang tahsil respective ly. Mandi Kulu The maximum number of tahsiIs/sub-tahsils (19) falls in range of 87.01-93.00 and is closer to the state Lahul &Spili average (87.62 percent). The fluctuation in the per Bilaspur centage of workers is between 87.66 in Arki and 92.66 Mahasu in Theog tahsil. In Nurpur, Kangra, Dera Gopipur, Simla Uua, Jogindar Nagar and Ghamarwin tahsils, the percentage of rural male workers varies between Sirmaur 81.01·87.00 percent. In remaining tahsilsfsub-tahsils Kinnaur {5) this proportion is below 81:01 percent. The lowest

MAP 68

URBAN MALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map reveals the proportion of male workers The proportion of Male workers to total Males in Age group 15-59 In urban areas to total male population in age-group 15-59 in urban areas of the s(ate in 1971. The percentage of male workers to total male population in age 15-59 in urban State/Tahsils[ Urban Male Percentage areas has been calCUlated for each tahsil/sub-tahsil. Sub-tahsils Workers in to total Age 15-59 Urban Males Percentage figures thus obtained are grouped into in Age IS-59 four ranges and are hatched as shown in the index of the map. The entirely rural tahsils/ sub-tahsils (29) 2 have been left blank. ----~------According to 1971 Census, 70,670 males (80.37 per Himachal Pradesh 70,670 80'37 74 ·75 cent) have been categorised as workers out of 87;929 Chamba 2,827 1,603 74 ·52 total male population in age-group 15-59 in urban Bhattiyat Nurpur 910 76·60 areas of Himachal Pradesh. The highest percentage Kangra ;6,476 78 ·32 nf male workers is noticed in Theog (89.11) closely Palampur 753 82-30 followed by Sundar Nagar (88.98), Ghamarwin Hamirpur 1,133 74·30 (88.48) and Kasumpti tahsil (88.27). The high propor 2,212 78·63 , Una tion of male workers in Sundar Nagar tahsil is attri Jogindar Nagar 1)98 87 ·13 buted to the execution of B. S. L. Project, while in Mandi Sadar 1,690 81·:6 other tahsiIs it may be partly on account of the role Sundar Nagar 7,784 88 ·98 J,347 17 ·62 of primary activities of the towns located in these tah Kulu Ghamarwin 499 88 ·48 sils. The proportion of male workers 'vanes between Bilaspur Sadar 2,042 75 '77 82.01-88.00 percent in Palampur, /Jogindar Nagar, Arki 307 76'37 Kandaghat, Pachhad and Paon~ Sahib tahsils. The Rampur 884 76·87 ne.lCt range of 76.01-82.00 percent embraces maximum Theog 483 89 ·11 number of tahsils/sub-tahsils (9). The variation in Kasumpti 286 88·27 this range is between Kangra (78.32 percent) and Solan 3.007 73 ·18 Simla sub-tahsil (81.84 percent). The lowest range of Simla 19,137 81-84 2,125 84 ·03 below 76.01 percen~ accounts for variation in 6 tahsils/ Kandaghat 854 79·96 sub-tahsils. The lowest percentage of urban male Nalagarh pachhad 299 85·19 workers to total male popUlation in age 15-59 is record Nahan 3,784 74·23 td in Solan (73.18) followed by Nahan (74.23) and Paonta Sahib 1,030 87 ·88 Hamirpur tahsil (74.30).

165 MAP 69

RURAL FEMALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 (19il)

This map intends to show the percentage of female workers varies between 17.01-34.00 percent in 8 tah workers to total female population in age-group 15- sils, while this proportion is below 17.01 in 10 tahsils/ 59 in rural areas of each tahsil/sub-tahsil of the state sub-tahsils. The lowest percentage of female workers in 1971. Percentage figures of rural female workers is recorded in Nurpur (3.13) closely followed by Amb to total rural female population in age 15-59 are (3.44) and Una tahsil (3.84). Thus it becomes clear grouped into six ranges as hatched in the legend of from this analysis that there is striking regional varia map. tion in the work participation rate of females, which may be explained in terms of differences in social, cul The proportion of female workers to total female tural and economic factors. population in age 15-59 works out to 34.82 percent PrOJMlrtion of rural Female Workers to total Females in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh and it varies bet In Age-group 15-59 ween 93.69 percent in Sangla and 3.13 percent in Nurpur tahsil of 'Kangra district. The percentage of female workers is extraordinarily high (above 85.00) StatejDistricts in Lahul, Banjar, Hangrang and Sangla tahsils. In another 11 tahsils/sub-tahsils, this proportion of ------~~,~~--.------~--- female workers is significantly high (68.01·85.00) per cent. Of these tahsils/sub-tahsils, four are concentra ted in Kinnaur, five in Mahasu and one each in Chamba Himachal Pradesh and LahUl & Spiti districts. This high percentage of female workers may be due to the rugged topography Chamba of these areas, which necessitates involvement of all, Kangra irrespective of sex, in intensive cultivation carried on Mandi scarce arable land and other economic activities. Kulu In 8 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the percentage of female Lahul & Spiti workers to total females in age 15-59 is medium high Bilaspur (51.00-68.00). These tahsils are distributed-three in Mahasu Mahasu, t)\'o in Mandi and one each in Sirmaur, Kulu and Bilaspur districts. The range of 34.01-51.00 per Simla cent embrace~ maximum number of tahsils (12) and Sirmaur these tahsils are mostly concentrated in central south Kinnaur western parts of the state. The proportion of female

MAP 70

URBAN FEMALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map exhibits the proportion of female wOlk Urban Female Workers in Age 15-59 ers to total female population in age-group 15-59 in urban areas in respect of each tahsil/sub-tahsiV of the State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsils Urban Female Workers state into five categories as shown in the legend. The inAge IS-59 entirely rural areas have been left blank. 2 According to 1971 Census, 6,844 females (11.60 percent) have been categorised as workers out of Himachal Pradesh 6,844 (11 ·~G) 59,003 total female population in age 15-59 in the Chamba 335 (11,41) urban areas of the state. This proportion of urban Bhattiyat 236 (13'56) female workers is considerably low as compared to Nurpur 132 (11 ,40) their. counterparts in the rural areas (34.82). This low percentage of female workers in urban areas may Kangra 924 (12·35) be possible due to the paucity of employment oppor Palampur 59 (9 '66) tunity to females in the urban areaS. The highest Hamirpur 102, (12 '72) percentage of urban female workers is recorded in Ghamarwin tahsil (46.41), which may be due to the Una 132 (5 ·00) primary occupations carried out in the towns. This Jogindlif Nagar 262 (27 '29} percentage of female workers is also comparatively Mandi Sadar 576 (10 '64) high in Jogindar Nagar tahsil (27.29). In Kulu, Rampur, Theog, Pachhad and Arki tahsils, the percentage of Sundar Nagar 282 (6'16) female workers varies between 15.01-20.00 percent. Kulu 393 (15 '20) The maximum number of tahsils/sub-tahsils (10) falls Ghamarwin 220 (46·41} within the purview of 10.01-15.00 percentage range Bilaspur Sadar 225 (12 ,52) which is close to the state average (11.60 percent). The range of 5.01-10.00 percent of female workers Arki 57 (17 '27} covers five tahsils. The lowest percentage of female Rampur 104 (17,81) workers to total females in age 15-59 is recorded in Theog 59 (19 '93) Kasumpti (3.17) closely followed by Una tahsil (5.00).

16fi Stlte/Tah!i1s/Sub-tJbsils Urban Female State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsils Urban Female Workers in Age Workers in Age- IS-59 15-59

Kasumpti 4 (3-l7) Pachhad 41 (17 '15) Solan 221 (9,25) Nahan 406 (9,99) Simla 1,630 (12,03) Paonta Sahib 94 ~ (10 ·78) Kanjagha t 269 (11 '10) Nalagarh 81 (8 '48) Note: -Figures within brackets indicate percentage of female:- workers to total urban females in age IS-59.

MAP 71

WORKERS AND NON-WORKERS IN EMPLOYABLE POPULATION IN AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of workers and Kangra (96.63) followed. by Simla (97.92) and Bilaspur non-workers in employable population in age-group district (98.49). 15-59 districtwise in the state. Circles proportionate The proportion of male workers to total employ to total employable population in age-group 15-59 able population in age-group 15-59 is 71.38 percent have been drawn in each district. These circles are in the state as a whole. It varies between 83.60 per then divided to show the proportion of workers and cent in Simla and 59.08 percent in Lahul & Spiti dis non-workers with male and female divisions combin trict. The percentage of female workers to total em ing with squares for clarity, representing males and :'11oyable population in age-group 15-59 is only 26.95 females non-workers. percent in the state. The highest and lowest per-· centage of female workers is found in Kinnaur (40.46) The total number of workers in Himachal Pradesh and Simla district (14.32) respectively. in age-group 15-59 is 1,076,822 in 1971, which forms The highest percentage of non-workers to total 98.33 percent of' total employable popUlation. The employable population ·in age-group 15-59 is seen in highest percentage of workers to total employable the most densely populated district of Kangra (3.37)" population is recorded in KInnaur (99.58) closely fol followed by Simla (2.08) and Bilaspur district (1.51). lowed by Kulu (99.48) and Lahul & Spiti district The lowest proportion of non-workers is recorded in· (99.47). The lowest percentage of workers to total Kinnaur (0.42 percent) followed by Kulu (0.52 per employable population in age 15-59 is observed in cent) and Lahul & Spiti (0.53 percent) districts.

MAP 72

CLASSIFICATION OF MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS (1971)

This map depicts industrial structure of male and percent of total workers in the state. The propor female workers in each district. According to 1971 tion of workers engaged in primary activities is pre Census, there are nine industrial categories which dominantly high in all districts. The highest percent~ have been grouped under primary, secondary and ter age of workers employed in primary activities is re tiary activities. The industrial categories under the corded in Kulu (87.17) closely followed by Chamba above activities are grouped as per the legend of the (86.67), Mahasu (85.48) and Bilaspur district (82.67)' map. respectively. The lowest proportion of workers in primary sector is observed in Simla (56.18) followed Pyramids are drawn to show the size of workers by Lahul & Spiti (59.73) and Ka~gra (71.88). In the in the nine industrial categories in each district. remaining districts, more than three-fourth of workers' Industrial categories are indicated by roman figures are predominantly engaged in primary activities. Cul in between two vertical parallel lines of the pyra tivation in the primary activity for both males and mids. The bars on the left depict male workers and females together account for 70.64, percent of the total" on the right female workers engaged in various acti workers in the state. In general, cultivators to total' vities. The percentage and absolute scales to indicate workers is censiderably high in: all the districts. Per the share of male and female workers in various indus centage of, agricultural labourers is only 4.18 as com trial categories are drawn beloW" and above the dia oared to the number of total workers in the state. grams, respectively. Three different hatchings have The variation in the percentage of agricultural la been used to differentiate economic activities under bourers is between 6.55 in Kangra and 1.84 percent primary, secondary and tertiary sectors as displayed in Lahul & Spiti district. The workers in livestock, in ~he legend of the map. forestry, fishing, hunting and plantations, orchard and' allied activities constitute 2.69 percent of total work Workers employed in primary sector constitute ers. Mining and quarrying is quite negligible in the 77.6~ ~erc.ent of the total workers in the state. The state. p.artl~lpatJon rate of male workers in primary activi tIes .IS 51.57 percent of total workers while the pro The secondary sector of the economy absorbs 8.18 portIon of female workers in this sector forms 26.04 percent of the total workers in the state Workers:

167 :1n such activities are higbest in Lahaul &: S~iti (22.41) respectively to total workers. followed by Mandi (11.93) and Sirmaur distnct (10.70) Tertiary sector employs 13.26 percent male and -

MAP 73

CLASSIFICATION OF RURAL MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS (1911)

This map shows economic activities of rural male cent in Chamba district, Peroentage of workers en :and female workers in each district of the state. gaged as agricultural labourers constitutes 4.39 per Pyramids are drawn to show the proportion of rural cent of total rural workers. This proportion varies ·male and female workers en~aged in nine industrial between 6.65 percent in Kangra and 1.84 percent in '<:ate'ories in each diStrict as explained in the legend Lahul & Spiti at district level. Thus, it is clear ·of the" map. that an overwhelming proportion of population de rives their livelihood from agriculture and allied acti Rural workers employed in primary activities vities in the state. .constitute 82.35 percent of to tal rural workers in the Male workers employed in .secondary sector of state and this proportion in secondary sector forms rural economy form 6.29 percent and females 0.52 ,-only 6.81 percent of the total workers. 'The tertiary percent of the total workers in the state. The ,sector ~f rural economy employs 10.84 percent of variation in the :proportion of workers employed in total workers in the rural areas. The participation secondary sector is between 2.75 percent rate of rural female workers is high in the category in Chamba and 22.41 percent in Lahul & of cultivators falling under primary sector in the Spiti. Manufacturing, processing, servicing and 'state (26.16 percent) while in other economic adivi- . repairs is comparatively higher in Kangra (5.60) fol ties the proportion of female workers is very low. lowed by Sirmaur (3.92) and Mandi district (3.15) In other districts, this represents very small propor The proportion of workers engaged in primary tion 01 the total workers. The larger proportion of ,activities is extraordinarily high in all districts except workers in secondary sector is employed in construc ·Lahul &: Spiti district where it is 59.73 percent ot tiOn in Lahul & Spiti (21.43 percent) followed by the total. In other districts, the percentage of wor Sirmaur (5.59 percent), Kinnaur (5.24 percent) and 'kers in primary activities varies between 74.03 per· Mandi district (4.37 percent) due to the construction ,cent in Kangra and 91.02 percent in Chamba distric.t. of dams and roads. Other districts, with high proportioM in primary Tertiary sector absorbs 10.84 percent of the sector are Kulu (90.50), Mahasu (87.70), Bilaspur total rural workers in the State. The highest'propor (85.41), Mandi (84.69) and Sirmaur (84.43). Percent tion lies in Lahul & Spiti (7.86) closely followed by age of cultiyators to total rural workers varies bet- Kangra (17.32). The lowest percentage of workers ·ween 56.85 percent in Lahul & Spiti and 85.02 per- in this sector is recorded in Sirmaur (6.tl6).

MAP 74

CLASSIFICATION OF URBAN MALE AND FEMALE WORKERS (1971)

This map depicts industrial structure of urban (lB.84) and Kulu district (12.24). In other districts, male and female workers in each disirict of the state. the percentage of workers in primary sector varies ·Pyramids are drawn to show the size of urban rrlalp, bet\l{een $.22 in Sirmaur and 4.00 percent in Simla and female workers engaged in nine industrial cate district. Of the total workers in primary activities, gories as explained in the index of the map .. more than haif of the workers are engaged in culti vation. Workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunt. Primary sector occupies 9.16 percent of the total ing, plantations, orchard and allied activities is com urban wo~kers of the state. The urban workers in paratively high (7.76 percent) in Kulu. In other dis 'seeondary activities represent 28.05 percent of the tricts, this varies between 1.92 in Mandi and 4.32 per total workers. The tertiary sector is the most develop cent of total workers in Chamba district. ·ed employing 62.79 percent of the total urban wor. kers in the state. The participation rate of urban fe- The proportion of workers in secondary activi , male workers is very meagre in ail economic actiYiti~ ties is highest in Mandi (55.75 percent) and the ·except tertiary, where proportion of female workers lowest (14.25) in Simla. Manufacturing, processing, 'is 6.62 percent of the total workers. servicing and repairs characteristically constitute 11.8B percent of the total workers in the state. It is The percentage of workers in primary activities more pronounced in Sinnaur employing 22.19 per is highest in Kangra (19.24) followed by Bilaspur cent of workers followed by Mahasu (20.10 percent)' 168 and Kangra district (14.'78) respectively. The per Urban male workl'I'S in tertiClry activities consti centage of workers employed in construction is very tute 56.17 percer\t and female worker5 form t') 62 per high in Mandi (48.55) due to the execution of Beas cent of the total urban workers in the state. The Sutlej Link Project. In other areas, the" proportion variation in the proportion of urban workers in. of workers engaged in constructional activity varies tertiary sector is l·t'tween 81.75 percent in Simla and between 5.33 percent an Simla and 14.05 perv::ent in 36.91 percent in M:mtli district. Services in general, Kulu district, both in males and females, account for larger number_

MAP 75

CULTIVATORS IN TOTAL WORKERS IN AGE 15-59

This map depicts the proportion of cultivators to Staterrahslls/Sub-tabslls Cultivators in total workers in age-group 15-5,g, tabsil/sub-tahsil Age 15-59 wise, in the .state. I 2 ~---.--- According ,to 1971 Census, "a person is considered Barsar 14,310 (70 '50) as a cultivator if he or she is engaged in cultivation 13,227 (53 ·14) by his or herself or by supervision or direction in Una his or her capacity as the owner or lessee of land: held Joglndar Nagar. 21,529 (77'·43)1 from government or as a tenant of land held from Mandl Sadar 29,134 (62:33) private persons Dr institutions for payment of money, Sarkaghl!t_ 28,032 (83 ·03)" kind or share." Percentage of cultivators to total workers in age 15-59 is calculated for each tahsil/ Chichot 18,505 (81 ·69) sub-tahsil and are grouped into five ranges as shown Sundar Nagar 9,280 (39·m in the legen'Ci of the map. Karsog 15,988 (84 '44), The proportion of cultivators to total workers in Kulu 27,029 (68 '35) age-group 15-59 is 68.11 percent in the state as a Banjar 15,412 (91 ,76) whole.. The I cultivators to total workers in. age 15-59 is the highest in Nirmand (93.58) closely followed by Ani 9,141 (90 '54), Banjar (91.76), Ani (90.54), Chaurah (89.37) and Nlrmand 11,471 (93 '58) Pangi sub-tahsil (86.30). The range between 75.01- 4,856 (51 '20) 85.00 percent contains 16 tahsilsJsub-tahsils. The lahul variation in the proportion of cultivators in this range Splti 2,297 (58 ·01). is between 84.44 perc('nt in Karsog and 75.13 per Ghamarwin 31,686 (80·12) cent in Rampur tahsil. Percentage of cultivators in Bi1aspur Sadar 19,047 (71 ,48) ]5 ta:1~dls/sub-tahsils ranges between 65.01-75.00 per cent and the same is close to the state average Arkl 12,722 (83 ·91} (68.11). Seon! 8,488 (83 ·78Y In 8 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the proportion of cultiva Kumharsain [8,513 (68 ·16) tors is betweery55.01-65.1l0 percent. Of these tahsils, Rampu[ 19,297 (75 ·13) four are in Kangra and one each in Simla Mandi , , Rohru 14,066 (75·77) Lahul and Spiti and Sirmaur distriC'ts. Percentage of cultivators to total workers in age 15-59 is 55.00 Jubbill 7,504 (74 ·08) and below in 9 tahsils,!sub-tahsils. The lowest per Kotkhai 7,689 (73 '82), centage . of cultivators to total workers in age Theog 17,136 (83 '57)- 15-59 is recor'Cied in Simla (14.17) and Sundar Nagar Kasumpti 10,333 (66 '33) tahsil (39.72). The percentage of cultivators is low , in these tahsils due to the larger number of workers Solan 6,948 (50 ·OO) engaged in construction and services. Chaupal 19,519 (81·m Simla 3,714 (14·m Cultivators in Total Workers in Age 15-59 Kandaghat 11 ,886 (57·11). StateiTahsiis/Su b-tahsils Cultivators In Age 15-59 Nalagarh 16,485 (79 '99) 5,978 (67 ·9~) 2 Rajgarh Himachal Pradesh 733,389 (68 '11) Pachhad 7,384 (76 '53) Chaurah 23,106 (89 '37) Nahan 4,567 (42 ·93) Pangl 5,532 (86'· 30) Rainka 13,451 (84 ·06) Chamba 16,770 (73 ·14) Shillai 13,080 (82 '56} Bhattiyat 14,819 (73 ·00) Paonta Sahib 15,800 (59 ·66) Brahmaur 7,853 (76 ·48) Hangrang 1,175 (66·12) Nurpur 19,324 (57 ·19) Poo 1,244 (42 ·04) Kangra 32,589 (59 ·29) Morang 2,561 (67 ·34) Palampur 25,084 (54 '49) Kalpa 2,827 (47 ·18) Dera Gopipur 24,938 (55,41) Nachar 5,019 (71 ·65) . Hamirpur 42,343 (70,83) Sangia 2,842 (65 '59) Amb 9,859 (56 ·71 ) Note :,-Figures within brackets indicate percentage of cultivators to total workers in age 15-59. 169 MAP 76

CULTIVATORS IN RURAL POPULATION (1971)

This map shows the proportion of rural cultiva tors to total rural population in each tahsil/sub-tahsil StaterrahsilsjSub·tahsils Cultivators

/ Cultivators in rural Population Solan 8,664 (24 '52) Chaupai 23,393 (50 '04) StatefTah~ilsfSub-tahsils Cultivators Simla 4,582 (29 '86) 2 Kandaghat 14,644 (24 '72) ------.----- Nalagarh 20,307 (27'66) Himachal Pradesb 899,229 (27,94) ~aj~rh 7,202 (28 '82) Chaurah 28,085 (41 '86) Pachhad 8,978 (36 '59) Pangl 6,485 (46 ·91) Nahan 5,797 (24,10) Chamba 19,90~ (27-93) Ralnka 16,592 (42062) Bhattiyat 18,109 (31,71) Shillai 15,875 (46 '24) Brahmaur 10,385 (38'37) Paonta Sablb 19,287 (24 ·90) Nurpur 24,040 (15-90) Hangrang 1,378 (44 ·10) Kangra' 38,42,4 (21 ·40) Poo 1,508 (25-8 2) Palampur 32,056 (14 '44) Morang 3,093 (41'53) Dera GOPiPUf 32,671 (15 ,31) J(alpa 3,50S (32 '~9) Hamirpur 52,881 (25 ,31) Nachar 5,917 (41· 65) Amb 13,695 (1~ ,02) Sangla 3,51S (41·71) Barsar 18,880 (20 ·22)

Una 17,424 (15 '28) Note:-Figures within brackets indicate percentage of cultlvators to total rural population.

MALE CULTIVATORS IN MALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of male cultiva. In Himachal Pradesh, proportion of male culti tors to total male workers in age-group 15-59 in each vators to total male workers in age-group 15-59 is tahsil/sub-tahsil of the state into six ranges as dis 60.18 percent. At tahsil/sub-tahsil level it fl.uctu played in the index of the map. at~s between 90.84 in Nirmand and 8.89 percent in 170 Simla. In Simla tahsil, proportion of cultivators is low due to urbanization. Percentage of male culti StatefTahsilslSub-t ahsils Male cultivators In vators is abtove 85 percent in Chaurah, Nirmand, Age IS-59 Banjar and Ani tahsils.. The proportion of 'male cul tivators to total male workers in age 15--59 varies Mandi Sadar 16,360 (50 ·33) between 75.01-85.00 percent in 8 tahsilsjsub-tahsils. Sarkaghat 11,417 (69 ·40) These tahsils are distributed-two each in Mandi, Chichot 15,423 (79 '83) Sirmaur and Mahasu disricts and one each in Simla 7,687 (36·13) and Chamba districts. Sundar Nagar Karsog 10,549 (79 ·50) The range of 65.01-75.00 percent cultivators Kulu 16,936 (61 ,66) covers 10 tahsils/sub-tahsils. Of these tahsils, three Banjar 7,7% (86·70) each are in Chamba and Mahasu, two in Mandi and one each in Bilaspur and iSirmaur districts.. The Ani 6,242 (88 ·61) maximum number of tahsils/sub-tahsils (12) falls in Nirmand 6,681 (90 ,84) the range of 55.01-65.00 percent. The variation in Lahul 1,775 (32 ·45) the proportion of cultivators is between 64.62 in 1,084 (43,10) Barsar and 56.56 percent in Amb sub-tahsil.'. The per Spill centage of cultivators to total workers in age 15-59 Ghamarwin 14,655 (68 ·16) in 11 tahsils(sub-tahsils ran~ between 145.01-55.00 Bilaspur Sadar 11,390 (62,31) percent. The largest number of tahsils (5) in this Arki 7,111 (76,70) range is concentrated in Kangra district alone.. In the remaining tahsils (8), the percentage of cultivators Seoni 3,670 (71 ,35) is below 45.01 percent. The lowest percentage of Kumharsain 4,439 (55 '54) cultivators to total workers in age 15-59 is recorded Rampur 10,198 (62,98) in Kalpa (27.16) closely followed by' Poo (27.30), Lahul 11,915 (74 ·39) (32.45) and Sundar Nagar tahsils (36.13) respectivcely. Rohru 'The percentage of male cultivators is low due to lar lubbal 3,377 (58 '69) ger number of workers engaged in construction and Kotkhai 3,696 (61 ·09) other public services in these tahsils. Tbeog 9,435 (76 ·46) 4,962 (SO ·22) Male Cultivators in Male Workers in age 15-59 Kasumpti Solan 5,033 (43 ·85) State/Tahsj!s/Sub.tahsils Male Cultivators Chaupal 10,794 (72 '82) in Age 15-5Q Simla 2,026 (8 '89) 2 Kandaghat 8,346 (50· 44) ------~------~------14,572 (79 '21) Himachal Pradesh 470,410 (60 '18) Nalagarh 4,870 (64 ·64) Chaurah 15,828 (86 '44) Rajgarh 4,903 (70 ·42) Pangi 2,876 (11 '86) Pachhad 4,007 (41 ·92) Chamba 14,843 (73 '30) Nahan 9,683 (80·13) Bhattfyat 10,815 (68 ·69) Rainka 9,261 (80,47) Brahmaur 5,307 (71 '67) Shlllai 13,541 (S8 ·18) Nurpur 18,894 (58 ·00) Paonta Sahib 554 (SO ,83) Kangra 20,670 (50 ,91) Hangrang 513 (27 '30) Palampur 19,927 (51 ·69) Poo 945 (47 '80) Dera Goplpur 21,190 (52-68) Morang 1,092 (27 ·16) Hamlrpur 17,224 (53 ,55) Kalpa 2,537 (61 ·34) Amb 9,344 (56 '56) Nachar 1,077 (47,76) Barsar .. 10,218 (64 '62) Sangla Una 12,424 (52 '59 ) Jogindar Nagar 10,298 (65,34) Note :...... Figures wi thin brackets indicate percentage of male cultivators in male workers In age IS-59.

MAP 78

FEMALE CULT_n;ATOR3 IN FEMALE WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 (1971)

This map depicts the percent./ge distribution of Karsog, Banjar, Nirmand, Seoni, Chaupal and Rainka femaJe cultivators to total female workers in age tahsils exhibit very high percentage of female culti group 15-59 in each tahsil/sub-tahsil of the state into vators (above 96.00) to ~otal female workers in this six ranges as explained in the legend of the map. age-group. The variation in the percentage of female cultivators is between 94.01-96.00 percent in Sarka In the state in general, the proportion of female ghat, Ani, Ghamarwin, Arki, Theog, Kasumpti, J ub

cultivtaors to total fem~le workers in age-group I bal and Rampur tahsils. The participation rate of 15-59 stands at 89.01 percent. Pangi, Chaurah, females as cultivators is high because the menfolk 171 go to other areas for gainful employment leaving the supervision of agricultural land to their women-folk. State/TahsilsjSub-tahsjls. Female Cultivators However, avenues of employment other than agricul in Age,group 15-59 ture are very meagre due to the lack of industrialisa tion. ------~------2

The proportion of female cultivators in working Karsog 5,439 (96 '03) age 15-59 in 9 tahsils/sub-tahsils varies between 90.111-94.00 percent. The maximum number of tah Kulu 10,093 (83 '56 ) sils (15) falls in the range of 82.01-90.00 percent. Banjar 7,616 (97 '59,. The highest and lowest percentages of female culti Ani 2,899 (94 '99) vators are recorded in Manm Sadar (89.72) and Nirmand Kangra (83.02) tahsils. The variation in the percent 4,790 (97·70) age of female cultivators in 8 tahsils/sub-tahsils Lahul 3,081 (76 '76) is between 66.1-82.00 percent. In the remaining Si)iti 1,213 (83 ·94) 5 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the percentage of female Ghamarwin 17,031 (94-37) cultivators is below 66.01 percent. The lowest percent age of female cultivators to total female workers in Bilaspur 'Sadar 7,657 (91'54) worlting age 15-59 is recorded in Nurpur (35.51) :Ilollow Arki 5,611 (95 '25)- ed by Simla tahsil (49.49). Seoni 4,818 (96 ·61) . Kumharsain 4,074 (90 '59)- Rampur Female Cultivators in Female Workers in Age 15-59 9,099 (95 ·85)' Rohru 2,151 (84 '42) Jubbal 4,127 StatelTahsilslSub-tahsils Female Culiivators (94 '33} in Age-group Kotkhai IS-59 3,993 (91'46) -----1------~------2--- Tbeog 7,701 (94·32)------Kasumpti 5,371 (94 '28} . Himachal Pradesh " 262,979 (89 '10) Solan 1,915 (79 '23) Chaurah 7,278 (96 '51) qaupal _ 8,725 (96 '49) Pangi 2,656 (97 '79) Simla 1,688 (49-49) Chamba 1,927 (71,88) Kandaghat 3,540 (83 ,04), Bhattiyat 4,004 (87 ·90) Nalagarh 1,913 (86 '44) Brahmaur 2,546 (88 ·93) Rajglrh 1,108 (87-66) Nurpur 430 (35 '51) Pachha~ , 2,481 (92 '40} Kangra 11,919 (83 '02) Nahan 560 (51 '85) PaJampur 5,157 (68,93) Rainka 3,763 (96 '17) Dera GopipuJ 3,748 (78 '41) Shillai 3,819 (88 '12) Hamirpur 25,119 (90,96) P aonta Sahib 2,259 (70·33) Amb 515 (59 '54) Hangrang 621 .(90 '39), Barsar 4,092 (91 '24) Poo 731 (67 ·69) Una, 803 (63 '48) Morang 1,616 (88 '50}) .10gindar Nagar 11,231 (92 '26) Kalpa 1,735 (88 ·03) Mandi Sadar 12,774 (89 '72) .Nachar 2,482 (86 '51), Sarkaghat 16,615 (95 '98) Sangla 1,765 (84 ·94 ), Chichot 3,082 (92 '50)

Sundar Nagar .: 1~59_3 (76 '26) Note : Figures within bracket~ indicate percentage of female cultiv vators to total female workers in age IS-59.

MAP 79

AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS ~ TOTAL AGRI CULTURAL WORKERS IN AGE 15-59 .(1971)

. This map shows the percentage of agricultural and Sangla tahsils, the variation in the percentage of labourers to total agricultural workers in age-group agricultural labourers to total agricultural workers 15-59, tahsil/sub-tahsil wise in the state into five in ag~ 15-59 is between 10.01-14:00 percent. ranges as explained in the index of the map, In 14 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the percentage of agri The proportion of agricultural labourers to total cultural labourers ranges between 6.01-10.00 per agricultural workers in age 15-59 is considerably cent. The highest percentage of agricultural labourers: low in the state (5.74 petcent). The highest percent in this range is recorded in Rohru (9.73) and the age of agricultural labourers is exhibited by Poo lowest is observed in Barsar sub-tahsil (6.03). The (17.62) closely followed by Amb (16.30) and Una tahsil range of 2.01-6.00 percent agricultural labourers (15.83). In Nurpur, Palampur, Kotkhai, Paonta Sahib embraces the largest number of tahsils/sub-tahsils 172 (19) and the same is close to the state average (5.74). In the remaining tahsils/sub-tahsHs (12), the percent- Agricultural State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsiIs Labourers in Age age of agricultural labourers to total agricultural wor- 15-59 ~kers in working age 15-59 is below 2.01 percent. In larger parts of the state, the percentage of agricultural ------labourers is very low mainly due to the poor agricul- 2 tural land which only offers a little scope for em- --.-.----- ployment of labourers. Nirmand 198 (1'70) Lahul Agricultural Labourers in total Agricultural Workers in age 15-59 48 (0 '98) Spiti 182 (7-34) Ghamarwin 1,411 (4 '26) Stale/Tahsils/Sub-tahsils Agricultural Bilaspur Sadar 543 (2'77) Labourers in Age 15-59 Arki 257 (I '98) Seoni 91 (1,06) Kumharsain 783 (8 '42) 2 Rampur 343 (1'75) ------Rohru 1,516 (9 '73) _Himachal Pradesh 44,656 (5 ·74) Jubbal 744 (9 '02) Chaurah 537 (2 ·27) Kotkhai 1,049 (12 '01) Pangi 3 (0 '05) Theog 904 (5-01) Chamba 417 (2 '43) Kasumpti 586 (5-37) Bhattiyat 497 (3,24) Solao 449 (6 '07) Brahmaur 128 (1'60) Chaupal 490 (2-45) Nurpur 2,640 (12 ·02) v Simla 215 (5-47) Kangra 2,716 (7 '69) Kandaghat 1,068 (8 '24) Palampur 4,003 (13 '76) Nalagarh 650 (3 '79) Dera Gopipur 1,808 (6 ·76) Rajgarh 598 (9 '09) Hamirpur 3,508 (7 '65) Pachhad 253 (3,31) Amb 1,920 (16 '30) .Nahan 397 (8 ,00) Barsar 918 (6 ,03) Rainka 333 (2 '42) Una 2,487 (15 '83) ShiIIai 1,314 (9 '13) Jogindar Nagar 749 (3-36) Paoota Sahib 2,001 (11'24) Mandi Sadar 1,151 (3 ·80) Hangraog 28 (2-33) Sarkaghat 554 (1,94) Poo 266 (17·62) Chichot 190 (1'02) Morang 130 (4-83) Sundar Nagar 370 (3 '83) Kalpa 178 (5,92) Karsog 189 (1'17) Nachar 466 (8 '50) Kulu 1,633 (5,70) Sangla 326 (10,29) Banjar 241 (1,54)

Ani 180 (1·93) Note: -Figures within brackets indicate percentage of agricultural labourers to total agricultural worker~.

-MAP 80

NON·AGRICULTURAL WORKERS IN PRIMARY SECTOR (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of non-agricul according to the proportion of workers engaged tural workers in primary sector to total workers in in various non-agricultural activities as explained in primary sector in each. district of the state in' 1971. the legend.

According to 1971 Census, non-agricultura~ In Himachal Pradesh, 35,768 workers have been workers in primary sector include lives~ock and categorised as non-agricultural workers which forms hunting, fishing, forestry, orchard and allied/activities, .-/ 3.60 peI'l cent of the total' workers in the primary agricultural production, agricultural ,s~rvices and sector. The highest percentage of non-agricultural mining and quarrying. Percentageif non-agricul workers is found in Kinnaur district (8.85). The tural workers to total workers in primary sector is proportion of non-agricultural workers to total calculated for each district and the percentage figures workers in the primary sector varies between 4.01- are grouped into four categories according to the 6.00 percent in Mahasu and Chamba districts. In legend of the map. Circles proportionate to total Kulu, Mandi, Simla and Sirmaur districts, the per non-agricultural workers are inserted in the districts. centage of non-agricultural workers ranges between These circles are then divided into four sectors ,3.01-4.00 percent. The districts of Kangra, Bilaspur 173 and Lahul & Spiti represent non-agricultural ing to total non-agricultural workers is recorded workers to total workers in the primary sector below in Kinnaur (7~3) followed by Chamba (58.64) and' 3.01 percent. Lahul & Spiti district (55.35) and the lowest in Mahasu (15.59). Forestry is a dominant activity in More than three·fourth of the non-agricultural Mahasu and Sirmaur districts employing 62.58 and workers are engaged in forestry, livestock and. hunt 59.81 percent workers of the total non-agricultural ing in the state. The percentage of workers em workers respectively. The percentage of workers in ployed in plantations, orchard and allied activities is plantations, orchard and allied activities fluctuates 16.71 and the mining and quarrying show only 3.76 per between 4.31 in Chamba and 31.25 percent in Simla cent. Forestry and livestock rearing are some of the district .. Mining and quarrying is significant in Kangra important activities in all the districts. The highest district employing 15.81 percent of the total non percentage of workers engaged in livestock and hunt- agricultural workers.

MAP 31

WORKERS IN MANUFACTURING, PROCESSING, SERVICING AND REPAIRS (1971)

This map depicts the percentage of workers considerably high due to the location of several engaged in manufacturing, processing, servicing and important industries in these tahsils. The proportion repairs to total workers in each tahsn/sub~tahsil of the of workers in manufacturing to total workers is above· state into five categories as shown- in the legend of five percent in these tahsils. the map. The tahsils where the proportion of workers The following statement gives districtwise strength engaged in manufacturing is five percent or more are shown in red colour. of workers in manufacturing, processing, servicing and repairs and their percentage to total workers: In Himachal Pradesh, the proportio~ of workers employed in household industries and other than Workers in Manufacturing, household industries together account for 4.17 per State/Districts Processing, Percentage to Servicing and total Workers cent of the total workers.. The highest percentage of Repairs workers employed in industries is recorded in Nahan ----- (11.37) followed by Solan (Hl.96), 'Una (9.21), Poo 2 3 (7.99), Simla (7.62) and Nurpur tahsil (7,25) respectively. In 7 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the proportion Himachal Pradesh 53,375 4-17 of industrial workers varies between 5.01-7.00 per Chamba 2,279 2 '21 cent. The largest number of tahsils/sub-tahsils (19) falls in the range of 3.01-5.00 percent of industrial Kangra 21,749 5-97 workers. The variation in the percentage of workers Mandi 7,178 3 ·52 employed in manufacturing processi~g, servIcmg Kulu 2,088 2 ·23 and repairs in 16 tahsils/sub-tahsils is between 1.01- 3.00 percent while industrial workers in the remain· Lahul & Spjti 148 0·97 ing tahsil (5) is below 1.01 percent of the total Bilaspur 3,011 HI workers.. In most of the tahsils/sub-tahsils, about Mahasu 5,931 2-86 three-fourth of the workers are engaged in household industries. Simla 4,413 5-68 Sirmaur 5,196 4·99 In Una, .simla, 'Solan and Nahan tahsils, the Kinnaur 1,382 4 '58 number of workers employed in manufacturing is

,MAP 82

HOUSEHOLD INDUSTRIES BY TYPES AND SIZE OF EMPLOYMENT (1971)

This map depicts the size of employment'in eight Of all household industries in Himachal Pradesh, ,ypes of household industries at district level in the cotton textile industry employs the largest number' state. The classification of such industries is outlined of workers accounting for slightly more than one-fourth. on the legend of the map. of the workers in all the household industries. This ranks first in termslof employment in all the districts In each district, vertical bars proportionate to the except Kangra, Simla and Sirmaur districts. The number of workers employea in the eight types of proportion of workers in this industry to total household industries are atrangediand drawn in order workers in household industries, varies between 59.14 of their size of 'employment from high to low. The percent in Kinnaur and 21.80 percent in Kangra scale showing the absolute number of workers is district, where it is relegated to the' second position. given on the left and the corresponding percentage Forest-based household industries occupy the second scale is given to the right of each diagram.. The position employing 24.71 percent of total workers in numerical strength of workers employed in each type all household industries in the state.. The highest of household industry is given' at the top of the har percentage of workers in the 'forest-based industry is" for that particular industry with suitable hatching. recorded in Kangra (34.56) followed by Kulu (22.49)

174 and Mahasu distrist (20.58). The lowest is seen in Simla and Sirmaur districts, this household industry Lahul & Spiti (6.59) and Bilaspur district (9.33). ranks first accounting for 23.03 and 24.14 percent of Household industries based on minerals occupy' the the total workers employed in all household indus third rank in the state providing employment to 15 ..08 tries. The lowest proportion of workers in agro percent of workers. Mineral based industries are based industries is found in 'Kinnaur (5.69) followed notable in Simla, Mahasu, Kinnaur, Sirmaur and by Mandi district (9)9) while the highest percentage Lahul & spiti. In Bilaspur and Mandi districts, of workers in this industry is recorded in Lahul & mineral based industry ranks second employing 18.1,3 Spiti (26 ..37). Livestock and fish-based industries and 23.93 percent of the tota] workers. Kangra and employ 9.42 percent workers of the total workers in Chamba districts this industry occupy fourth household industries in the state. The variation in position. Percentage of workers in mineral based the proportion of workers in livestock and fish·based Industry is the highest in Lahul & Spiti district but industries between 14.28 percent in Mandi and 1.10 the absolute strength of workers in this is only 24. percent in Lahul & Spiti districts. The percentage of workers engaged in engineering and chemical Househohi industries based on agriculture such as industries is insignificant. Workers engaged in mis manufacture of food products, beverages, rice and cellaneous 'household industries is responsible for flour mills etc., occupy fourth position in the state 8.99 percent of the total workers in various categories engaging 14.31 percent of the total workers. But in of household industries in the state.

,MAP 83'

FACTORIES BY TYPES AND SIZE OF EMPLOYMENT (1971)

This map shows the employment strength of employment to 3,902 persons or 19.14 percent of the workers in eight types. of factories/industries at total factory workers in the .state. With regard to district level in the state as per classification given on employment this industry ranks first in Mandi, the legend. For each type of factory, a vertical bar Chamba, Kulu, Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur districts proportionate to its total employment is drawn. and is relegated to second position in Sirmaur and These bars are arranged according to their employ Kan,gra districts. Miscellaneous types of industries ment strength and shaded according to the category provide employment to 3,377 workers or 16.74 per of industrial activities as displayed in the legend of the cent of the total workers. The percentage of workers map. The absolute scale is shown on the left and in these types of industries to total workers in the corresponding percentage scale is given at the right district varies between 31.89 percent in Simla and of the bar diagrams. 3.51 percent in Lahul and Spiti district. Mineral-based industries occupy the fourth posi As per 1971 Census, 20,176 persons have been tion in the state with 3,064 workers (15.19 percent). reported to be employed in different types of factories The units falling under this category of industries are in Himachal Pradesh. Among the districts, Kangra predominant in Sirmaur district where the proportion (7,076) ranks first followed by Mahasu (2,768) and of the workers engaged therein is as high as 49.97 per Simla (2,741). Lahul 8i Spiti (57) shows lowest cent of the total factory'workers. The lowest propor proportions. This i~ due to paucity of capital, raw tion of workers in this category has been found in material an dnon-availability of infra-structural faci Kinnaur (4.64 percent) and Mahasu (4.84 percent). lities in the state. Forest based industries provide 14.48 percent of the tbtal factory workers and occupy fifth-position in the Agro-based industry occupies the first position state. The maximum percentage of workers (26.49) employing 4,373 persons or 21.67 percent of the total hap been returned from Kinnaur district and the factory workers in the .state. The maximum number lowest (10.55 percent) from Chamba. of workers in this category has been reported from Kangra (1,525) followed by Mahasu (1,034) land Simla Livestock and fish-based industry provides em· (559) whereas the lowest number of workers has ployment to 1,133 workers. The proportion of workers been reported from LahUl & Spiti (3) preceded by in this industry to total factory workel1s varies Kinnaur (15).. The agro-based industries acco'Unt for between 8.89 percent in Kangra and 1.32 percent in 39.16 percent of total factory worker~ in Mahasu and Kinnaur. Engineering and chemical industries occupy only 5.26 percent in Lahul & Spiti. Textile industry the last two positions constituting 1.62 and 5.32 per occupies the second position in the state and provides cent of the total factory workers in the state.

MAP 84

FACTORIES AND WOR~SHOPS BY SIZE OF /- EMPLOYMENT (1971) I This map depicts distribution. of factories and The study of the map reveals that an over workshops by size of employment at district level in whelming proportion of factories/workshops falls in the state. Factories and workershops are grouped the small employmen~ ranges. Of the total 9,312 into five categories such as 1-4, 5-19, 20-49, 59-99 factory units returned in the state, as many as 95 and 100 and above persons according to their percent factories/workshops employ 14 workers employment. The method of the drawing the map is each in the state. Factories/workshops with 5-19 similar to 83. , workers and 20-49 workers account for 3.94 percent

175 and 0.63 percent, respectively of the total units. The number of factories and workshops in Kinnaur and large scale factories employing 50-99 and 100 per Lahul & Spiti districts is only 31 and 6 respectively. sons and above constitute a small proportion 0'£ As many as 95 percent of the factories are small 0.18 and 0.22 percent respectively of the total units each employing 1 to 4 persons. These units factories and workshops in the state. are mainly engaged in the processing of agricultural products and manufacturing of furniture etc. Kangra Kangra district, which ranks first in population district has returned the highest number of factories and second in area in the state, has returned the (122) employing 5-19 persons while in the other maximum number (2,991) of factories and workshops districts the number of such factories lies between followed by Mahasu (1,994), Mandi (1,226) and Bilaspur 1 in Lahul & Spiti. and 77 in Mahasu. Mandi (990). These dis'triets together account for about district is at the top by returning 9 factories falling 77 percent of the total factories in the state. The in the employment range of 100 persons and above.

MAP 85

FOOD PROCESSING, BEVERAGES AND TEXTILE INDUSTRIES (1971)

This map shows the distribution of important Simla, Mahasu and Sirmaur districts. Palampur food processing, beverages and textile industries in area is known for the production of quality tea in the the state. In each districtl circles proportionate to Pradesh. As per information supplied by the Chief the number of workers engaged by each industry are Inspector Factories, Himachal Pradesh, 9 units em drawn at the locational point of industry. Figures inside ploying 119 workers are engaged in tea processing or outside of the circles indicate the number of activities etc. In addition, dairy industry is also factories. Each industry is differentiated by hatch located in this valley at Yolo Flour mill is located ing as shown in the legend of the map. The smaller at Simla while backery and confectionery and fruit units, which do not fall under the definition of preservation factories are mainly concentrated in Factories Act, are not included in the maps of this Solan. Mohan Meakin Breweries & Distillery and series at serial No. 85 to 88. National Cereals Products located at Solan and Kasauli are important factories falling in the large Himachal Pradesh is industrially under develop scale sector. These units provide employment to ed state of the couritry. With the advent of planning 699 workers and are engaged in the manufacturing era, a beginning has be,en made in this direction by of liquors and beer. The products of these units are providing adequate incentives for the establishment marketed throughout the country. Industrial units of various agro-based industries in the state. In engaged in the maunfacture of textile garments are addition, efforts have also been made to set up indus· concentrated at Nahan, Paonta Sahib, Kulu and trial estate at suitable places in the state. Food Nurpur. processing, beverages and /textile industries are mostly concentrated in Palampur valley of Kangra, Source: Chieflnspector of Factories, Himachal Prades h, 1911.

MAP 86

WOOD-BASW INDUSTRIES (1971)

• This map depicts the distribution of wood-based made with regard to the establishment of such industries in the state. Wood-based industries are industries. Lack of adequate resources, entrepre grouped into three categories as shown in the legend neur and infra-structural facilities etc., are also res· of the map. The technique for drawing of map is ponsible for the non-setting up of forest-based similar to the preceding one. industries. According to latest data 40 saw mills providing employment to' 105 workers are working in the state. These units being small are widely 1')1is state is endowed with a variety of rich scattered in Mandi, Kangra, Kulu and Mahasu forests resources. About 38:50 percent area of the districts. In addition, 10 units employing 375 state is covered by the forests implying thereby that workers are engaged in saw milling and in the manu there is an ample scope for establishing wood-based facturing of furniture in the state. industries. But forests resources·· have not been ' fully exploited and much headway could not be SOllrce : Chief Inspector of Factorles, Himachal, Pradesh, 1911.

MAP 87

METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC, MINERAL BASED, ENGINEERING, SCIENTIFIC, RUBBER AND CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES (1971)

This map shows the distribution Of metallic and categories of such industries have been given in the non-metallic, mineral-based, engineering, scientific, legend of the map. The method of drawing the map rubber and chemical industries in 1971. The is similar to the preceding one.

176 Due to the construction of Beas-Sutlej Link ing employment to about 225 workers. The follow Project and other allied construction activities, ing table gives the number of industrial units and: Sundar Nagar and Pandoh have the concentrations workers: of structural iron and steel units, clay products, stone dressing and crusl1ing industries. These Industries No. of Workers industries have provided employment to 1,019 units workers. The gun manufacturing units with 87 2 workers are mostly located in Mandi while the Metallic 2 567 Nahan Foundry at Nahan employing 521 workers is the leading manufacturer of the agricultural imple Non-metallic 7 590 ments in the state. During the last two decades, Engineering 7 622 steps have been taken to diversify the industrial Scientific 5 114 activities in the state as a result various new indus Chemical tries have sprung up. Optical, scientific, medical 6 644 and surgical instruments are manufactured at Solan Total and Paontja Shih. Syn,theVic, rosin and terpentine 27 2,537 factories are located in Nahan and Bilaspur provid- SoUrce: Chief Inspector of Factories, Him(!chal Pradesh, 1971.

MAP 88

TRANSPORT AND :EQUIPMENT INDUSTRIES (1971)

This map shows the distribution of transport In addition, electrical repair workshops employ and equipment industries in 1971. Classification of ing 390 workers are also functioning in different such industries is shown in the legend of the map. parts of the state. These workshops are mostly con rhe technique for drawing the map is similar to centrated in Sundar Nagar, Pandoh and Slapper in map No .. 85. Mandi and Sansarpur in Kangra districts. Workshops There are 42 transport repairing workshops in the engaged in the repairing of earthmoving, drill, heavy state. Of these units, th~ maximum number viz., machinery and equipment used in construction: 21 employing 2,509 workers are engaged in the re works etc., are mostly concentrated in Sundar Nagar, pair of motor vehicles, motor cycles and other auto Pandoh and Sansarpur. There are 14 such work mobiles. Maximum number of these workshops (8) shops providing employment to about 1,618 workers. has been reported from Mandi district followed by Bilaspur, Simla and Una (3 each), Sirmaur (2) and Sonrce : Chief Ins;>ectQr of Factories, Himachal Pradesh, 197 J. Mahasu and Chamba districts (one each).

MAP 89

RURAL POPULATION IN ELECTRIFIED VILLAGES (1971)

This map depicts the percentage of rural popUla tahsil of Chamba district do not have even. singl~ tion living in electrified villages to total rural popu electrified village. The following table gives tahsil/ lation at tahsil/sub-tahsil level in the state into five sub-tahsil wise percentage of population living in categories as shown in the legend of the map. electrified villages : TahsiIs/sub-tahsils having no electrified villages are left blank. State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsils Rural Per centage- The perusal of the map reveals that 34.29 percent population to total Iving in Rural ti of the total rural population of the state have been electrified Popula Olb returned from th~ vipages having electricity villages facilities. The tahsils having mOre than 56 percent of 2 3 rural popUlation living in electrified villages are Kalpa, Nachar, Bilaspur, Ghamarwin, Kotkhai, Jubbal and Himachal Pradesh 1,103,537 34'29 Kumharsain. Ten tahsils/sub-tahsils fall in the Chaurah 8,850 ]3·19 range of 42.01-56.00 percent. In this range the maximum percentage of population of (55.13) living Pangi in electrified villages has been repgrted from Sangla Chamba 19,925 27 ·95 while Paonta Sahib (45.69 percent)' is at the tail end. Bhattiyat 30,549 53 ·48 The third and fourth ranges witl/28.01-42.00 and 14.01- 28.00 percen~ accounts for l~Jahsils/sub-tahsil~ each. Brahrnaur 2,402 8·87' The proportIOn of population living in electrified Nurpur 47,565 31·45 villages is below 14.01 percent in 7 tahsils. The Kangra 83,309 46 ·40' lowest percentage of rural popUlation living in electri_ 114,167 51·43 fied villages is recorged in Barsar (3.92) while Brah Palampur maur (8.87) is second lowest and Chaupal tahsil (9.29) Dera Gopipur 33,501 15·69 is the third lowest. Hamirpur 38,405 18 ·53 Hangrang, Poo and Morang tahsils of Kinnaur Amb 18,014 18 ·44 and Spiti tahsil of LahUl & Spiti district and Pangi

1"'" State/Tahsils/Sub·IUhsiis Rural Percentage to State/Tahsils/Sub·lahsils Rural Percentage to Population total Rural Population total Rural living in Population living lU Population electrifi ed electrified villages villages ----- 2 --3 2 Barsar 3,657 3-92 Jubbal 13,799 63 ·13 Una 41,847 36 ·71 Kotkhai 16,8'00 69 ·18 Jogindar Nagar 39,398 48 ·97 Theog 15,427 33'60 Mandi Sadar 56,960 50·94 Kasumpti 13,187 38·48 Sarkaghat 39,588 38 '55 Solan 18,205 51'51 Chichot 14,657 20 '39 Chaupal 4,341 9·29 Sundar Nagar 27,568 52 ·81 Simla 3,620 23 '59 Karsog 8,713 18 ·19 Kandaghat 19,826 33·47 Kulu 33,501 36 ·33 Nalagarh 12,588 17 ·14 Banjar 3,533 10·29 Rajgarh 10,487 41 '96 Ani 6,497 24 ·57 Pachhad 5,334 21.74 Nirmand 5,574 19 ·48 Nahan 2,465 10 '25 Lahul 4,340 26 '56 Rainka 11,083 28 ·47 :Spjti Shillaj 6,440 13-51 Ghamarwin 72,909 61·91 Paonta Sahib 35,392 45 ·69 Bi!aspur Sadar 38,978 57 ·73 Hangrang Arki 21,482 47 ·25 Poo Seoni 8,502 38 ·17 Morang Kumharsain 21,272 69 ·04 Kalpa 9,170 84·99 Rampur 22,399 41·35 Nachar 8,745 61'56 Rohru 25,720 40 ·88 Sangla 4,646 55·}3

MAP 90

RURAL WORKEas IN CONSTRUCTION, TRANS· PORT AND COMMUNICATIONS (1971)

This map shows the percentage of workers in construction, transport, storage and communi

MAP 91

URBAN WORKERS IN CONSTRUCTION, TRANS PORT AND COMMUNICATIONS (1971)

This map depicts the percentage distribution of No. of urban Percentage the workers engaged in construction, transport, stor StatejTahsiis/Sub-tahsiis i Workers in to total Construction, Workers age and communications to total workers~in the urban Transport, Storage and Communi. areas at tahsil/sub-tahsil level in the state which has cations been -divided into four categories as shown in the leg 2 3 end of the map. The entirely rural tahsils/sub-tahsils ------have been left blank. Himachal Pradesh 19,288 23'31 As evident from the map 23.31 percent of the total Chamba 430 12 ·79 441 22-35 urban workers in the state are engaged in construc Bhattiyat Nurpur 205 17.54 tion, transport, storage and communications and this Kangra 821 10 ·04 proportion is much higher as compared to figures of Palampur 105 11·84 rural areas. The highest percentage of urban Hamirpur 174 13 ·14 workers engaged in construction, transport and com Una 297 10·73 munications to total urban workers is recorded in Jogindar Nagar 177 11 ·13 Sundar Nagar (70.59) followed by Mandi Sadar (44.68). Mandi Sadar 3,873 44 ·68 Sundar Nagar 5,913 70 ·59 This very high percentage of workers in I these areas 852 21 ·33 is mainly due to workers employed in the con Kulu Ghamarwin 38 4-66 struction of Beas-Sutlej, Link Project. In 8 tahsils/ Bilaspur Sadar 421 17 ·30 sub-tahsils, this proportion of workers ranges bet 30 7 ·71 ween 15.01-23.50 percent. The lowest and highest Arki percentage in this range has been report~d from Rampur 111 10 ·53 Nalagarh (15.16) and Kasumpti (22.48} / tahsils Theog 46 8·04 respectively. In another 8 tahsils/sub-ta:hsils, this 69 22 ·48 percentage varies between 10.75-15.00' percent. In Kasumpti the remaining 6 tahsils, the propgrtion of urban Solan 547 15 ·77 workers in construction, transport and communica Simla 3,379 15 '57 tions is belo\y 10.75 percent. The lowest percentage Kandaghat 348 13 ·63 of urban workers in these .activities is found in 161 15 ·16 Ghamarwin (4.66) and Arki with 7.71 percent i~, Nalagarh second lowest. The following table gives tahsil/sub Pachhad 42 11 ·63 tahsilwise percentage of workers in construction, Nahan 656 14-59 transport, storage and communications to total 152 12 ·26 workers in the urban areas : Paonta Sahib 179 MAP 92

DENSITY OF SURFAC]D ROADS (1971)

This map shows the variation in the density of roads. The high density of roads (above 1,200 Km) per surfaced roads in the state in terms of kilometres per 10,000 Km2 of area is noticed in the parts of Kangra, 10,000 Km 2 of area, Surfaced roads are plotted on Bilaspur and Mandi districts. This area of high den the base map in grids of 10,000 Km2 each. The Jength sity of roads is surrounded by narrow zone of mode-· of roads in each of these grids is measured and these rately high concentration of roads (1000-1200 Km) figures are plotted by isopleths at suitable interval as embracing Simla, western Mahasu and central parts shown in the legend of the map. I of Mandl. In Sirmaur, central Mahasu, eastern . Mandi and north-western parts of Kangra district, the The physiography of the area reflects great density of surfaced roads ranges between 800-1,000 1 influence on the density of surfaced roads. South Km. The denisty of surfaced roads declines conti western part of the state which is comparatively less nuously towards north-eastern parts of the state. undulating has higher proportion of roads than the The lowest concentration of roads, (below 200 Km) per north-eastern portion of the state. North-eastern 10,000 Rm of area is found in Lahul & Spiti, Pangi part of the state is most rugged and mountainous, and parts of Chaurah tahsil of Chamba district, which has greatly hampered the construction of

MAP 93

MOTOR VEHICLES REGISTERED (197,1)

This map depicts the distribution of motor vehi No. of No. of Motor cles registered per 10,000 population at district level State/Districts Motor Vehicles regis- in the state., . The number of motor vehicles which Vehicles tered per registered 10,000 of -inc1udes cars, taxis, buses and trucks etc., has been population worked out per 10,000 of popUlation for each district 2 and figures thus - obtained are~ grouped into four ------ranges as explained in the legend of tht;! map. Himachal Pradesh 5,'194 16·74 Chamba 331 12 ,97 In Himachal Pradesh, the number of motor vehi cles registered per 10,000 of popUlation as a whole Kangra 1,168 8 ·81 comes to 16.74. The highest number of motor vehi Mandi 1,402 27 ·21 cles per 10,000 persons comes in Simla (37.95) follow 166 8 ·63 ed by Mandi (27.21) district. The ratio of motor vehi Kulu cles varies between 11.01-27.00 in Mahasu, Sirmaur, Lahul &Spiti 12 5 'Ill' Bilaspur and Chamba. This ratio is moderately high Bilaspur 403 20 ·69' due to implementation of various development pro Mahasu 836 18·99 jects and the emergence of horticulture/agricultural 37·95 products especially potato and apple as main exports Simla 824 of these areas. Kangra, Kulu and Lahul & Spiti Sirmaur 640 26 ·12. districts each fall in the proportion range of 3.01- Kinnaur 12 2 ·4r 11.00. The lowest number of motor vehicles register ed per 1D,000 of population has been recorded in source: -(i) Registering and tiCer.sing Kinnaur (2.41). Authorities, Himachal ~radesh, 1971. (ii) Census, 1971.'

MAP 94

WORKERS IN TRADE AND COMMERCE (1971)

This map depicts the percentage distribution of maximum number of tahsils/sub-tahsils (17) falls in workers engaged in trade and commerce to total wor the range of 1.71-2.60 percent and are more close to' kers at tahsil/sub-tahsil level in the state and has the state average (2.48). Of these tahsils, 7 are in been divided into five ranges as displayed in the Mahasu, 3 in Kangra, 2 in Sirmaur and 1 each lenged of the map. in Chamba, Mandi, Bilaspur, Simla and Kinnaur districts. The proportion of trade and commerce wor Only 2.48 percent of the total workers in Hima kers ranges between 0.81-1.70 percent each in 16' chal Pradesh as a whole are engaged in trade and tahsils/sub-tahsils. The percentage of workers em commerce. The highest percentage of workers enga ployed in trade and commerce to total workers is ged in trade and commerce is found in Simla tahsil below 0.81 percent in the remaining 7 tahsils/sub (13.. 33) followed by Solan (5.18), Nahan (5.08), Kangra tahsfls and can \be termed as areas of low percentage (4.06) and Palampur tahsil (3.63). The proportion in as these tahsils/sub-tahsils are either completely rural 8 tahsils/stib-tahsils viz., Chamba, Nurpur, Una" Amb, or have towns with very small population. In addi Kulu, Sundar Nagar, Mandi and Kandaghat is com tion, these are located in the interior of the state and paratively high and varies between 2.61-3.50. The are sparsely populated, Ti{e following table gives

180 tahsil/sub-tahsilwise percentage of workers in trade and comme' lce to total working population: Workers in Percentage State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsils Trade and to total State/TahsilsjSub-tahsiis Workers in percentage Commerce Workers Trade and to Total Commerce Work~rs 2 2 3 Himacbal Pradesh 31,748 2'48 Bilaspur Sadar 769 2 ·45 Chaurah 251 0'81 Arkl 288 1·56 Pangi 40 0'52 seoni 143 1·18 Chamba 840 3 '15 Kumharsain 343 2-43 Bhattiyat 570 2·36 Rampur 570 1·92 Brahmaur 69 0'52 Rohru 458 2·14 Nurpur 1,192 2-97 Jubbal 227 1·91 Kangra 2,599 4-06 Kotkhal 214 1·76 Palampur 2,006 3-63 Theog 462 1 ·87 Dera Gopipur 1,350 2 ·49 Kasumpti 400 2·16 Hamlrpur 1,589 2-20 Solan 841 5 ·18 Amb 605 2-73 Chaupal 213 0'76 Barsar 453 1·78 Simla 3,760 13-33 Una 1,081 3·46 Kandaghat 811 3-33 Jogindar Nagar 648 1·93 NaJagarh 462 1 ·84 Mandl Sadar 1,820 3 ·32 Rajgarh 208 2-01 Satkaghat 492 1·22 Pachhad 160 1-39 Chichot 226 0'86 Nahan 638 5-08 Sundar Nagar 791 3-01 Ranika 200 1 ·03 Karsog 236 1·04 Shlllai 92 0·48 Kulu 1,395 3 ·01 PaonIa Sahib 758 2 ·43 Banjar 174 0·86 Hangrang 15 0·74 Ani 109 0·90 Poo 39 1-IS Nlrmand 69 0·47 Morang 39 0·87 Lahul 124 1014 Kalpa 119 1·73 Spit! 69 1 '57 Nachar 98 1·20 Ghamarwin 584 1 ·23 Sangla 39 o·75

MAP 95

WORKERS IN SERVICES (1971)

This map shows the percentage of workers en The proportion of workers in services to total gaged in services to total working population at working population ini7'tahsils/sub-tahsils varies bet tahsil/sub-tahsil level in the state which has been ween 5.01-7.00 percen,t. I The highest and lowest per divided into six categories as explained in the legend centage of workers in the category of services in this of the map. range is recorded in Rajgarh (6.~2) and Pangi (5.23), respectively. In another 8 tahsils, the proportion of Of the total workers (1,278,632) as many as workers in services is comparatively low and varies 134,168 have been found working in services account between 3.01-5.00 percen~. The jlowest percentage ing for 10.49 percent ,of the total workers. The !pro of workers employed in services to total workers has portion varies between 45'!}1 percent in 'Siinla ,tahsil been found in Ninnand (2.10) closely preceded by and 2.10 percent in Nirmand tahsil. Simla tahsil ex hibits high percenatge of workers in services due to Banjar (2.2Q), Ani (2.23,), 'ShUlai (2.42) and Chaupal (2.57) tahsils. The following table gives the propor Simla town whicH ii; the biggest town serves the seat tion of workers engaged in services to total workers of the state government and copcentration lof other central government oflkes. Workers in services at tahsil/sub-tahsi11evel : (above 16 percenJ) is also Ihigh in Kangra,' IPalampur, StateJTahsils/Sub-tahsils Workers in percentage Kandaghat and Nahan tahsils. The percentage of Services to total workers in services to total working population varies Workers between 11.01-16.00 percent in 10 tahSils/sub-tahsils. 2 3 The largest number 1of tahsils (15) 'iaUs in the range 134,168 10·49 of 7.01-11.00 percent and the same.is close to the Himachal Pradesh state average (10.49). These tahsil~/sub-tahsils are Chaurah 1,133 3 ·64 distributed three each in Mandi, Kinnaur and Mahasu, Pangi 400 5 '23 two each in Chamba and Bilaspur and one each in Chamba 2,906 10 ·89 Kangra and Kulu districts.

181 Percentage Percentage Sta te/Tahsils/Sub.tahsils Workers in to total State/TahsilsISub·tahsils Workers in to total Services Workers Services Workers 2 3 2 3 Bhattiyat 2,483 10'28 Seonl 931 7-67 Brahmaur 489 3-67 Kumharsain 1.266 8 ·96 Nurpur 5,750 14·30 Rampur 2,739 9·22 Kangra 10.657 16 ·66 Rohru 1.013 4'72 Palampur 9.764 17-71 Jubbal 585 4-92 Dera Gopipur 7,729 14 '26 Kotkhai 604 4 '96 Hamlrpur 7.890 10 ·93 Theog 1,141 4-61 Amb 3.405 IS ·36 Kasumpti 2.229 12-06 Barsar 3.169 12·44 Solan 2.375 14-63 Una 4.477 14-33 Chaupal 722 2'57 Joglnda r Nagar 2,747 8 ·19 Simla 12,953 45 ·91 Mandi Sadar 5.402 9-86 Kandaghat' 4,047 16'62 Chichot 1.525 5 ·82 Nalagarh 1.455 5 ·78 Sarka ghat 2.532 6 '25 Rajgarh 715 6·92 Sundar Nagar 2.048 7080 Pachhad 613 5·33 Karsog 958 4'23 Nahan 2.440 19'44 Kulu 4.499 9-70 Ralnka 762 3-93 Banjar 448 2'20 shillai 464 2·42 Ani 283 2·33 Paonia Sahib 1.888 6·06 Nirmand 308 2-10 Hangrang 178 8 ·74 Lahul J,702 15-69 Poo 498 14 ·74 Spill 590 13-43 Morang 389 8 ·64 Ghamarwin 3.471 7-30 Kalpa 1.875 27·25 Bilaspur Sadar 3.350 10·66 Nachar 562 6 '88 Ark! 1,065 5 ·78 Sangla 544 10·47

MAP 96

WORKERS IN VARIOUS SERVLCES (1971)

This set of four maps shows the percentage of Kangra and Shnla districts fall in the range of 14.01- workers in various services at district lever in the 20.00 percent. The lowest percentage of workers in state which has been divided into four categories as educational and scientific services to total worker_s in explained in the legends. services has been observed in Kinnaur (9.27) and Lahul & Spiti (12.48). A. ,.Public Services. : C. Medical and Health Services: Out of the total 134,168 workers engaged in ser vices as many as 74,566 (55.58 percent) workers are Persons emploYed in medical and health services engaged in public services. The highest percentage constitute 6,24 percent pf the total workers in: ser of workers in public services to total workers in ser vices. The highest percentage of workers has been vices is recorded in Kinnaur (76.84) fono~ed observed in Sirmaur (10.16) followed by Chamba by Lahul & iSpiti (69.76). The maximum (9.15). The maximum number of districts (4) falls number of districts (4) falls in th~ range of in the range of :5.Q1-7.00 percent. Kangra and :Lahul 52.01-63.00 pereent, The pl"Oportion in th~s ,range & Spiti districts have been claSsified in the \ lowest varies oetween 53.'79 in Kulu and 62.84 percent in range of below 5,01 percent. Kangra. In Mahasu and Chamba, the proportion of D. Personal and other Miscellaneous Services : workers in public services to total workers in services is '49.45 and! 48,00 percent respectively. The lowest This category of workers constitutes 7.80 percent of percentage of workers in public services is found in the total workers 'in services in the ,state as a whole. Sirmaur (36.24) followed by Mandi (40.09). Sirmaur and Mandi districts each share a proportion of ahove' 8.50 percent. Five districts fall in the B, Educational Scienttific Services : range of 4,51-8,50. IThe variation in I this range is The number of workers in educational and scien between 7.05 in MahasUl and 8.35< percent in Simla. tific services comes to 27,077 ior 20.18 percent ofl the The proportion of workers in personal and other mis total workers in services, Sirmaur (27.09) exhibits cellaneous .services varies between 2.51-4.50 ,percent the highest percentage of workers in educational in Lahul & Spiti and Bilaspur. Kinnaur district scientific services closely followed by Mahasu (26.50). having the lowest percentage (2.30) of workers in per In Chamba, Mandi, Kulu and Bilaspur districts this sonal and other miscellaneous services is at the tail proportion varies between 20,0l,26.00 percent while end. 182 MAP 97

SCHEDULED CASTES (1911)

This map depicts the percentage distdbution of Percentage Tolal Scheduled of Sche. :scheduled castes to total population of the date at State/TahsilsjSub-tahsiis Caste Popula· duled Castes tahsil/sub-tahsil level into five ranges as shown in lion, 1971 to total Popu· lation, 1971 the legend of the map. 2 3 As per 1971 Census, 769,572 persons have been re ported scheduled castes oonstituting 22.24 percent of Joglndar Nagar 15,761 18 ·66 the total population of Himachal Pradesh. The maxi Mandl Sadar 40,480 30 ·05 mum concentration of scheduled castes has been Sarkaghat 22,476 21'89 'found in Ra.jgarh (42.87), Nirmand (41.52), Rainka (41.48), Pachhad (38.50) and Kandaghat (37.20) per Chlchol 21,777 30'29 cent of the total population of the respective tahsils. Sundar Nagar 19,148 26 ·05 In 14 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the percentage of scheduled Karsog 14,889 31'08 ·castes to total population varies between 27.01-36.00 Kulu 20,434 percent. Of these, 8 are in Mahasu, 3 lin Mandi and 19 '85 one each in Kinnaur and Sirmaur districts. General Banjar 8,655 25 ·20 ly the concentration of scheduled castes is very high Ani 7,388 27 ·94 in south-eastern portion of the state. The maximum Nlrmand 11,884 41'52 number of tahsils/sub tahsils (20) falls in the range of 18':01-2'7.00 percent. These tahsils form a contiguous Lahul 227 1-39 region embracing parts of IKangra, Mandi, Ku1u and Spitl 14 0·19 Bilaspur districts. The lowest and highest percentage of Ghamarwin 28,485 23 '79 'scheduled castes in this range is recorded in Sangla (18.55) and Jubba1 (26.56) tahsils. The percentage Bilaspur 19,170 25 '54 of scheduled castes to total population varies between Arki 13,104 27 ·99 9.01-18.00 percent in 9 tahsi1s. Of these tahsils, Seoni 5,651 25 ·37 '1 are locaied- in Kangra and Chamba district51. Kumharsaln 8,993 29 ·19 The lowest concentration of scheduled castes below 9.1 percent is lobserved in the tribal area~ of Pangi of Rampur 18,810 33'12 Chamba district, Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur districts. Rohru 18,306 29'10 The following table gives the percentage of scheduled Jubba! 5,80S 26'56 ·castes population at tahsil/sub-tahsilleve1 : Kotkhai 5,681 23 ·39 Theog J2,994 27 '51 Percentage State/Tahslls/Sub-t ahslls Total Scheduled of Scheduled Kasumpti 11,332 32·44 Caste Popula· Castes to IIon,1971 Total Popu. Solan 15,]71 33 '37 lallon,1971 Chaupa! 13,515 28 ·91 2 3 Simla 11,680 16 '22 Himachal Pradesh 769,572 22·24 Kandaghat 25,308 37 ·20 Chaurah 12,774 19 '04 Nalagarh 17,069 22 ·14 Pangi 742 5 '37 Rajgarh 10,715 42·87 Chamba 12,953 15'59 Pachhad 9,836 38 ·50 Bhattiyat 8,201 ]2 '78 Nahan 10,491 26·18 Brahmaur 3,599 13 '30 Rainka 16,147 41 ·48 Nurpur 27,549 17 '72 Shillai 9,555 27'83 Kangra 21,410 10 '32 PaonIa Sahib 17,205 21'20 Palampur 50,842 22 '65 Hangrang 104 3 '33 Dera G oplpur 35,070 16·43 POD 797 13 ·64 Hamlrpur 41,308 19 '58 Morang 475 6 ·38 Amb 20,831 21'33 Kalpa 2,560 23 ·73 Barsar 17,558 ]8 ·81 Nachar 4,170 29 ·36 Una 18,910 15 '21 Sangla 1,563 18 '55

MAP 98

SCHEDULED TRIBES (1971)

I This map shows the percentage distributions of been classified into five categories as explained in the scheduled tribes to total popu).a.tion in each o.f the legend of the map. tahsil/sub-tahsil of the state. These percentages have

183 Of the total population, 141,610 persons have been reported as scheduled tribes. In other words, sche State/Tahsils/Sub-tahsiiS Tctal Scheduled Percentage Tribes POPu of Sche duled tribes constitutes 4.09 percent of the total popu lation, 1971 dUled Tribes lation in tbe state. Lahul & Spiti district, Pangi and to total Popu Brahmaur fahsils of Chamba district and Hangrang, lation, 1971 - Morang and Sangla tahsils of Kinnaur district have the maximum concentration of scheduled tribe popu 2 lation. In these areas, the percentage of scheduled tribes to total population is Iabove 70.40 percent. In Sundar Nagar 642 0 ·87 Kalpa, Nachar and Poo tahsils, the proportion of sche Karsog 307 0·64 duled tribes varies between 30.41-70.40 percent . .This Lahul 11,971 73 ·25 is mainly due to the fact that non-migrant inhabitants of these areas are classifiable as scheduled tribes. In Spiti 5,980 83 ·10 Chamba, Chaurah and Bhattiyat tahsils, the percent. Ghamarwin 2,237 1·87 age of scheduled tribes ranges between 10.41-30.40 Bilaspur Sadar 2,999 4 ·00 percent. The maXlimum number of tahsils (17) falls 155 0 ·33 in the range of 0.4Wo.40 percent while in another Arki seven tahsils/sub-tahsils, the proportion is below 0.41 Seoni 124 0 '56 percent. Kangra, Kulu and Slmla districts are devoid Kumharsain 182 0 ·59 of scheduled tribes population. The following table 1,030 1 '81 gives the proportion of scheduled tribes population at Rampur tahsil/sub-tahsil level : Rohru 306 0·49 JubbaJ 9 0·04 Kotkhaj 95 0·39 Theog 26 0·06 Percentage StateJTahsiis/Sub-tahSils Total Scheduled of Sche- Kasumpti 225 0'64 Tribes Popu- duled Tribes lation, 1971 to total popu Solan 1,270 2·79 lation, 1971 Chaupal 549 1-17

2 3 Rajgarh 71 0·28 Pachhad 260 1·02 Himachal Pradesh H),610 4-09 Nahan 2,186 5 ·46 Chaurah 7,C02 10·44 Rainka 3 0·01 Pangi 12,590 91·07 Shillal N Chamba 16,314 19 ·63 Paonta Sahib 634 0·78 Bhattiyat 15,749 24·55 Hangrang 2.576 82 ·43 Brahmaur 19,809 73-19 Poo 3,914 67 ·01 Jogindar Nagar 1,786 2-11 Morang 6,510 87 ·42 Mandi Sadar 1,928 1·43 Kalpa 5,734 53 ·15 Sarkaghat 1,021 0·99 Nachar 8,922 62·81 Chichot 59 0·08 Sangla 6,434 76 ·34

MAP 99

'fEN NUMERICALLY MAJOR SCHEDULED CASTES (1971)

This map shows the distribution of first ten major and Kandaghat tahsils of Simla and Solan and Arki scheduled castes as returned in 1971 Census in each tahsils of Mahasu. of the tahsils/sub-tahsils of the state. Scheduled castes with 2,600 persons or above in each tahsil and Kabirpanthi, Ju~ha or Keer claims the third sub-tahsil are considered as a major one. The first position amongst scheduled castes in terms of numeri ten are shown in the map by different symbols, each cal strength. The concentration of Kabirpanthi is . representing 1,000 persons as explained in the legend mainly confined to PaIampur, Dera Gopipur, Kangra, of the map. Hamirpur, Barsar, Amb, Sarkaghat, Mandi Sadar. Ghamarwin and Nalagarh tahsils. Doom or Doomna Numerically Koli or Kori is by far the most im is next important major caste! in the state. This caste portant major scheduled cast~ in the state. This is mainly found in Nurpur, Palampur and Hamirpur caste is mainly distributed in Sirmaur,. Mahasu, Kulu, tahsils of Kangra and Mandi 'Sadar of Mandi district. Simla: and Sundar Nagar, Mandi, Sadar, Chichot and Other major scheduled castes such as Julahe, Lohar, , Karsog of Mandi and Palampur tahsil of Kangra dis Balmiki, Sipi, Hali and Ad-dharmi are sparsely distri tricts. In other areas, Kalis have very sparse con buted all over the state. The tribal areas of Lahul centratiJons. Cllamar, Jatia Chamar or Mochi etc .. & Spiti, Kinnaur except Nachar and Pangi, Brah is second 'major caste which is particularly concen maur and :i3hattiyat of Chamba district are devoid of trated in Kangra, Mandi Bilaspur, districts, Nalagarh major scheduled castes popUlation. 184 MAP 100

MAJOR SCHEDULED TRIBES (1971)

This map depicts the distribution of major sche other tahsils of district. Kanaura or Kinnara (35,546)' duled tribes at tahsil/sub-tahsil level in the state. All is the second major scheduled tribe in the state. scheduled tribes having a population of 1,000 and above Kinnaur district is mainly inhabited by this tribe. in a particular tahsil/sub-tahsil are considered as major scheduled tribes. These scheduled tribes have Gujjar is a nomadic tribe having pastoral occupa been shown by different symbols, each representing tion. This tribe moves about from place to place. 1,000 persons as explained in the legend of the map. Gujjars have been mainly reported from Chaurah, On the basis of numerical strength seven tribes Chamba, Jogindar Nagar, Mandi Sadar, Bilaspur, Solan have qualified to be major scheduled tribes in one or and Nahan tahsils. Jad, Lamba, Khampa, Bhot or more than one tahsil/sub-tahsil of the state. Amongst Bodh have their. concentrations in Lahul & 'Spiti all the major tribes, Gaddi (50,061) is by far the most district and Pangi tahSil of Chamba district. Pangwal important scheduled tribe in terms of its numerical and Swangla ar~ mainly concentrated in Pangi and strength. This tribe is mainly concentrated jn Lahul tahsils, respectively. The concentration of' Chaurah, Chamba, Bhattiyat and, Brahmaur tahsils of Lahaula is confined to Pangi tahsil only. To sum up, Chamba district. Brahmaur in fact, is the real abode the concentration of major scheduled tribes are in of the Gaddies from where they wander around to Chamba, Kinnaur and Lahul & Spiti districts.

MAP 101

MAJOR RELIGIONS (1971)

This map shows the percentage distribution of Mahasu. Muslims occupy the second position sharing population belonging to five major religions-viz., Hindu. U5 percent of the total popUlation. The highest per Muslim, Christian, Sikhs, Buddhist and Jainism in centage of Muslims is recorded in Chamba (5.57 per respect of each district of the state. For each district, cent), while the lowest is in Kinnaur (0.06 percent). a square proportionate to the total population is drawn Sikhs and Buddhists account for 1.30 and 1.04 percent and it is divided into 100 grids each representing one of the total population, respectively. Buddhists are percent of the population under any of these religions. mainly concentrated in Lahul & Spiti (61.53 percent) These religions are differentiated by colours as shown and Kinnaur (14.22 percent). There is very smalf in the legend of the map. Christian population in the state and they constitute only 0.10 percent of the total population. J ains are' The bulk of the population of Himachal Pradesh only 626 in number and form a very negligible pro is formed by Hindus accounting for 96.08 percent of portion of the total population. the total population. This proportion varies between The following table gives the percentage share of 37.48 percent in Lahul & Spiti and 98.75 percent in the major religions in respect of each district :

Percentage or Religion to total population State/Districts --~ ------Other reli- ReligionS gions and not staled Hindus Muslims Christians Sikhs Buddhists Jains persuu- tions ------~------~2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Himachal--~------Pradesh 96·00 1'45 0·10 1·30 1-04 0·02 0'01 N Chamba 92·90 5 '57 0'20 0'34 0'99 N Klngra 97-36 0'89 0'06 1'45 0'22 0'01 N 0'01 Mandi 98 '12 0·61 0'03 1'l0 0'14 N N N Kulu 96·44 0'21 0'18 0·43 2'73 0·01 N N Lahul & Spiti 37-48 0·12 0·42 0'45 61 '53 N N N Bilaspur 97'99 1'30 0'02 0·68 N 0'01 N N Mahasu 98 '75 9'67 0'06 0'35 0·16 0'01 N N Simla 92·41 2'00 0·45 4 '49 0'49 0'10 0·06 N Sirmaur 92'60 4·47 0'16 2 '18 0·47 0·05 0·07 N Kinnaur 85 ·25 0·06 0'07 0,39 14 ·22 0·01 N

N-Negligible.

MAP 102

LITERACY (1971)

This map depicts the percentage of literates' to level in the state which has been divided into three total population excluding age-group 0-4 at district ranges as explained in the legend of the map.

18~ As per 1971 Census, the proportion of literates to observed in the contiguous region comprising of Bilas. total population comes to 37.30 percent, as a whole. pur, Mancli, Mahasu, Kinnaur and Lahul & Spiti dis in Himachal Pradesh. The highest percentage of lite tricts. The literacy rate in this region varies between racy is recorded in Simla (44.49) closely followed by . 31.66 in Kinnaur and 38.44 percent in Bilaspur. In Kangra (44.04) district. Comparatively high rate of Kulu and Sirmaur districts, the effective literacy rate literacy falling between 29.01-39.0'0 percent has been is below 29.01 percent while Chamba with 21.93 per cent is at the bottom end.

MAP 103

CHANGE IN LITERACY (1961--"':71)

This map brings out the decadal (1961-71) change Change in Liter acy 1961-71 in the proportion of literates to total population ex eluding age-group 0-4 at district level in the state. Pe'centage 'The district wise values have been clivided into four Literates to total ranges as displayed in the legend of the map .. populatlon excluding Percentage State/Districts Age-group 0-4 gain ~(1961-71) The percentage of effective literacy has increased 1961 1971 from 24.37 in 1961 to 37.30 percent in 1971 in the state 2 4 as a whole. The highest growth of literacy is record _.,-.. ___,-- ed in Bilaspur (15.61 percent) while Chamba .district -shows the lowest increase (6.48 percent) in the lite Himachal Pradesh 24'87 37'30 + 12 '43 racy. A contiguoU! region of high growth of literacy Chamba 15 ·45 21 ·93 + 6·48 (12.01-15.00 percent) extends in the east and Iwestern Kangra 29·89 44 ·04 +14·15 direction embracing Kangra, Mandi, Knlu, Lahul & Mandl 21·70 35 ·99 +14·29 'Spiti and Kinnaur districts. The comparatively high gain in literacy is due to the expansion of educational Kulu 15-48 28 ·42 + 12 ·94 facilities during the decade resultipg into increased Lahul & Spiti 19-42 31 '83 +12'41 ·-enrolment in the educational institutions. In Mahasu Bilaspur 22 ·83 38 ·44 +15-61 and Sirmaur districts, the gain in literary rate varies 'between 9.01-12.00 percent. The growth of literacy Mahasu 22 ·41 33 ·47 +11·06 is below 9.01 percent in Simla and Chamba districts. Simla 37 ·72 44 ·49 +6·77 The following table gives the percentage of lite Sirmaur 17 ·91 28 ·:0 +10 ·29 racy to total population at district level during 1961- Kinnaur 17 ·36 31 ·66 +14 '30 '71 :

MAP 104

MALE LITERACY (,11)71)

This map shows the percentage of male literates ween 47.01-54.00 percent in Bilaspur, Mandi, Kinnaur to total male population excluding age-group 0-4 by and Lahul & Spiti! districts. The range of 40.01-47.00 choropleth method at district level in the state which percent covers the districts of Kulu and Mahasu. The bas been diyided into four categories as displayed in percentage of male )literates is below 40.01 percent in the legend of the map. The percentage of rural and Chamba and Sirmaur districts. urban male literates has been shown by proportionate bars in each district. The proportion of urban (74.73 percent) male lite rates to total urban males is very high as compared The proportion of male literates to total males to rural (48.15) male literates. The percentage of ur .excluding the age-group 0-4 is 50.32 percent in the ban male literacy fluctuates between 65.10 in Kangra state as a whole. The highest percentage of male and 77.82 percent in Simla. The lowest and highest per literacy is recorded in Kangra (57.37) followed by centage of rural male literacy is recorded in Chamba 'Simla (55.27). The variation in male literacy is bet- (29.00) and Kangra (57.04).

MAP 105

CHANGE IN MALE LITERACY (1961-71)

This map brings out the decadal (1961-71) change 16.00 percent) is found in the north-eastern parts of in the percentage of male literates to total male popu the state covering Kinnaur, Lahul & . Spiti and Kulu lation excluding age-group 0-4. at I district level in districts. The maximum number of districts (4) falls the state which has been divided into four categories in the range of 12.01-16.00 percent. In this range, .as explained in the legend of the map. Mandi district has recorded an increase of 15.93 per cent while this increase is only 12.41 percent in Sir The proportion of male literates to total males ex manf. The gain in the male literacy fluctuates bet ,eluding age 0-4 has risen from 37.62 percent in 1961 ween 8.01-12.00 percent in Mahasu and Chamba while to 50.32 percent in 1971 in the state. A contiguous Simla (5.65 percent) exhibits the lowest gain in the region of high growlh rate of male literacy (above male literacy during 1961-71. 186 The following table gives the proportion of male Percentage of M'Ie literates percen- 'literates to total males excluding age 0-4 at district to t(!lal Male popu- t age gain 1evel during 1961-71 : lation excluding (1,961-71) State/D istricts ---_--_---Age-group 0-4 1961 _----1971 2 --4 Percentage of Male literat Percenta- Mandi 35 ·31 51 ·24 t15·93 to total Male popu- tage gain lalion excluding (1961-71 : Kulu 25 ·72 42·56 +16·84 State/Districts Age-group 0-4 Lahul & Spiti 30 ·94 47 '88 t16 ·94 1961 1971 Bilaspur 37 ·12 52 ·31 +15·19 2 4 Mahasu 35 ·05 46 ·81 +11·76 49 ·62 55 ·27 +5·65 Himachal Pradesh 37 '62 50 '32 +12 '70 Simla 26·45 38 ·86 +12-41 Chamba 23'68 32 ·48 + 8·g0 Sirmaur 29·82 48 ·85 +19·03 Kangra 44 '62 57 ·37 +12 ·75 Kinnaur

MAP 106

FEMA.LE LITERACY (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of female literates between 17.01-27.00 percent in Mahasu, Bilaspur and 'to total female population excluding age-group 0-4 at Mandi districts. The'per£.entage of female literates in district level in the state which has been divided into Kulu and' Sirmaur is 12.92 and 15.11 respectively. four categories as displayed in the legend of the map. Chamba, Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur districts form Over lapping bars are inserted in each ·of the district a cnntiguous region of low female literacy (below showing the proportion of rural and urban' female 12.01 percent) in the state. The I rural areas of the literates. state has recorded very low rate of female literacy The proportion of female literates to total females (21-95 percent) and it varies between 6.85 percent in "excluding age-group 0-4 is 23.67 percent in the state: Chamba and 30.54 percent in Kangra. On the other as a whole which is very low as compared to ·the state hand, in the urban areas female literates constitute male literacy (50.32 percent).' Simla exhibits the 60.35 percent of the total urban females and this pr,?, highest percentage (31.43) of female literacy closely portion varies between 49.52 percent in Kangra and fonowed by Kangra (31.19). Female literacy varies 69.31 percent in Simla.

MAP 107

CHANGE IN FEMALE LITERACY (1~1-71)

This map qepicts the districtwise percentage decadal (1961-71) change in female literates to total percen tage of Female Percentage female population excluding age-group 0-4 in the state Literates to total gain Female population (1961-71) which has been divided into four, categories as explain State/Districts excludIng Age-group ed in the legend of the map. 0-4 1961 1971 The female literacy rate in the state as a whole has increased from 11.15 percent in 1961 to 23.67 percent 2 4 in 1971. The maximum increase in literacy rate has Himachal PradeSh 11-15 .23·67 +12-52 been observed in Bilaspur (16.17 percent) closely Chamba SoB5 10 ·61 +4 ·76 followed by Kangra (16.19 perr.ent). The increase in Kangra 15 ·00 31·19 +16 ·19 the female literacy varies between 8. 01~14.00 percent in Kulu, Mandi, Mahasu and Simla districts. These Mandi 8 ·02 20 ·15 +12·13 districts together form a contigUous region of medium Kulu 4-63 12 ·92 +8'29 high growth rates in female literacy. The range of Lahul & Spili 4·19 11 ·65 +7-46 5.01-8.00 percent gain in literacy coversThe districts Bi]aspur 7 ·75 .24 '52 +16·77 of Lahul & 'Spiti, Kinnaur I and Sirmaur. The lowest increase in female liteIiacy is recorded in Mahasu 8 ·16 18 ·62 +10·46 Chamba (4.76 percent). Simla 22 ·08 31'43 +9·35 Sirmaur 7036 15 ·11 +7 '75 The following table gives the proportion of female / Kinnaur 4-43 11 ·94 +7'51 literacy during 1961-71 at the distriWlevel :

MAP 108

LITERATES PER 10.00 OF POPULATION IN AGE 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPU- . LATION IN AGE 15-34 IN RURAL AREAS (1971) This map depicts the regjonal variations of excess 5-14 over literates per 1000 of population in age-group or deficit of literates per 1000 {)f population in age-group' 15-34. in the rural areas at district level in the state.

187 The figures of excess of literates in age 5-14 over age Kangra, Mahasu and Lahul & Spiti districts. In group 15-34 per 1000 of population are grouped into Kulu and Sirmaur the excess of literates in age 5-1'1 three ranges and that of deficient literates are arranged as compared to the age-group 15-34 is below 30. On into two categories as explained in the legend of the the other hand, three districts show lesser number of map and the districts are shaded accordingly. literates in age 5-14 as compared t,o age-group 15-34. The highest value of deficient literates in age 5-14 is

In Himachal Pradesh as a whole there is an excess noticed in Kinnaur (90) followed by Simla (73) I and of 47 literates per 1000 population in age-group 5-14 Chamba (2). This deficiency of literates in age-group' as compared to the age-group 15-34. The highest 5-14 per 10'00 of population in these districts may be excess of literates in age-group 5-14 'is exhibited in on account of higher proportion of workers in various Bilaspur (144) followed by Mandi (54). The excess services and lesser enrolment at the primary level of of literates in age-group 5-14 varies between 30-49 in education.

MAP 109

LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPULATION IN AGE 5-14 OVER LITERATES PER 1000 OF POPU- LATION IN AGE 15-34 IN URBAN AREAS (1971)

This map depicts the regional variations in excess (6) are deficit in the number of literates in age-group' or deficit of literates per 1'000 of population in age 5-14 over the literates in age 15-34, while two 5-14 over literates per 1000 ,of population in age districts reveal the excess of literates in age 5-14. 15-34 in urban areas, at the district level, in the The highest deficit value of literates in agie-group state. The figures of deficit values are grouped into 5-14 is noticed in Kangra (140) followed by Bilaspur three categories and that of excess values in one as (93). The range of 40-80 literates accounts· explained in the legend of the map. The districts for Kulu and Sirmaur. The lowest values of Lahul' & Spiti and Kinnaur are wholly rural. of deficient literates (below 40) in age-group 5-14 are found in Chamba and Mandi districts. Urban areas Urban areas of Himachal Pradesh, as a whole, of Simla and Mahasu on the other hand reveal excess exhibit deficient literates in age-group 5-14 over of literates in age 5-14 over the literates in age literates in age 15-34 to the extent of 50 literates per 15-34 to the extent of 9 and 14 literates per 1000 of' 1000 of population. Maximum number of districts population respectively.

MAP 110

PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF BOYS (1971)

This map depicts the proportion of boys attending primary schools t,o the total number of boys in age group 5-14 in respect of each district in the state State/Districts which have been divided into four ranges as shown in the legend of the map.

Of the total 474,316 boys in age-group 5-14, as many as 330,~21 boys or 69.'73 percent have been Himachal Pradesh enrolled in primary and middle schools in the state. Densely populated districts of J3ilaspur (80.27) and Chamba Kangra (78.19) show very .high percentage of boys Kangra attending schools. In Mandi, Mahasu, Simla and Mandi Lahul & Spiti, the proportion of boys attending Kulu schools varies between 62.01-72;00 percent. In larger parts of the state, enrolment at the primary educa Lahul & Spiti tional level is considerably high due to the expansion Bilaspur of educational facilities and improvement in the Mahasu economic conditi?ns of the people. The percentage ()f boys attending primary schools fluctuates between Simla 52 .. 01-62.00 percent in Kulu, Kinnaur imd Sirmaur. Sirmaur The lowest percentage of boys altending primary and Kinnaur middle schools is observed in Chamba (42.38 percent). -w·,- -.. '. ~ :-r.rllll"~ Source: (i) Director of Education Himachal The following t;ible gives the percentage of boys Pradesh, 1971. ' attending primary schools to total boys in age 5-14 : (ii) C(nsus, 1971.

MAP 111

PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLMENT OF GIRLS (1971)

This map shows the percentage of girls attending each district in the state which has been divided intOl primllry schools to total girls in age-group 5-14 in four categori~ as displayed in the legend of the map. 188 The proportion of girls at the stage of primary The following table gives the percentage of girls level of education to total girl population in age attending primary schools to total girls in age 5-14 : group 5-14 comes to 39.16 percent in the state, as a whole. This percentage of enrolment of girls is con Total Girls in Percentage siderably; low as compared to boys (68.73). The Age-group 5- to total highest percentage of girls enrolled in primary and State/Districts 14 attending Girlsin Age Schools group 5-14 middle schools is noticed in Kangra (50.57). The enrolment of girls in the primary schools varies 2 between 30.91-50.00 percent in Mandi, Bilaspur Hima chal Prad esh 178,440 39-16 Simla and llJahasu districts and these are area~ Chamba 5,042 15 '26 oontiguously concentrated. In Kulu, Lahul & langra 94,558 50 '57 Mandl 23,289 33 '54 Spiti and Sirmaur, this proportion fluctuates between Kulu 5,630 23 ·85 20.01-30.00 percent. The lowest percentage of girls Lahul & Spiti 690 29 ·42 Bilaspur 12,318 46'21 at the primary level of education to total girls in age Mabasu 17,228 31·77 5-14 is found in Chamba (15.26) followed by Simla 11,998 46·40 Sirmaur 6,746 24·03 Kinnaur 17.14. Kinnaur 941 17 ·14

SoUrce ; (i) Director of Education, Himachal Pradesh, 1971. (ii) CensuS, 1971.

MAP 112

SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN PER lOOO OF CHILDREN IN AGE 5-14 (1971) ,

This map shows the number of school going The following table gives the number of children children per 1000 of population in age-group 5-14 at attending primary schools per 1000 of children in ag~ the district level in the state which has been divided 50-14 : into five categories as displayed in the legend of the map. Total Children Children In Age-group attending State/Districts 5-14 attend- Primary In Himachal Pradesh, the number of school lng schools, schools per going children per 100D of children comes to 547 as a 1971 1000 of children In whole. The highest proportion has been observed in Age 5-14 Kangra (64'7) follOWed by Bilaspur (636) '. In Mandi, 2 Mahasu, Simla and Lahul & Spiti districts, the proportion varies between 476-600. These areas are Himachal Pradesh 5,09,161 547 concentrated contiguously except the LahUl & Chamba 19,175 289 Kangra 247,897 647 Spiti district. In Sirmaur .and Kulu districts, the Mandl 72,957 523 proportion varies between 351-475, while in Kinnaur Kulu 19,482 404 and Chamba the nl!.mber of school going children per Lahul & Spit I 2,276 476 1000 of populaition of age 5-14 is below 351. Generally Bilaspur 34,595 636 the ratio of school going children to total children of Mabasu 54,210 493 that age-group depends upon the availability of edu Simla 32,156 593 Sirmaur 22,555 386 cational institutions as well as the density of popula Klnnaur 3,858 349 tion. Source: (I) Director of Education, Himachal Pradesh, 1971. (II) Census,1971.

MAE 113

EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF POPULATION AT HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS (1971) ,

This map shows the proportion of/(nrolment at (54.7). The highest percentage of enrolment at higher the level of higher secondary and higher education to secondary and higher levels of education has been ~otal population in age-group 15;24 at the distr;ict recorded in Simla district( 23.19) fonowed by Kangra level in the state which has been divided into four (16.28), The central-southern parts of the state em ranges as explained in the legend of the map. bracing Mandi, Kulu, Mah.Bsu and Bilaspur districts fall in the enrolment range of 8.51-13.50 percent. In The percentage of enrolment at' higher secondary Chamba and Sirmaur, the proportion of students varies and higher levels of education to total popUlation in between 3.51-8.50 percent. The proportion of enrol age-group 15-24 is 12.57 percent in the state whim , ment is below 3.51 percent in Lahul & Spiti and is bound to be low as compared to primary enrolment Kinnaur districts. 189 . The f~l~owing table gives the percentage of popula hon at hIgher secondary and higher levels of educa State/Districts Population Percentage .tion to total population in age 15-24: in Age-grqup to tolal l5-24 at population seco ndary and in Age-groliP p~~r !ey~'~ 1'5-24 o educahOn Population Percentage , , ;, tn Age-gro!:lP tQ !Plal Stat~/Districts 15-24 at population 2• 3 secondary and In Age-group 'Bllaspur higher levels 15':"24 4,1l7 . 12 ;52 of education Mabasu 6,589 8 ,75 2 3 Simla 9,571 23-19 Sirmaur Himachal Pradesh 74,500 12·57 2,755 6·40 ~amba 2,168 4-90 Klnnaur Kangra 35,885 1~'28 237 2 '71 Mandl 9,856 10 ·91 Kulu 3,179 9·97 Source: (I) lllrectorofEdl!cation,fijmachaIPradesh,1971. Lahul & SPit! 143 HO (II) Census.197L

" EDUCATION~ ENRQLMEN~ Of. MAtES ~T mql!~~ S~~OND~Y ~ND HIGHER LEVELS (1~7!)

This map depicts districtwise variations in the The following table gives the percentage of males proportion of fIw~es a~ the h~r~er secor4~ry ~nq higher at the higher secondary and higher levels of education levels of education to total !flale populatjDn in a~ to t:clt<4 fPa~~s iij age 15-24 : group 15-24 in the state which has been divided into four ranges as shown in the legend of the map. . - Male Percentage population in to total State/Districts Age-group Males In The proportion of educational enrolment of males 15-24 at the Age-group secondary and 15-24 at the higher secondary and higher fevels to total higher revels males in age-group 15-24 is 20.09 percent in the state of,educatlon as a whole. The highest percentage of males at this I 2 3 l~vel of education has been observed in Simla (30.50) Himachal Pradesh 58,500 20'0~ 'followed by Kangra (29.23). In Kulu, Mandi, Mah~&u ,. Chamba" . 1,525 7-01 and BHaspur dlistricrl:is, the propoJ.1tion fluctuates I}.angra 29,526 29 ·23 Mandl' 7,219 16 ·37 between 12.'()1-2400 percent. The I variation in the pro K'Ulu' 2,466 i4 ·81 portion of .enrolment of males at this level of educa Lab!!! &~pjtl 97 3 ·70 Blla~p'ur 3,546 22·73 t~on is between 6.01-12.00 percent in 'Sirmap.r and Maliasu 5,293 13 ·39 Cpamba. The lowest percentage of male stuqents to Slmlfl ~,674 30·50 Sirmaur 1",958 's ·43 , total males in age-group 15-24 has 'been registered in Klnnaur 196 4 ·10 Lahul & Spitt (3.70) the second lowest being Kjnnaur (4.10). Source: (i) plrector of Equcatlon, Himachal Pradesh, 1971. (II) Census, 1971.

MAP 115

EDUCATIONAL ENROLMENT OF FEMALES AT HIGHER SECONDARY AND HIGHER LEVELS (l~m

This map depicts the regional variations in the tutions as well as the Himachal Pradesh University in nroportion of females at the higher secondary and this district. In Kangra, Mandi, Kulu and Sirmaur higher levels of education to total females in age-group districts the proportion of enrolment of females varies , . t. . • '" .,.. ' • ~ • 15-24 at the dIstrict levelm the state whlch has been between 4.01-7.00 perpent wQi~ stqlld~ plose to the .diviqed info fou~ categories as shown in the legend of state figure. mlasPJlr anq. Mapas).l ~stricts fall an the map, " the range of 2.51-4.00 percen~. lIn the sparsely popu - Tpe percentage of females at the higher secondary lated districts of KinIlaur an4 Lap,ul & Spiti, the and higher level' of education to total female popula percentage of enrolment of femaJ!'!s to total fem~le tion in a~e-group 15-24 is only 5.31 percent in lthe population in age 15-24 is below 2.51 percent which state. Scrmla district shows the highest proportion of is partly due to non~availability of higher educa (14.95,perce:qt) females students which may be ascribed tional institutions as well as lack o~ initiative on the to the location of a large number of educ~tional insti- part of the parents towards female education. The following table gives the percentage of females 2 3 at the higher secondary and higher levels to total females, in age 15-24 : Mandi 2,637 S'71 Kulu 713 4-68 Percentage Females III Lahul & spiti 46 2 ·31 Age·group o-fFemales f .' ~ f\' • at the level 15-24 at the Bilaspur 571 3-31 State/Districts level of of secondary and higher secondary and Mahasu 1,296 3-62 higher education" education to total Simla 2,897 14-95 remales in Agel~-~4 Sirmaur 797 4-02 2 Klnnaur 41 1·03 Himachal Pradesh 16,000 5-31

Chamba 643 2'~6 Sou. rce : (I) Director. , of Education, Himachal Pra4es~'1971. Kangra 6,359 5 ·32 (lI) Census, 1971.

MA~P!i

TEACHERS PER 1000 OF STUDENTS AT PRIMARY, SECONDARY, UNIVERSITY LEVEL AND OF ALL G~ADES P~~ ~OO SCHOOL~ g~ ~~¥ 1}.REAIS (1971)

1000 of students at the secondary level is below 50.01 This ~et of four maps q~P!cts the proportion o~ I I I I . Ii 'Wach~rs pe~ lOQP of s.tuqents at the primary, secor:qary in J(angra and K~lu. and uniyersity l~y~J Af ~qucff~ioll ~llil t~rc~~rs of all grades p~r IpO sc~ools hi rural areas at the diStrict C. Teacher~ per 1000 of students at university level level in the state as per legend of maps. of educatipn : At th~ ~Il~versity !evel of e~)lc~tion, the n)lmper pf teacqers per l~qp; oj ~tudeqts ~s 55.27 ~n the A. Teachers per 1,000 of students at primary level state. The hi&~e~r nump~r ~f teacper~ per QOO students .of education : The number of teachers per 1.000 students t. is noticed in Cr,ampr HQ8.q4) followed by Mahasu in primary educational level comes to 38.74 in the state (76.23). In ~C\ngr,a, Stw1a and S~rr:laur districts, the as a whole .. Sparsely populated areas of Lahul & proportion varies between 40.01-72.00, while in Kulu SPiti ard lCinnaur exhibit very high ratio (above 85) and Bilaspur districts it is below 40.01 per 1000 of of teachers at primary level which is mainly due to '1 t'\ .. students. La~ul & Spiti and Kinnaur districts do less' nu~ber of students in the schools. In Chamba not have any {~titutions of uiriversity level. and Sirmaur districts this ratio varies between • ~ I,' ." I t '1 ' " '55.01-75.00. The maximum number of distrids (5) falls in the range of 35.01-55.00 teachers. The lowest :q. Te~c~er~ Of q,H gr~g~~ p'~r tp9 ~Sh9o~ and other number of teachers per 1,000 of stmlents h!ls peen equ~qtiq~a! instit1Lti(m~ i1J, ruiql qre!t : !n ru+~l ~ref~ found tTl Kangra (27.95). of Hiwa~4al PraqfsP, the n~mber of tE!acqers of ~ll gr~~es P'ef fQ~ schoRl~ anq o~her edgcatipr~l tnstitu B. Teachers per 1000 of students at secondqry level HnPR GRfP~§ ~P 2~.?1 ~s q wPQI~ ~~h!ll ~ ~Plti ar}d of educ~tion :. At the'secoodary level of ~ducation, the ~p.amp.fl. ~jstdct~ snm¥ the largest nmnoer o~ te~chers ratio of teachers per 1000 of students comes to 59.01 in more 14fl.11 ~1 'r~r IRg ~~p.ggls. tlie state. The'highe.st number of'teachers per 1000 of students is recorded in Lahul & Spiti (146.85) Kulu I and Sirmaur districts have been categorised followed by Kinnaur (139.24). In Mahasu and ~4emba !p tqe ra;nge Of 2~.pl-~~·9A t~fl~~~rs. Tn~ 1fla~i~um districts this ratio varies between 90.01-130.00 P!1mber pf qi~lric~~ ,~} f~n~ 1n tp~ ~ftU~~ pf ~3.P1-2~.OO teache~s. Mandi, Bilaspur, Simla and Sirmau~ di;tricts while the IlwnR~r of tr!fj1er~ p.~+ lOp' sfhopls is pelow Of fall in the range 50.01-90.00. Number of teachers per ~3.01l!1 !}~PWf 1!ll4 ~il~~pyr.

M.~lF

'f~W.lf~~ f,E.R 1000 Of r,prPLArU)~ I~ , ~UltAL ARE4~ (J~n}

The II}~r. ~~~~pts th~ npIp.'pe~ Sf te~~~er~ R~~ 1000 1·~3 in KlJngr~ a~d R.47 ~n f.,ijRHl & Spiti. It is of pop?leti?n in rHr~l ar~~~ ;t ~i§~pct l~y~l in the ~~~~rally q~s,erv~d t~at iq ~r~!is pf ~c~ttered popula ~t~te 1V~ich h~s be~p':

MAP 118

LtTERATES HOLDlNIG NON~TECHN~CAL AND TECHNICAL DIPLOMA OF CERTIFICATES (1971)

This map depicts the number of technical and except Lahul & Spiti and Kinnaur. The propor non-technical diploma or certificate holders (not equal tion of technical diploma or certificate holders varies to degree) per 10,000 of literates by choropleth method between 11.78 percent in Mahasu and 80.49 percent at the district level in the state which has been divided in LahUl & Spiti. The following table gives the' into four ranges and displayed in the legend of the number of technical and non-technical diploma or map. Besides this, circles proportionate to total certificate holders per 10,000 of literates at the district literates holding technical and non-technical. diploma level: Or certificate (not equal to degree~'are inserted in each district. These circles are then divided into two sectors according to the proportion of technical and No. of Techni cal State/Districts and Non·teChnical non-technisal diploma or certificate holders. dipoma or certi ficate holders per 10,000 oCli tcrates According to 1971 Census, out of a total of 1,105,825 literates in Himachal Pradesh, only 6,578 persons are 2 holding technical and non-technical diplomas or certi Himachal Pradesh 59 ficates. The proportion of technical and non-technical diploma or certificate holders comes to 59 per 10,000 Chamba 30 of literates in the state. This proportion is above 86 Kangra 44 in Lahul & Spiti and Mandi districts. In Sirmaur, Mandi 92 Mahasu and Simla, this ratio varies between 56 and 86. The next range of 40-55 includes Kinnaur, Kulu Kulu 51 and Kangra districts. The number of technical and Lahul & Spiti 122 non-technical diploma Or certificate holders is below Bilaspur 36 40 per 10,000 of literates in Bilaspur and Chamba. Mahasu 77 The non-technical and technical diploma or certi Simla 8S ficate holders share a percentage of 68.21 and 31.79 Sirmaur 85 respectively. The non-technical diploma or certificate Kinnaur 42 holders claim more. than 60 percent in all the districts

, LITERATES HOLDING UNIVERSITY DEGREES! . DIPLOMAS OF THE IGRADUATE LEVEL AND ABOVE (1971)

This map shows the nU!!lber of literates holding The number of persons holding university degrees! university degress/diploma,s' of the graduate level and diplomas of graduate level per 10,000 literates in the above per 10,000 of literates by choropleth method at state comes to 158. The highest number of persons district level in the state which has been divided into holding university degrees/diplomas of graduate level four ranges as explained in tbe legend of the map. and aobve per 10,000 of literates is found in Simla Besides this, circles proportionate to total literates (689) followed oy Chamba (178). The maximum holding university degrees/diplomas of the graduate number of districts (4) falls in the range of 143-173 level and above are inserted in each district and circles and these areas constitute contiguous region in the are then divided into two sectors showing the per southern-eastern belt of the state. In Kulu and Mandi centage share of urban and rural literates holding uni districts, this'ratio varies between 112 and and 142. In versity degrees or diplomas of graduate level and the remaining two districts of Kangra and Bilaspur,. above. 192 their ratio is below 112. The following table gives the No. of lite[ate~ holding Univer81ty number of university degrees/diplomas of graduate Degree/Diploma of level and above per 10,000 of literates at the district State/Districts the Graduate level and above per level: 10,000 of literates ------,-----2

No. of literates ------,------holding University Mandi 123 State/Districts Degree/Diploma of the Graduate level Kulu 124 and above per 10,000 of literates Lahul & Spiti 143 Bilaspur 107 ------.------~~'2 Mahasu J 154 Himachal Pradesh 158 Simla 689 Chamba 178 Sirmaur j 161 Kangra 89 Kinnaur 172

MAP 120

RURAL POPULATION' LIVING IN VILLAGES CONTAINING 25 AND BELOW, 26·50, 51-100 AND ABOVE 100 HOUSES 1(1971)

This map shows the proportion of rural population returned from the rural areas. Of the total 3,218,544 living in different categories of villages at the district rural population in the state, 28.81 percent has been level in the state. The villages are classified into four returned from the villages having more than 10(} categori~s such as villages with 25 and less houses, Census houses. Villages with 51-100 and 26-50 26-50 houses, 51-100 houses and above 100 Census houses account for 24.27 and 25.24 percent of the total houses. Bars proportionate to total population living rural population, respectively. 21.68 percent of popu in these villages are drawn in each district. Scales lation has been returned from the small villages with showing the absolute figures and corresponding per 25 or less houses in the state. The proportion of centages are given on the left and at the right side of population returned from bigger villages is the highest the bar diagraffifD. in Kangra followed by Kulu, Sirmaur and Kinnaur districts. In other districts, medium and small size Out of the total population in Himachal Pradesh villages claim a higher proportion of rural population. n big chunk consisting of 93.01 percent has been

MAP 121

RURAL HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED (197.1)

This map depicts the percentage of households The percentage of households living in a single occupying one, two, three and more than three rooms room accommodation is the highest in Kulu (67.69)' to total households in rural areas at the district level followed by Sirmaur (51.76), Kinnaur (50.72) and in the state. Rhombuses proportionate to the total Chamba (50.04). In other districts, the proportion of number of households are drawn in each district. Each households occupying single room to total households rf these rhombuses is divided into 25 equal parts each varies between 15.87 in Bilaspur and 45.55 percent in pocket representing 4 percent of the total households. Mandi. The percentage of households with two rooms The pockets representing the'households with one, two accommodation to total households fluctuates between three and more than three rooms are shaded differently 19.26 in Lahul & Spiti and 40.70 percent in Kangra. ::Is shown in the legend of the map. The variation in the percentage of households' Out of' the total of 596,686 rural households, 38.91 living in three rooms accommodation is between 4.74 percent occupy single room accommodation in the in Kulu and 20.06 percent in Siinla. . Households state. Households With two and three rooms constitute occupying more than three rooms is the highest in 33.70 and 10.84 percent respectively while households Bilaspur (48.64 percent) closely..'followed by Lahul & occupying more than three rooms form 16.37 percent Spiti (43.90 percent) and Simla (32.86 percent). In the of the total rural households. The proportion of house remaining districts, the proportion of households h'llds with unspecified number of rooms is tnly 0.18 I'\ccupying more than three rooms is less than 17 per-· percent in the state. ? cent of the total households. / / MAP 122

URBAN HOUSEHOLDS BY NUMBER OF ROOMS OCCUPIED (1971)

This map shows the percentage of households to total households in urban area~ at the district level occupying one, two, three and more than three rooms in the state. Rhombuses proportionate to total 193 number of households are drawn in each district and and 11.17 percent of the total urban households in these rhombuses are then divided into 25 equal parts. the state respectively. Households with um'pecified Each of these pockets represents 4 percent of the number of rooms account for 0.95 percent of the total households. The pockets representing the total households. The proportion of households in households with one, two., three and more than three occupation o.f one and two roomed accommodation i~ rooms are shaded differently as shown in the legend high in all the districts of the state. The percentage of the map. The districts of Kinnaur and Lahul & of households occupying single room accommodation Spiti are entirely rural. is the highest in Kulu (55.15) and the lowest is found in Kangra (28.71). The variation in the percentage Out of the total of 5'7,951 census households in the of households living in two roomed accommodation urban areas of the state, 46.46 percent households is between 28.10 in Kulu and 39.77 percent in Kangra. occupy single room accommodation whn~ house The number of households with three and more than holds with two roomed accommodation form 31.45 per three roomed accommodation is moderately high in cent of the total households. Households living in Kangra and Bilaspur districts while in other districts. three and more than three rooms constitute only 9.97 these categories constitute relatively small proportion of the total households.

MAP 123

CENSUS HOUSES ACCORDING TO THEIR USES (1971)

This map depicts the percentage of census houses state. The highest and lowest percentage of such .according to their uses at the district level in the census houses .has been recorded in LahUl & Spiti state in 1971. Classification ot census houses accord (3.84) and Bilaspur district (0.96) resp~tively. ing to their uses is given on the legend of the map. Seven bars proportionate to total number of census Shops excluding eating houses, business houses houses according to their uses have been drawn in and offices constitute 1.91 percent Of the total census each district. Sdples showing absolute figures of houses in the state. Thils category of census houses census houses and their corresponding percentages claims maximum percentage in Simla (2.85) and have been given on the le.ft and the right of bar minimum has been recorded in Bilaspur (1.09). The diagrams respectively. percentage of census houses which are being put to Out of a total of 862,896 census houses, 72.09 per the use ¥ factories, workshops and worksheds is the cent are being utilised for the residential purposes highest in Lahul & Spiti (8.31) while the lowest has in the state. The proportion of census houses put been recorded in Bilaspur (2.51). Census houses put 10 residential uses is considerably high in all the to other miscellaneous uses form 9.78 percent of the dtstricrts and it varies between 48.52 in Kinnaur and total census houses in the state. At the state level, 82.50 percent in Kangra. Census houses used as such census houses are the largest in number, next Shop-cum-residence and workshop-cum-residence in- only to residences. Bilaspur district (20.31 percent) duding household industry constitute 2.38 percent of tops the list in the state in the matter of proportion the total census houses in the state. The proportion of such houses while the lowest (2.44 percent) posi of such census houses fluctuates between 0.59 in Lahul tion in this category of censUs houses is occupied by .& Spiti and 3.48 percent in Sirmaur district. Next Kangra district. Census houses vacant at the time category of census houses which includes hotels, of houselisting operation was conSiderably high i.e., only 1.54 percent of the total census houses in the 8.62 percent of the total census houses in the state. sarais, dharamsalas, tourist homes, inspection The highest proportion of vacant census houses has houses, sweetmeat. shops and eating places etc. forms been recorded in Kinnaur (32.96 percent) while the (lnly 1.54 percent of the total census houses in the lowest has been recorded in Kulu (5.64 percent).

MAP 124

URBAN HOUSEHOLDS IN' RENTED HOUSES (1971)

This map depicts the percentage of households .occupied rental accommodation. The highest per living in rented houses to total households in urban centage of households living in rented houses has areas at the district level in the state which has been been found in the urban areas of Simla (90.96) follow divided into three ranges as shown in the legend of ed by Mahasu district (79.56). In Mandi, Kulu, the map. LahUl & Spiti and Kinnaur districts are Bilaspur and Chamba, the proportion of households entirely rural. occupying rented houses varies between 55.01-75.00 percent. The lowest percentage of households living Out of a total 57,951 census households in the in rented houses have been reported in Kangra urban areas in the state, 41,126 (70.97 percent) have (46.40) and the second lowest being in Sirmaur (50.27). 194 MAP 125

MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS PER 10,90fi OF CENSlTS HOUSES (1971)

This map depicts the regional variations in the census hocses at the district level,: number of'medical institutions including hospitals, 'health centres, clincs and' dispensaries etC., per 10,00,() of census houses at the distrkt level in the state which has been divided into four ranges as displayed in the Number of Number of State/Districts Medical Medical legend of the map. Institutions Institutions per 10,000 of Census houses There are 10.82 medical institutions per 10,'000 of ------1------2------·census houses in the /state as a whole. Thinly popu- 1ated areas of Kinnaur and Lahul & Spiti show IDmachalP~de~h ------9~------1;~- Chamba 99 I 6 (above 19.00) the highest proportion of medical insti Kangra 210 4·3 Mandi 128 7 ·27 tutions per of census housesl• This proportion 10,000 Kulu 50 9·69 8 ·40 'in Chamba and Sirmaur fluctuates between 14.01-19.00 Lahul & Spiti 14 25.75 medical institutions. The maximum number of Bilaspur 52 10 .32 Mahasu 162 13 .90 districts (4) has been reported in the range of 9.01- Simla 84 13 05 14.00 institutions. In Kangra and Kulu: districts Sirmaur 87 14 :87 Kinnaur 49 26 .90 the number of medical institutions per 10,000 of censuis houses is below 9.01. The followin~ tab~e Source: (it Director of Health Services, Himachal Pradesh 1971 gives the number of medical institutions per 1'0,000 (II) Census,I971. ' '

MAP 126

HOSPITAL BEDS PER 100,000 OF POPULATION (1971)

This map depicts the variations in the numb_er of district level : hospital beds per 100,000 of population at tahsil/sub tahsil level in the state which has been divided into 'five ranges as shown in the legend of the map. No. of No. of State/Districts Hospital Hospital The number of hospital beds per 100,000 of popu Beds Beds per lation stands at 132.64 in the state as a: whole. In 100,000 of population 'Chamba, Kandaghat, Solan, Simla, Nahan, Kalpa and ------~------Poo tahsils, the number of beds works out to be 2 above 280. In another 7 tahsils/sub-tahsils, this pro portion varies between 140.01·280.00 beds. The ------~------~- maximum numbeI1 ....of tah~ns/sub-tahsils (16) falls in Himachal Pradesh 4,590 132 ·64 the range of 70.01-140.00 beds which is close to the Chamba 436 170 ·82 state average (132.64). These tahsils mostly compris~ Kangra 941 of areas in the southern-eastern and north central 70 ·90 7 Mandi parts ,I of the state forming 4 district regions. The 510 98 ·99 next range of 35.01-70.00 beds per 100,000 of popula Kulu 103 53 '54 tion embraces 14 tahsils/sub-tahsils. Of these tahsils, Lahul &Spiti 18 76·47 three each are distributed in Mahasu and Kangra, Bilaspur two in Chamba and one each in Kulu, Mandi, Lahul 245 125 ·78 .& Spiti,' Kinnaur, Sirmaur and Bilaspur. In the Mahasu 590 134 ·05 remaining 9 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the number of beds is Simla 1,273 586 ·29 below 35.01. The lowest number of beds per 100,000 Sirmaur 382 'of population has been found in Nirmand (13.98) and 155·90 Amb (14.33) in the state. Kinnaur 92 184-61

The following table gives the total number of Source : (I) Director of Health Services, Himachal Pradesh, 1971 .. beds as well as per lO{),'OOO of the population at the (ii) Census, 1971.

MAP 127

P~IMARY HEALTH CENTRES ,PER 1,00,000 OF POPULATION (1971)

This map depicts the vanations in the number of There are 2.11 primary health centres per! 100,000 primary health centres per 100,000 of population at of population in HimachaL Pradesh as a whole. In 'tahsil/sub-tahsil level in the state whicll has been the sparsely populated areas of Pangi, Lahul & divided into five rang,es as displayed in the legend of , Spiti,' Poo, Nachar, ISangla" the number of primary the map. The areas where there is no primary health health centres is above 4.50 per 100,000 of population. centre have been left blank. The number of primary health centres varies between

195 3.51-4.50 in Brahmaur, Karsog, Ani, Kotkhai and Pachhad tahsils. In 12 tahsils/sub-tahsils, the pro Number of Number of Primary Primary portion of primary health centres I1anges between State/Tahsl :s/Sub. Tahsi Is Health Health 2.51-3.50. The maximum number of tahsils/sub-tahsils Centres, 1971 Centres per 100,000 of (13) falls in the, range of 1.51-2.50. In seven itahsils/ population sub-tahsils, the number of primary health centres per 100,000 of popUlation is below 1.51. 2 3 The folloWing table gives the total number of primary health centres and per 10(},O{),() of population Nirmand at the tahsil Isub-tahsil level : Lahul 6 ·12 Spitl 13-90 Ghamarw[n 2 1·67 Number of Number of Primary Primary BiJaspur Sadar 1-33 State/Tahslls/Sub-tahslls Health Health Centres, 1971 Centres per Arkl 2·14 100,000 of population Seonl 4 ·49' ------.-._------Kumharsain 3 ·25' 2 Rampur 1·76· ------..-. Rohru 2 3-18. Himachal Pradesh 73 HI lubbal Chaurah 2 2 ·98 Kotkhai 4·12: Pangi 7-23 Theog 2·IZ. Chamba 2 HI Kasumptl 2·86· Bhattiyal 2 3 ·12 Solan 2·20' Brahmaur 3-69 Chaupal 2 ·14· - Nurpur 2 1'29 Simla Kangea 1-45 Kandaghat 2 2 ·94' Palarnpu[ 4 1 ·78 Nalagarh 1·30' Deca Gopipur 1 ·41 Rajgarh Harnlrpur 2 ·37 Pachhad 3-91 Amb 3 ·07 Nahan 2 '50' Barsar 2 2 ·14 Rainka 2 ·S?' Una 0·80 ShiIlai 2-91 Jogindar Nagar 2 2 ·37 Paonta Sahib Mandl Sadar 2 1·48 Hangrang Sarkaghat 2-92 Poo 2 34 ·24 Chichot 2 2·78 Morang Sundar Nagar Kalpa Karsog ., 2 4 ·17 Nachar 7-04 Kulu 2 1·94 Sangla 11·87 Banjar 2·91 Source: (I) Director of Health Services, Himachal Pradesh,1971 •. Ani 3 ·78 (i i) Census, 1971.

196 LIST OF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PUBLICATIONS AS ON 25·11.1976

Station Serial Name of the Party Cat. of Agentf. No.

2 3 4

AGRA 1 National Book House, Jeoni Mandi .. (Reg.) 2 Wedhwa & Co., 45, Civil Lines .. (Reg.) 3 Barwari Lal Jain, Publishers, Moli Katra .. (Rest.) 4 Asa Ram Baldev Dass & Sons, Bagb Muzaffarpur .. (Rest.) 5 ]eevan Book Depot., Raja Mandi .. (Rest.) 6 Balgovind Booksellers, Gandhi Road .. (Rest.) 7 Chandra Kant Chiman Lal Vora, 57·2, Gandhi Road, P.B. No. 163 .. (Reg.) 8 New Order Book Co., Gandhi Road, Ellis Bridge .. (Reg.) 9 Sastu Kitab Ghar, Near Relief Talkies Patthar Kava Relief Road .. (Reg.) 10 Gujarat Law House, Near Municipal Swimming Bath " (Rest.) 11 M.ahajan Bros., Super Mar~e~ Basement Ashram Road, Navrangpura .. (Rest.) 12 Hlmanshu Book Co., 10 MISSion Market, Nr. Gujrat College " (Rest.) 13 Academic Book Centre, Bisket Gali " (Rest.) 14 Dinesh Book House, Madalpur .. (Res!.) AHMEDNAGAR 15 y.T. lorwekar Prop. Rama General Stores, Navi Path .. (Rest.) AJMER 16 Book Land, 663, Madar Gate .. (Reg.) 17 Rajputana Book House, Station Road •. (Reg.) ALIGARH 18 Friend's Book House, Muslim University Market .. (Reg.) 19 New Kitab Ghar, Mill Market .. (Rest.) 20 Shalig Ram & Sons, 12, Madar Gate .. (Rest.) ALLAHABAD 21 Kitabistan, 17·A, Kamla Nehru Road .. (Reg.) 22 Law Book Co., Sardar Patel Marg, P.B. 4 .. (Reg.) 23 Ram Narain Lal Beni Madho, 2A, Katra Road .. (Reg.) 24 Universal Book Co., 20, M.G. Road .. (Reg.) 25 University Book Agency (of Lahore), Elgin Road .. (Reg.) AURANGABAD 26 Marathwada Book Distributors, Aurangabad .. (Rest.) ALLAHABAD 27 Bharat Law House, 15 Mahatma Gandhi Marg " (Rest.) 28 Chandralock Prakashan, 73, Darbhenga Colony " (Rest.) 29 Ram Narain Lal Beni Prasad, 2/A Katra Road .. (Rest.) 30 SIS A.H. Wheeler & Co. Pvl. Ltd., City Book Shop .. (Rest.) 31 New Book House, 32 Tashkant Road .. (Reg.) 32 Law Publishers, Sardar 'Patel Marg .. (Res!.) AMBALA CANTT. 33 English Book Depot, Ambala Cantt. .. (Reg.) AMRITSAR 34 Amar Nath & Sons., Near P.O. Majithi Mandi .. (Reg.) 35 Law Book Agency, G.T. Road, Putiigarh .. (Reg.) 36 The Book Lovers, Retreat Hall Bazar " (Reg.) ANAND 37 Vijaya Stores, Station Road .. (Rest.) BALLABGARH 38 Om Trade Well, Unchagaon Gate .. (Rest.) BAD EOGHAR 39 Bhakat Brothers, S.B. Roy Road .. (Rest.) BANGALORE 40 Bangalore Ptg. & Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd., 88, Mysore Road, P.O.B. No. 1807 .. (Reg.) 41 International Book House Pvt. Ltd. 4F. M.G. Road .. (Reg.) 42 M.P.P. House, 87 1st Cross Gandhinagar .. (Reg.) 43 Balajee Book Co., No.2, East Tank Bank Road, Ramakrishanapura .. (Rest.) 44 8.S. Book Emporium, 118, Mount Joy Road, Hanumant Nagar .. (Reg.) 45 Standard Book Depot, Avenue Road .. (Reg.) 46 Vichara Sahitya Ltd., Balepet .. (Reg.) 47 Atma Stores, 5th Cross Malleswaram .. (Rest.) 48 Coming Man, Residency Road, Bangalore .. (Rest.) BANSDRONI 49 SIS Manoj Book Corner, B·20, Niranjan Pally, 24, Paraganas .. (Reg.) BAREILLY 50 Agarwal Bros, Bara Bazar .. (Reg.) 51 Pathak Pustak Bhawan, Ram Narain Part .. (Rest.) BARODA 52 New Medical Book House, 540, Madenzampa Road .. (Rest.) 53 Chandrakant Mohan La\ Sahah Gaini Ambegaokers Wade, Raopura .. (Rest.) BHAGALPUR 54 Paper Stationery Stores, D.N. Singh Road " (Reg.) BARODA 5S Baroda Productivity Council (Book Div.), Baroda .. (Rest.) 56 Hemdip Agencies, Madanzampa Road .. (Rest.) ANANTAPUR 57 Sri Vani Stores, Kamala Nagar .. (Rest.) BHOPAL 58 Lyall Book Depot. Moh. Din. Bldg, Sultania Road . . (Reg.) 59 Bhopal Sahitya Sadan, publishers, Booksellers & StatIOners, 37 Lalwam Press Road .. (Rest.) BHUBANESHWAR 60 Prabhat K. Mahapatra, Bhubaneshwar Marg .. (Reg.) BHAYANAGAR 61 Shah Parsotam Dass Gigabhai, M.G.,Road " (Rest.) BHOPAL 62 Bolpur Pustakalaya, RabindraSarai, P.O. Bolpur, Birbh~m (W.B.) . " (Rest.) BIJAPUR 63 Sh. D. V. Deshpane, Recognised Law Booksellers Prop. Vtnod Book Depot. ne"r Shira. (Re~t.) Ishetti Chowk BELGHARIA 64 Granthloka, 5/1, Ambica Mukherji Road, 24 Parganas (W.B.) " (Rest.) BIKANER 65 Bhadaoi, Br os, Goga Gate . , (Rest.) 66 Gadodia Pustak Bhandar, Fed Bazar '. (Rest) 67 Charles Lambert & Co., 101 M.G. Road .. (R.eg.) 68 Cooperators Book Depot, 5/32 Ahmed Sailor Building Dadar (Reg.) 69 Current Book House, Maruli Land, Raghunath Dadaji Street '. (R.eg.) 70 Current Technical Literature Co. P. Ltd., India House, 1st Floor '. (Reg.) 71 C. lamnadas & Co. , Book sellers, 146·C, Princess Street (Reg.) 72 International Book House Ltd., 9 Ash Lane, M.G. Road '. (Reg.) 73 Kothari BooeDepot, King Edward Road " (Reg.) 74 Lakhani Book Depot, Girgaum " (Reg.) 75 Minerva,Book Shop, 10, Kailash DarsAan, 3rd Floor, Nava Chowk " (Reg.) 76 N.M. rCipathi P. Ltd., Princess Street " (Reg.) 77 Lok Vhangmaya Griha Pv. LId., 190/B, Khetwadi Main Road " (Reg.) 78 World Literature, Pyare Singh Chug House Agra Road " (Rest.) 79 69·A, International Subscription Agency Police Court Lane, Bombay·1 " (Rest.) 80 Swastik Sales Co., Scientific & Technical Booksellers P.B. 6007 .. (Rest.) 81 M & J Services, 2·A, Babri Building .. (Reg,) 82 Popular Book Depot, Lamington Road (Reg.) 83 Sunderdas Gain Chand, 601, Girgaun Road, near Princess Street .. (Reg.' 84 Thacker & Co., Rampart Row (Reg.) 85 I\IUndiaBook Supply Co., 342, KalbedeviRoad " (Reg.) 86 Amalga Mated Press,41, Hamam Street .. (Rest.) 87 Asian Trading Co., 310, the MirabaleeP.M.lS05 .. (Rest.)

197 2 3 4

88 Secretary, Sales tax Practioner Association, Room No.8, Palton Road .. (Rest.) 89 Usha Book Depot, 585, Chira Bazar " (leg.) 90 SIS Taxation Publications, B/22, Sea Gull Apartment, 4-A, Bhula Bhai Desai Road .. (Rest.) 91 Indian Book House Subscription Agency Dr. D.N. Road .. (Rest.) 92 Dhan Lal Brothers, S. Gandhi Road " (Regular) 93 International Publications, P.B. No. 7170, Kurla " (Rest) 94 International Book Linds, Marine Lines (Rest) 95 Bhayani Book Depot, 150, Princess Street (Reguiar) % National Book Centre, Tardeo Air Condition Market (Rest.) 97 Universal Book Corpn. Dhobi Talao .. (Rest.) 98 Subscribers Subscription Services, India 190, Bazzar Gate Stre~t .. (Rest.)

CALCUTTA 99 Current Literature Co., 208 M.G. Road .. (Rest.) 100 Oass Gupta & Co., Ltd., 54/2, College Street " (Reg.) 101 Firma K.L. Mukhopadhya, 6/IA, Banchharma Akrur Lane " (Reg.) 102 Oxford Book Stationery Co., 17 Part Street .. (Reg.) 103 R. Chambray & Co., Ltd., KantHouse P-33, Mission Row Extension " (Reg.) 104 S.C.Sarkat & Sons.P. Ltd.,I.C. College " (Reg.) 105 S.K. Lahiri & Co. Ltd., College Street " (Reg.) 106 W. Newman & Co. Ltd., 3 Old Court House Street (Reg.) 107 rndian Book Dist. Co. C-52, M.Cr. Road " (Rest.) 108 K.K. Roy, 55, GariahatRoad, P.B. No. 10210 " (l{est.) 109 Manimala, 123, Bow Bazar Street .. (Reg;) 110 Modem Book Depot, 78, Chowringhee Cenbes " (Reg.) III New Script, 172/3, Rash Behari Avenue " (Reg.) 112 MukherjeeLibrary, 1, Gopi Mohan Datta Lane " (Rest.) lI3 S. Bhattacharya & Co. 49, DharamtallaStreet " (Rest.) 114 ScienlificBook Agency, 103, NetajiSubhash Road .. (Rest.) 115 P.O. Updhya, 16, Munshi Sardaruddin Lane " (Reg.) 116 Universal Book Disl. 8/2, Ha~tings Street . . ([{est.) 117 N.M. Roy Chowdhury Co.,P. Ltd., 12 M.G. Road " (Rest.) 118 Manisha Granthalaya P. Ltd.,4/3-B, Bankim Chatterji Slieet .. (Re'!.) 119 Sushanta Kr. De, 32/C, GopalBoral Street " (Re~t.) 120 K.P. Bagchi, 286, B.B. Ganguli Street " (Regular) 121 OVerseas publication, 14, Hare Street " (Rest.) 122 A.G. Law Book Slall,5/I-B, GopeLane .. (Rest.) 123 Das Book Agency, 4, Seth Bagan Road ..,' (Rest.) 124 Book Corporation, I-Mangoe Lane, Calcutta '. (Rest.)

- oCHANDIGARn 125 Jain Law Agency Shop No.5, Seetor 22-D .. (Reg.) 126 Mehta Bros, 1933, Sector 22-B " (Reg.) 127 Rama News Agency, Bo)ksellers, Sector 22 '. (Reg.) 128 Universal Book Slore, Sector 17-0 '. (R.eg.) 129 EngliSh Book Shop, 34. Sector 22-D .. , (Rest.) 130 Jain General House, Sector No. 70-72 (2) Sectot 17-D I,.. (Reg.) 131 Jain & Co., 1165, Sector 18-C _ .. (Reg.) 132 Manik Book Shop, 70-72, 5, Sector 17~D .. (Res!.) 133 Naveen Book Agency, 80-82, Sector 17-D .. (Res!.) 134 Chandigarh Law House, 1002, Sector 22-B .. (Rest.)

-CALICUT 135 Touring Book Stall, Court Road .. (Rest.) CUTTACK 136 Cuttack Law Times, Cutlack .. (Reg.) 137 D.P. Soor & Sons, Manglabad .. (Rest.) 138 New Students Store .. (Rest.) CC;}lMBATORI 139 Marry Martin, 9/79, Gokhale Street " (Reg.) 140 Dina Mani Stores, 8/1 Old Post Office Road (Rest.) 141 Continental Agencies, 4-A Sakthi Vihar " (Rest.) 142 Radha Mani Stores, 6O-A Raja Street .. (Rest.)

DEHRADUN 143 Bishan Singh & Mahendra Pal Singh, 318, Chunkhuwala .. (Reg.) 144 Jugal Kishore & Co., Rajpur Road .. (Reg.) 145 Nltionll News Agency, Paltan Bizar .. (Reg.) 146 Sant Singh & Sons, 28, Rama Market .. (Rest:) 147 Universal Book House, 39-A, Rajpur Road .. (Rest.) 148 Natraj Publishers, 52, Rajpur Road .. (Reg.)

DELHI 149 Atma Ram & Sons, Kashmere Gate .. (Reg.) 150 Bahri Bros. 243, Lajpat Rai Market .. (Reg.) 151 Bawa Haikishan Oass Bedi (Gijaya General Agency Delhi, Khata Kedara Chamailian .. (Reg.) Road 152 Bookwells, 85, Sani Narankari Colony, P.B. 1565, Delhi-llOOO9 .. (Reg.) 153 Ohanwant Medical & Law Book House, 1522, Lajpat Rai Market ., (Reg.) 154 Federal Law Depot; Kashmere Gate .. (Reg.) 155 Imperial Publishing Co., 3 Faiz Bazar, Daryaganj .. (Reg.) 156 Indian Army Book Depot, 3, Ansari Road, Daryaganj .. (Reg.) 157 J.M. Jaina ;& Bros. Mori Gate .. (Reg.) 158 Kitab Mahal (Wholesale DiviSion) P. Ltd., 28, Faiz Bazar .. (Reg.) 159 K.L. Sethi, Suppliers of Law Commercial & Technical Books, Shantinagar, Ganeshpura .. (Reg.) 160 Metropolitian Book Co., I Faiz Bazar .. (Reg.) 161 Publication Centre Subzi Mandi, Opp. Birla Mills .. (Reg.) 162 Sat Narain & Sons, 2, Shivaji Stadium Jain Mandir Road, New Delhi .. (Reg.) 163 Universal Book & Stationery Co., 16 Netaji Subhas Marg. .. (Reg.) 164 Universal Book Traders, 80, Gokhle Market .. (Reg.) 165. /Youngman & Co., Nai Sarak .. (Reg.) 166 Amar Hind Book Depot, Nai Sarak .. (Res!.) 167 All India Educational Supply Co., Shi'i Ram Buildings, lawahar Nagar .. (Rest.) 168 B. Nath & Bros., 3808 Charkawalan (Chowri Bazar) .. (Rest.) 169 General Book Depot, 1691, Nai Sarak .. (Reg.) 170 Hindi Sahitya Slmsar, 1543, Nai Sarak , .. (Rest.) 171 Law Literature House, 2546,Balimaran . .. (Rest.) 172 Munshi Ram Manohar Lal, Oriental Booksellers & Publishers, P.B. No, 1165, Nat Sarak ., (Rest.) 173 Premier Book Co., Printers, Publishers and BookselIers,_Nai Sarak .. (Reg.) 174 Overseas Book Agency, 3810, David Street, Darya Ganj-llOOO6 ., (Reg.) 175 Amir Book Depot, Nai Sarak .. (Rest.) 176 Rajpal & Sons., Kashmeri Gate ., (Rest.) 177 Saini Law Publishing Co., Daryaganj .. (Reg.) 178 Moli Lal Danarsi Dass, Bangalow Road, lawahar Nagar ., (Reg.)

198 2 4

.~------•. _------_._------_._---- 179 Sangam Bo'ol{Depot, Main -Market,' Gupia 'Colony ., (Reg.) 180 Summer Bros. P.O. Bida Lines ,. (Rest.) 181 University Book House, 15, U.B. Bangalol'l Road, Iawahar Nag~r, .. (Rest.) 182 Om Law Book House, Civil Court Compound .. (Reg.) 183 Ashoka Book Agency 2/29,. Roop Nagar' (Reg.) 184 Educational Book Agehcy (India) 5·D, Kamla Nasaf ., (Rest.) 185 D.K. Book Organisation, 74·D, Anand Nagar •. .. (Reg.) 186 Hindus!an Book Agency India 17·UB Kawjar Nagar .. (Rest.) 187 Eagle Book Service, Ganeshpura . (Res!.) 188 Krishna Law House, Tis Hazari - .. (Rest.) 189 Raj Book Agency, A·99, Shivpuri . (Reg.) . 190 Indian Decumentation Service, Ansari Road . , , ., (Res!.) 191 Kaushik Stationery, Padam Nagar ., (Rest.) 192 Standard Book Sellers, 402, Kucha (Chandal_ll Chowk) Balaqi, Dariba Kalan ., (Reg.) 193 Modern Book Centre, Municipal F: No ..8, Bangalow Marg, Delhi ., (Rest.) 194 Delhi Law House, Tis Hazari Courl', Civil Wings ., (Rest.) 195 Capital Law House, Viswas Nagar, Shahdra ., (Res!.)

DHANBAD 196 New Sketch Press, Post Box 26, - .. (Rest.) DHARWAR 197 Bhara! Book Depot & Prakashan, Subhas Road .. (Rest.) 198 Akalwadi Book Depot, Vijay Road (Rest.) ERNAKULAM 199 Pai & Co. Broadway (Res!.) ERODE 200 KUmaran Book Depot (Rest.) FEROZEPUR CANTT. 201 English Book Depot, 78, Jhoke Road .. (Reg.) GAUHATI 202 United Publishers, Pan Bazar, Main·Road (Rest.) 203 Ashok Publishing House, MurJidhar Sharma Road " (Rest.)

«JAYA 204 Sahitya Sadan, Gautam Budha Marg. - (Regular) 205 Bookmans ,Nagmatia Garrage, Swarajpuil Road .. (Rest.) GOA 206 Singhal's Book House,P.O. B. No. 70, Near the Church " (Rest.) GURGAON 207 Prabhu Book Servlce,Nai Subzl Mandl - . (Rest.) 'GUNTUR 208 Book Lovers P. Ltd .• Arundelpet, Chowrasta . .. (Reg.)" GWALIOR 209 Loyal Book Depot, Patankar Bazar Lashkar .. (Reg.). 210 Titer Bros., Sarafe (Rest.) 211 Anand Pustak Sadan, 32, Prem Nagar ' (Regular) 212 M.C. Daftari, ProP. M.B. Jain & Bros. Booksellers , Sarafa bshkar (Rest.) 213 Grover Law House near High Court Gall ' - (Res!.) 214 Kitab Ghar, High Court Road (Rest!) 215 Adarsh Pustak Sadan,5/26, Bhau Ka Bazar .. (R:egular) 'GHAZIABAD 216 Jayna Book Agency, Outside S.D. Inter College,G.T. Roa" .. (Rest.) 217 S. Gupta, 342, Ram Nagar .. (Rest~) '.... lIYDERABAD 218 The Swaraj Book Depot, Lakdlkapul (Reg.) 219 Bhasha Prakashan22·5·69, Gharkaman (Res!.) 220 Book Syndicate ,Devka Maha1 opp. Central Bank (Reg.) • UEORIA* 221 Mldanlal Radhakrishna, Deorla (U,P.) .. (Rest.) lIYDERABAD 222 Labour Law Publications,873, Sultan Bazar .' (Reg.) 223 Asian Law HO]lse Opp. High Court .. (Regular) 224 Book Links Corporation, Narayanagoda .. (Reg.) HARDWAR 225 Seva Kunj,Kanshal Bhawan Brahampuri .. (Rest.) HATHRAS 226 Jain Book Depot, Rohtak Wale Nohra, Agra Road .. (Rest.) 227 Shri Ram Prakash Sharma, Hatras (Res!.) ,HUBLI 228 Pervaje's Book House ,Station Road : .. (Reg.) INDORE 229 Wadhwa &Co.,27, Mahatma Gandhl.Road· .. (Reg.) 230 Madhya Pradesh Book Centre, 41, Ahllyap\wi .. (Reg.) 231 Modern Book House ,Shiv Vilas Palace' (Reg.) 232 Swarup Bros., Khajuri Bazar ' - , , (Reg.) 233 Vinay Pustak Bhanda r (Rest.) JAIPURCITY 234 Bharat Law House ,Booksellers &'Publishers,opp. Prem Prakash Cinema. ' .. (Reg.) 235 Popular Book Depot, Chaura Rasia . ,;. . (Reg.) 236 Vanl Mandir Swami Mansingh Highway .. (Reg.) 237 Raj Book & Subs. Agency,16 Nehru Bazar .. (Rest.) 238 Krishna Baok D~pot, Chaura Rasta .. (Rest.) 239 Best Book Co., S.M.S. Highway .. (Rest.) 240 Kishore Book Depot,Sardar Patel Marg .. (Reg.) 241 Rastogi Brothers, Tripatia Bazar, JalpVl' ., (Res!.) )' ,JAIPUR 242 Indian Book House,Fatehpurlka Darwaza , .. (Rest.) 243 Dominion Law Depot. ,Sbah Building, S;M. Highway P.B. No. 23 .. (Rest.) 244 Pitaliya Pustak Bhandar, Mlshra Rajajika Rasta (Rest.) 245 University Book House, Choura RaSIa; " (Rest.) JAMMU TAWI 246 Ralnas News Agency, Dak Bimga10w. . (Reg.) JAMSHEDPUR 247 Amar Kitav Ghar,Diagonal Road,P.B. No. 78 .. (Reg.) 248 Gupta Stores,Dhakidith' , '. ' (Reg.) 249 Sanyal Bros., Booksellers &; News Agents 16, Main Road (Res!.) 250 SJkh;y Trading Co. ,Diagonal Road • (Rest.)

JAMNAGAR 251 Swadehsi Vastu Bhandar, Ratlabai MasJid Road (Reg.) JEYPORE 252 Bhagbathi Pustak Bhandar, Main Road . .. (Rest.) JHANSI 253 Universal Law House ,186 Chandar Shekhar Azad .. (Rest.) .JODHPUR 254 Chopra Bros., Tripolia Bazar, ., (Reg.) 255 Dwarka Das Rathi, Wholesale Books and News Agents .. (Reg,) 256 Kitab Ghar, Sajad Gate .. (Reg.) 257 Rajasthan Ljlw House,High Court Road .. (Rest.) f JABALPUR 258 ModeqlfBook House ,286, Jawaharganj· .. (Reg.) 259 Popular Law House, near Omt! P.O. .. (Rest.) 260 Para's Book Depot~129 Cantt. .' (Rest.) / JULLUNDUR CITY 261 . 'Hazoorina Bros., Main Gate ' .. (Rest.) 262' University Publishers ,Railway Road .. (Rest.) 263 Law BookDepot,AddaBasti,G.T. Road (Rest.)

JHUNIHUNU (RA) 264 Shashi Kumar Sharat Chandra .. (Reg.) KANPUR 265 Advani & Co., P. Box 100, The Mall (Reg.) 266 Sahitya Niketan, Sharadhanad Part (Reg.) 267 Universal Book Stall, The Mall .. (Reg.)

.••. .,.'...... 199 2 3 4

268 Candhl Shanti Pratisthan Kendra Civil Lines .. (Rest.) 269 Law Book Emporium 16/60, Civil Lines .. (Rest.) KAPSAN 270 Parkashan Parasaran,I/90, Namdhar Niwas,Azad Marg .. (Reg.) KHURDA 271 Kltah Mahal, KUI6a (District PUlI)a .. (Rest.) KOLHAPUR 272 Maharashtra Granth Bhandar, Mahdwe r Road ... (Rest.) KUMTA 273 S.\. Kama!, Book sellers and Stationers (S. K~nura) .. (Reg.) KURSEONG 274 A~hoka Brothers, DJrjeelfng .. (Rest.) LUCKNOW 275 Balkrishan Book Co. ,B-12·A, Narala Nagar .. (Reg.) 270 . British Book Dept, 84, Hazaralganj .. (Reg.) 277 Eastern Book Co., 34, Lalbagh, Roa6 .. (Reg.) 278 Ram advani Hazaratganj, P.B. 154 .. (Reg.) 279 Acquarium Supply Co.,213, Falzabad Road .. (Rest.) 280 Civil & Military E:lucatlonal Stores,I06/B Sadar Bazar .. (Rest.) LUDHlANA 281 Lyall Book Depot.. Chaura Bazar .. (Reg.) 282 Nanda Stationery Bhandar, Pustak Bazar .. (Reg.) 283 Mohlndra Bos.,Kastchorl Road .. (Rest.) 284 The Pharmacy News Plndl Street .. (Rest.) MADRAS 285 Account Test Institute I P.O .. 760, Egmoregore .. (Reg.) 286 C. Subblsah Chatty & Co. 62, Rig Street Trlpllcane .. (Reg.) 287 K. Krishnamurty, Post Box, 384 .. (Reg.) 288 P. Vardhachary & Co., 8 Llnghi Chetty Street .. (Reg.) 289 C. Sitaraman & Co., 33, Royapattach High Road .. (Reg.) 290 M. Sachechalam & Co., 14, Sankurama Chatty Street .. (Rest.) 291 Ma6ras s Book Agency, 42, Tlrunangalm Road .. (Re5t.) 292 The Rex Trading Co.,P.B. 5049,111, Pedariar Koly Sueet .. (Rest.) 293 Mohan Pathlppagam & Book Depot. ,3, Pycerafts Trlpllcane .. (Rest.) 294 SwamyPubUshers,P.B. No. 2468 .. (Rest.) 295 Naresh Co. , 3, Dr. Rangacharl Ro, Mylapore .. (Rest.) MANIPUR 296 P.C. Jain & Co.,Jmphal .. (Rest.) MANGALOUR 297 K. Bhoja Rao & Co., Modlal Ball .. (Rest.) MADURAI·A 293 Ezhll Enterprises ,116, Palace Road .. (Rest.) MEERUT 299 Loyal Book Depot, Chhlpl Tank .. (Reg.) 300 Parkash Educational Stores,Subhash Bazar .. (Reg.) 301 Bharat Educational Stores (Regd.) Chhlpl Tank .. (Reg.) 302 Nand Traders,Tyagal Market .. (Rest.) MORADABAD 303 Ram I Book Depot., Station Road .. (Rest.) MHOWCANTT. 304 Oxford BookJ)epot, Station Road .. (Rest.) MUZZFFAR NAGAR 305 B.S. Jain & Co., 71, Abupura .. (Reg.) 306 Gargya & Co., 139 G. New Market (Rest.) MAZAFFARPUR 307 Scientific & Educational Supply Syndicate .. (Rest.) MYSORE 308 R. Vankataramlah and Sons, J(rishnagagendra Circle .. (Reg.) 309 People Book House, Opp. ,lagan Mohan Place .. (Reg.) 310 'Geeta Book House ,New State Circle .. (Reg.) MANDSAUR 311 Nahata Bros., Bookselles & Stationers (Rest.) MUSSOURI 312 Hind Traders, N.A.A. Centre , Dick Road .. (Rest.) NAGPUR 313 W:stern Book D:pot, Residency Road .. (Reg.) 314 The Executive Secretary, Minerallfldustry ASsociation Mineral House, Near All India Radio Square .. (Rest.) NArNITAL 315 Consal Book DepoL,Bara Bazar (Reg.) NADIAD 316 R.S. Desal,Statlon Road .. (Rest.) NEW DELHI 317 Amdt Book Co., Cannaught Circus .. (Reg.) 318 Bhawani & Sons,8·F Cannaught Circus .. (Reg.) 319 Central News Agency,23/90 Cannaught Circus .. (Reg.) 320 English Book Stores,7·L, Cannaught Circus P.B. No. 328 (Reg.) 321 lain Book Agency, C/9 Prem House Cannaught Place " (Reg.) 322 Jayana Book Depot., P.B. No. 2505, Karol Bagh •. (Reg.) 323 Luxmi Book Store, 72. Janpath, P.O. Box 553 .. (Reg.} 324 Mehra Bros. ,50·G, Kalkajl, New Dehll·19 .. (Reg-.) 325 Navyug Traders ,Desh Bandhu Gupta Road, Dev Nagar (Reg.) 326 New Book D:pot, Latest Books ,Periodicals Sty., P.B. No. 96 Cannaught Place .. (Reg.) 327 Oxford Book & Stationery Co., Science House .. (Reg.) 328 peoples Publishing House (P) Ltd., Rani Jhansl Road .. (Reg.) 329 Ram Krishna & Sons (of Lahore) 16/B Cannaugbt Place .. (Reg.) 330 R.K. Publishers ,23 Beadonpura, Karol Bagh .. (Reg.) 331 Sharma Bros.,17 New Markel, Motl Nagar (Reg.) 332 The Secretary, Indian Met., Society Lodl Road .• (Reg.) 333 Suneja Book Centre, 24/90, Cannaught Place .. (Reg.) 334 United Book Agency, 29/1557, Naiwala Karol Bagh .. (Reg.) :ns Hind Book House ,22, Janpath .. (Reg.) 336 Lakshmi Book Depot.,S7, Ragarpura Karol Bagh .. (Rest.) 337 N.C. Kansll & Co. ,40, ModelBasti, P.O. Karol Bagb, New Delhi .. (Res!.) 338 Ravldnra Book Agency, 40/50, Double Storey Lajpat Nagar .. (Reg.) 339 Sant Ram Booksellers ,15, New MiJnlclpal Market, Lodhi Colony .. (Rest.) 340 Subash Book Depot Shop No. III Central Market Srlnivaspurl .. (Rest.) 341 The Secy. Federation of Assoclatlon of Small IndustryofIndia 23/·B-2, Rohtak Road (Rest.) 342 Educational & Comrnerclal Agencies 5/151 Subhas Nagar .. (Rest.) 343 De!hl Book Company MI12 Cannaught Circus (Rest,) 344 Navrang R.B. 7 Inderpuri • (Rest.) 345 Commercial Contacts (India) Subash Nagar .. (Rest. 344 A. Khosla & Co. Anand Niketan .. (Rest.) 341 Books India Corporation New Rohtak Road .. (Regular] 348 S. Chand & Co. Pvt. Ltd. Ram Nagar .. (Rest.) 349 Globe Publications, C·33, Nizamudln East .. (Rest.) 350 Scientific Instruments Stores A·335 New Rajander Nagar .. (Rest.) 351 Jain Map & Book Agency Karol Bagh .. (Reg.) 352 Hukam Chand & Sons 3226 Ranjlt Nagar .. (Reg.) 353 Star Pub Icatlons Pvt. Ltd. 415·B, Asaf Ali Road .. (Rest.) 354 Indian Pub iCltions Trading Corporation A·7 Nlzamudln Estate .. (Rest.) 355 Sheel Trading Corporation 51S777 Sant NarlDass Marg .. (Regular) 356 Supreme Trading Corporation Harrison Chamber .. (Rest.) 357 Jain Brothers New DeIhl .. (Rest.) PALGHAT 358 Educational Supplies Depot. Suitanpet ., (Rest.) PATNA 359 Luxml Trading Co. Padrl Ki Havell .. (Reg.) 360 J.N. Agrwal & Co. Padrl KI Haveli .. (Reg.) 361 Moti La! BanarslDass & Co. Padrl KI Haveli .. (Reg.) 362 Today & Tomarrow Ashok Rajpath .. (Rest.) 363 Books & Books Ashok Rajpath .. (Rest.)

200 ---- 2 3 4

POONA 364 Deccan Book Stall Deccan Gymkhana .. (Reg.) 365 Imperial Book Depot. 266, M.G. Road .. (Reg.) 366 Saraswa', 1321/1, 1.M. Road OPP. Modern High School Bombay Poona Road .. (Regular) 367 International Book Service Deccan Gymkhana .. (Reg.)

368 Raka Book Agencv, Opp. Nath~ 's Chawl Near Appa Balwant Cbowk .. (Reg.) 369 Verma Book Centre 649 Nara yan Path (Rest.) 370 Secy. Bharati Itihasa Samshhodhalla Mandlr 1321, Sadashlv Path ., (Rest.) 371 Vldya Commerce House 379·A Shanwar Path .. (Rest.) PRAYAG 372 Om Publishing House, 842 Daraganj . , (Rest.) PONDICKRRY 313 Honesty Book House 9 Rue DupIix ., (Rest.) PUDUKKOTIAI 374 Meenakashl Pattippagam 4142, Bast Main Street ., (Rest.) 375 P.N. Swaminathan & Co., Bazar Street Main Road .. (Reg.) PUNALUR 376 M.I. Abraham (Kerala) ., (Rest.) RAJKOI 377 Mohan Lal Dossbhal Shah Booksellers & Subs. & Advt. Agent. ., (Reg.) 378 Bhupatrai Parasram Shah & Bros. B.B. Street' ., (Rest.) 379 VlnayBookDepot, Govt. Qr. No.1 behind S.B.I. (Res!.) RAIPUR 380 Pustak Pratisthan Satl Bazar .. (Rest.) RAJAHMUNDRY 381 PachayatAids 10·7-40 FortGate .. (Rest.) RANCHI 382 Grown Book Depot. Upper Bazar .. (Reg.) ROHTAK 383 National Book House, Civil. Road .' (Rest.)

ROORKEE 384 Yashpal & Broth~rs,Station Road ., (Rest.) REWARI 385 Titk Ram Singh Lal .. (Rest.) SANGRUR 386 Punjab Educaional Emporium, Dhurigate . , (Rset.) 387 Gandhi Marg Darshan Pustakalya Sangrur (Pb.) .. (Rest.) SAUGAR 388 YadavBook Stall, Publshers & Booksellers .. (Rest.) SECONDERABAD 389 Hindustan Dairy Pub sihers Market Street . , (Reg.) 390 Minerva Book Centre, 8/72, New Alwal (Rest.) SIMLA 391 Minerva Book House 46 The Mall .. (Rest.) SIUGURI 392 N.B. Modern Agencies, Hlll Court Road . , (Rest.) SIVAKASI 393 Ganesh Stores, South Car Street .. (Res!.) SHOLAPUR 394 Gajanan Book Stores, Main Road .. (Rest.) SURAT 395 Shri Gajanan Pustakalaya, Tower Road . , (Reg.) 396 Gujrat Subs agency Jawahar Lal NehIu Marg, Atwa Lines (Rest.) 397 B.P. Traders, Gasla Building ., (Rest.) SOLAN 398 Jain Magazine Agency, Ward 4/218, Rajgarh Road .. (Regular) TIRUPATI 399 Ravindra Book Centre, Balaji Colony .. (Rest.) TUTICORIN 400 K. Thlagarajan 51 French Chapai Road .. (Rest.) 401 Arasan Book Centre, 462, V.E. Road .. (Res!.) TRICHINOPOLLY 402 S. Krishnaswami & Ca., 35, Subhash Chandra Bose Road ., (Regular) TRIPURA 403 G.R. Dutta & Co., ScIentific Equlpments Supplies ., (Rest.) TRIUCHIRAPPALLY 404 Sri Vldya .. (Rest.) SHILLONG 405 Allied Publications, 13 Oak Indlas ., (Res!.) TRIVENDURM 406 International Book Depot. Main Road .. (Rest.) 401 Reddlar Press & Book Depot, P.B. No.4 ., (Rest) 408 Bhagya Enterprises ,M.G. Road (Rest) 409 Sree Devl Book House, Chenthltta, Trivendrum .. (Rest) TEZPUR 410 JYoti Prakashan Bhawan, Tezpur, Assam (Rest) UDAIPUR 411 Book Centre,Maharana Bhopal College (Rest) 412 Jagdlsh & Co. (Rest) UJJAIN 413 Rama Bros.,41, Mallipura .. (Rest) UllIASNAGAR 414 Raj Book Service (Rest) VARANASI 415 Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office, Gopal Mandir Lane, P.B. No.8 .. (Reg.) 416 Kohinoor stores, University Road Lanka (Reg.) 417 V!swavldyalaya Prakashan, Chowk .. (Reg.) 418 Globe Book Centre :P.O. Hindus University (Rest) 419 Chaukhamba Visva Bharatl, Chowk .. (Rest) VUAYWAWDA 420 Visalaandbra Publishing House (Rest.) VlZEGAPATAM 421 Gupta Bros.(Books) Vlzla Building, Main Road .. (Rest.) 422 The Secretary, Andbra "University General Co., Opp. Stores (Rest.) VELLORE 423 A. Venkatasubban,Law Booksellers .. (Reg.) WARDBA 424 Swarajeya Bhandar, Rathl Market (Reg.) 1.. Government of India Kltab Mahal, Unit No. 21, Emporia Bulldln!!, Baba Kharak Singh Marg, New Delhi (Phone 343108) 1 2. Government oflndia Book Depot, 8, K.S. Roy Road, Calcutta (Phone No. 233813) I For Local ~ Sales 3. Sales Counter, Publication Branch, Udyog Bhawan, New Delhi. Phone No. 372081 J 4. Sales Counter, Publication Branch, C.B.R. Building, New Deihl 1 5. Government of India Book Depot, Ground Floor, New C.G.O. Building, Manine Lines ,Bombay·20 J

201 -----~-~-- ._------2 ------1. T\~ !\13istant Director, Extension Centre,Bhull Road,Dhanbad. 2. Tn) <\.;s istant Director, Extension Centre ,Santnagar, HYderabad-l S. 3. T\) <\ lsistant Director, Gover~ment ofIndia,S.I.S.,I MinlstryofC. &1., Extension Centre, Kaplleshwar Road,Belgaum. 4. T;l) Alli3tant Dir~ctor, Extension Centre,Krishna District (A. I.) . 5. Tl! \nistant Director, Footwe~r, Extension Centre,folo Ground No.1, Jodhpur. 6. TiD !\lli,tant Director, [ndustrlal Extension Centre,Nadlad (Guj.). 7. Th~ Dmlopment Commissioner, Small Scale Industries, Udyog Bhawan. 8. The Dy. Director, Tncharge,S.I.S.I. Cio Chief Civil Admn. Goa, Panjim. 9. The Director, Government Press,Hyderabad. 10. The Director, [ndian Bureau ?f Mines, GovernmentoC India, Mlnlstryof SteelMines & Fuel, Nagpur. II. The Director, S.LS.I. Industrial Extension Centre, Udhne-Surat. 12. The En,loyment O~im, Employment Exchange,Dharm' Madhya Pradesh. 13. The E nployment Offlc~r, Employment Exchange,Gopal Bhavan,Morena. 14. Th~ En,loym~nt Officer, Employment Exchange,Jhabuo. 15 Th~ H!ad Clerk, Government Book Depot, Ahmedabad. 16: The fbad Clerk, Photzindographic Press ,5, Finance Rqad, Poona. 17. Tle Offim·in-charge, Assam Government, B.D. Gauhat!. 18. TheOJ./C. E~temionCentre,ClubRoad,Muzaffarpur. 19. The OJ./C Extension Cent~e,Industrlal Estate ,Kokar, Ranch!. 20. The O.l./C. State Information Centre, Hyderabad. 21. The OJ.IC. SJ.S.!. Extension Centre ,Maida. 22. The O.I./C. S.LS.I. Habra, Tabulurla,24 Parganas. 23 The OJ/C. University Employment Bureau, Lucknow. 24: TheO.!.1 S.I.SJ. ChrontanningExtenslonCentre,Tangra,33/1, North TopslaRoad,Calcutta-46. 25. The O.I./S., S.I.S.I. Extension Centre ,(Footwear), Calcutta-2. 26. Tile OlIS. ,S.I.SJ. Mode ICarpentry Workshop, Puyall N~gar, P.O. Burnapur ,24, Parganas. 27. Publication Division, Sales Depot, North Block, New DelhI. 28. The PressOfflcer,Orissa Sectt. Cuttack. 29. The R~gistrar ofCompanies,Andhra Bank Bldg. ,6 Linghl COOtty StreetP.B.1530, Madras. 30. The Registrar of Companies ,Assam, Manlpur and Trtpura, Shillong; 31. The Registrar of Companies ,Bihar Journal Road,Patna-1. 32. The Registrar of Companies ,162, Brigade Road, Banglore. 33. Th~ Registrar of Companies,Everest,lOO Marine Drive ,Bombay. 34. The Registrar of Companies, Gujarat State Samachar l3jdg. Ahmedabad. 35. The Registrar of Companies, Gwallor (M.P.) 36. The Registrar of Companies ,H.No. 3~5-837, Hyder Guda, Hyderabad. 31. The Registrar of Companles,Kerala,70FeetRoad,Ernakulam. M.G.'Road, WestCott. Building, P.O. Boxy 334,Kanpur. 3B. The Reglstrar'of Companies ,Naryanl Bldg, Bracburne Road, Calcutta. ""39. Th~ Registrar of Companies,Orissa, Cuttack Chandl,Cuttack. 40. The Regisqar of Companies ,Pondicherry. 41. The Regist~ar of Companies ,Punjab &HimachalPradesh, Lln~ Road, Jullundur City. 42· Th~R~gistrarofCompanles,Rajasthan&Ajmer,Sh.KumtaPrasad, House, 1st Floor, 'C' Scheme AshokMarg Jalpur 43. The Registrar of Companies ,Sunlight Insurance Bldg.Ajmeil9ate Extension New Delhi. ,. 44. The Registrar of Trade Unlons,Kanpur. . 45. Soochna Sahlta Depot, (State Book Depot) Lucknow. 46. Supdt. Bhupendra State Press, Pattala. 47. SU;ldt. G)V~tQ'nent Press & Book Depot, Nagpur. 48. Supdt. Government Press. Mount Road, Madras. 49. Supdt. GJvernment State ,Stores and Pubs .P.O. Gulzorbagh, Palna. 50. Supdt. Government Printing and Stationery Depot, Rajasthan,Jalpur City. 51. Supdl. Government Printing and Stationery, Rajkot. 52. Supdt. dovernment, Printing and Stationery Punjab, Chandlgarh. 53. Supdt. G)vern'llent State Emporium, V.O.P.Rewa. 54. Dy. CJntroller, Prll1tin~ and Stationery Office Himachal Pradesh,Simla. 55. Supdt. Printing and Stationery, Allahbad, Uttar Pradesh. 56. Supdt. Printing and Stationery, Madhya Pradesh, Gwalior. 57. Supdt. Printing and Stationery, Charnl Road, Bombay. 58. Supdt. State Government Press ,Bhopal. 59. The AsslstantDlrector, Publicity & Information, VidhanSandha,Bangalore. 60. Supdl. Government Press, Trivendrum. 61. Assistant Information Officer, Press information Bureau, Information Centre, Srinagar. {j2. Chief Controller of Imports & Exports, Panjim, Goa. 63. Employment Officer, Emoloyment Exchange Near Bus Stop Sidhi M.P.) 64. ;The Director, Regional Meterological Centre, Alipur, Calcutta. 65. The Assistant Director, State Information Centre, Hubli. 66. The Director of Supplies and Disposal Dept!. of Supply, 10, Mount Road Madras 2. 67. Director General of Supplies and Disposals, N.I.C. Bldg., New Delhi. 68. The Controller of Imports and Exports, Rajkot. 69. The Inspector, Dock Safety, MIL & E. Madras Harbour, Madras. 70. The Insp~cting Assistant Commissioner of Income Tax Kerala, Ernakulam. 71. The Under Secretary, Rajya Sabha Sectt. Parliament House, New Delhi. 72. Controller ofImports & Exports, 7 Porllana Part, Visakhapatnam. 73. The Senior Inspector, Dock Slfety, Botwwalla.Chambers, Sir P.M. Road, Bombay. 74. Controller of Imports & Exports, LB. 14-P, Pondicherry. 75. Dy. Director Incharge, s.r.S.I., Sahakar Bhawan, Trikon Ban Bagicha, Rajkot. 76. The Publicity and Laison Officer, Forest Research Institute, and Colleges, Near Forest, P.O. Dehradun. 77. The Assistant Controller of Imports and Exports, Government of India, Ministry of Commerce New Kandla. 78. The Deputy Director (S.D.) Esplanade East, Calcutta. . . 79. The Director, Government of India, S.LS.I. Ministry of 1. & S. Industrial Areas~B, Ludhiana. 80. The Government Epigraphist for India. . . 81. The Assistant Director IIC S.LS'!. Extension Centre, Varanasi. 82. The Director of Supplies, Swarl!P Nagar, KanP!lr. 83 .• The Chief Controller of L & E., Ministry of International Trade, Madras. 84. The DY. Controller of Custom~, Cust9m House, Visakhapatnalll. .. 85. The Principal OlTicer, Marcantlle Man~o, Deptt. Calcutfl\. 86. The Director, S.l.S.I. Karan Nagar, Snnagar. 87. The Director, llC S.I.S.I.,107, Industrial Estate, Kanpur. 88. The Director ofInspection, New Marine Lies, Bombay-I. 89. The Dy. Chief Controller o(Imports & ~xports, T. .Q. Road, Ernakulam. 90. The Assistant Director, Government Stationery Book Depot, Aurangabad. 91. The Assistant Director, IIC S.LS.L, Club Road, Bubli. 92. The Employment Oiiicer, Talchor. 93. The Director of rnspe~tio.n, pirecl\>rate G. &S., DisP9salj, Ganesh Chandra Avenue, Calcutta. 94. The Collector of Customs, New Custom House, Bombay. 95. The Controller of Imports & Exports, Bangalore. 96. The Admn. Officer, Tariff Commissioner, lUI, Queen's Road Bombay. 97. The Commissioner of Income Tax, Patiaia, 98. The Director, Ministry of I. & Supply (Deptt. of Industry) Cuttack. 99. The Dy. Director of Public Relaljons St~te Inforqlation Centre, Patna. 100. The Officer-in-charge, State Information Centre, Madras ..

202 2 3

10). The Assistant Director S.l. S.M.I. Road, Jaipuf. 102. The Collector ofCustoms,- Madras. 103. National Building Organisation, Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi. 104. The Controller of Communication, Bombay Region, Bombay. 105. The Karnatak University, Dharwar.

106. The Sardar f~tel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar. 107. The Director of Industries & Commerce, Bangalore-l. lOS. The Principal Publications Officer Sending Commission for Scientific & Tech. Terminology, UG.C. auUding, New Pelhi.

109. The Officer IIC JnfQrmation Centre, Swai R~lll Singh Road, Jaipur. 110. The Director-General of Civil Aviation, New Delhi. 111. Controller of Aerodrums, Delhi. 112. Controller of Aerodrums, Calcutta. 113. Controller of Aerodrums, Bombay. 114. Controller of Aerodrums, Madras. 115. The Registrar, Punjab Agri. University, Ludhiana.

116. The Land & Development Officer, Ministry of Health and Family Planning, W. H. & D. Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi. 117. Acting Secretary, Official Language (Leg.) Commission, Ministry of Law, Bhagwan Dass Road, New Delhi. 118. Registrar General, India, 21A, Mansingh Road, New Delhi-II. 119. The Director of Census Operations, Andhra Pradesh, Khusro Manzil, Hydcrabad-4. 120. The Director of Census Operations, Assam G.S. Road, Ulubari, Gauhati-7. 121. The Director of Census Operations, Bihar, Boring Canal Road, Patna. 122. The Director of Census Operations, Gujarat, Ellis Bridge, Ahmedabad. 123. The Director of Census Operations, Haryana, Kothi No. I, Sector 11M, Chandigarh. 124. The Director of Census Operations, Himachal Pradesh, Boswell Simla.-S 125. The Director of Census Operations, Jammu and Kashmir 19, Karan Nagar, Srinagar. '126. The Director of Census Operations, Kerala, Kowdiar Avenue Road, Trivandrum-3. 127. The Director of Census Operations, Madhya Pradesh, Civil Lines Bhopal-2. 128. The Director of Census Operations, Maharashtra, Sprott Road, Bombay (I C.B.R.). 129. The Director of Census Operations, Manipur, Imphal. 130. The Director of Census Operations, Meghalaya, Nangri Hills, Shillong. 131. The Director of Census Operations, Mysore, Basappa Cross Road, Shanti Nagar, Bangalore-l. 132. The Director of Census Operations, Nagaland, Kohima. :133. The Director of Census Operations, Orissa, Chandni Chowk, Cuttack. 134. The Director of Census Operations, Punjab No.72, Sector 5-B, Chandigarh. 135. The Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan Rambag, Place, Jaipur. 136. The Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu 10, ,Poes Garden, Madras-86 .

.137. The Director of Census Operations, Tripura, Duraga Bari, West Compound, Agartala.

138. The Director of Census Operations, Uttar Pradesh, 6 Parj( Road, Lucknow.

139. The Director of Census Operations, West Bengljl, 20 British Jndia Street, 10th Floor, Calcutta-I.

140. The Director of Census Operations, Andaman and Nicobar lshlnds, Port Blair.

141. The Director of Census Operations, Chandigarh, Kothi No.1 012, Sector 8-C, Chandigarh.

142. The Director of Census Operations, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Panaji. / 143. The Director of Census Operations Goa, Damen & Diu, Dr.1A. Borkar Road, Panaji.

144. The Director of Census Operations, L. M. & A. Islands, Kavaratti. 145. The Director of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry, Madras 10, Poes Garden, Madras. 146. The Director of" Census Operations.

147. The Director of Census Operations, Union Territory, Cb,andi~rh. ! 48. The Director of Soc!,,1 Sciences, p«wmentatio!l Centre, New Delhi. 149. The District Employment Officer, District Employment Exchange, Kerala St.).

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150. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.) Customs & Central Excise, ShiIlong. 151. The Assistant Collector of Central Excise, I.D.OJ. Div. Visakhapatnam. 152. The Headquarters Assistant Collector, Central Excise, H}derabad. 153. The Public Relations Officer, Collectorate of Customs, New Custom House, Bombay-I. 154. The Divisional Officer, Collectorate of Central Excise, Integrated Division, Jabalpur. 155. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.) Collectorate of Central Excise, Madhya Pradesh, Vidarbha, Nagpur-440001. 156. The Headquarters Assistant Collector of Central Excise, Guntur (A.P.). 157. The Assistant Collector of Central Excise, Ernakulam 2, Division, ErnakuJam, Cochin-II.

158. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.) Collector of Central Excise, Nungambalckam High Road, Madras·34. 159. The Assistant Collectorate of Central Excise, Divisional Office, Ujjain. ]60. The Divisional Officer, Central Excise Division, Bhopal (M.P.). 161. The Assistant Collector, Central Excise Division, Bhopal (M.P.). 162. The Assistant Collector, Central Excise, M.O.D.I., New Delhi. 163. The Assistant Collector of Central Excise, Integrated Division, Indore.

164. The Director of H.A.U. Book Shop, Nehru Library Building, H.A.U., Hissar (Haryana). 165. The Assistant Collector, Central Excise &Customs, Dhubri. 166. The Assistant Collector, Central.Excise, Cuttack (Orissa). 167. The Assistant Collector, Central Excise, Varanasi (U.P.) 168. The Assistant Collector, Central Excise & Customs, (Rourkela.)

169. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.) Central Excise, New Excise Building, Churchgate, Bombay-400020. 170. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.), Central Excise Bhubaneswar (Orissa). 171. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.), Central Excise, Allahabad. 172. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.), Customs & Central Excise, Cochin. 173. The Deputy Collector of Central Excise, Coimbatore-12. 174. The Assistant Collector, Central Excise Division, Sitapur. 175. The Assistant Collector of Central Excise &Customs, Sambalpur. 176. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.), Central Excise, Kanpur.

177. The Assistant Collector, Central Customs & Excise, JOThat.

178. The Assistant Collector (Hqrs.), Central Excise Palna, C/O Collectorate of Central Excise & Customs, Patna.

179. The Assistant Collector of Customs, Custom House, New Kandla, USTOF AGENTS FOR THE SALE OF GOVT. OF INDIA PUBLICATIONS AS ON 25-11-76 (RAILWAY BOOKSTALL HOLDERS)_ 1. SIs A. H. Wheeler & Co. 15, Elgin Road, Allahabad. 2. SIs Higginbothams & Co. Ltd., Mount Road, Madras. 3. SIs Gahlot Bros. K.E.M. Road, Bikaner. (FOREIGN) 1. Sis Education Enterprise Private Ltd., Kathmandu (Nepal). 2. Sis Aktiebolgat, C.E. Fritzes KU!lgl, Hovbokbandel, Fredsgation.2. Box -1656, Stockholm 16 (Sweden). 3. Reise-und·Ver Kohresverlage Stutt Gart. Post 730, GutenleargstrJee. 21, Stuttgort Mr. 11245 Stuttgart, den (Germany West). 4. S.P.S. Book Centre, Lakshmi Mansion, 49, The Mall, Lahore (pakistan). 5. Sis Draghi Ranchi International Booksellers, Via Govour, T-9-1I, 35000 Padowa, ITLY. 6. Sis of Wepf & Co. Booksellers, English Deptt. ,EISENGASSE is BASEL, SWITZERLAND, 7. Otto BARRASSOWITZ, BJCHHANDIUNG AND ANTIQUARIAL 6200 WIESESBADEN, TAUNUSTRA, GERMANY. 8. SIs A. ASHER & CO. N.V. KEIZERSGRACHT 526, AMSTERDAM, C (HOLLAND). 9. Sis SWETS & ZEITLINGER N.V. 471 &487 KEIZERSGRACHT AMSTERDAM (HOLLAND). 10. M.F. VON PIERS; RECHITRACT 62, EINDHOVEN (HOLLAND). 11. H. K. LOWIS/& CO. LTD., 136 GOWER STREET, LONDON w.e. 1. 12. HERBERT WILLSON LTD., BOOKSELLBRS&SUB-AGENTS 161 BOROUGH LIGHT STREET, LONDON S.E.I. (ENGLAND).

13. BUNCH UND ZEITACHPRIFREN, M. B. H. I-IND EXPORT CROSSO UND, KONNISSI ON BUCH HANDLING INTERNA nON VERLAGSA-USLIEFERUNDENM HAMBARG (GERMANY). 14. SIS STORE NqRDISKE VINDENSKABOGHAN DEL, REMERSGADE 27 D K 1362 COPENHAGEN K. (DENMARK).

15: THE EX·LIBRIS, BUCHHANDEISGELLSCHAFF, HARINNON OSWOLD & CO. K.G. FRANKFURT MAIN (GBRMANY)

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16. DR. LUDWIG HANTASCHEL UNIVERSTTATTAS·BUCHHAN LDUNG, 34, C.OTTINGEN (GERMANY). 17. OTTO KOELITZ ANTIQUATAT 624, KOENIG STING TAUNUS, RERRNWALDSTR-6. (S. GERMANY). 18. ASIA LIBRARY SERVICE, 1841, 69TH AVENYES, CALIFORNIA (U.S.A.) 19. PUBLISHING AND DISTRIBUTING CO. LTD. MITRE HOUSE, 177 REGENT STREET, LONDON W. I. 20. REISE-U-VERK EHRSVERLAG 7 STUTTGART-VAIHINGEN, POSTFAIH·80-0930, HOSIGWIESENSTR-25 (GERMANY). 21. ARTHUR PROBSTHAIN ORIENTAL BOOK SELLERS & PUBLISHER 41, GREAT RUSSEL STREET (LONDON W.c.!.). 22. INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING CO., 38 Kennington Lange, LONDON S.E. II. 23. INTER CONTI ENTAL MARKETING CORPORATION TOKYO, JAPAN. 24. FRIT ZER KUNGL HOVBOKHONDAL AB, STOCKHOLM, 16 SWEDEN. 25. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Bhotahity, Kathmandu, (Nepal). 26. Stechert MacmillioD IDe., 7250, West Field Avenue, New Jersey-08110.

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