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Auguste Et L'asie Mineure Auguste et l’Asie Mineure Laurence Cavalier est maître de conférences en histoire de l’art et archéologie à l’université Bordeaux Montaigne Marie-Claire Ferriès est maître de conférences à l’Université Grenoble-Alpes, ancien membre de l’École française de Rome Fabrice Delrieux est professeur d’histoire ancienne à l’Université Savoie Mont Blanc Illustration de couverture : C. Texier, Description de l’Asie Mineure faite par ordre du gouvernement français de 1833 à 1837, et publiée par le Ministère de l’Instruction publique, Première partie, Paris, 1839, pl. 64. Portrait d’Auguste, Musée Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhague. Ausonius Éditions — Scripta Antiqua 97 — Auguste et l’Asie Mineure textes réunis et édités par Laurence Cavalier, Marie-Claire Ferriès, Fabrice Delrieux — Bordeaux 2017 — Notice catalographique : Cavalier, L., M.-C. Ferriès et F. Delrieux (2017) : Auguste et l’Asie Mineure, Scripta Antiqua 97, Ausonius Éditions, Bordeaux. Mots clés : Triumvirat (Marc Antoine, César-Octavien, Lépide) ; Auguste ; principat d’Auguste (27 a.C.-14 p.C.) ; Guerres civiles (49-29 a.C.) ; Asie Mineure ; Province d’Asie ; Pont-Bithynie ; Cilicie ; Galatie ; administration provinciale ; Domus Augusta ; Âge d’or ; monnaies provinciales romaines ; monnayage romain ; discours monétaire ; nymphée ; salle du culte impérial ; ordre corinthien ; aqueduc ; autel AUSONIUS Maison de l’Archéologie F - 33607 Pessac cedex http://ausoniuseditions.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr Directeur des Publications : Olivier Devillers Secrétaire des Publications : Nathalie Pexoto Graphisme de Couverture : Stéphanie Vincent Pérez Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La loi du 11 mars 1957 sur la propriété littéraire et intellectuelle interdit les copies ou reproductions destinées à une utilisation collective. Toute représentation ou reproduction intégrale ou partielle faite par quelque procédé que ce soit sans le consentement de l’éditeur ou de ses ayants droit, est illicite et constitue une contrefaçon sanctionnée par les articles 425 et suivants du Code pénal. © AUSONIUS 2017 ISSN : 1298-1990 ISBN : 978-2-35613-183-6 Achevé d’imprimer sur les presses de Grá��cas Calima Avenida Candina, S/n E - 39011 Santander Mars 2017 Sommaire Remerciements 11 Avant propos 13 Jean-Michel Roddaz, Introduction 15 I. Auguste et l’Asie Mineure : pouvoir et gouvernement Le “laboratoire” micrasiatique : influences, modèles et adaptations Gilles Bransbourg, L’Asie Mineure et la révolution monétaire augustéenne 23 Arnaud Suspène, Auguste et l’Asie Mineure : l’apport de la documentation numismatique 45 Béatrice Le Teuff, La fiscalité de la province d’Asie au tournant de l’ère augustéenne : un bilan 61 Cédric Brélaz, Auguste, (re)fondateur de cités en Asie Mineure : aspects constitutionnels 75 Frank Kolb, La Lycie sous Auguste : une région entre libertas et provincia 91 Alberto Dalla Rosa, Propriété familiale, pouvoir impérial : origine et gestion du patrimonium d’Auguste en Asie Mineure 101 Anne-Valérie Pont, Cités grecques et administration romaine en Asie Mineure à l’époque augustéenne : l’interaction des normes civiques grecques et des dispositions romaines à travers la question des “droits” des juifs 117 Les agents et les relais de Rome François Kirbihler, Les problèmes d’une mission publique entre République et Empire : P. Vedius Pollio en Asie 129 Karin Sion-Jenkis, Marcus Lollius et le premier gouvernement de la Galatie 153 Ségolène Demougin, Auguste et le droit de cité dans la province d’Asie 177 Gabrielle Frija, Auguste et la concession de la citoyenneté romaine : enquête sur les Iulii en Carie 191 8 Sommaire II. Saeculum aureum ? L’Asie Mineure sous Auguste Le legs des guerres civiles Raphaëlle Laignoux, Reconnaître Octavien et ses concurrents en Anatolie : les allégeances asiatiques durant les guerres civiles de la fin de la République 211 Frédéric Maffre, La cité de Cyzique et Auguste en leur temps 241 De nouveaux cadres de vie Julian Richard, Aquae Augustae in Asia Minori ? Ruptures et continuités dans les eaux urbaines de l’Asie Mineure augustéenne 279 Georg Plattner, Die augusteische Globalisierung als ‘Katalysator’ kleinasiatischer Architektur ? Traditionen und Innovationen eines Epochenwandels 291 Tomaso Ismaelli, Hierapolis di Frigia in età augustea e giulio-claudia : spazi sacri ed immagine urbana tra radici anatoliche e modelli romani 309 Nathalie de Chaisemartin, Octavien/Auguste et Aphrodisias : certitudes et perplexités 331 III. Regards provinciaux sur Auguste Honneurs et patronages : le nouveau pouvoir vu par les provinciaux Christopher Jones, Strabo and the “Petty Dynasts” 349 Marie-Claire Ferriès et Fabrice Delrieux, Un tournant pour le monnayage provincial romain d’Asie Mineure : les effigies de matrones romaines, Fulvia, Octavia, Livia et Julia (43 a.C.-37 p.C.) 357 Julie Dalaison et Marie-Claire Ferriès, Le monnayage des colonies de Pont-Bithynie sous Auguste 385 Athina Dimopoulou, Lesbos sous Auguste. Du renouveau des traités à l’apothéose 399 Des honneurs au culte D. Reitzenstein, Ein Altar für den Caesar-Kult in Tlos 415 Laurence Cavalier et Jacques des Courtils, Le “monument à bucranes” au Létôon de Xanthos 423 Emmanuelle Rosso, En marge du “culte impérial”. Formes et espaces des honneurs statuaires décernés à Auguste en Asie Mineure 443 Jean-Louis Ferrary, Conclusions 471 Cahier des cartes hors-texte 475 Auguste et l’Asie Mineure 9 Abréviations 481 Bibliographie 485 Index des sources littéraires 529 Index épigraphique 537 Index numismatique 547 Index des noms de lieux 553 Index des noms de personnes 559 Résumés 565 Le monnayage des colonies de Pont-Bithynie sous Auguste Julie Dalaison et Marie-Claire Ferriès Volker Heuchert 1, étudiant l’iconographie des monnaies provinciales romaines, soulignait que le long règne d’Auguste avait constitué un tournant fondamental pour la représentation civique. En effet, l’adoption progressive et dispersée des effigies du Prince constituerait, selon lui, une réponse individuelle des cités à leur nouvelle relation avec le pouvoir romain. Cette phase serait plus généralement une période d’adaptation 2. Dans cet esprit, notre article se propose d’étudier le monnayage de Sinope et d’Apamée sous Auguste, en examinant ses conditions d’émission et surtout les types retenus 3. Nous les comparerons aux autres émissions régionales, aux autres monnaies coloniales d’Asie mineure, ainsi qu’aux monnaies d’Empire frappées sous le contrôle direct du Prince. Le but est de montrer, dans ces cas précis, dans quelle mesure ces fondations coloniales ont affiché dans leur monnayage une particularité pontique ou leur identité romaine, si elles ont relayé des messages du Prince, lesquels et à quel rythme. César avait programmé la fondation de trois colonies en Pont-Bithynie. Seules deux ont survécu à la période triumvirale : Apamée et Sinope. Héraclée du Pont a eu une existence fugitive entre 46 et 36 (?) a.C. durant laquelle aucune émission monétaire n’est attestée. Le monnayage de Sinope compte, entre la période triumvirale et la mort d’Auguste, dix-neuf types ; le monnayage d’Apamée, plus restreint, en offre douze. 1 Heuchert 2005. 2 Comme l’a constitué, plus brièvement et pour la seule Bithynie, le gouvernement de Papirius Carbo (61-58 a.C. ?) qui a émis un monnayage relativement abondant (400 000 monnaies), mais de peu de valeur, destiné, semble-t-il, à diffuser dans les échanges courants l’image de la victoire romaine au lendemain de la guerre mithridatique (Güney 2015, 47). 3 La thèse de Pierre-Damien Manisse (soutenue en 2015) étudie le corpus des monnaies provinciales romaines de Sinope (n° 1-20 pour les monnaies triumvirales et n° 21-104 pour les monnaies augustéennes). L’ouvrage récent d’Axel Filges (2015) sur les monnayages des colonies d’Asie mineure s’intéresse quant à lui à toutes les émissions coloniales à l’époque romaine. Les passages concernant plus spécifiquement Apamée et Sinope aux époques triumvirale et augustéenne sont les suivants : histoire des colonies (30-31, 37-40, 58-62 et 66-70) et étude des types monétaires (portraits de la famille impériale, dont César et Agrippa : 122-124, 127-128 ; personnifications, dont celle de la Victoire : 226-229 ; thèmes coloniaux, dont la louve : 232-235 ; autres thèmes, dont les enseignes, la corne d’abondance, le caducée et la charrue : 266, 274, 277 et 286). Le catalogue est fourni sur CdRom et correspond aux entrées du RPC I (Apamée : CdRom n° 17, 52-56, 94, 110 -113, 124 / Sinope : CdRom n° 65-71, 92-93, 95, 102, 115-122, le n° 1524 devant être corrigé et étant en réalité identique au n° 68). J. Dalaison & M.-C. Ferriès, in : Auguste et l’Asie Mineure, p. 385-398 386 Julie Dalaison et Marie-Claire Ferriès Ces monnayages, aux légendes latines, ont en commun de présenter des portraits de César, d’Auguste et de certains membres de sa famille, aux côtés de symboles relevant de la tradition romaine, soulignant la singularité des fondations coloniales dans le domaine provincial hellénophone. Les modèles de ce monnayage sont-ils spécifiquement romains ou suivent-ils un modèle colonial commun à toutes les fondations augustéennes ? N’y a-t-il vraiment aucun lien avec le contexte provincial ? Nous commencerons donc par examiner le matériel à notre disposition, avant de nous pencher sur les thématiques coloniales qui y sont développées et sur le choix des membres de la famille impériale représentés sur les pièces. Le matériel Le récolement des monnaies s’appuie sur le RPC I, corrigé par ses trois suppléments 4. Apamée Période triumvirale : A1 (= RPC I, 2001) AE. 15-16 mm. 2,37 g. 6, 9 ou 12 h. D : tête d’Hermès à dr. R : C I C A D D ; caducée. Fig. A1. RPC I, 2001/1 (Paris, FG 212). A2 (= RPC I, 2002) AE. 15 mm. 2,25 g. 6 h. D : tête d’Hermès à dr. R : C I C A D D ; corne d’abondance. Fig. A2. RPC I, 2002/1 (Paris, FG 213). Éléments sous droit d’auteur - © Ausonius Éditions février 2016 Éléments sous droit d’auteur - © A3 (= RPC I, 2003) AE.
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