Analysis of Pressures to Natural Forests in DENR/B+WISER Sites
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Baseline Assessment: Analysis of Pressures to Natural Forests in DENR/B+WISER Sites Philippines Biodiversity & Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy & Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) 28 January 2015 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by Chemonics International Inc. The Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience Program is funded by the USAID, Contract No. AID-492-C-13-00002 and implemented by Chemonics International in association with: Fauna and Flora International (FFI) Haribon Foundation World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) The author’s views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Agency for International Development or the United States Government. Analysis of Pressures to Natural Forests in DENR/B+WISER Sites Philippines Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience (B+WISER) Program Implemented with: Department of Environment and Natural Resources Other National Government Agencies Local Government Units and Agencies Supported by: United States Agency for International Development Contract No.: AID-492-C-13-00002 Managed by: Chemonics International Inc. in partnership with Fauna and Flora International (FFI) Haribon Foundation World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF) 28 January 2015 CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures................................................................................................................. iii List of Annexes ............................................................................................................... iii Acronyms ....................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ........................................................................................................ v 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 2. Framework and Key Definitions ............................................................................. 2 3. Methods ................................................................................................................. 4 5. Limitations .............................................................................................................. 7 5. Results and Discussion .......................................................................................... 8 Pressures to the Natural Forests in NSMNP .......................................................... 8 Pressures to Natural Forests in Upper Marikina and Kaliwa Watersheds ............... 9 Pressures to Natural Forests in Naujan Sub-Watersheds .................................... 10 Pressures to Natural Forests in the Quinali “A” Watershed .................................. 12 Pressures to Natural Forests in Bago Watershed ................................................. 13 Pressures to Natural Forests in Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park ................. 14 Pressures to Natural Forests in Mount Apo Natural Park ..................................... 16 6. Conclusion and Recommendations ...................................................................... 18 Conclusion ........................................................................................................... 18 Recommendations ............................................................................................... 20 References .................................................................................................................... 22 ANALYSIS OF PRESSURES TO NATURAL FORESTS IN DENR/B+WISER SITES | i LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Dates and venues of RWG ToC workshops .................................................... 4 Table 2. Definition of severity of a pressure to a biodiversity target ............................... 5 Table 3. Definition of irreversibility of a pressure to a biodiversity target ....................... 5 Table 4. Rules for combining severity and scope ratings to get magnitude rating ......... 5 Table 5. Rules for combining magnitude and irreversibility rating to get overall pressure rating ................................................................................................ 6 Table 6. Definition of scope of a pressure to a biodiversity target ................................. 6 Table 7. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in NSMNP ..................................... 8 Table 8. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in Upper Marikina and Kaliwa Watersheds ..................................................................................................... 9 Table 9. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in the Naujan Sub-watersheds .... 11 Table 10. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in the Quinali “A”Watershed ........ 12 Table 11. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in Bago Watershed ..................... 13 Table 12. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park .................................................................................................. 15 Table 13. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in Mount Apo Natural Park .......... 16 Table 14. Pressures to the natural forests as perceived by members of the RWGs. ..... 18 Table 15. Ratings of pressures to the natural forests in program sites .......................... 19 Table 16. Pressure ratings (2014) and forest cover change analysis (2003-2010) in the program sites .......................................................................................... 20 ii | ANALYSIS OF PRESSURES TO NATURAL FORESTS IN B+WISER PROGRAM SITES LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. General model used in the analysis of pressures (threats) (modified from Salafsky 2007) ................................................................................................ 2 Figure 2. Map of pressures to the natural forests in NSMNP .......................................... 9 Figure 3. Map of pressures to the natural forests in Kaliwa and Upper Marikina Watersheds ................................................................................................... 10 Figure 4. Map of pressures to the natural forests in the Naujan sub-Watersheds ......... 11 Figure 5. Map of pressures to the natural forests in Quinali “A”Watershed ................... 13 Figure 6. Map of pressures to the natural forests in Bago Watershed .......................... 14 Figure 7. Map of pressures to the natural forests in Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park .............................................................................................................. 15 Figure 8. Map of pressures to the natural forests in Mount Apo Natural Park ............... 17 Figure 9. Plot graph of pressure ratings (2014) and deforestation rate (2003-2010) ..... 19 LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1. Ratings of Pressures to Natural Forests in NSMNP ...................................... 23 Annex 2. Ratings of Pressures to Natural Forests in Upper Marikina and Kaliwa Watersheds ................................................................................................... 25 Annex 3. Ratings of Pressures to Natural Forests in Naujan Sub-Watersheds ............. 26 Annex 4. Ratings of Pressures to Natural Forests in Quinali Watershed ...................... 27 Annex 5. Ratings of pressures to natural forests in bago watershed ............................ 28 Annex 6. Ratings of Pressures to the Natural Forests in Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park .................................................................................................. 29 Annex 7. Ratings of Pressures to the Natural Forests in Mount Apo Natural Park ........ 30 ANALYSIS OF PRESSURES TO NATURAL FORESTS IN DENR/B+WISER SITES | iii ACRONYMS B+WISER Biodiversity and Watersheds Improved for Stronger Economy and Ecosystem Resilience BMB Biodiversity Management Bureau (formerly Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau BRWFR Bago River Watershed Forest Reserve CENRO Community Environment and Natural Resources Office DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources LGU Local Government Unit MANP Mount Apo Natural Park METT Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool MKRNP Mount Kitanglad Range Natural Park NSMNP Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park PA Protected Area QAW Quinali “A” Watershed QGIS Quantum Geographic Information System RWG Regional Working Group ToC Theory of Change UMRBPL Upper Marikina River Basin Protected Landscape USAID United States Agency for International Development iv | ANALYSIS OF PRESSURES TO NATURAL FORESTS IN B+WISER PROGRAM SITES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The assessment of pressures to the natural forests in B+WISER sites was conducted from April to August 2014 during the Regional Working Group (RWG) workshops on the Theory of Change (ToC) approach to adaptive management in conservation projects. The method used in assessing pressures to the natural forest was informed by the ToC model and based on a slightly modified process of pressures ranking contained in the Miradi software. The modification involved the use of barangays as the unit of analysis rather than the entire conservation area as described in Miradi. The pressure ratings per barangay are shown in the annexes. The identified pressures are also encoded in maps. The