9/17/2021 Afghan Dynasty- Examrace
Examrace Afghan Dynasty
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Afghan Dynasty The founder was Sher Shah Suri
Original name was Farid
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He was the grandson of Ibrahim Sur, a tribe of Afghani
Most probably lived in Roh, hence is called the Roh Tribe
According to Abul Fazl, Ibrahim soor was a horse dealer and came to India during Bahlul Lodhi
Ibrahim became the commander of 40 horses and was assigned a village in Beran Pargana of Narnaul under Jamal Khan Sharang Khani of Hisar Firoza
His son՚s name was ‘Hassan’ and Farid was born to his first wife
Generally conceived to be born in 1486
Hassan՚s ability attracted attention of Jamal Khan who after his transfer to Jaunpur as Governor conferred the Parganas of Sasaram and Khavasspur (in modern Shahbad district in Bihar) upon him- the Jagir for maintaining 500 Troopers
Hassan had 4 wives and 8 sons-Farid, Nizam, Suleman, Ahmad
Farid Studied both Arabic and Persian languages. His well-known Persian works include Gulistan, Sikandernama and Gustan; he also learnt Hindi and Arithmetic
From 1518 - 1522, Farid acted successfully as the deputy to his father, in the Parganas of Sasaram and Kavaspur
Due to greater pressure from Suleman՚s mother, he resigned and proceeded to Agra - Capital of Lodhi Sultanate
He became patron of Daulat Khan - an influential Amin
After the death of his father, he arrived at Sasaram with the Farman
Suleman Stepbrother and his mother fled to Md. Khan Jagirdar of Chaund and sought his assistance;
Entered the service of Bihar Khan Lohani
Appointed as the Vakil of S. Bihar and tutor of Jalal Khan, minor son of Sultan Md.
Sher Shah In 1528, Sultan Md. died, minor son Jalal was installed but Md. Lodhi seized the capital
Md. Lodhi was captured by Babur and Jalal was re-instigated under the guidance of his mother Dudu
It was difficult to manage the administration for, so Sher Shah was appointed the deputy (NAYAB) of S. Bihar, in 1529
Dudu died in 1530
In 1530, he captured the fortress of Chunar and married the childless widow of Taj Khan - commandant of the fort Lad Malika
In 1530, he married Gohar Gosain - Childless widow of Nasir Khan Lohani of Gazipur and got enormous wealth of 300 tonnes of gold
On the personal request of Sultan Md. Lodhi, Sher Shah joined him against the Mughals
A battle between Sultan Md. and Humayun was fought at Dadrah on the Gomti bank in 1531 September.
Sher Shah ditched the Sultan
In the meantime Bahadur Shah (Gujarat) revolted and Humayun had to go there, this provided an opportunity to Sher Shah to consolidate his position
In 1535, Sher Shah defeated Md. Shah
He then moved towards Gaur - Capital of Bengal and at Teliahgrahi, he defeated the Bengal and Portuguese allies, but the impregnable fortification of Gaur stopped him to move further
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Bahadur Shah was defeated by Humayun and he got time to look to east
Instead of moving directly to Gaur, he tried to capture Chunar - his blunder -defeated by Rumi Khan by heavy bombarding
After 3 month of heroic defense the fort of Chunar fell in March 1538, Sher Shah then captured Rohtaspur
Sher Shah defeated the Mughal army at Kolgaon;
In 1538, Sher Shah celebrated his coronation at Gaur and assumed title Farid-ud-Din-Duniya-Wadin-Abul-Muzaffar-Sher Shah Sultan;
Humayun wasted 9 months time in Bengal where in the Battle of Ghaggar or Chunar in 1539, Sher Shah defeated Humayun
After victory at Chausa he assumed the title Sultan-i-Adil;
In 1540, in Battle of Kannauj or Ganga, Sher Shah again defeated Humayun
After the war, Humayun fled. Sher Shah dispatched Barmazid Gaur in Pursuit of Humayun
Sher Shah went to Delhi and Lahore to trace Humayun;
Humayun failed to mobilize the power of his brothers Hindal (Multan)
Ramran (Kabul)
Sher Shah launched a campaign against Ghakkar (tribes between Jhelum and Indus)
In 1541, he defeated Khizar Khan, the governor of Bengal;
Sher Shah՚s Governor Habitat Khan Niyaji (Punjab) defeated Fat Khan Jat
Niyaji-conferred title Azam Humayun
In 1542, Sher Shah invaded Malwa, Agra and Ranthambore and then fort of Kuran Mai in Bhopal
In 1543, he captured Chanderi, 1544-Mewar
In 1543 - 1544, he defeated Ajmer and Jodhpur, in the battle of Sammel, under Maldev
Kawas Khan was appointed the Governor of Jodhpur
By the end of 1544 the Afghan army occupied the territory of Marwar from Ajmer to Mt. Abu
In 1544, he also captured Chittor Fort and Maharana Udai Singh delivered the keys
In Nov. 1544, he led expedition against Kalinjar in Bundelkhand Kirat Singh was the king of Kalinjar;
Ahmad Yadgar in his book Tarikh-i-Salatin-i-Afghania, Kirat Singh refused to give up Bir Singh Bundela - a fugitive, to Sher Shah;
Sher Shah tried to capture the fort;
In 22nd May 1545 he died after the victory of Kalinjar.
His body was carried to Sasaram;
Extent of His Empire Almost the whole of N. India - Indus in the west, Vindhyas in the south, Assam in the east and Ghakkar in North-West and Himalaya in the north.
Contributions He started silver coins called ‘Rupaiyah’
His gold coins were made from 168.5 gram gold and silver of 180 grams
A number of new copper coins introduced, called ‘Dam’
The rate of exchange between copper Dam and silver rupee was 64: 1
He built several roads -longest road was 1500 km from Sonar Gaon in Dhaka via Agra and Delhi to Indus (GT Road) , Agra- Jodhpur, Agra to Burhanpur, Lahor -Multan
Sarais and Dak Chowkis were also built along the roads headed by Daroga-i-Dak Chowkis
Sher Shah՚s military strength was 1 lac, 50 thousand cavalry, 25000 infantry, 5000 war elephants
Built Musoleums of Sasaram, Purana Qila of Delhi, Rohtasfort in Jhelum;
He was an Orthodox Sunni
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Sher Shah was the first person who tried to establish an Indian empire, based on the will of the people.
He had three sons
Adil Khan;
Jalal Khan;
Qutub Khan;
Islam Shah Jalal Khan assumed office in 1545 and took the title of Islam Shah (1545 - 1554)
He executed the ruler of Kalinga
In 1547, he defeated Niyaji
He codified the law
During his reign the influence of Maulana Abdul Niyaji of Mahdavi Silsila was felt
Particular in maintaining the prestige and dignity of King՚s position
Introduced graded system in the army
Built Mankot in Sivalik Hills
An orthodox Sunni
Firoze Shah: (1554) He was the minor son of Islam Shah but Mubariz Khan, son of Sher Shah՚s younger brother NIZAM and brother of minor king՚s mother Bibi Bai murdered him and assumed the title Md. Adil Shah;
Md. Adil Shah: (1554 - 1556) Appointed Hemu as his Wazir
Streamlined the departments of intelligence and posts - Daroga-i-Dakcho-wki
In the battle of Panipat on 5th November 1556, Hemu was defeated by Humayun and Mughal rule was re-established.
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