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Niagara Rosada’ Grape Grafted on Different Rootstocks

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Niagara Rosada’ Grape Grafted on Different Rootstocks 1879 Bioscience Journal Original Article PRODUCTION, PHYSICOCHEMICAL QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF ‘NIAGARA ROSADA’ GRAPE GRAFTED ON DIFFERENT ROOTSTOCKS PRODUÇÃO, QUALIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA E CAPACIDADE ANTIOXIDANTE DA UVA ‘NIAGARA ROSADA’ SOBRE DIFERENTES PORTA-ENXERTOS Bruna Thais Ferracioli VEDOATO1; Francisco José DOMINGUES NETO1; Adilson PIMENTEL JUNIOR1; Ana Paula Maia PAIVA1; Marlon Jocimar Rodrigues da SILVA1; Mara Fernandes MOURA2; Giuseppina Pace Pereira LIMA3; Marco Antonio TECCHIO1 1. São Paulo State University - UNESP, School of Agriculture, Plant Production Department, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; 2. Agronomic Institute of Campinas - IAC, Fruit Center Jundiaí, SP, Brazil; 3. São Paulo State University, Institute of Biosciences, Botucatu, SP, Brazil. ABSTRACT: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of rootstocks on grape production, quality and antioxidant capacity of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape in two productive cycles. The work was developed in Jundiaí-SP, Brazil (26° 06’ S, 46° 55’ W and an average altitude of 745 m). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with subdivided plots, the plots being represented by the rootstocks and the subplots by the production cycles, with four replications, each consisting of 6 plants. The treatments consisted of a combination of ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘IAC 572 Jales’, ‘IAC 571-6 Jundiaí’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’ as rootstocks and ‘Niagara Rosada’ as graft, and the production cycles were 2013 and 2014. The number of bunches, production and productivity of the vines, the physical characteristics of bunches, berries and stalks and the physicochemical composition of the must (soluble solids content, titratable acidity, pH and the relation soluble solids/titratable acidity) were evaluated in production cycles of 2013 and 2014). The content of chlorophylls, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoids and total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of grapes were also evaluated in grape berries. The rootstocks did not influence the production and physical quality of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grapes. As for the chemical characteristics, rootstocks only had an effect on solids content, and ‘IAC 766’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’ rootstocks promoted higher values of this characteristic. Likewise, the total phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of the grapes were not influenced by the studied rootstocks. The vines in 2013 presented higher production and better physical characteristics of the grapes, however, the soluble solids content in this cycle was lower than in 2014. KEYWORDS: Antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds. Table grape. Vitis labrusca. INTRODUCTION provides resistance to root phytopathogens, adaptation to different types of soil and an increase The ‘Niagara Rosada’ (Vitis labrusca x V. in productive performance of grapevines and vinifera) is a somatic mutation of the white Niagara qualitative grapes (MARGUERIT et al., 2012; identified in the city of Jundiaí, State of São Paulo, DESOUKY et al., 2015; JIN et al., 2016; in a commercial vineyard in the year 1933 (SOUZA; IBACACHE; ALBORNOZ; ZURITA-SILVA; MARTINS, 2002). Since then it has become the 2016). main common grape for table grown in the country, The grape is considered a major source of present in 98 % of the Brazilian winegrowing phenolic compounds when compared to other fruits properties, due to its ease of management in the and vegetables, but there is a great diversity of cultivation by the producers and its sensorial and cultivars, resulting in grapes with different visual acceptance by the consumers (VERDI et al., characteristics (ABE et al., 2007; POZZAN; 2011). BRAGA; SALIBE; 2012). In grapes and their The success in the production of table byproducts, the phenolic compounds are directly grapes in superior quantity and quality is dependent related to sensory characteristics, such as color and on several factors in the handling, from the taste. In addition, many beneficial health effects formation of the vineyard until the harvest. The use have been attributed to these compounds, such as of rootstocks has become a mandatory practice in antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, antimicrobials commercial grapevine plantations, mainly because it Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1879-1889, Nov./Dec. 2020 Received: 15/04/2019 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n6a2020-48198 Accepted: 30/01/2020 1880 Production, physicochemical… VEDOATO, B. T. F. et al. and anti-carcinogens (DÁVALOS; LASUNCIÓN, new products with improved quality (ALBACETE 2009). et al., 2015). The main commercial rootstocks were Therefore, the purpose of this work was to obtained, basically, through crosses between three evaluate the influence of rootstocks on grape species, such as Vitis berlandieri, Vitis riparia or production, on the physical-chemical quality and Vitis rupestres, and in tropical regions with the antioxidant capacity of ‘Niagara Rosada’ grape in species Vitis caribaea. Currently, the most two productive cycles. rootstocks grown in Brazil are that developed by the genetic improvement program of IAC, as ‘IAC MATERIAL AND METHODS 313’, ‘IAC 572, ‘IAC 766’, among others (MAIA; CAMARGO, 2012; SILVA et al., 2019). Grape The experiment was carried out at the rootstocks have their own ability to synthesize APTA Fruit Center of the Agronomic Institute of biochemical constituents that influence directly or Campinas (IAC) in Jundiaí, eastern region of the indirectly various physical, physiological and State of São Paulo, Brazil (26° 06’ S, 46° 55’ W and biochemical properties of berries (SATISHA; an average altitude of 745 m). The climate of the RAMTEKE; KARIBASAPPA; 2007). Although region, according to the Köppen classification is of there is limited information on the biochemical the Cwa type, with an annual rainfall of 1.400 mm, interactions between canopy and rootstocks in table annual average temperature of 19.5 °C and relative grapes, many studies have reported the positive air humidity of 70.6 %. The soil of the experimental impacts of different rootstocks on grapes quality area was classified as Red Cambisolo Distrophic (REBELLO et al., 2013; SILVA et al., 2017). (EMBRAPA, 1999). The data of temperature and However, ideal rootstocks can contribute to food rainfall in the experimental area from August to security, increasing production potential, creating December 2013 and 2014 are shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Temperature and rain index in the experimental area from August/2013 and December/2014 ate the APTA Fruit Center of the IAC, (CIIAGRO). The ‘Niagara Rosada’ (Vitis labrusca x Vitis hydrogen cyanamide was applied at 5 %, aiming the vinifera) was used in the sixth and seventh year of induction and uniformity of sprouting. After bud production, with the vines spaced at 2.0 x 1.0 m and emergence, when the branches were 10 to 15 cm in sustained in a low-drop system, with the wires length, only one productive branch per yolk was located at 1.0; 1.3 and 1.6 m above ground level. selected. Other cultural practices, such as The experimental design was in randomized fertilization, control of weeds, pests and diseases blocks with subdivided plots, the plots being were carried out according to the techniques used in represented by the rootstocks and the subplots by the growing region. the production cycles, with four replications, each The grapes were harvested by monitoring consisting of 6 plants. The rootstocks that composed the soluble solids content and titratable acidity. the treatments were: ‘IAC 313 Tropical’, ‘IAC 572 When these stabilized, the harvest was performed, Jales’, ‘IAC 571-6 Jundiaí’, ‘IAC 766 Campinas’ which, in the first cycle, occurred at 128 days after and ‘106-8 Mgt’, and the production cycles were pruning (DAP) and in the second cycle at 127 DAP. 2013 and 2014. In both production cycles, the number of In August 2013 and 2014 was made the bunches per plant was evaluated by counting all prune of production with a yolk, and afterwards bunches harvested. For the production, the total Biosci. J., Uberlândia, v. 36, n. 6, p. 1879-1889, Nov./Dec. 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n6a2020-48198 1881 Production, physicochemical… VEDOATO, B. T. F. et al. fresh mass of all the bunches of each experimental activity by the DPPH method was determined plot was obtained, being the value obtained divided according to the methodology of Brand-Williams, by the number of plants, determining the average Cuvelier and Berset (1995), modified by Rosetto et production per plant, expressed in kg per plant. al. (2009). These analyzes were performed in For productivity, the average production per triplicate. plant was multiplied by the number of plants per The data were submitted to analysis of hectare (5.000 plants), the result being expressed in t variance (test F) and the means compared by the ha-1. In a sample of 10 bunches per experimental Tukey test, at 5% probability. The component plot, the fresh mass of the bunches (MFC) and the analysis (PCA) was conducted using XLSTAT stump (MFE) were evaluated using a precision statistical software, version 19.4 (Addinsoft, NY, analytical balance (0.1 g), expressed in g; the length USA), and applied to all data collected for 23 and width of the bunches and the stump were variables analyzed from ‘Niagara Rosada’ grafted obtained with the aid of a graduated ruler, expressed on five rootstocks. in cm; the number of berries per bunch was obtained by dividing the berries total fresh mass in the bunch RESULTS AND DISCUSSION by the average fresh mass of 10 berries. Afterwards, 10
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