Introduction to Universal Acceptance (UA)
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International Standard Iso/Iec 10646
This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC STANDARD 10646 Sixth edition 2020-12 Information technology — Universal coded character set (UCS) Technologies de l'information — Jeu universel de caractères codés (JUC) Reference number ISO/IEC 10646:2020(E) © ISO/IEC 2020 This is a preview - click here to buy the full publication ISO/IEC 10646:2020 (E) CONTENTS 1 Scope ..................................................................................................................................................1 2 Normative references .........................................................................................................................1 3 Terms and definitions .........................................................................................................................2 4 Conformance ......................................................................................................................................8 4.1 General ....................................................................................................................................8 4.2 Conformance of information interchange .................................................................................8 4.3 Conformance of devices............................................................................................................8 5 Electronic data attachments ...............................................................................................................9 6 General structure -
Unicode and Code Page Support
Natural for Mainframes Unicode and Code Page Support Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes October 2009 This document applies to Natural Version 4.2.6 for Mainframes and to all subsequent releases. Specifications contained herein are subject to change and these changes will be reported in subsequent release notes or new editions. Copyright © Software AG 1979-2009. All rights reserved. The name Software AG, webMethods and all Software AG product names are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Software AG and/or Software AG USA, Inc. Other company and product names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective owners. Table of Contents 1 Unicode and Code Page Support .................................................................................... 1 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 3 About Code Pages and Unicode ................................................................................ 4 About Unicode and Code Page Support in Natural .................................................. 5 ICU on Mainframe Platforms ..................................................................................... 6 3 Unicode and Code Page Support in the Natural Programming Language .................... 7 Natural Data Format U for Unicode-Based Data ....................................................... 8 Statements .................................................................................................................. 9 Logical -
5337 Sun Microsystems Updates: 3461, 3464, 3798 A
Network Working Group C. Newman Request for Comments: 5337 Sun Microsystems Updates: 3461, 3464, 3798 A. Melnikov, Ed. Category: Experimental Isode Ltd September 2008 Internationalized Delivery Status and Disposition Notifications Status of This Memo This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract Delivery status notifications (DSNs) are critical to the correct operation of an email system. However, the existing Draft Standards (RFC 3461, RFC 3462, RFC 3464) are presently limited to US-ASCII text in the machine-readable portions of the protocol. This specification adds a new address type for international email addresses so an original recipient address with non-US-ASCII characters can be correctly preserved even after downgrading. This also provides updated content return media types for delivery status notifications and message disposition notifications to support use of the new address type. This document experimentally extends RFC 3461, RFC 3464, and RFC 3798. Newman & Melnikov Experimental [Page 1] RFC 5337 Internationalized DSN and MDNs September 2008 Table of Contents 1. Introduction . 3 2. Conventions Used in This Document . 3 3. UTF-8 Address Type . 3 4. UTF-8 Delivery Status Notifications . 6 4.1. Additional Requirements on SMTP Servers . 8 5. UTF-8 Message Disposition Notifications . 9 6. IANA Considerations . 10 6.1. UTF-8 Mail Address Type Registration . 10 6.2. Update to 'smtp' Diagnostic Type Registration . 11 6.3. message/global-headers . 11 6.4. message/global-delivery-status . 12 6.5. -
Idns: Internationalized Domain Names Did You Know?
I N T E R N E T C O R P O R AT I O N F O R A SS I G N E D N A M E S A N D N U M B E R S IDNs: Internationalized Domain Names Did you know? · Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) are domain names with characters other than a, b…, z; 0, 1,…, 9; and “-“. · IDNs on the second and third levels exist in some generic top-level domains (gTLDs) and in some country code top-level domains (ccTLDs). TLD registries determine the choice of characters available under these TLDs. · Some languages, like Arabic, are written from right to left. IDNs at the second level are not very useful for the communities that use these languages because users would need to change both the type direction and script in the middle of entering a domain name. · IDN TLDs will be made available through two separate processes, initially through the New gTLD Program and the IDN ccTLD Fast Track Process. · 60 percent of Internet users are non-English speakers, while the dominant language used on the Internet is English (see Global Reach at www.glreach.com). One of the most significant innovations in the Internet since its incep- tion is the introduction of Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs) in the Internet’s address space. You may be familiar with some of the larger top- level domains: dot-com, dot-cn, and dot-org are just three examples. IDN top-level domain names will offer many new opportunities and benefits for Internet users around the world by allowing them to establish and use domains in their native languages and scripts. -
Homograph Attack Warning System
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-10 Issue-2, December 2020 Homograph Attack Warning System Muhammad Uwais, Arpit Sharma, Akhil Kumar, Lakshya Singh Abstract— As we are living in the era of social media apps, assault which may even go through the program insurance. from Facebook to WhatsApp which are using everywhere. All The venture will be a portable application for any individual these apps are being used by everyone. Although this may seem to who is utilizing any internet based life applications like be a very good sign that we are moving to the new era of “THE WhatsApp, Facebook and so forth., This will assist the DIGITAL WORLD” but it may have some consequences like client with using the sheltered connections on their versatile spreading of artificial news, crack of personal information like credit card, debit card, passwords or digital wallets etc. The users which is imparted to them. The framework will an believe that every message shared on social media might be true. admonition every time the client visits a horrendous So, to protect our internet users we have come up with an idea connection. It is a simple thing when the user visits a vicious that provides the ability to discover homonym attack and link which is known. If the user already known's that the malicious links which warns the user before they can access the particular link is a vicious link the user will not visit the site. The Social engineering attacks have stirred terribly removed link. -
Email Address Verification
Email Address Verification API Release 3.0.4 Email Hippo Ltd. Jul 05, 2018 Contents 1 Quick Start 3 1.1 Quick Start................................................3 2 Data Privacy 7 2.1 Data Privacy...............................................7 2.2 Compliance................................................7 2.3 Security..................................................7 2.4 Latest Uptime Statistics.........................................7 3 Live Uptime Report 9 4 Live Response Time Report 11 5 Editions 13 5.1 About Editions.............................................. 13 6 Integration Guide 15 6.1 Schema.................................................. 15 6.2 Return Protocols............................................. 15 6.3 Firewall Rules.............................................. 15 7 Features 17 7.1 Features.................................................. 17 8 Usage Report 21 8.1 Usage Report............................................... 21 9 Reliability 23 9.1 Service Reliability............................................ 23 9.2 Real Time Monitoring.......................................... 24 10 Data Dictionary 25 10.1 Data Dictionary For API V3....................................... 25 11 Client Libraries 43 11.1 Client Libraries.............................................. 43 12 Special Providers 45 i 12.1 Special Providers............................................. 45 13 Technical Specification 47 13.1 Technical Specification.......................................... 47 14 Change Log 49 14.1 Change Log.............................................. -
Fun with Unicode - an Overview About Unicode Dangers
Fun with Unicode - an overview about Unicode dangers by Thomas Skora Overview ● Short Introduction to Unicode/UTF-8 ● Fooling charset detection ● Ambigiuous Encoding ● Ambigiuous Characters ● Normalization overflows your buffer ● Casing breaks your XSS filter ● Unicode in domain names – how to short payloads ● Text Direction Unicode/UTF-8 ● Unicode = Character set ● Encodings: – UTF-8: Common standard in web, … – UTF-16: Often used as internal representation – UTF-7: if the 8th bit is not safe – UTF-32: yes, it exists... UTF-8 ● Often used in Internet communication, e.g. the web. ● Efficient: minimum length 1 byte ● Variable length, up to 7 bytes (theoretical). ● Downwards-compatible: First 127 chars use ASCII encoding ● 1 Byte: 0xxxxxxx ● 2 Bytes: 110xxxxx 10xxxxxx ● 3 Bytes: 1110xxxx 10xxxxxx 10xxxxxx ● ...got it? ;-) UTF-16 ● Often used for internal representation: Java, .NET, Windows, … ● Inefficient: minimum length per char is 2 bytes. ● Byte Order? Byte Order Mark! → U+FEFF – BOM at HTML beginning overrides character set definition in IE. ● Y\x00o\x00u\x00 \x00k\x00n\x00o\x00w\x00 \x00t\x00h\x00i\x00s\x00?\x00 UTF-7 ● Unicode chars in not 8 bit-safe environments. Used in SMTP, NNTP, … ● Personal opinion: browser support was an inside job of the security industry. ● Why? Because: <script>alert(1)</script> == +Adw-script+AD4-alert(1)+ADw-/script+AD4- ● Fortunately (for the defender) support is dropped by browser vendors. Byte Order Mark ● U+FEFF ● Appears as:  ● W3C says: BOM has priority over declaration – IE 10+11 just dropped this insecure behavior, we should expect that it comes back. – http://www.w3.org/International/tests/html-css/character- encoding/results-basics#precedence – http://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-byte-order -mark.en#bomhow ● If you control the first character of a HTML document, then you also control its character set. -
Standard Unicode 4.0. Wybrane Pojęcia I Terminy
Janusz S. Bień Standard Unicode 4.0. Wybrane pojęcia i terminy 24 listopada 2005 r. Streszczenie Ukazanie się w sierpniu 2003 r. czwartej wersji standardu UNICODE (1504 strony plus CD-ROM), dostępnego także pod adresem http://www.unicode. org, stanowi okazję do zaprezentowania wybranych aspektów tego standardu. Unicode jest ukazany na tle wcześniej stosowanych metod kodowania tekstów. Artykuł zawiera również w sposób mniej lub bardziej jawny propozycje tłuma- czenie używanych w standardzie angielskich terminów na język polski. 1. Wprowadzenie Na wstępie warto przypomnieć różnicę między standardem a normą. Stan- dardy — dawniej pisane i czytane standarty1, ang. standards — to specyfikacje sformułowane przez pewne organizacje lub instytucje. Normy — ang. legal standards — to specyfikacje sformułowane przez krajowe lub międzynarodowe organizacje normalizacyjne, czyli przez instytucje upoważnione do tego przez państwo odpowiednimi ustawami; niektóre aspekty normalizacji krajowej i eu- ropejskiej omówiłem w artykule [2]. W skali światowej działalność normaliza- cyjna jest podstawowym źródłem utrzymania znaczącej liczby osób, stąd często można spotkać normy, których jedyną racją bytu jest dostarczanie zajęcia nor- malizatorom; standardy znacznie częściej zaspokajają rzeczywiste potrzeby ich użytkowników. W artykule [1] przedstawiłem krajowe, europejskie i międzynarodowe normy określające kodowanie tekstów polskich w systemach komputerowych. Tutaj podam tylko kilka przykładów kodowania polskich liter zgodnie z najnowszymi polskimi normami. Według -
Names for Encodings – Mechanisms for Labeling Text with Encoding
Web Internationalization Standards and Practice Tex Texin, XenCraft Copyright © 2002-2016 Tex Texin Internationalization and Unicode Conference IUC40 Abstract This is an introduction to internationalization on the World Wide Web. The audience will learn about the standards that provide for global interoperability and come away with an understanding of how to work with multilingual data on the Web. Character representation and the Unicode-based Reference Processing Model are described in detail. HTML, including HTML5, XHTML, XML (eXtensible Markup Language; for general markup), and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets; for styling information) are given particular emphasis. Web Internationalization Slide 2 Objectives • Describe the standards that define the architecture & principles for I18N on the web • Scope limited to markup languages • Provide practical advice for working with international data on the web, including the design and implementation of multilingual web sites and localization considerations • Be introductory level – Condense 3 hours to 75-90 minutes. This presentation and example code are available at: www.xencraft.com/training/webstandards.html Web Internationalization – Standards and Practice Slide 3 Legend For This Presentation Icons used to indicate current product support: Google Internet Firefox Chrome Explorer Supported: Partially supported: Not supported: Caution Highlights a note for users or developers to be careful. Web Internationalization Slide 4 How does the multilingual Web work? • How does the server know – my language? -
Character Properties 4
The Unicode® Standard Version 14.0 – Core Specification To learn about the latest version of the Unicode Standard, see https://www.unicode.org/versions/latest/. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trade- mark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. Unicode and the Unicode Logo are registered trademarks of Unicode, Inc., in the United States and other countries. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this specification, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The Unicode Character Database and other files are provided as-is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine applicability of information provided. © 2021 Unicode, Inc. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction. For information regarding permissions, inquire at https://www.unicode.org/reporting.html. For information about the Unicode terms of use, please see https://www.unicode.org/copyright.html. The Unicode Standard / the Unicode Consortium; edited by the Unicode Consortium. — Version 14.0. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-936213-29-0 (https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/) 1. -
Proper Display of Bidirectional Structured Text
Proper display of bidirectional structured text Authors ● Aharon Lanin (Google) ● Gilead Almosnino (Microsoft) ● Lina Kemmel (IBM) ● Mati Allouche (former IBM) ● Mohamed Mohie (IBM) ● Tomer Mahlin (IBM) Basic terminology 1. Structured text text with inherent structure which must be preserved during display to assure its readability. This article focuses exclusively on the following types of structured text: a. URI (i.e. http://www.hello.world.com/folder) b. email address (i.e [email protected]) c. regular expression (i.e. [az]{1}) In this article the term also appears abbreviated as STT (structured text). 2. Bidi Bidirectional a. RTL character character which belongs to a language with righttoleft script (e.g. Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi etc.) b. RTL language language with RTL script (e.g. Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi etc.) c. Bidi language1 a synonym for RTL language d. RTL sentence / phrase / message a sentence, message or phrase which belongs to a RTL language (e.g. Arabic, Hebrew, Farsi etc.) e. Bidi text / data / string text which includes RTL characters but not necessarily belongs to a bidi language. It can be an English sentence that includes RTL, e.g a word in Hebrew or Arabic script. 3. BTD – base text direction. The overall direction of a piece of text and a parameter to the UBA. LTR for English sentences. RTL for Arabic and Hebrew sentences. If the incorrect BTD is applied to a piece of text, it may 1 Please note that neither characters nor languages themselves are bidirectional. Each separate character either has a well defined unique direction (e.g. -
International Email Addresses in X.509
International Email Addresses in X.509 Dmitry Belyavskiy Technical Centre of Internet ICANN 60 Tech Day, Abu-Dhabi October 30, 2017 EAI: history IETF EAI workgroup: • 2007-2010: experimental RFCs • 2012: final RFCs 653x: SMTP • 2013: final RFCs 685x: POP/IMAP EAI: standards Group of RFC 653x (2012): • RFC 6530: Overview and Framework for Internationalized Email • RFC 6531: SMTP Extension for Internationalized Email (SMTPUTF8) • RFC 6532: Internationalized Email Headers • RFC 6533: Internationalized Delivery Status and Disposition Notifications • RFC 6783: Mailing Lists and Non-ASCII Addresses EAI: standards Group of RFC 685x (2013): • RFC 6855: IMAP Support for UTF-8 • RFC 6856: POP3 Support for UTF-8 • RFC 6857: Post-Delivery Message Downgrading for Internationalized Email Messages • RFC 6858: Simplified POP and IMAP Downgrading for Internationalized Email EAI: adoption Servers: Postfix 3.0+, Exim 4.86+, Dovecot, Roundcube… Mail clients: Microsoft Outlook 2016 for Windows, Apple iOS Mail, The Bat!, mutt… Mail providers: Google Gmail… Russian statistics: 1,3% MX-servers, 2,6% Domain zones Source: https://statdom.ru EAI: missing standards EAI in EPP EAI in X.509 – work in progress Something else? EAI in X.509: current state IETF WG Lamps . https://tools.ietf.org/wg/lamps/draft- ietf-lamps-rfc5280-i18n-update/ Russ Housley . https://tools.ietf.org/wg/lamps/draft- ietf-lamps-eai-addresses/ Alexey Melnikov Weihaw Chuang Source: https://tools.ietf.org/wg/lamps/ Internationalization Updates to RFC 5280 Set of patches to RFC 5280 X.509/CRL Profile