Annals of Botany 115: 275–291, 2015 doi:10.1093/aob/mcu245, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org Phylogeny and biogeography of wild roses with specific attention to polyploids Marie Fouge`re-Danezan1,2,*, Simon Joly3,4, Anne Bruneau3, Xin-Fen Gao1,* and Li-Bing Zhang1,5,* 1Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 416, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China, 2Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China, 3Institut de Recherche en Biologie Ve´ge´tale (De´partement de Sciences biologiques), Universite´ de Montre´al, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montre´al, Que´bec H1X 2B2, Canada, 4Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montre´al, Que´bec H1X 2B2, Canada and 5Missouri Botanical Garden, PO Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA * For correspondence. E-mail
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[email protected] Received: 6 June 2014 Returned for revision: 15 September 2014 Accepted: 27 October 2014 Published electronically: 29 December 2014 Downloaded from Background and Aims The genus Rosa (150–200 species) is widely distributed throughout temperate and sub- tropical habitats from the northern hemisphere to tropical Asia, with only one tropical African species. In order to better understand the evolution of roses, this study examines infrageneric relationships with respect to conventional taxonomy, considers the extent of allopolyploidization and infers macroevolutionary processes that have led to the current distribution of the genus. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/ Methods Phylogenetic relationships among 101 species of the genus Rosa were reconstructed using sequences from the plastid psbA-trnH spacer, trnL intron, trnL-F spacer, trnS-G spacer and trnG intron, as well as from nu- clear glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which was used to identify putative allopolyploids and infer their possible origins.