DOCSLIB.ORG

410 Conservation News

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
410 Conservation News 410 Conservation news methods described in these documents are designed to Concerns about trade in wild finches in Algeria enable NGO facilitators to use both livelihood and conser- vation criteria to select the most appropriate market sectors Songbird species across the globe suffer from excessive col- on which to focus. Guidance is provided on how to engage lection for trade. This trade can operate outside regulation key market actors, including private sector actors that con- and can lead to significant declines in wild populations. servationists may not traditionally interact with and who Songbirds such as finches are popular pets because of may not initially be interested in the environmental impacts their singing ability, cultural value, and in some cases the so- of their businesses. Tips are provided on how to frame cial status that owning them can offer. The European gold- discussions in terms of business interests, such as product finch Carduelis carduelis, serin Serinus serinus and common quality and sustainability of supply, and how these are linnet Linaria cannabina range across Europe, North Africa, related to sustainable use and conservation. Exercises the Middle East and East Asia and, although they are cate- are provided to help empower marginalized producers to gorized as Least Concern by IUCN, they are affected by a have the skills and confidence to negotiate with input range of factors that influence their conservation. The wild and service providers, as well as with traders, and with populations of serins and linnets are decreasing and, al- government agencies whose policies influence the business though the European goldfinch is increasing in numbers enabling environment. in some parts of its range, the population in North Africa A central element of the Participatory Market System is experiencing a drastic range reduction. Between and Development process is bringing together key market the species’ distribution declined by %intheregionas actors to map their current market system, increasing a result of the songbird trade (Khelifa et al., , Scientific their understanding of the roles of other actors and Reports, , ). From November to February the importance of communication and information flows we monitored Algeria’s most popular classified advertise- along the value chain. Through facilitated discussion of ment website, and from August to December we challenges and opportunities these actors can begin to iden- visited cities in Algeria. We searched the markets and tify simple strategies that they can implement to improve pet shops for wild animals in trade. The European goldfinch the system for mutual benefit. This process helps build and serin are included on the list of protected species, prohi- more transparent, fair and trusting relationships between biting all trade. producers and other market actors. The three species of finch were the most commonly The guidance documents include examples and case observed birds in markets and pet shops. European gold- studies of how these tools have been applied in a wide finches were offered for sale in of the cities we visited, range of FFI projects in Kyrgyzstan, Indonesia, Myanmar, serins in and common linnets in . We observed , Tanzania and other countries. Market sectors addressed European goldfinches, serins and linnets. In the on- include marine fisheries and non-timber forest products, line trade we found at least , goldfinches for sale in and involve the participation and empowerment of both advertisements. Serins and linnets were not traded online in women and men. In all cases well-governed local natural significant numbers, with only two and one individuals ob- resource management institutions, whether customary or served, respectively. Despite the illegal nature of these sales, newly established, have played a vital role in ensuring they are conducted openly, and no attempt was made to that local communities benefit from improved livelihoods conceal the birds. Prices for a European goldfinch were without overexploiting their natural resource base. Secure USD –, for a serin USD – and for a common linnet tenure, in the form of officially recognized locally managed USD –. A small number of birds were reported to be cap- marine areas or community forests, has been shown to be a tive bred (% in online sales), but the vast majority were said major enabling factor in the success of these initiatives. to have been taken from the wild. Vendors in every city in Strong links between support to market system develop- which there was significant trade of goldfinches reported ment and conservation outcomes are key to ensuring that the majority of birds were sourced in Morocco and that this approach incentivizes not just sustainable use smuggled across the border. but also has positive impacts on wider marine and forest Pet shops tended to have a small number of birds, aver- ecosystems. aging five goldfinches per shop. More were sold at the week- These newly published documents, together with a previ- ly markets (on average goldfinches) that take place on a ously published Learning Paper, are freely available at fauna- Friday or Saturday. Large-scale vendors, who store birds in a flora.org/approaches/livelihoods-governance/sustainable- warehouse and bring them in boxes to the weekly markets, economic-opportunities. stated that they tend to bring only sufficient birds to sell each week, whereas small-scale vendors return with caged birds HELEN SCHNEIDER ( orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-2047) on multiple weeks, seeking a good price for a bird of Fauna & Flora International, Cambridge, UK high quality. Based on repeat surveys in a single market E-mail [email protected] in Guelma, we found a minimum of % turnover within Oryx, 2019, 53(3), 409–414 © 2019 Fauna & Flora International doi:10.1017/S003060531900022X Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.34.90, on 03 Oct 2021 at 20:12:08, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003060531900022X Conservation news 411 weeks. Extrapolating from this, there could be over , socarxiv/fgrd), which includes recommendations for re- goldfinches, , serins and , linnets sold per year in searchers and policymakers. The darknet is a network of the weekly markets we visited. The birds sold in the hun- websites that can be accessed only via special software that dreds of pet shops around the country, the weekly markets hides the details of the user’s connection, and allows we did not visit, and those sold online would add substan- websites to be hosted without revealing their location or tially to this number. operator. Large-scale darknet marketplaces exist for illegal Vendors reported that goldfinches are becoming increas- drugs, firearms, hacking tools, stolen identity documents, ingly difficult to source from the wild but that there is no les- and a wide variety of other illicit goods. However, the dark- sening of demand. Already, the pressure has shifted from the net has not, to date, proven to be an attractive platform for Algerian to Moroccan populations because of the difficulty the buying and selling of illegal wildlife products (see also in securing sufficient numbers of birds. The illegal songbird Oryx, , –). Despite this, it provides a marketplace trade in Algeria is threatening wild populations of European of last resort that becomes increasingly attractive over goldfinches across North Africa and potentially threatening other, more accessible, online services as law enforcement other species of finch. We therefore recommend that the and platform operators enforce policies against trading in Algerian government enforce its wildlife trade laws to ensure illegal wildlife products. This makes the ongoing study of the conservation of these, and other, species. darknet markets an important avenue for research as other policies against online illegal wildlife trading emerge. DANIEL BERGIN and VINCENT NIJMAN Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford, UK. E-mail [email protected] LAURE CUGNIERE ( orcid.org/0000-0002-4753-593X) Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK SADEK ATOUSSI Université 8 mai 1945 Guelma, Guelma, E-mail [email protected] Algeria JOSS WRIGHT ( orcid.org/0000-0001-5237-3309) Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Evidence to action: research to address illegal E.J. MILNER-GULLAND ( orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-2710) wildlife trade Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK The Oxford Martin Programme on the Illegal Wildlife Trade (illegalwildlifetrade.net) has launched a key research brief, Evidence to Action: Research to Address Illegal Wildlife Halting the release of the pangolin Manis javanica Trade (osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/ ndz). This brief, addressed in China to policy makers and practitioners, outlines areas where research evidence can support effective illegal wildlife trade As global travel and trade increase, so has the numbers of policy, highlights critical uncertainties where research species spreading beyond their natural ranges. Introduction is required, and emphasizes the need for better design and of alien species, intentionally or unintentionally, as a result evaluation of interventions that can help improve the effec- of human activities may lead to the extinction of native tiveness of efforts to combat illegal wildlife trade. Tools species via interbreeding, predation, resource competition and expertise
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Phylogenetic Relationships and Generic Limits of Finches
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62 (2012) 581–596 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev The phylogenetic relationships and generic limits of finches (Fringillidae) ⇑ Dario Zuccon a, , Robert Pryˆs-Jones b, Pamela C. Rasmussen c, Per G.P. Ericson d a Molecular Systematics Laboratory, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden b Bird Group, Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Akeman St., Tring, Herts HP23 6AP, UK c Department of Zoology and MSU Museum, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA d Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden article info abstract Article history: Phylogenetic relationships among the true finches (Fringillidae) have been confounded by the recurrence Received 30 June 2011 of similar plumage patterns and use of similar feeding niches. Using a dense taxon sampling and a com- Revised 27 September 2011 bination of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences we reconstructed a well resolved and strongly sup- Accepted 3 October 2011 ported phylogenetic hypothesis for this family. We identified three well supported, subfamily level Available online 17 October 2011 clades: the Holoarctic genus Fringilla (subfamly Fringillinae), the Neotropical Euphonia and Chlorophonia (subfamily Euphoniinae), and the more widespread subfamily Carduelinae for the remaining taxa. Keywords: Although usually separated in a different
    [Show full text]
  • Simplified-ORL-2019-5.1-Final.Pdf
    The Ornithological Society of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia (OSME) The OSME Region List of Bird Taxa, Part F: Simplified OSME Region List (SORL) version 5.1 August 2019. (Aligns with ORL 5.1 July 2019) The simplified OSME list of preferred English & scientific names of all taxa recorded in the OSME region derives from the formal OSME Region List (ORL); see www.osme.org. It is not a taxonomic authority, but is intended to be a useful quick reference. It may be helpful in preparing informal checklists or writing articles on birds of the region. The taxonomic sequence & the scientific names in the SORL largely follow the International Ornithological Congress (IOC) List at www.worldbirdnames.org. We have departed from this source when new research has revealed new understanding or when we have decided that other English names are more appropriate for the OSME Region. The English names in the SORL include many informal names as denoted thus '…' in the ORL. The SORL uses subspecific names where useful; eg where diagnosable populations appear to be approaching species status or are species whose subspecies might be elevated to full species (indicated by round brackets in scientific names); for now, we remain neutral on the precise status - species or subspecies - of such taxa. Future research may amend or contradict our presentation of the SORL; such changes will be incorporated in succeeding SORL versions. This checklist was devised and prepared by AbdulRahman al Sirhan, Steve Preddy and Mike Blair on behalf of OSME Council. Please address any queries to [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Assessment of the Scope and Scale of Illegal Killing and Taking of Wild Birds in the Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Iraq
    A preliminary assessment of the scope and scale of illegal killing and taking of wild birds in the Arabian peninsula, Iran and Iraq ANNE-LAURE BROCHET, SHARIF JBOUR, ROBERT D SHELDON, RICHARD PORTER, VICTORIA R JONES, WAHEED AL FAZARI, OMAR AL SAGHIER, SAEED ALKHUZAI, LAITH ALI AL-OBEIDI, RICHARD ANGWIN, KORSH ARARAT, MIKE POPE, MOHAMMED Y SHOBRAK, MAÏA S WILLSON, SADEGH SADEGHI ZADEGAN & STUART H M BUTCHART Summary: High levels of illegal killing and taking of wild birds were recently reported for eastern Mediterranean countries, and anecdotal information from other countries of the Middle East suggests this may be a significant conservation issue for the whole region. We quantified the approximate scale and scope of this threat in the Arabian peninsula, Iran and Iraq, using a diverse range of data sources and incorporating expert knowledge. We estimate that at least 1.7–4.6 million (best esti- mate: 3.2 million) birds of at least 413 species may be killed or taken illegally each year in this region, many of them on migration. This is likely to be an underestimate as data were unavailable for parts of the region. The highest estimated country total, of 1.7 million birds, was for Saudi Arabia despite data being available only for the northern part of the country. Several species of global conservation concern were illegally killed or taken, including Marbled Teal Marmaronetta angustirostris, Common Pochard Aythya ferina and European Turtle-dove Streptopelia turtur (all classified by BirdLife International as Vulnerable on the global IUCN Red List). Of greater concern, Sociable Lapwing Vanellus gregarius (Critically Endangered) was also reported to be known or likely to be killed illegally each year in high numbers relative to its small population size.
    [Show full text]
  • The Twite (Linaria Flavirostris) Is a Small Brown Passerine Bird in the Finch Family Fringillidae
    Twite The Twite (Linaria flavirostris) is a small brown passerine bird in the finch family Fringillidae. It is similar in size and shape to a Linnet, at 13 to 13.5 centimetres (5.1 to 5.3 in) long. It lacks the red head patch and breast shown by the Linnet and the Redpolls. It is brown streaked with black above and a pink rump. The underparts are buff to whitish, streaked with brown. The conical bill is yellow in winter and grey in summer. The call is a distinctive twit, from which its name derives and the song contains fast trills and twitters. Twites can form large flocks outside the breeding season, sometimes mixed with other finches on coasts and salt marshes. They feed mainly on seeds. The Twite breeds in northern Europe and across central Asia. Treeless moorland is favoured for breeding. It builds its nest in a bush, laying 5–6 light blue eggs. It is partially resident, but many birds migrate further south, or move to the coasts. It has declined sharply in parts of its range, notably Ireland. In the UK, the Twite is the subject of several research projects in the Pennines, the Scottish Highlands and the North Wales and Lancashire coastlines. Records show that the birds to the east of the Pennine hills move to the Southeast coast in winter and those to the west winter between Lancashire and the Hebrides. The Welsh population winters almost exclusively in Flintshire. In 1758 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus included the Twite in the 10th edition of his Systema Naturae under the binomial name Fringilla flavirostris.
    [Show full text]
  • Carduelini Species Tree
    Carduelini I House Finch, Haemorhous mexicanus Haemorhous Purple Finch, Haemorhous purpureus Cassin’s Finch, Haemorhous cassinii Desert Finch, Rhodospiza obsoleta Rhodospiza Socotra Golden-winged Grosbeak, Rhynchostruthus socotranus ?Arabian Golden-winged Grosbeak, Rhynchostruthus percivali Rhynchostruthus ?Somali Golden-winged Grosbeak, Rhynchostruthus louisae European Greenfinch, Chloris chloris Oriental Greenfinch / Gray-capped Greenfinch, Chloris sinica Chloris Yellow-breasted Greenfinch, Chloris spinoides ?Vietnamese Greenfinch, Chloris monguilloti Black-headed Greenfinch, Chloris ambigua Oriole Finch, Linurgus olivaceus Linurgus Thick-billed Seedeater, Crithagra burtoni ?Protea Seedeater / Protea Canary, Crithagra leucoptera Kipengere Seedeater, Crithagra melanochroa Streaky Seedeater, Crithagra striolata (Crithagra) Yellow-browed Seedeater, Crithagra whytii White-throated Canary, Crithagra albogularis Brimstone Canary, Crithagra sulphurata Yellow Canary, Crithagra flaviventris ?Northern Grosbeak-Canary, Crithagra donaldsoni ?Southern Grosbeak-Canary, Crithagra buchanani ?Brown-rumped Seedeater, Crithagra tristriata Reichard’s Seedeater, Crithagra reichardi Crithagra Black-eared Seedeater, Crithagra mennelli West African Seedeater, Crithagra canicapilla Streaky-headed Seedeater, Crithagra gularis Principe Seedeater, Crithagra rufobrunnea (Neospiza) Sao Tome Grosbeak, Crithagra concolor Black-faced Canary, Crithagra capistrata ?Papyrus Canary, Crithagra koliensis ?Forest Canary, Crithagra scotops (Dendrospiza) African Citril, Crithagra citrinelloides
    [Show full text]
  • Check-List of Birds of the World Volume Xiv
    HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OF THE Museum of Comparative Zoology ivtUS. COMP. ZOOU LIBRARY DEC 1 1 1968 HARVARD JUNlVERS.IX>!i CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD VOLUME XIV CHECK-LIST OF BIRDS OF THE WORLD A Continuation of the Work of James L. Peters Edited by RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR. In consultation with Ernst Mayr VOLUME XIV Parulidae Drepanididae Vireonidae Icteridae Fringillinae Carduelinae Estrildidae Viduinae By EMMET R. BLAKE, JAMES C. GREENWAY, JR. THOMAS R. HOWELL, GEORGE H. LOWERY, JR. ERNST MAYR, BURT L. MONROE, JR., RAYMOND A. PAYNTER, JR., AUSTIN L. RAND, AND MELVIN A. TRAYLOR CAMBRIDGE • MASSACHUSETTS MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY 1968 COPYRIGHT, 1968 BY THE PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OP HARVARD COLLEGE .on MUS. COM P. ZOOL. LIBRARY DEC 1 1 it.ob HARVARD UNIVERSITY^ THE HEFFERNAN PRESS, INC. WORCESTER, MASS. INTRODUCTION The eight taxa covered in this volume (Parulidae, Drepan- ididae, Vireonidae, Icteridae, Fringillidae, CardueHnae, Es- trildidae, and Viduinae) contain only about six percent of the living species of birds, but these are among the best known of the entire class. For many of these species there is comparatively abundant information on their natural his- tory, general biology, physiology, ethology, and even genet- ics. A comparable amount of data could not be found for any similar assemblage of birds. However, in spite of the abun- dance of taxonomically useful information, or more probably because of it, the systematics of these birds are among the most unsettled and controversial in the Class Aves. One would hope that each volume of the Check-list would have a useful life span of at least a few decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Darwin. a Reader's Guide
    OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES No. 155 February 12, 2009 DARWIN A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin DARWIN: A READER’S GUIDE Michael T. Ghiselin California Academy of Sciences California Academy of Sciences San Francisco, California, USA 2009 SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Alan E. Leviton, Ph.D., Editor Hallie Brignall, M.A., Managing Editor Gary C. Williams, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michael T. Ghiselin, Ph.D., Associate Editor Michele L. Aldrich, Ph.D., Consulting Editor Copyright © 2009 by the California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISSN 0068-5461 Printed in the United States of America Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas 66044 Table of Contents Preface and acknowledgments . .5 Introduction . .7 Darwin’s Life and Works . .9 Journal of Researches (1839) . .11 Geological Observations on South America (1846) . .13 The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs (1842) . .14 Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands…. (1844) . .14 A Monograph on the Sub-Class Cirripedia, With Figures of All the Species…. (1852-1855) . .15 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life (1859) . .16 On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects, and on the Good Effects of Intercrossing (1863) . .23 The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species (1877) .
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy of True Finches (Fringillidae, Passeriformes): a Review of Problems1 V
    ISSN 10623590, Biology Bulletin, 2015, Vol. 42, No. 8, pp. 713–723. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2015. Original Russian Text © V.A. Payevsky, 2015, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2015, Vol. 94, No. 2, pp. 221–232. Taxonomy of True Finches (Fringillidae, Passeriformes): a Review of Problems1 V. A. Payevsky Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 199034 Russia email: [email protected] Received February 10, 2014 Abstract—A number of issues in phylogeny and classification of true finches is reviewed. Emphasis is made on poor knowledge of their relationships, in spite of intensive research. The main historic stages of develop ment of true finches classification are reviewed together with the results of molecular studies of their phylog eny. Most recent revisions at the level of subfamilies and genera of true finches are discussed. Keywords: birds, passerines, true finches, Fringillidae, taxonomy, phylogeny, classification DOI: 10.1134/S1062359015080051 1 Avian phylogeny and classification currently state that the limits of the true finch family are uncer remain hotly debated topics. This debate became tain, and that different and often strongly varying especially acute in conjunction with the advent of views on this topic exist (Sharpe, 1888; Sushkin, 1924; molecular methods in taxonomy. The recent reviews Dementiev, 1937; Tordoff, 1954; Stallcup, 1954; Wet of classification of passerines, Passeriformes (Sibley more, 1960; Kartashev, 1974; Sibley and Ahlquist, and Ahlquist, 1990; Koblik et al., 2014; Payevsky, 1990; Sibley and Monroe, 1990; Cramp and Perrins, 2014), which comprise ca. 60% of extant birds (Sibley 1994; Yuri and Mindell, 2002 etc.). In spite of varying and Monroe, 1990), highlighted ongoing difficulties opinions on individual genera and species, based on that taxonomists encounter in defining the family lim both morphological and molecular data, the main dis its in this order.
    [Show full text]
  • Finches References
    Introduction This is the final version of the Twite, Linnet and Redpoll list, no further updates will be made. Grateful thanks to Tom Shevlin (www.irishbirds.ie) for the cover images and all those who responded with constructive feedback. All images © the photographer. Please note that this and other Reference Lists I have compiled are not exhaustive and are best employed in conjunction with other sources. Joe Hobbs Index The general order of species follows the International Ornithologists' Union World Bird List (Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (eds.) 2019. IOC World Bird List. Available from: https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ [version 9.1 accessed January 2019]). Final Version Version 1.2 (June 2019). Cover Main image: Twite. Raghly Harbour, County Sligo, Ireland. 6th December 2009. Picture by Tom Shevlin. Vignette: Linnet. Soldier's Point, County Louth, Ireland. 9th December 2007. Picture by Tom Shevlin. Species Page No. Arctic Redpoll [Acanthis hornemanni] 9 Common Redpoll [Acanthis sp.] 6 Lesser Redpoll [Acanthis cabaret] 6 Linnet [Linaria cannabina] 4 Mealy Redpoll [Acanthis flammea] 6 Twite [Linaria flavirostris] 3 Warsangli Linnet [Linaria johannis] 6 Yemen Linnet [Linaria yemenensis] 6 1 Relevant Publications Balmer, D. et al. 2013. Bird Atlas 2001-11: The breeding and wintering birds of Britain and Ireland. BTO Books, Thetford. Beadle, D. & Rising, J.D. 2006. Tanagers, Cardinals, and Finches of the United States and Canada: The Photographic Guide. Princeton University Press. Beaman, M. 1994. Palearctic birds: a checklist of the birds of Europe, North Africa and Asia north of the foothills of the Himalayas. Harrier Publications, Stonyhurst, Lancashire. Clement, P. et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Body Mass on Morphological Integration in Avian Skeletons (Aves, Fringillidae; Carduelinae, Fringillinae)
    Bonner zoologische Beiträge Band 56 (2007) Heft 1/2 Seiten 25–35 Bonn, März 2008 The Impact of Body Mass on Morphological Integration in Avian Skeletons (Aves, Fringillidae; Carduelinae, Fringillinae) Renate VAN DEN ELZEN1) & Hans L. NEMESCHKAL2) 1)Zoological Researchmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany 2)Department of Theoretical Biology, University of Vienna, Austria Abstract. The dependence of the individual and of correlated skeletal variables of Carduelinae and Fringillinae upon bo- dy mass (=size) was tested by means of multiple regression and single linkage R-cluster analyses. The most obvious re- sult is the significantly high degree of body mass dependences of all individual variables within the three functional com- plexes feeding, hind limb locomotion and flying. Elimination of body mass as a measure of size decoupled several units of correlated variables. Nevertheless the general robustness of units was strong but the removal of “size” had an impact on the extent of morphological integration, measurable as agglomeration level of variable units. Body mass (size) in our sample thus influenced the quantity rather than the quality of morphological integration. The key feature in fringilline/car- dueline skeletal morphology – coevolution of skull and hind limb traits – thus appears to be relatively unconstrained by size. Keywords. Size, ecomorphology, functional complexes, biological roles, skeletal morphology, developmental gene- tics. 1. INTRODUCTION widely accepted to represent overall size of organisms in- clude also factors like the first principal component 1.1. The role of body size in avian morphology (BOOKSTEIN et al. 1985; ZELDITCH & FINK 1995; LEISLER & WINKLER 2006), landmarks or ratios. BJÖRKLUND & Body size has been identified as an important factor driv- MERILÄ (1993), e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • To Permit the Competitive Showing of Certain Captive-Bred Live Birds
    NatureScot General Licence No. 08/2021 General Licences GL 08/2021: To permit the competitive showing of certain captive-bred live birds General Licences allow authorised people to carry out activities that would otherwise be illegal under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). They cover situations where we are satisfied that there is no other satisfactory solution in respect of the species to which they relate and the circumstances in which the licensed action may be taken. Terms and conditions If you operate under General Licence 08/2021 you must meet the following terms and conditions otherwise your actions may be illegal which could lead to prosecution. What can this Authorised people (operators) can publicly exhibit and General Licence be competitively show all captive-bred live wild birds except the used for? following*: Blackbird Turdus merula Brambling Fringilla montifringilla Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula Reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs Dunnock Prunella modularis Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis Greenfinch Carduelis chloris Jackdaw Corvus mondedula Jay Garrulus glandarius Linnet Carduelis cannabina Magpie Pica pica Barn owl Tyto alba Redpoll Carduelis flammea Siskin Spinus spinus (previously Carduelis spinus). Starling Sturnus vulgaris Song thrush Turdus philomelos Twite Linaria flavirostris (previously Carduelis flavirostris) Yellow hammer Emberiza citrinella * These birds are already legal to show if ringed and bred in captivity since they are listed on Schedule 3 Part 1 to the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). Page 1 of 3 NatureScot General Licence No. 08/2021 Who is authorised to An operator can be anyone. use this General Licence? What other Operators must: information must understand this General Licence and comply with its operators know terms and conditions before considering use of this General Licence? only use it for the purpose of public exhibition or competition When and where is Across Scotland from 1 January to 31 December 2021 unless this General Licence previously revoked.
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change Adaptation Manual Second Edition 2020
    Twite © Andy Hay (rspb-images.com) Twite Linaria flavirostris Climate Change Sensitivity: HIGH Ability to Manage: MEDIUM Non climatic threats: HIGH Vulnerability: HIGH Summary Once widespread and locally numerous, the twite Linaria flavirostris has declined almost to extinction in England, though the precise cause of the current population decline is not well understood. The species is at the southern edge of its NW European range in the UK, and bio- climatic projections suggest that its current range in England will become unsuitable by 2080. Promoting the resilience of existing sites is a priority for adaptation management in the UK. This includes ensuring the provision of tall heather and bracken for nesting close to the moorland edge, a wide range of seed food sources throughout spring and summer close to breeding sites, and, on their wintering grounds, saltmarsh with high densities of glasswort and other pioneer marsh species available from late autumn to early spring. Description The twite is a small songbird of the finch family. It is approximately 14 cm long and has a wingspan of 23 cm. They are mainly brown, with dark streaking on the head and back, a pale belly, a buff- coloured face and neck, and have a long forked tail. Males and females are similar except for the colour of their rump, which is pink on males and used in display, and brown on females. Climate Change Adaptation Manual Evidence to support nature conservation in a changing climate 459 Ecology and distribution In the UK, most breeding twite occur in north-west Scotland, with small populations in upland areas of northern England and north Wales, and on the coast of Northern Ireland.
    [Show full text]