Bundesländer in Der BRD / Kraje Związkowe W RFN Baden

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bundesländer in Der BRD / Kraje Związkowe W RFN Baden nazwy geograficzne / lista minimum http://republika.pl/mehrlicht Bundesländer in der BRD / kraje związkowe w RFN Baden-Württemberg = Badenia-Wirtembergia Bayern = Bawaria Berlin = Berlin Brandenburg = Brandenburgia Bremen = Brema Hamburg = Hamburg Hessen = Hesja Mecklenburg-Vorpommern = Meklemburgia-Pomorze Przednie Niedersachsen = Dolna Saksonia Nordrhein-Westfalen = Nadrenia Północna-Westfalia Rheinland-Pfalz = Nadrenia-Palatynat Saarland = Saara Sachsen = Saksonia Sachsen-Anhalt = Saksonia-Anhalt Schleswig-Holstein = Szlezwik-Holsztyn Thüringen = Turyngia Bundesländer in Österreich / kraje związkowe w Austrii Burgenland = Burgenland Kärnten = Karyntia Niederösterreich = Dolna Austria Oberösterreich = Górna Austria Salzburg = Salzburg Steiermark = Styria Tirol = Tyrol Vorarlberg = Vorarlberg Wien = Wiedeń Kantone in der Schweiz / kantony (półkantony) w Szwajcarii Aargau = Argowia Appenzell = Appenzell (Ausserhoden = Ausserhoden, Innerhoden = Innerhoden) Basel = Bazylea (Basel-Stadt = Bazylea-Miasto, Baselland = Bazylea-Okręg) Bern = Berno Freiburg = Fryburg Genf = Genewa Glarus = Glarus Graubünden = Gryzonia Jura = Jura Luzern = Lucerna Neuenburg = Neuchatel Sankt Gallen = Sankt Gallen Schaffhausen = Szafuza Schwyz = Schwyz Solothurn = Solura Tessin = Ticino Thurgau = Turgowia nazwy geograficzne / lista minimum http://republika.pl/mehrlicht Unterwalden = Unterwalden (Obwalden = Obwalden, Nidwalden = Nidwalden) Uri = Uri Waadt = Waadt Zug = Zug Zürich = Zurych Wallis = Wallis Städte / miasta Aachen = Akwizgran Bautzen = Budziszyn Braunschweig = Brunszwik Bregenz = Bregencja Cottbus = Chociebuż Dresden = Drezno Freiburg im Breisgau = Fryburg Bryzgowijski Göttingen = Getynga Kiel = Kilonia Köln = Kolonia Konstanz = Konstancja Leipzig = Lipsk Mainz = Moguncja Meißen = Miśnia München = Monachium Nürnberg = Norymberga Potsdam = Poczdam Regensburg = Ratyzbona Trier = Trewir Tübingen = Tybinga Worms = Wormacja Breslau = Wrocław Danzig = Gdańsk Kattowitz = Katowice Krakau = Kraków Neisse = Nysa (miasto) Oppeln = Opole Posen = Poznań Stettin = Szczecin Thorn = Toruń Warschau = Warszawa Woiwodschaften in Polen / województwa w Polsce Woiwodschaft Ermland und Masuren = województwo warmińsko-mazurskie Woiwodschaft Großpolen = województwo wielkopolskie Woiwodschaft Heiligkreuz = województwo świętokrzyskie Woiwodschaft Kleinpolen = województwo małopolskie Woiwodschaft Kujawien und Pommern = województwo kujawsko-pomorskie nazwy geograficzne / lista minimum http://republika.pl/mehrlicht Woiwodschaft Lodz = województwo łódzkie Woiwodschaft Lublin = województwo lubelskie Woiwodschaft Lebus /Lubusker Woiwodschaft / = województwo lubuskie Woiwodschaft Masowien = województwo mazowieckie Woiwodschaft Niederschlesien = województwo dolnośląskie Woiwodschaft Oppeln = województwo opolskie Woiwodschaft Podlachien = województwo podlaskie Woiwodschaft Pommern = województwo pomorskie Woiwodschaft Schlesien = województwo śląskie Woiwodschaft Vorkarpatenland = województwo podkarpackie Woiwodschaft Westpommern = województwo zachodniopomorskie Flüsse / Rzeki Donau = Dunaj Elbe = Łaba Isar = Izara Main = Men Mosel = Mosela Neiße = Nysa (rzeka) Oder = Odra Rhein = Ren Saale = Soława Spree = Szprewa Weichsel = Wisła Weser = Wezera Gebirge / góry Ardennen = Ardeny Beskiden = Beskidy Karpaten = Karpaty Riesengebirge = Karkonosze Sudeten = Sudety Tatra = Tatry Vogesen = Wogezy Seen / morza Nordsee = Morze Pólnocne Ostsee = Bałtyk.
Recommended publications
  • 19Th-22Nd CERD-Report Germany
    Nineteenth-Twenty-second Report Submitted by the Federal Republic of Germany Under Article 9 of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination A. General section .................................................................................................... 1 B. Report on compliance with and implementation of Articles 1 to 7 of the Convention................................................................................................................ 2 I. Re Article 1 ICERD (Definition of racial discrimination) ..............................................2 II. Re Article 2 ICERD (Condemnation of racial discrimination and protection of certain ethnic groups).......................................................................................................3 1. Re Article 2 para. 1 a) and b) ICERD (Obligation of public agencies not to engage in racial discrimination)...................................................................................................... 3 2. Re Article 2 para. 1 c) ICERD (Mechanisms for reviewing procedures applied by public agencies and legislation which have the effect of racial discrimination) ............... 4 3. Re Article 2 para. 1 d) ICERD (Prohibition and elimination of racial discrimination among private individuals) ............................................................................................. 5 4. Re Article 2 para. 1 e) ICERD (Combating racism and promoting integration especially by encouraging integrationist organisations and movements)
    [Show full text]
  • 30 Years Fall of the Berlin Wall
    30A YEARS FALLPEACEFUL OF THE BERLIN WALL REVOLUTION PREFACES To watch the videos, scan the code with the camera on your mobile device. Dear Readers, Dear Readers, When I was your age, I lived in the German Even 30 years later, dealing with this On the eve of the 30th anniversary of the fall David Gill, the incumbent Consul General While the booklet and accompanying videos Democratic Republic. We knew neither epochal era that changed Germany, Europe, of the Berlin Wall, we invite German learners of the Federal Republic of Germany in New are mostly in English, there are plenty of democracy nor the rule of law in East and the world is extremely rewarding. The to explore the multitude of events, people, York, and Diana Erinna, who teaches German opportunities to test your German. We hope Germany, and limitations on freedom Peaceful Revolution and the fall of the Wall and narratives that marked the end of the in Boston, MA, will help you discover this you enjoy discovering the fascinating events of expression, freedom of the press and show what civil courage and fghting for Cold War and ushered in a new era in German fascinating chapter of post-war German from our recent history! religion, as well as insurmountable borders one’s rights and freedoms can do. and European history. history. Their eyewitness accounts will give Sincerely, to the West and restrictions on our choice It is said that history is the teacher of life. As a student of German, you have probably you a better understanding of what everyday of profession were part of our daily lives.
    [Show full text]
  • The Stasi at Home and Abroad the Stasi at Home and Abroad Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence
    Bulletin of the GHI | Supplement 9 the GHI | Supplement of Bulletin Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Supplement 9 (2014) The Stasi at Home and Abroad Stasi The The Stasi at Home and Abroad Domestic Order and Foreign Intelligence Edited by Uwe Spiekermann 1607 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE NW WWW.GHI-DC.ORG WASHINGTON DC 20009 USA [email protected] Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington DC Editor: Richard F. Wetzell Supplement 9 Supplement Editor: Patricia C. Sutcliffe The Bulletin appears twice and the Supplement usually once a year; all are available free of charge and online at our website www.ghi-dc.org. To sign up for a subscription or to report an address change, please contact Ms. Susanne Fabricius at [email protected]. For general inquiries, please send an e-mail to [email protected]. German Historical Institute 1607 New Hampshire Ave NW Washington DC 20009-2562 Phone: (202) 387-3377 Fax: (202) 483-3430 Disclaimer: The views and conclusions presented in the papers published here are the authors’ own and do not necessarily represent the position of the German Historical Institute. © German Historical Institute 2014 All rights reserved ISSN 1048-9134 Cover: People storming the headquarters of the Ministry for National Security in Berlin-Lichtenfelde on January 15, 1990, to prevent any further destruction of the Stasi fi les then in progress. The poster on the wall forms an acrostic poem of the word Stasi, characterizing the activities of the organization as Schlagen (hitting), Treten (kicking), Abhören (monitoring),
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty-Five Years of Modern Environmental Policy in Germany
    DISCUSSION PAPER WISSENSCHAFTSZENTRUM BERLIN FÜR SOZIALFORSCHUNG SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER BERLIN FS II 95-301 25 Years of Modern Environmental Policy in Germany. Treading a Well-Worn Path to the Top of the International Field. Helmut Weidner ISSN 1011-9523 Forschungsschwerpunkt: Research Area: Technik — Arbeit — Umwelt Technology — Work — Environment Abteilung: Research Unit: Normbildung und Umwelt Standard-setting and Environment ZITIERWEISE z CITATION Helmut Weidner 25 Years of Modern Environmental Policy in Germany. Treading a Well-Worn Path to the Top of the International Field. Discussion Paper FS II 95 - 301 Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung 1995 Forschungsschwerpunkt: Research Area: Technik — Arbeit — Umwelt Technology — Work — Environment Abteilung: Research Unit: Normbildung und Umwelt Standard-setting and Environment Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung Reichpietschufer 50, D-10785 Berlin Tel.: +49/30/25491-0 z Fax: +49/30/25491-684 E-mail: [email protected] z Internet: http://www.wz-berlin.de 25 Years of Modern Environmental Policy in Germany. Treading a Well-Worn Path to the Top of the International Field Summary The development of a systematic environmental policy began in Germany over 25 years ago. In the meantime "environmental protection" has become an established area of policymaking and is still expanding. Nevertheless, state environmental policy is once again subject to severe societal pressure. On the one hand, demands are being made with great vigour that the concept of "sustainable development"
    [Show full text]
  • Matters of Taste: the Politics of Food and Hunger in Divided Germany 1945-1971
    Matters of Taste: The Politics of Food and Hunger in Divided Germany 1945-1971 by Alice Autumn Weinreb A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (History) in the University of Michigan 2009 Doctoral Committee: Professor Kathleen M. Canning, Co-Chair Associate Professor Scott D. Spector, Co-Chair Professor Geoff Eley Associate Professor Alaina M. Lemon Acknowledgements The fact that I would become a German historian had never crossed my mind ten years ago – that the past decade has made me one is entirely due to the remarkable number of people who have helped me in ways that even now I cannot fully grasp. Nonetheless, I suppose that these acknowledgements are as good a place as any to start a lifetime's worth of thanking. It all began at Columbia, where Professor Lisa Tiersten suggested that I go abroad, a suggestion that sent me for the first time to Germany. Five years later, when I first considered going to graduate school, she was the person I turned to for advice; her advice, as always, was excellent – and resulted in my becoming a German historian. During my first chaotic and bizarre years in Berlin, Professors Christina von Braun and Renate Brosch went out of their way to help a confused and hapless young American integrate herself into Humboldt University and get a job to pay the admittedly ridiculously low rent of my coal-heated Kreuzberg apartment. Looking back, it still amazes me how their generosity and willingness to help completely transformed my future.
    [Show full text]
  • Education, Immigration, and Economic Development: Evidence from 19Th and 20Th Century Bavaria
    EDUCATION, IMMIGRATION, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM 19TH AND 20TH CENTURY BAVARIA Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades Doctor oeconomiae publicae (Dr. oec. publ.) an der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München 2015 vorgelegt von Alexandra Semrad Referent: Prof. Davide Cantoni, Ph.D. Korreferent: Prof. Dr. Ludger Wößmann Promotionsabschlussberatung: 04. November 2015 Datum der mündlichen Prüfung: 29. Oktober 2015 Namen der Berichterstatter: Davide Cantoni, Ludger Wößmann, Amelie Wuppermann Acknowledgments First and foremost, I thank my Ph.D. advisor Davide Cantoni for his support, guidance, and advice throughout all stages of this dissertation. He was always available when I needed feedback or discussion of my work. I am truly grateful to him for this. I am also grateful to my second advisor Ludger Wößmann who not only provided valuable comments and suggestions to chapters 1 and 3 but also invited me to present my papers in his internal research seminar. Furthermore, I thank Amelie Wuppermann for supporting me as my third advisor. I further thank Jörg Baten and Jochen Streb for kindly sharing their data on German patents employed in chapter 1 and for inviting me to present in their research seminars at the University of Tübingen and the University of Mannheim, respectively. Moreover, I thank Mark Westcott for making the nice illustrations in the Appendix to chapter 1 and Sebastian Wichert for collaboration in data collection for chapter 3. In addition, I thank Daphne Alvarez, Nadjeschda Arnold, Benjamin Böninghausen, Florian Buck, Robert Grundke, Ulf Maier, and Nadine Schirmer, among many others, for making the past few years such a great time. Finally, I am deeply grateful to my parents and Harald.
    [Show full text]
  • Verfassungsschutz- Bericht 2020
    MINISTERIUM DES INNERN UND FÜR SPORT VERFASSUNGSSCHUTZ- BERICHT 2020 Besuchen Sie auch den Internetauftritt des Verfassungsschutzes Rheinland-Pfalz! Über den nebenstehenden QR-Code gelan- gen Sie direkt dorthin. Ministerium des Innern und für Sport des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz Schillerplatz 3-5, 55116 Mainz Postfach 3280, 55022 Mainz Tel.: 06131/16-3773 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.verfassungsschutz.rlp.de Verfassungsschutzbericht 2020 ISSN 0948-8723 1 2 Vorwort Im Jahr 2020 wurden wir mit der Corona-Pandemie konfrontiert, einer Heraus- forderung von globalem Ausmaß und mit langfristigen Auswirkungen. Die Krise beeinflusste nicht nur tiefgreifend das gesellschaftliche Leben in Deutschland, sie hat auch Gefahren für die Innere Sicherheit, ja für die Demokratie in unserem Land hervorgerufen. Bürgerinnen und Bürger haben von ihren Grundrechten Gebrauch gemacht und gegen die Maßnahmen zur Eindämmung der Pandemie protestiert. Das ist legi- tim und wichtig für eine lebendige Demokratie. Mit Besorgnis ist allerdings zur Kenntnis zu nehmen, dass sich im Windschatten der Demonstrationen eine dif- fuse Protestszene aus notorischen Corona-Leugnern und Verschwörungstheo- retikern bis hin zu Demokratiegegnern gebildet hat, die keine Berührungsängste zu Rechtsextremisten und „Reichsbürgern“ hat. Extremisten „spielt dies in die Karten“. Sie konnten sich, auch ohne das Protestgeschehen selbst zu vereinnah- men oder zu steuern, wirksam in Szene setzen und ihrem Hass auf den demokra- tischen Verfassungsstaat und seine Regeln freien Lauf lassen. Nicht nur von Extremisten gingen während der Corona-Krise Gefahren für die Innere Sicherheit aus. Fremde Nachrichtendienste haben sich die angespannte Situation zu Nutze gemacht und verstärkt versucht, die Gesellschaft durch Des- information und gezielte Verbreitung von „Fake News“ zu destabilisieren.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Ist Deutsch EINE Sprache? (Is German One Single Language?)
    Ist Deutsch EINE Sprache? (Is German One Single Language?) Elsen Portugal, former Graduate Institute of Applied Linguistics student Abstract: The difficulty of clearly defining ‘language’ and ‘dialect’ is not a secret to the modern linguist. “German,” as it is commonly known, is a western example of how languages become standardized along the course of the centuries, yet continue to have relatives which compete for the status of “language” as opposed to that of “dialect.” In this article, we weigh in both structural and functional views of language and evaluate the status of present “dialects” classified in SIL’s Ethnologue as languages. The line of demarcation between languages and their living variants (dialects) remains as fluid today as the political borders of Europe throughout the last millennium. An abundance of books, articles, and websites present varying opinions and concepts by both linguists and laymen. The answers offered range from informed classifications to mere speculative opinion. The divergence of definitive opinions on the topic results predominantly from two varying views of language definition. The linguist Einar Haugen describes them as two dimensions: the structural and the functional. Within the structural view, genetic relationship between linguistic forms determines their classification as language or dialect (as a subset of a macrolanguage). The functional dimension encompasses the language’s “social uses in communication.”1 The Ethnologue, SIL’s publication classifying languages from all parts of the world, lists 19 “languages” under the node of German.2 Most of them receive the German labels Dialekt or Mundart by academics, and are also generally perceived as such by the population at large.
    [Show full text]
  • RAF – Terrorist Violence 21 November 2014 to 8 March 2015
    PRESS KIT RAF – Terrorist Violence 21 November 2014 to 8 March 2015 Contents Press talk 1 Facts and dates 3 Exhibition texts 4 Accompanying programme 10 Press photos 13 Press talk on the exhibition on 20 November 2014 at 11 am An exhibition of the Haus der Geschichte Baden-Württemberg in cooperation with the Deutsches Historisches Museum The Deutsches Historisches Museum is showing the exhibition “RAF – Terrorist Violence” from 21 November 2014 to 8th March 2015. How did the German state and society deal with the terrorist violence? How did the Red Army Faction justify their attacks and assassinations? What consequences did the acts of violence have for the families of the 34 victims and the people who survived the attempted murders? These questions are central to the exhibition, which was originally shown under the title “RAF – Terror in the Southwest” in the Haus der Geschichte Baden- Württemberg. The presentation in the Deutsches Historisches Museum has been expanded to include other important aspects of the topic, in particular a perspective on the occurrences in Berlin. The radicalisation of the student protest movement in West Berlin and the forcible freeing of Andreas Baader from prison in May 1970, seen as the birth of the Red Army Faction, provide a prologue to the exhibition. New objects and documents supplementing the original exhibition give evidence of the RAF’s acts of violence and calls for attacks on state and police, not only in Berlin. The abduction and murder of Hanns Martin Schleyer in 1977 as well as the hijacking of the Lufthansa machine “Landshut”, where the newly formed anti-terror task force GSG 9 was deployed to free the passengers, mark the culmination of this phase of the escalation of violence.
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-German Cooperation in the 1980S
    W&M ScholarWorks Undergraduate Honors Theses Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 5-2010 The Triumph of Reason: Inter-German Cooperation in the 1980s Andrew V. Garden College of William and Mary Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Garden, Andrew V., "The Triumph of Reason: Inter-German Cooperation in the 1980s" (2010). Undergraduate Honors Theses. Paper 756. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/honorstheses/756 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Undergraduate Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE TRIUMPH OF REASON: ROOTS OF INTER-GERMAN COOPERATION IN THE 1980s A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors in History from the College of William and Mary in Virginia, By Andrew V. Garden Accepted for Highest Honors________ ___Bruce Campbell______ Director ___Tuska Benes_________ ___Fred Corney_________ ___Clay Clemens________ Williamsburg, Virginia May 2010 Introduction: The Importance of 1987 Erich Honecker’s visit to West Germany lasted just five days, from September 7, 1987 to September 11, but it was the crowning moment of fifteen years of work on the part of both governments. More than Helmut Schmidt’s 1981 visit to the German Democratic Republic, Honecker’s visit was intensely symbolic: the East German flag fluttered in Bonn, both states’ anthems were played, and Honecker, with full diplomatic entourage in tow, was greeted in almost the same manner as any other visiting head of state.
    [Show full text]
  • AHR Forum “1968” East and West: Divided Germany As a Case Study in Transnational History
    AHR Forum “1968” East and West: Divided Germany as a Case Study in Transnational History TIMOTHY S. BROWN Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article/114/1/69/43903 by guest on 30 September 2021 THE YOUTH REBELLIONS OF THE LATE 1960s—associated in the popular and scholarly consciousness with the year 1968—were part of a global event. They embraced, in differing forms, the capitalist West as well as the communist East, the countries of the Third World as well as those of the First and Second. The term “1968” has become a shorthand not only for a particular series of events—social unrest in lo- cations as diverse as Mexico and China, France and Japan, Czechoslovakia and the United States—but for a certain type of interconnectedness closely associated with the process of globalization shaping the contemporary world. Yet the study of “1968” poses a set of profound conceptual and practical difficulties. Alongside the basic problem of analyzing an ill-defined “event” with amorphous contours, decentralized agency, and (in most cases) little lasting institutional signature, there is the question of how exactly its “globality” is to be studied. However global in scope and orien- tation, “1968” was played out in and around specific national contexts, and it is to these that we must look to understand the larger, world event. Yet the nation-state cannot function as our primary frame of reference, not only because of the impor- tance of transnational influences in shaping local events, but because of how inti- mately “1968” was linked to the creation of globalizing imagined communities that cut across national boundaries.1 Work on “1968” has increasingly emphasized comparative perspectives and the investigation of transnational linkages; yet it has also exhibited a tendency to take the “global” somewhat for granted.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Aspects of East-West German Relations Bruno Simma
    Maryland Journal of International Law Volume 9 | Issue 1 Article 6 Legal Aspects of East-West German Relations Bruno Simma Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil Part of the International Law Commons, and the International Trade Commons Recommended Citation Bruno Simma, Legal Aspects of East-West German Relations, 9 Md. J. Int'l L. 97 (1985). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.umaryland.edu/mjil/vol9/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maryland Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UM Carey Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LEGAL ASPECTS OF EAST-WEST GERMAN RELATIONSt BRUNO SIMMA* I. INTRODUCTION .......................... ............ 97 II. THE GERMAN QUESTION 1945-1972: THE RISE OF Two GER- M AN STATES ......................................... 98 III. THE BASIC TREATY: 1972 .............................. 101 A. Background of the Treaty ......................... 101 B. The Text of the Treaty ........................... 103 IV. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT INTERVENES ................. 105 V. REACTION TO THE COURT'S DECISION ...................... 108 VI. THE ADDITIONAL PROBLEM OF BERLIN ...................... 110 VII. INTRA-GERMAN RELATIONS TODAY ........................ 113 I. INTRODUCTION Since World War II the countries divided by the line separating the hostile systems in East and West have been trouble spots on the political map of the world. On several occasions they have developed into something far more dangerous. For this reason, not only the political but also the ju- ridical "management" of relations within such pluri-system nations deserve to be analyzed and compared very closely.
    [Show full text]