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E. E. E. USOO5814276A United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 5,814,276 Riggs (45) Date of Patent: Sep. 29, 1998 54 AUTOMATED BLOOD SAMPLE 5,356,595. 10/1994 Kanamori et al. ........................ 422/63 PROCESSING SYSTEM 5,362,648 11/1994 Koreyasu et al. .. ... 436/48 5,380,488 1/1995 Wakatake ........... ... 422/63 76 Inventor: Robert C. Riggs, 12901 N. MacArthur, 2 - - - 2 3.1. EtheklT0 . et. al.. .- -. .- : #102, Oklahoma City, Okla. 73142 5,460,057 10/1995 Ostrup .................................. 73/86481 21 Appl. No.: 637,541 5,472,669 12/1995 Miki et al. ................................ 422/63 TNO. 21 pp 9 Primary Examiner Long V. Le 22 Filed: Apr. 25, 1996 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Head, Johnson & Kachigian (51) Int. Cl." ..................................................... G01N 35/02 57 ABSTRACT 52)52 U.S. Cl. .................................422/72; 422/100; it's422765: 422/63:i. 422/67:i. An automated blood Sample processing System having a s 436/49, 436750, 4361so primary test tube loader in which primary test tubes having s s blood Samples are placed, a conveyor System for moving test 58) Field of Soi 7, 1867, 437, 1. tubes in Selectable routes, a centrifuge, a Secondary test tube s as s s/ s 49 50 74 180 loading area in which empty Secondary test tubes are loaded s a Yu’s s for transportation by the conveyor System, a pipetting Sys 56) References Cited tem into which primary test tubes and empty Secondary test tubes are moved by the conveyor System, the pipetting U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS System Serving to aliquot centrifuged Samples from each of 3,151,073 9/1964 Anthon .. ... 233/4 the primary test tubes into a selected number of secondary 3,544.272 12/1970 Vails .......................................... 422/63 test tubes, a bar code printer for printing and attaching a bar 3,826,622 7/1974 Natelson ................................... 23/259 code label to each of the Secondary test tubes, a capper 3,883,305 5/1975 Hoskins et al... ... 23/253 system into which the secondary test tubes are moved by the 3,944,133 3/1976 Kessell et al. ... ... 233/26 conveyor System for attaching a cap to each of the Secondary 4.595,563 6/1986 Degrave ....... ... 422/72 test tubes and a Sortation System in which the Secondary test 4,740,472 4/1988 Burtis et al. .............................. 436/63 tubes are moved by the conveyor system and in which the 4,855,909 8/1989 Vincent et al. .. 364/413.01 Secondary test tubes are Sorted into Separate slots in a 4,906,432 3/1990 Geiselman ................................ 422/63 Sortation tray, the Secondary test tubes being available for 4,927,545E. 5/1990E. Roginski.E." M. ... 210/745 cessing.removal Thefrom system the Sortation may also tray include slots afor printer Subsequent for requisi pro 5,071,625 12/1991 Kellnet al... 27 tions disclosing patient demographic and requisition infor 5,122,343 6/1992 Ishizaka et al. ... 422/66 mation for use in dispatching batches of labeled Secondary 5,128,105 7/1992 Berhold et al. .. 422/104 tubes. 5,207,986 5/1993 Kadota et al. ... ... 422/63 5,350,564 9/1994 Mazza et al. ............................. 422/63 14 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Sep. 29, 1998 Sheet 1 of 2 5,814,276 U.S. Patent Sep. 29, 1998 Sheet 2 of 2 5,814,276 s Ol 9 II - IC II - I EICC O C O C C F I 9 N IO II - I Ti O C C E (N (N V C (N O C O O IIIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOC (N ON CN (N 5,814,276 1 AUTOMATED BLOOD SAMPLE -continued PROCESSING SYSTEM Pat. No. INVENTOR TITLE REFERENCE TO PENDING APPLICATIONS 5,071,625 Kelin et al. Cuvette Handling 5 5,389,339 Petschek et al. Integral Biomolecule This application is not related to any pending United Preparation Device States or foreign patent applications. 5,409,665 Burd Simultaneous Cuvette Filling With Means To Isolate REFERENCE TO MICROFICHEAPPENDIX Cuvettes 1O This application is not referenced in any microfiche While each of the above-mentioned United States patents appendix. show Systems for improving the efficiency of handling blood Samples, and particularly for improving the efficiency of BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Subjecting blood Samples to centrifugation, none of these references show a complete System for handling blood 1. Field of the Invention 15 Samples that Substantially Speeds up the preparation of blood This invention relates to an automated blood Sample Specimens for laboratory analysis. processing System for processing primary test tubes each having a blood Sample therein in a System wherein the test BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION tubes are passed through a centrifuge to Separate Serum from An automated blood Sample processing System is pro other blood components and thereafter the blood Samples are Vided in which primary test tubes each having a blood passed to a pipetting System into which primary Samples are Sample drawn from a patient are loaded. A conveyor System aliquoted into Secondary test tubes and identified with a bar moves the test tubes along Selectable routes. code label. A centrifuge is employed for Separating blood Serum from 2. Description of Related Art other blood components. After centrifugation the conveyor 25 System moves the primary test tubes to a pipetting System. Modern day blood analysis procedures require that pri A Secondary test tube loading area receives empty Sec mary blood Samples, as drawn from patients, be Subjected to ondary test tubes that are conveyed to the pipetting System. a Sequence of Steps which, if practiced entirely manually, are In the pipetting System into which primary and empty exceedingly time consuming. Due to the increasingly large Secondary test tubes are moved by the conveyor System, number of blood analysises performed as a part of Societies means is provided to aliquot Serum Samples from each of the continuing effort to improve and economize health care primary test tubes into Selected numbers of Secondary test Services, need exists for Streamlining the process. For this tubes. reason, others have provided Systems for automating certain The number of aliquots performed by the pipetting System blood Sampling procedures. AS an example, U.S. Pat. No. for each blood Sample is controlled by a System computer 4,927,545 entitled “Method and Apparatus For Automated 35 that responds to a comparison of patient data input with a bar Processing and Analysis of Blood Serum” provides a code label provided on each of the primary test tubes. method of centrifugation of test tubes containing blood After being Supplied with Serum Samples, a bar code label Specimens including the use of a robotic arm for moving test is applied to each of the Secondary test tubes employing tubes into and out of a centrifuge. The teachings of U.S. Pat. information Supplied by the System computer. No. 4,927,545 are herein adopted by reference in this present 40 The secondary test tubes are then moved by the conveyor application. System to a capper System wherein caps or Stoppers are U.S. Pat. No. 4,595,563 entitled “Apparatus For Sample affixed. After capping, the Secondary test tubes are moved by Transfer and Analysis For Centrifugation' teaches another the conveyor System to a Sortation System in which each are System wherein centrifugation of blood Samples can be Sorted into Separate slots in a Sortation tray where they may carried out by automated means. 45 be removed for Subsequent processing. Still another example of the automation of the processing The conveyor System includes accumulation areas at of blood Samples, and particularly for the centrifugation various Stages, Such as in advance of the centrifuge where thereof, U.S. Pat. No. 3,826,622 entitled “Containers For test tubes are arrayed in queues while awaiting processing. Use In An Automated Centrifuge' discloses Specially shaped An accumulation area is also provided in advance of the containers for use in an automated System. 50 pipetting System where both primary and Secondary test U.S. Pat. No. 3,944,133 entitled “Automated Centrifuge” tubes are held in reserve. illustrates and describes another automated arrangement for The System computer may be connected to a remotely Subjecting blood Specimens to centrifugal force to Separate located host computer wherein patient information is Stored. the Serum and other components for further processing. Information available from the host computer controls the 55 number of aliquots of each blood Sample performed in the For additional background information relating to the pipetting System and for the input of information into the bar automated processing of blood Samples, reference may also code printer to insure that proper information is applied to be had to United States patents: each of the Secondary test tubes. A more complete understanding of the invention will be 60 Pat. No. INVENTOR TITLE obtained from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment and the claims, taken in conjunction 3,151,073 Anthon Centrifuging Apparatus with the attached drawings. 3,883,305 Hoskins et al. Automatic Chemical Analysis Apparatus DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 4,906.432 Geiselman Liquid Handling 4,933,291 Daiss et al. Centrifugable Pipette Tip And 65 FIG. 1 is an isometric illustration of an automated blood Pipette Therefor Sample processing System incorporating the principles of the invention. 5,814,276 3 4 FIG. 2 is a plan view of the system of FIG. 1. In both or Second primary test tube loading area 1 for test tubes FIGS. 1 and 2 the various stages of the system are illustrated holding Samples which have already been centrifuged, will diagrammatically. be routed past a bar code Scanner.
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