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Job Satisfaction in the Public Sector

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Job Satisfaction in the Public Sector School of Social Sciences Masters in Business Administration (MBA) Postgraduate Dissertation Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education Amalia Tsoukia Supervisor: Apostolos Giovanis Patras, Greece, July 2020 Amalia Tsoukia, Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education © Hellenic Open University, 2020 The content of this thesis/dissertation along with its results is owned by the Hellenic Open University and his/her author, where each of them has the sole and exclusive right to use, reproduce, and publish it (totally or partially) for educational or research purposes, with the obligation to make reference to the thesis’s title, the author’s name and to the Hellenic Open University where the thesis / dissertation was written. Postgraduate Dissertation ii Amalia Tsoukia, Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education Amalia Tsoukia Supervising Committee Supervisor: Co-Supervisor: Apostolos Giovanis Lamprini Piha Patras, Greece, July 2020 Postgraduate Dissertation iii Amalia Tsoukia, Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education To my family, for all their support My gratitude to my supervising professor A. Giovannis, for his guidance and help Postgraduate Dissertation iv Amalia Tsoukia, Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education Abstract The Public Sector in Greece always faced many problems regarding its daily operation, the level of quality in services to the citizens and the vast bureaucracy that makes every procedure complex, time consuming and frustrating to both the public and the employees of the Ministries. The Ministry of Education and Religions is the ministry with the highest number of employees, both teachers and administrative staff. One would expect that it should also be the one with the most effective administration. That is not the case because of many factors, as the appointment of Directors with no obligatory administrative skills or studies, the staffing of the regional services not with permanent staff but with relocated teachers with no administrative skills, the transfer of employees from other closed public companies such as Olympic Airways, irrelevant to the nature of the duties of an administrative employee. Neither the permanent transfers of other employees nor the temporarily relocated teachers have been evaluated or trained in administrative skills. Also, the lack of an organizational chart until recently, created many barricades possibly affecting among other things, the degree of job satisfaction of administrative staff. The aim of this research is to determine the job satisfaction levels of the administrative staff and the teaching staff that perform administrative duties at the regional education services and to examine if government policies at the regional educational offices have been effective. This study is organised in four sections. The first chapter is the theoretical basis about job satisfaction and defines the common theories of job satisfaction. The second chapter reviews the literature on the satisfaction of employees in public administration and specifically for the Ministry of Education. The third section is about the methodology that has been used for the research and the fourth section lists the results of the survey. Keywords Human resources, job satisfaction, motivation, work environment, efficiency Postgraduate Dissertation v Amalia Tsoukia, Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education Περίληψη Ο Δημόσιος Τομέας στην Ελλάδα αντιμετώπιζε πάντα πολλά προβλήματα σχετικά με την καθημερινή λειτουργία του, το επίπεδο ποιότητας των υπηρεσιών προς τους πολίτες και την τεράστια γραφειοκρατία που καθιστά κάθε διαδικασία περίπλοκη, χρονοβόρα και απογοητευτική τόσο για το κοινό όσο και για τους υπαλλήλους των Υπουργείων. Το Υπουργείο Παιδείας και Θρησκευμάτων είναι το υπουργείο με τον υψηλότερο αριθμό υπαλλήλων στη χώρα. Θα περίμενε κανείς ότι θα ήταν και αυτό με την πιο αποτελεσματική διοίκηση. Αυτό δεν συμβαίνει λόγω πολλών παραγόντων, όπως ο διορισμός διευθυντών χωρίς υποχρεωτικές διοικητικές δεξιότητες ή σπουδές, η στελέχωση των περιφερειακών υπηρεσιών όχι με μόνιμο προσωπικό αλλά με αποσπασμένους καθηγητές χωρίς διοικητικές δεξιότητες, τη μεταφορά υπαλλήλων από άλλη επιχείρηση του Δημοσίου όπως η Olympic Airways, άσχετες με τη φύση των καθηκόντων ενός διοικητικού υπαλλήλου. Ούτε οι μεταταχθέντες διοικητικοί υπάλληλοι ούτε οι προσωρινά αποσπασμένοι εκπαιδευτικοί δεν έχουν αξιολογηθεί ή εκπαιδευθεί σε διοικητικές δεξιότητες. Επίσης, η έλλειψη οργανογράμματος μέχρι πρόσφατα, δημιούργησε πολλά εμπόδια που ενδεχομένως επηρέαζαν, μεταξύ άλλων, τον βαθμό εργασιακής ικανοποίησης του προσωπικού. Ο στόχος αυτής της έρευνας είναι να προσδιορίσει τα επίπεδα ικανοποίησης από την εργασία του διοικητικού προσωπικού και του διδακτικού προσωπικού που εκτελεί διοικητικά καθήκοντα στις περιφερειακές εκπαιδευτικές υπηρεσίες και να εξετάσει εάν οι κυβερνητικές πολιτικές στα περιφερειακά εκπαιδευτικά γραφεία ήταν αποτελεσματικές. Αυτή η μελέτη οργανώνεται σε τέσσερα τμήματα. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο είναι η θεωρητική βάση για την ικανοποίηση από την εργασία και καθορίζει τις κοινές θεωρίες της ικανοποίησης από την εργασία. Στο δεύτερο κεφάλαιο εξετάζεται η βιβλιογραφία σχετικά με την ικανοποίηση των εργαζομένων στη δημόσια διοίκηση και συγκεκριμένα για το Υπουργείο Παιδείας. Η τρίτη ενότητα αφορά τη μεθοδολογία που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για την έρευνα και η τέταρτη ενότητα παραθέτει τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας. Λέξεις-κλειδιά Ανθρώπινοι πόροι, ικανοποίηση από την εργασία, κίνητρα, εργασιακό περιβάλλον, αποτελεσματικότητα Postgraduate Dissertation vi Amalia Tsoukia, Job satisfaction in the Public Sector: The case of the Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................................ v Περίληψη ........................................................................................................................................................ vi Graphs Index ................................................................................................................................................... ix Tables Index ..................................................................................................................................................... x Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1 – Job satisfaction theories................................................................................................................5 1.1 Maslow’s pyramid of needs theory ..................................................................................................6 1.2 Job characteristics model .................................................................................................................8 1.3 Herzberg’s motivator – hygiene theory ...........................................................................................9 1.4 Locke’s Range of Affect theory .................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Other job satisfaction theory ......................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 2 – Literature review on job satisfaction ......................................................................................... 14 2.1 Job satisfaction in the Public Sector ............................................................................................. 14 2.2 Job satisfaction in the Greek Public Sector ................................................................................... 16 2.3 Hetero employment and job satisfaction ...................................................................................... 24 2.4 Job satisfaction of Ministry of Education employees ..................................................................... 26 Chapter 3 – Research Methodology .............................................................................................................. 32 3.1 Scope and targets .......................................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Research questions ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.3 Research tools ............................................................................................................................... 33 3.4 Research sample............................................................................................................................ 34 3.5 Research design ............................................................................................................................ 34 Chapter 4 – Research results ......................................................................................................................... 35 4.1 Descriptive statistics ....................................................................................................................
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