The Great Yellow River Integrated River Basin Management — for International Conference on Transboundary River Basin Management

Home , Yellow River

Sun Feng Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC), Ministry of Water Resources People’s Republic of China Tailand, 2012 May. Presentation Outline

• Introduction

• Water and Environment Challenges

• Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River

• Achievements

The Yellow River Basin

• Length: 5,464 km • Catchment area: 790,000 km² • Runoff 58 billion m3 • Inhabitants in ca.: ca. 115 Mio. • Political structure: 9 provinces

• sediment load: average 1.6 billions tons/yr very high sediment accretion; 35 – 900 g /L SS • river is used for hydropower cooling water drinking water irrigation waste water discharge River Length (km) Sediment Transportation (million ton/year)

1. Nile 6670 1 Yellow River 1600 2. Amazon 6436 2 Indo-Ganges 1500 3. Yangtze 6300 3 Amazon 1160 4. Mississippi 6021 4 Yangtze 550 5. Yellow River 5464 5 Brahmaputra 540 6. Mekong 4880 6 Mississippi 400 1.6 billion ton/year 27 times equator Presentation Outline

• Introduction

• Water and Environment Challenges

• Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River

• Achievements ChallengesChallenges----WaterWater scarcityscarcity85%

n io at g 15% ri Ir 88% 98% population

城市 M 12% & 用 2% I 水 91% 黄河水量 Water in YR

YR Water use in China 9% Water Scarcity

• Climate Change • Economic development • Population growth • Urbanization

226 River Runs Dry since 1980s 250

200

150天数

100

0 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998

利津站历年断流天数示意图 704km

Challenges --Soil Erosion & High Sediment Load History-China’s Sorrow Challenges Tianjin --Flood Threat

Jinan 250thousand km2

Zhengzhou

Nanjing

Suspended River Yellow River Embankments

13 m Challenges --Water Pollution

42 （%） 80 45 70 40 60 35 61 30 50 25 21 40 20 30 31 15 20 10 10 5 0 0 1980s80年代1990s 90年代 1985年1980s 1990s 2001年 Waste Inflow (0.1 billion ton) Poor Water quality Presentation Outline

• Introduction

• Water and Environment Challenges

• Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River

• Achievements Adaptive Measures--” 1493” Scheme

Keeping Health life of the Yellow River

No dike No Cease No No river breach of Flow excessive bed rising pollution

1 2 9 Management Measures and Approaches 9

Real Digital Physical Yellow Yellow Scaled Y- River River River Adopting a Holistic Approach

consisting of institutional, legal, collaborative arrangement, investments in infrastructure and engineering, supporting and scientific technologies, and economic interventions. Flood Management •1400 km Embankments •Multi-purpose projects/ detention basin •non-structural measures(Numerical Modeling)

万家寨水库

QikouQikou

GuxianGuxian DetentionDetention BasinBasin DetentionDetention basinbasin Xiaolangdi Xiaolangdi Sanmenxia EmbankmentsEmbankments Sanmenxia HuayuankouHuayuankou Guxian 22000m3/s Guxian LuhunLuhun

Wuqi County

理理

治治区区

点点

重重 •Project area 180,000 km2 •Key dams 1370 •Forestation, Agro-measures •Erosion Monitoring Soil Erosion Control & Ecosystem Restoration Sediment Management –Artificial flood since 2002 • Flushing River Sediments • Reservoirs Maintenance/protection from Siltation • Flood Plain and Wetlands Restoration •Improve River Morphology and Reduce Flood Risk

Density flow Integrated Water Allocation & Environmental Flow in Basin Scale

10 years for: River flow Ecological restoration Sediments transportation Water quality Equality of water use

Sanshenggong Wanjiazhai

Daliushu Qingtongxia

Longyangxia Liujiaxia Guxian Xiaolangdi

Sanmenxia Integrated Water Allocation & Environmental Flow Legal Measures •Yellow River Water Allocation Regulation •Yellow River Water Allocation Management Rules •Regulation of Yellow River Water Allocation Yellow River Basin Drought Alleviation Scheme

Public Consultation & Stakeholder Involvement

Technical Measures • Water Allocation Scheme • Remote Control and Real Time Control • Monitoring & Warning • Modeling systems for prediction

Economic Measures • Water Pricing & Water Market • Water Right Transfer Water Resources Protection

• Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution issued and enforced • Remotely monitoring effluent outlets • Monitoring sites for provincial-boundary water quality • Mobile Labs Presentation Outline

• Introduction

• Water and Environment Challenges

• Adaptive measures for the Yellow River

• Achievements Achievements Flood Security Improve River Morphology and Reduce Flood Risk Secure the people living in the floodplain along the banks Secure safety from floods Achievements • Ecosystem protection in the headstream Achievements (Con.)

300 million tons sediment reduced by watershed rehabilitation in the middle Loess Plateau

Loess PLateau Yellow River Delta • Biodiversity increased

¾ Rare fishes reappeared, saury, bronze grudge etc.

¾ New habitats for birds from 187 species in1992 to 300 species in 2010

¾ More Rare wild animals , 459 kinds found in the reserve, nearly doubled

¾ Wetlands vegetation increased

kingfisher

Gull Eastern Egret 鸟类迁徙路线 Migration routes in Yellow River Delta Eurasia Achievements (Con.)

Social-Economic Sustainability • Equality of water use • Water saving

¾ Water use efficiency In 1997, water used was 560 m3 for 10thousand RMB GDP, in 2003, 309 m3, up 45%

¾ Water used fall down Inner Mongolia, 6.491billion m3, down to 5.952 billion m3 Shan Dong, 8.745 billion m3, down to 6.625 billion m3 • Economic boost

¾ Basin GDP Increase average 30.9 billion RMB/year Acknowledged by the International Community • YRCC Won 2010 Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize

• UNESCO—Yellow River Case published in WWDR3&4

• Asian-Pacific Knowledge Hub — Center of Hydroinformatics for Integrated River Basin Management (CHIRB) www.riverforum.cn Zhengzhou Convention Center Thanks for Attention

Keeping Healthy Life of the Rivers