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D. Important Rivers of the World Masters 18 and 19, Rivers of the the Source of a River Is the Point Where It Begins—Often in Highland Areas

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D. Important Rivers of the World Masters 18 and 19, Rivers of the the Source of a River Is the Point Where It Begins—Often in Highland Areas CK_3_TH_HG_P091_145.QXD 4/11/05 10:56 AM Page 108 I. World Geography years, a more diverse group of immigrants from all over the world came to the Teaching Idea United States. The native customs and the cultural influence of the immigrants In teaching about the search for the combined to form a “melting pot,” or a blend of many different ideas, beliefs, and Northwest Passage in American characteristics that is uniquely American. History and Geography Section II (see pp. 169–171), relate the strong French Major Cities: Montreal, Quebec, and Toronto influence in modern Canada to the When the province of Quebec made French its official language in 1974, a European interest in finding a northern number of English-speaking companies and workers left the province, and its route to the Indies. cities, like Quebec, suffered economically. Tourism is a major business today, however, and Quebec City remains a center for the manufacture of textiles and clothing. The city, situated on the St. Lawrence River, is also a busy port and the Teaching Idea capital of Quebec province. Go to the library to begin some Montreal is the largest city in Quebec and the second largest in all of Canada. research. Have students find books on It was founded as a mission for Native Americans where the St. Lawrence and the Canada—specifically, on the major Ottawa Rivers meet. It is the second-largest French-speaking city in the world. cities. Compare and contrast the major Today, it is the home of McGill University and of industries such as oil refining, cities of Canada with major cities in meatpacking, plastics, and publishing. Montreal is also an important inland port. the United States. How are they simi- Toronto, the largest Canadian city, is the capital of Ontario and the leading lar? How are they different? commercial and cultural center of the predominantly English-speaking provinces. Built on the northern shore of Lake Ontario, Toronto is a busy port. Its industries include publishing, meatpacking, food processing, and clothing manufacturing. Teaching Idea Make overheads of Instructional D. Important Rivers of the World Masters 18 and 19, Rivers of the The source of a river is the point where it begins—often in highland areas. Eastern Hemisphere and Rivers of the The source of the Mississippi River is Lake Itasca, Minnesota, 1,463 feet above sea Western Hemisphere, and use them to level. One of the sources of the Nile River is the Luvironza River above Lake orient students to the location of each Victoria (Victoria Nyanza) in Burundi. The Nile itself begins as water exits Lake world river. Victoria near Ripon Falls. The mouth of a river is the point where it empties into a larger body of water. The mouth of the Amazon River empties into the Atlantic Ocean. Note also the Name Date term estuary, which is where the fresh water of a river meets the salt water of Rivers of the Eastern Hemisphere the sea. Study the map. Use it to answer the questions below. ARCTIC A tributary is a river that flows into another river. The Mississippi River has OCEAN more than 250 tributaries. Its main tributaries are the Missouri and Ohio Rivers. Ob River Volga River NORTH SEA ASIA . A drainage basin is the area through which a major river and its tributaries (a Rhine R EUROPE Danube R. Yellow (Huang He) R. BLACK CASPIAN river system) flow. The Amazon River has hundreds of tributaries, and together SEA SEA ) R. e (Ch’ang ngtz MEDITERRANEAN dus R Ya SEA In Ganges R. YELLOW Nile R. SEA the river system drains 40% of South America, most of it through rainforest. The AFRICA EAST CHINA Bay of SEA ARABIAN Bengal PACIFIC Niger R. SEA OCEAN Mississippi River basin is some 1.2 million square miles of fertile farmland that GULF OF Congo River GUINEA INDIAN ATLANTIC OCEAN stretches from the Appalachians to the Rockies. OCEAN AUSTRALIA ng R. rli N Da 0 1000 Miles W E Murray R. 0 1000 Kilometers S Asian Rivers 1. Which African river flows north and empties into the Mediterranean Sea? the Nile River 2. Where are the Darling River and the Murray River located? Ob River e Knowledge Foundation in Australia Origin: Russia (Siberia) Purpose: To read and interpret a map featuring rivers of the Eastern Hemisphere Copyright ©Cor Master 18 Grade 3: History & Geography Empties Into: Estuary on the Arctic Ocean Use Instructional Master 18. Important Facts: • World’s fourth-longest river 108 Grade 3 Handbook CK_3_TH_HG_P091_145.QXD 4/11/05 10:56 AM Page 109 • Chief tributary: Irtysh River Name Date • Frozen for half the year Rivers of the Western Hemisphere Study the map. Use it to answer the questions below. BEAUFORT • Major transportation route SEA MacKenzie Yukon R. • Major port: Novosibirsk R. NORTH AMERICA St Lawrence River PACIFIC Missouri R. OCEAN Ohio R. Yellow River (Huang He) Mississippi R. ATLANTIC OCEAN GULF OF MEXICO Origin: China (Kunlun Mountains in Tibet region) and flows east Orinoco R. Amazon R. through China N W E S SOUTH Parana´ R. Empties Into: Bo Hai, an arm of the Yellow Sea St. Lawrence Seaway AMERICA 0 500 Miles Important Facts: 0 500 Kilometers 1. Which river in North America flows south and empties into the Gulf of Mexico? • Area of early Chinese civilization the Mississippi River 2. Where is the Orinoco River located? • Historically, an important agricultural area in South America e Knowledge Foundation Purpose: To read and interpret a map featuring rivers of North and South America Copyright ©Cor • Known as “China’s Sorrow” because of the destruction caused by its flooding Master 19 Grade 3: History & Geography • Named because of the fertile yellow silt it carries as it flows east • Created a delta known as the Great China Plain Use Instructional Master 19. • 50-year dam project begun in 1955 to harness water for electric power Yangtze (Ch’ang) Teaching Idea Origin: China (southwest) As you are studying each group of Empties Into: East China Sea rivers, create an overhead of Important Facts: Instructional Master 20, Rivers of the • Longest river in Asia World, and fill in the class chart to • Third-longest river in the world help organize student learning as well as structure the lessons on each river. • Once the Three Gorges Dam is complete, it will be the world’s largest dam and will provide more hydroelectricity than any other facility. • Major route for commerce between east and west China • Source of 40% of China’s electrical power Name Date Rivers of the World • Drains about 25% of China’s arable land Continent: Asia River Name Origin Empties Into Important Facts Ob River Russia (Siberia) Estuary on the Possible answers include: Arctic Ocean • World’s fourth-longest river Ganges River • Chief tributary: Irtysh River • Frozen for half the year • Major transportation route Origin: Himalayas • Major port: Novosibirsk Yellow (Huang He) River China (Kunlun Bo Hai, an arm of • Area of early Chinese civilization Mountains the Yellow Sea • Historically an important agricultural area in Tibet region) • Known as “China’s Sorrow” because of the Empties Into: Joins Brahmaputra in Bangladesh and empties into Bay of destruction caused by its flooding • Named because of the fertile, yellow silt it carries as it flows east • Created a delta known as the Great China Plain • 50-year dam project begun in 1955 to harness water for Bengal electric power Yangtze (Ch’ang) River China (southwest) East China Sea • Longest river in Asia • Third-longest river in the world • Once the Three Gorges Dam is complete, it will be the Important Facts: world’s largest dam and provide more hydroelectricity than any other facility. • Major route for commerce between east and west China • Source of 40% of China’s electrical power • Drains about 25% of China’s arable land • Flows through Gangetic Plain in India and Ganges Delta in e Knowledge Foundation Directions: Fill in the appropriate continent and the rest of the columns as students study rivers of the world. Purpose: To identify the major rivers of the world and their features Copyright ©Cor Bangladesh Master 20a Grade 3: History & Geography • Holy river to Hindus • Considered reincarnation of Hindu deity, Ganga Use Instructional Masters 20a–20g. • Important irrigation source for India and Bangladesh Indus River Origin: Tibet region of China Empties Into: Joins five smaller rivers and empties into the Arabian Sea History and Geography: World 109 CK_3_TH_HG_P091_145.QXD 4/11/05 10:56 AM Page 110 I. World Geography Important Facts: • Site of early Indus Valley civilization • Flows through infertile delta of clay and mud • Navigable only for small ships • Used for irrigation and hydroelectric power Teaching Idea African Rivers Draw a schematic that shows a river Nile River meandering from its source to its mouth Origin: Luvironza River in Burundi and emptying through a delta. Along the Empties Into: Mediterranean Sea river’s course, show tributaries feeding into the river and indicate that this area Important Facts: is all part of the main river’s drainage • Site of ancient Egyptian civilization basin. Include a dam and reservoir in • World’s longest river the schematic. Also, reinforce that it is • Flows north a misconception that all rivers flow • White Nile and Blue Nile become the Nile proper at Khartoum, Sudan from north to south. They flow from a • Creates huge delta at river mouth higher point to a lower point, so add some hills or mountains at the origin of • Used to flood annually; now dammed; Aswan Dam created huge lake in the river. You can use the Nile River as southern Egypt an example.
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