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Home , Dadu River, Grand Canal (China), Guo River, Hai River, Han River (Guangdong), Han River (Hubei)

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A ‘Beautiful ’ 4, 16, 18, 37, 44, 341 99, 320, 377, 381 Ammonia Nitrogen 37, 76, 110, 2, 6–8, 20, 25, 29, 30, 34, 212, 214, 249 43, 63, 97, 111, 148, 154, -Heilong River 9, 337, 156–158, 162–166, 172, 178, 339–341, 350 181, 182, 184, 196, 203, 230, Anglian Water 314 247, 256, 258, 267, 269, 270, Guozhen 329 273, 278, 280–282, 298, 309, Aqueducts 4, 41, 177, 231 338, 379 Aquifer salinization 64, 99 Beijing Capital Group 297, 324, ‘The ’s Battery’ 355 329, 330 Asia Environment, Singapore 318 Beijing Enterprises Water Group Asian Infrastructure Development 297, 324 Bank (AIIB) 98 Beijing No.10 Water Project 314 Asia Water Technology, Singapore Beijing Origin Water Technology 318 324 Beijing-- 31–33, 44, 114, 157 B Beijing Urban Construction 330 Baiji dolphin (white dolphin) 251

© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive 383 license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 S. Lee, China’s Water Resources Management, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78779-0 384 Index

Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) 9, 22, China State Grid Corporation 236 31–33, 44, 98, 175, 241, 344, China Corporation 365–367, 369, 370, 379 236, 237 3, 19, 196, 219, 248, China Water Affairs Group, 250, 353, 356 Kong 318 Blue-green algae 8, 10, 143, 193, China Water Exchange 172, 175, 201, 212, 217, 218, 221, 223, 184, 215 225 China Wuzhou Engineering 330 Brownfield projects 315, 316 Chinese Community Party (CCP) 7, Build-Own-Operate (BOO) 316 16, 20, 28, 32, 39, 116, 129, Build-Renovate-Operate-Transfer 130, 133, 149, 168, 175, 202, (BROT) 316, 317 203, 205, 206, 208, 224, 230, Build-Transfer 317 239, 257, 283, 293, 302, 325, 326, 379 Chinese paddlefish 251 C Chinese sturgeon 251 9, 353, 355, 356, 358, Chongqing 20, 35, 41, 86, 243, 360, 362–365, 370 245–247, 250, 298 ‘Cancer Villages’ 83, 99 Circular on Accelerating the Reform Catastrophe insurance 41, 42, 53, 86 of Water Price, Promoting Cathay International Holdings, Water Saving and Protecting Hong Kong 318 Water Resource, 2004 304 Chao 52, 80 Climate change 3, 6, 16–18, 20, 22, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 41, 53, 64, 67, 85, 88, 91, 37, 76, 78, 79, 82, 110, 142, 93–98, 100, 122, 130, 131, 212–214, 221, 249 229, 230, 251, 278, 281, 282, Chengdu No. 6 Build-Operate- 353, 355, 377, 378 Transfer (BOT) plant Climate change impacts 51, 53, 93 296 Climate finance 98 China, 15 major international river Compensated Use of Tradable basins 9 Emission Permit Program China Datang Corporation 236 (CUTEPP) 215–217 China Everbright 330 Cooperative Joint Venture (CJV) China Huadian Corporation 236 314, 317 China Huaneng Corporation 236 COVID-19 28, 333 China Engi- Cultural Revolution (1966–1976) neering Consulting Group 256 (Hydrochina) 237 China Lesso Group 324 Index 385

D Ecology and Environment Bureaus Da Chang BOT water project, (EEBs) 80, 139, 142, 192, 314 198, 199, 211, 215, 308 273, 275 Economic instruments 4, 32, 153, 247, 267, 183, 192, 199, 380 270, 272, 283 rehabilitation 19, 27, 229 Decoupling 29, 30 3, 5, 6, 17, 18, 22, 26, Deeper aquifers 63 37, 42–45, 51, 61, 62, 66, 76, Deforestation 95, 351 98, 99, 114, 127, 131, 148, Demand management 6, 7, 10, 114, 154, 156, 172, 179, 206, 209, 131, 158, 159, 168, 281, 378, 219, 251, 254, 255, 263, 265, 381 272, 275–278, 284, 349, 353, Desalination 5, 107, 112, 114, 266, 356, 361, 366, 368 295, 312, 313 Electric Power Law 236 Desertification 43, 61, 195, 349 Environmental Tax 160, Dianchi Lake 52, 80 192 Dongting Lake 52, 60, 66, 67, 245, Environmental protection 19 250 Environmental Protection Bureaus Don Sahong 355, 358 (EPBs) 80, 82, 142, 192. See -prone areas 53, 90, 92 also Ecology and Environment Drought risk management 53, 92 Bureaus (EEBs) 3, 5, 16, 20, 40, 41, 51, Environmental Protection Law 106, 53, 84, 86, 90–93, 95, 99, 115, 137, 138, 193, 198, 207, 100, 106, 130, 131, 141, 156, 302, 305 251, 282, 357, 377 Environmental Protection Tax Law 2 139, 199 Environmental sustainability 9, 15, 35, 106, 108, 148, 159, 160, 168, 219, 349, 371, 377 E Environment Impact Assessment Eastern route 253, 256, 257, 260, (EIA) 192, 194 262–267, 269, 271, 272, 276, Environment Impact Assessment 280, 281, 284 (EIA) Law 137, 138 Ecological 4, 21, 22, 32, Equity Joint Venture (EJV) 314, 317 44, 99, 121, 130, 148, 163, Estuary salinization 265 225, 294, 302, 303, 311, 377 Eutrophication 52, 79, 99, 218, 219, Ecological degradation 2, 254, 278 221, 222, 251 Ecological Red Lines 4, 27, 191–193, 195, 196 386 Index

F Golden State Environment Group Fertilizers and pesticides 52, 82, 83, 315 222 Golden waterway 35, 243 Fisheries Law 137, 144 ‘Go West’ campaign 273, 361 Five Energy Giants 237. See also Grand 2, 264, 265 China Datang Corporation; Law 137, 144 China Huadian Corporation; Greater (GMS) China Huaneng Corporation; program 344, 346, 360, 367 China State Grid Corpora- Movement tion; China Three Gorges (1958–962) 256 Corporation Greenfield projects 315, 316, 327 Five Year Environmental Plans Groundwater resource management (FYEPs) 195 42 control 26, 33, 85, 89, 97, Groundwater resources 5, 17, 19, 129, 134, 144, 229, 231, 242, 22, 26, 34, 42, 43, 45, 51, 52, 244, 245, 248, 282, 309 54, 61–63, 68–70, 78, 84, 98, Law 86, 106, 132, 99, 108, 120, 153, 155, 156, 137, 144 163, 198, 224, 263, 269, 270, Flood control 53, 85 278 Flood prevention 10, 43, 85, 86, 95, 20, 70, 113, 135, 144, 201, 206, 229, 283, 284, 171–173, 181, 182, 200, 242, 333, 379 245, 247, 313 Flood Prevention Regulation 86 29, 30, 298 Flood prone areas 84 2, 3, 5, 16, 40, 41, 44, 45, 51, 53, 84–88, 93, 94, H 97–100, 106, 130, 131, 140, 2, 57, 61, 64, 69, 93, 132, 141, 229, 242, 248, 251, 357, 156, 178, 255, 256 361, 377, 378 111, 112, 250, 254, 267, 14th Five Year Plan (2021–2025) 4, 272 273, 284 Inter China Water 329 The Helsinki Rules on the Use of the Waters of International of 1966 (1966 Helsinki Rules) G 348 River 340, 352 Heng-Ganges River 36, 341 General Water of China 324, 325 Himalayan region 36 Gezhouba Dam 251 Household wastewater discharge 52, Glacier melting 93 80 Index 387

Huai River 2, 52, 59, 64, 69, 84, J 93, 132, 156, 252, 256 Jiabao, Wen 155, 241 Hua Water, Hong Kong 320 Province 8, 83, 143, 157, Hydraulic bureaucracy 2 178, 194, 201, 204, 214, 217, Hydraulic mission 169, 229, 257, 219, 222, 223, 263, 264, 282, 283 325, 378 Hydrodiplomacy. See Water Jiangsu Zhongnan Construction 330 diplomacy Dam 361, 364, 365 Hydropower 33, 131, 229, Jinping, Xi 32, 34, 130, 175, 241, 231–233, 236, 237, 355, 358, 324, 338, 377 361, 366 Jintao, Hu 175, 241, 338 Hydropower installed capacity 232 Joint Stock Company (JSC) 315 Hydropower potential 232, 237, 361 Hyflux, Singapore 318, 320 K Keqiang, Li 16, 18, 192, 193, 257, I 258 River 339–341, 347, 351 340 Increasing block tariffs 163, 164 36, 340, 352 Industrial wastewater discharge 52, L 77, 80–82 Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Inland navigation 10, 27, 35, 92, (LMC) mechanism 9, 26, 339, 229, 243, 246, 248, 265, 283, 344, 352, 357, 362, 379 284, 340, 359, 362, 365, 366 Lancang-Mekong River 9, 10, 36, Institutional framework 4, 136, 201 60, 236, 338–341, 344, 346, Integrated Water Resources Manage- 348, 352, 353, 357, 359, ment (IWRM) 97, 106, 137, 361–363, 365, 366, 369, 370 139, 144, 282, 309 Lancang-Mekong River Environment Inter-basin water transfer projects 7, Cooperation Center 26 10, 69, 131, 229, 230, 252, Lancang-Mekong Water Resources 254–256, 283 Cooperation Center 364 International Law Association (ILA) on Five Year Action Plan 364 348, 349 Land subsidence 43, 52, 63, 99 Inter-provincial coordination 134 9, 340, 353, 355, 356, Irrawaddy River 341, 357 358–360, 362–364, 368, 370 project 2, 27, 231 Large dams 10, 231, 275, 283, 350, - River 339–341, 351, 352, 358, 364, 365 370 52, 56, 64, 69, 76, 156 388 Index

Loess Plateau 61 Ministry of Natural Resources Lower Mekong countries 9, 344, (MNR) 106, 120, 123, 127, 357, 358, 362, 364–366, 369 128, 131, 303, 313 Lower Mekong River 355, 356, 358, Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) 368–370 7, 54–58, 61, 62, 64, 66, 68–70, 73, 85, 90, 106, 109, 116, 120, 122, 123, 128, M 130–132, 136, 147, 148, 156, Marubeni 314 161, 162, 168–172, 206, 207, Measures on the Guarantee of Fixed 233, 237, 258, 273, 303, 305, Profit Margins for Foreign 309 Investment Projects, 2002 304 Mitsubishi 314 353, 356, 361, 364, Multi-purpose and agricultural dams 365 4 Mekong River Agreement, 1995 357 (MRC) 9, 339, 344, 352, 353, N 355–359, 362, 365–368, 370, National Assessment Report on 380 Climate Change, 2015 53, 94 routes 230 National Climate Change Adaptation Middle route 34, 97, 157, 158, 163, Strategy 96 178, 247, 252–254, 256, 257, National Development and Reform 259, 260, 265, 267, 269–271, Commission (NDRC) 120, 273, 276–278, 280–284 122, 129, 147, 210, 237, 280, Ministry of and Rural 307 Affairs 120, 136, 237 Nationally Determined Ministry of Ecology and Environ- Contributions (NDCs) ment (MEE) 5, 7, 54, 74–77, 97 79–81, 93, 95–98, 106, 116, National People’s Congress 17, 18, 120–123, 127, 130–132, 135, 144, 147, 239 134–136, 147, 148, 220, 237, Development Company 238, 258, 302, 307, 308, 380 314 Ministry of Emergency Management NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen). See 87, 106, 120, 127, 129, 130 Ammonia Nitrogen Ministry of Environmental Protec- 1995 BOT Circular 304 tion 19, 105, 116, 120–123, 1997 United Nations Convention on 213, 222, 311 the Law of Non-Navigational Ministry of Housing and Uses of International Water- Urban-Rural Development 120 courses (1997 UN Water Index 389

Convention) 348–350, 359, Precipitation 5, 41, 42, 51, 54, 370 56–62, 79, 88, 90, 91, 94, 95, No.1 Central Document 2011 107 132, 157, 179, 276 Non-Point Source (NPS) 5, 37, 52, Public participation 114, 140, 142, 77, 80, 99, 113, 123, 191 144, 207, 209, 210, 224 Plain 28, 42, 61, 62, Public Private Partnership (PPP) 64, 78, 82, 83, 99, 132, 163, 294, 295, 297–299, 303, 305, 231, 269, 273 307–310, 312, 314, 315, 317, Nu- 36, 60, 236, 340, 324–330, 332, 333 341, 346, 357, 361 NWS Holdings, Hong Kong 318 Q - 59, 274, 341, 353 O Oligotrophication 52, 79, 99 Open-door policy 2, 15, 70, 137, R 229, 231, 256 Rainwater harvesting 5, 7, 68–70, Operation and Maintenance (O&M) 312 81, 131, 166, 295 Renewable water resources 16, 54, Overseas Chinese companies 296, 55, 68, 98, 155, 156 318, 320 average volume of 54 Renovate-Operate-Transfer (ROT) 316, 317 P ‘Reservoir-induced seismicity’ 248 Paris Agreement 97 2, 41, 53, 85, 95, 110, 52, 56, 57, 60, 64, 69, 157, 158, 163, 174, 260, 270, 76, 87, 93, 113, 132, 173, 341 271, 283, 378 Peng, Li 238, 239 Resettlement 238, 247, 265, 269, Per capita water consumption 155, 271, 272, 279 156 Resettlement with Development 247 Per capita water resources 5, 29, 54, River and freshwater lake basins 51 56, 158, 270 River basins 2, 22, 26, 60, 64, 76, Permanganate 76, 79, 218, 249 78, 79, 99, 108, 113, 114, Physical infrastructure 4, 22, 45, 135, 141, 142, 233, 253, 255, 185, 378 341, 345, 351, 352 Pollution Discharge Fee System 192, River (Lake) Chief System 8, 10, 26, 193, 199, 216 115, 143, 192, 193, 200–207, Poyang Lake 52, 66, 67, 251 223, 224, 305, 378 390 Index

S Sponge City Initiative 43, 45, 85, Salcon, Malaysia 318 312, 329, 333 Sanchuan Wisdom Technology 330 State Environment Protection Sanitation and hygiene 21 Administration (SEPA) 220, Schistosomiasis 251, 265 222, 380 SDG 6 Water and Sanitation 17, 19, State Oceanic Administration 123 21 State-Owned Assets Supervision and Sea level rise 53, 93, 94, 356 Administration Commission Sembcorp Utilities, Singapore 320 238 Sengezhangpu-Indus River 341 State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) 7, Seven River Basin Commissions 131, 210, 236, 238, 258 132, 172, 237 Stringent Water Resources Shallow aquifer 70 Management (SWRM) Shanghai 20, 29, 30, 35, 63, 94, 107, 108 111, 157, 163, 192, 199, 202, Suez Group 314 210, 214, 217, 219, 223, 224, Suifen- River 341 242, 245, 247, 265, 282, 297, Surface water 34, 52, 62, 69, 75, 77, 298, 309, 314, 315 82, 116, 139, 141, 156, 162, Shanghai Pudong Water Supply 163, 197, 217, 218, 263, 271, Corporation 315 281 Shenzhen Water Group 325 Surface water resources 5, 54, 56–59, Shuangliang Eco-Energy Systems 62, 68, 98, 184 329 Sustainable development 3, 15 Economic Belt 31, 32 Sustainable Development Goals Siltation 231, 249, 250 (SDGs) 4, 9, 17–19, 21, 22, Sime Darb, Malaysia 318 33, 44, 195, 377 Sino-French Company 314 Socialist market economy 28, 160, 294, 301, 324, 325 T erosion 16, 26, 61, 195 Tai Basin Authority (TBA) 223, 225 52, 56, 64, 69, 76 Tai Lake 8, 10, 52, 60, 67, 132, 143, Sound Group 297 193–195, 201, 210, 212–214, South North Water Transfer Project 217, 219, 221–223, 225 7, 10, 25, 34, 36, 53, 70, 97, Target Responsibility System 203 123, 157, 163, 168, 175–179, 36, 254 184, 207, 230, 247, 252, 255, 9, 340, 353, 355, 356, 257, 258, 260–262, 264, 268, 358–361, 364 274, 277, 284, 313, 378, 379 Thames Water 39, 296, 303, 314, South-South cooperation 26 318 Index 391

13th Five Year Plan (2016–2020) 4, Tsinghua Tongfang 325 17, 19, 20, 25, 31, 33, 37, 42, Tumen-Dooman River 9, 337, 44, 53, 96, 97, 100, 156, 192, 339–341, 344, 346, 350 195–197, 257, 302, 311, 312, Area Development 320, 329 Plan (TRADP) 346, 350 7, 10, 85, 92, 12th Five Year Plan (2011–2015) 37, 95, 99, 229–232, 237, 239, 53, 96, 109, 203, 207, 232, 240, 243, 244, 259, 277, 279, 257, 266, 299, 312, 320 283, 378 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road 3H Rivers. See Hai River; Huai 31–33 River; (Huang 2004 Berlin Rules 349 River) 2018 Water Pollution Prevention Three Red Lines 4, 9, 22, 25, 27, and Control Law 115 31, 105–107, 111, 112, 143, 2018 administrative reform 7, 106, 148, 154, 184, 207, 266, 301, 120, 130, 136, 258, 305, 309 305, 311 2030 Sustainable Development Three Synchronization System 192, Agenda 18, 39 193, 198, 199, 215, 224 Tianjin Water Group 330 Tiao-Kuai (条块) lines 120, 133, U 201 Upstream hegemon 9, 341 273, 275 Upstream Superpower 339, 341 Lake 353, 361, 365 Urbanization 1, 3, 8, 16, 43, 67, 70, Total Phosphorus (TP) 76, 79, 110, 219, 233, 256, 277, 295, 299, 214, 218, 222 356 Total Pollution Load Control Urban water and wastewater service (TPLC) 142, 194, 210, 212 charges 154, 155 Township Village Enterprises (TVEs) 52, 77, 82, 83, 99 cooperation 26, 346, 367 V Transboundary river issues 4, 10, Veolia Environment 296, 297, 315 338, 347, 350, 369, 379 9, 341, 346, 353, 355, 356, Transboundary rivers 8, 9, 22, 60, 358, 360, 362, 364–366 237, 276, 337–342, 344, 346, Virtual water 30, 153, 155, 347, 359, 361, 369, 378, 379 176–185, 380 Transfer-Operate-Transfer (TOT) Virtual water and water footprint 298, 315, 317 approach 6, 154, 175–177, Tsinghua Holdings Ltd 330 180, 378 392 Index

W Water diplomacy 33, 339, 345, 346, War on pollution 192, 193, 199 357, 359, 366, 370 Wastewater 30, 35, 39, 43, 52, Water-Energy-Climate nexus 36 68–70, 76, 80–82, 123, 154, Water footprint 10, 30, 153, 155, 160, 161, 163, 166, 167, 184, 175, 176, 178, 180, 182, 183 221, 249, 295, 298, 299, 303, Water Function Zones 110, 112 305, 312, 315, 329–331, 378 Water governance 7, 121, 144, 168, Wastewater treatment plants 25, 81, 295 142, 157, 163, 266, 281, 300, Water Law 6, 86, 106, 132, 134, 311, 312, 315, 320, 331, 378 137, 139, 140, 160, 161, 169, ‘Water Tower of China’ 341 184, 194, 305, 352 ‘Water Tower of Water Pollutant Discharge Permit ’. See ‘Water Tower System (WPDP) 215, 216 of China’ Water pollution 3, 6–8, 10, 16, 18, Water abstraction 72, 108, 109, 112, 31, 33, 39, 53, 74, 76, 77, 79, 139, 161, 169–172 82–84, 97, 99, 107, 114, 122, Water allocation 58, 74, 97, 98, 108, 134, 135, 139, 142, 143, 191, 112, 132–134, 140, 167, 170, 192, 194, 198, 202, 205, 207, 171, 178, 180, 181, 183, 277, 210, 212, 214, 215, 219, 220, 282, 352 222–225, 265, 266, 349, 351, Water and wastewater PPP market 356, 378, 380 294, 330, 333 Water Pollution Prevention and Water and wastewater service market Control Action Plan (Water 10, 293, 295, 332, 379 Ten Plan) 10, 22, 27, 105–107, Water and wastewater services 4, 113, 115, 117, 148, 205, 302, 154, 167, 184, 293–296, 299, 320, 329, 333 303, 307, 309, 310, 324, Water Pollution Trading Scheme 8, 331–333, 379 10, 192, 200, 210, 211, 214, in private sector participation 8, 223 10, 162, 293 Water Prevention and Control Law in public sector participation 8 106 Water and wastewater treatment Water pricing 6, 10, 39, 114, 154, facility 4 155, 158–162, 167, 171, 183, Water availability 54, 61, 108, 153, 184, 256, 280, 281, 295, 301, 156, 180, 182, 185, 345 303, 305, 332 Water availability per capita 54, 60 Water productivity 71, 72, 179, 183 Water demand and availability 5, 51, Water quality 5, 8–10, 22, 25, 26, 60 31, 35, 37, 43, 51–53, 63, 74–80, 82, 84, 99, 107, 110, Index 393

112–114, 120, 122, 123, 130, Water rights trading 6, 8, 10, 108, 131, 136–138, 142, 143, 163, 109, 153–155, 167–175, 183, 191–193, 196–203, 205, 210, 184, 193, 214, 224, 378, 380 214, 218, 219, 221–225, 248, Water Saving Society 96, 168, 169 249, 266, 271, 272, 294, 301, 33, 62, 97, 253, 270, 305, 308, 310, 311, 320, 333, 377, 379 340, 377, 378 Water shortage 3, 5, 6, 16, 31, 33, Water-related disasters 3, 6, 7, 9, 16, 39, 51, 53, 57, 59, 84, 90, 18, 40, 41, 53, 84, 95, 96, 93, 95, 100, 107, 135, 148, 106, 130, 131, 136, 377 153–158, 163, 174, 176, 177, Water resources 1, 5, 6, 9, 15, 17, 180, 182–184, 230, 253, 254, 19, 21, 27, 34, 51, 53, 61, 256, 263, 269, 277, 294, 301, 68, 69, 97, 105, 108, 116, 380 120, 130, 138, 148, 154, 162, Water Soil and Conservation Law 166–168, 170, 173, 174, 178, 106 206, 364, 367, 380 Water stress 25, 34, 113, 155, 157, total amount of 51, 176, 255 176, 177 Water resources development 7, 10, Water supply and use 9, 34, 51 107, 109, 131, 132, 148, 177, Water supply engineering fee 160, 229, 230, 283, 284, 363, 377 161, 304 Water resources districts 54, 56, 58, WaterSure Plus 39 69 Water Ten Plan. See Water Pollution Water resources fee 112, 139, 160, Prevention and Control Action 161, 163, 304 Plan (Water Ten Plan) Water resources management 2–4, Water Towers of Asia 36 7–9, 15–18, 20–22, 26, 27, Water transfer projects 157, 177, 31, 32, 35–37, 39, 44, 45, 230, 252, 255, 277, 282 51, 53, 97, 98, 105–107, 109, Water use efficiency 20, 22, 25, 28, 112, 113, 120–124, 130–137, 29, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 52, 71, 139, 141, 144, 148, 161, 167, 72, 107–109, 114, 148, 161, 168, 172, 175, 176, 185, 195, 176–180, 183, 281, 301 201, 202, 205, 206, 210, 225, Water withdrawals 20, 61, 181, 183 252, 280, 295, 301, 302, 307, Wenchuan 512 earthquake 41 309, 332, 357, 362, 368, 377, Western route 230, 256, 257, 259, 378, 380, 381 273–276, 284 Water Resources Tax Reform, 2016 Wholly Foreign Owned Enterprise 160 (WFOE) 315, 317 Water reuse and recycle 5, 34, 312 394 Index

X - 358 36, 60, 276, 277, 284, 338, 232 340, 352 Xiaoping, Deng 2 Yat-Sen, Sun 239, 378 Xie, Zhenhua 380 Yellow River Conservancy Commission 132, 133, 135, 256 Yellow River (Huang River) 2, 5, 61, 64, 69, 84, 87, 99, 113, 132, Y 140, 156, 231, 253–256, 262, 273, 275 267, 273, 275, 283 Yalu-Amnok River 9, 337, 339–341, -Red River 340, 341 344, 350, 370 Province 348, 359–363 River 2 Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) 31–37, 44, 196 Z Yangtze sturgeon 251 Zhangmu Dam 276