The Great Yellow River Integrated River Basin Management — for International Conference on Transboundary River Basin Management Sun Feng Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC), Ministry of Water Resources People’s Republic of China Tailand, 2012 May. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Water and Environment Challenges • Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River • Achievements The Yellow River Basin • Length: 5,464 km • Catchment area: 790,000 km² • Runoff 58 billion m3 • Inhabitants in ca.: ca. 115 Mio. • Political structure: 9 provinces • sediment load: average 1.6 billions tons/yr very high sediment accretion; 35 – 900 g /L SS • river is used for hydropower cooling water drinking water irrigation waste water discharge River Length (km) Sediment Transportation (million ton/year) 1. Nile 6670 1 Yellow River 1600 2. Amazon 6436 2 Indo-Ganges 1500 3. Yangtze 6300 3 Amazon 1160 4. Mississippi 6021 4 Yangtze 550 5. Yellow River 5464 5 Brahmaputra 540 6. Mekong 4880 6 Mississippi 400 1.6 billion ton/year 27 times equator Presentation Outline • Introduction • Water and Environment Challenges • Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River • Achievements 85% ChallengesChallenges----WaterWater scarcityscarcity n io at g 15% ri 98% Ir 88% population 城 市 M 12% & 用 2% I 水 91% 黄河水量 Water in YR YR Water use in China 9% Water Scarcity • Climate Change • Economic development • Population growth • Urbanization 250 226 River Runs Dry since 1980s200 150 天数 100 50 0 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 利津站历年断流天数示意图 704km Challenges --Soil Erosion & High Sediment Load History-China’s Sorrow Challenges Tianjin --Flood Threat Jinan 250thousand km2 Zhengzhou Nanjing Suspended River Yellow River Embankments 13 m Challenges --Water Pollution 45 （%） 80 40 42 70 35 60 30 50 25 61 40 20 21 15 30 31 10 20 5 10 0 0 1980s80年代1990s 90年代 1985年1980s 2001年1990s Waste Inflow (0.1 billion ton) Poor Water quality Presentation Outline • Introduction • Water and Environment Challenges • Adaptive Measures for the Yellow River • Achievements Adaptive Measures--” 1493” Scheme Keeping Health life of the Yellow River No dike No Cease No No river breach of Flow excessive bed rising pollution 1 2 9 Management Measures and Approaches 9 Real Digital Physical Yellow Yellow Scaled Y- River River River Adopting a Holistic Approach consisting of institutional, legal, collaborative arrangement, investments in infrastructure and engineering, supporting and scientific technologies, and economic interventions. Flood Management •1400 km Embankments •Multi-purpose projects/ detention basin •non-structural measures(Numerical Modeling) 万家寨水库 QikouQikou GuxianGuxian DetentionDetention BasinBasin DetentionDetention basinbasin Xiaolangdi Xiaolangdi Sanmenxia EmbankmentsEmbankments Sanmenxia HuayuankouHuayuankou Guxian 22000m3/s Guxian LuhunLuhun Soil Erosion Control & Ecosystem Restoration •Project area 180,000 km2 •Key dams 1370 •Forestation, Agro-measures •Erosion Monitoring Wuqi County 重 点 治 理 区 Sediment Management –Artificial flood since 2002 • Flushing River Sediments • Reservoirs Maintenance/protection from Siltation • Flood Plain and Wetlands Restoration •Improve River Morphology and Reduce Flood Risk Density flow Integrated Water Allocation & Environmental Flow in Basin Scale 10 years for: River flow Ecological restoration Sediments transportation Water quality Equality of water use Sanshenggong Wanjiazhai Daliushu Qingtongxia Longyangxia Liujiaxia Guxian Xiaolangdi Sanmenxia Integrated Water Allocation & Environmental Flow Legal Measures •Yellow River Water Allocation Regulation •Yellow River Water Allocation Management Rules •Regulation of Yellow River Water Allocation Yellow River Basin Drought Alleviation Scheme Public Consultation & Stakeholder Involvement Technical Measures • Water Allocation Scheme • Remote Control and Real Time Control • Monitoring & Warning • Modeling systems for prediction Economic Measures • Water Pricing & Water Market • Water Right Transfer Water Resources Protection • Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution issued and enforced • Remotely monitoring effluent outlets • Monitoring sites for provincial-boundary water quality • Mobile Labs Presentation Outline • Introduction • Water and Environment Challenges • Adaptive measures for the Yellow River • Achievements Achievements Flood Security Improve River Morphology and Reduce Flood Risk Secure the people living in the floodplain along the banks Secure safety from floods Achievements • Ecosystem protection in the headstream Achievements (Con.) 300 million tons sediment reduced by watershed rehabilitation in the middle Loess Plateau Loess PLateau Yellow River Delta • Biodiversity increased ¾ Rare fishes reappeared, saury, bronze grudge etc. ¾ New habitats for birds from 187 species in1992 to 300 species in 2010 ¾ More Rare wild animals , 459 kinds found in the reserve, nearly doubled ¾ Wetlands vegetation increased kingfisher Gull Eastern Egret 鸟类迁徙路线 Migration routes in Yellow River Delta Eurasia Achievements (Con.) Social-Economic Sustainability • Equality of water use • Water saving ¾ Water use efficiency In 1997, water used was 560 m3 for 10thousand RMB GDP, in 2003, 309 m3, up 45% ¾ Water used fall down Inner Mongolia, 6.491billion m3, down to 5.952 billion m3 Shan Dong, 8.745 billion m3, down to 6.625 billion m3 • Economic boost ¾ Basin GDP Increase average 30.9 billion RMB/year Acknowledged by the International Community • YRCC Won 2010 Lee Kuan Yew Water Prize • UNESCO—Yellow River Case published in WWDR3&4 • Asian-Pacific Knowledge Hub — Center of Hydroinformatics for Integrated River Basin Management (CHIRB) www.riverforum.cn Zhengzhou Convention Center Thanks for Attention Keeping Healthy Life of the Rivers.