DOCSLIB.ORG

Existing Default Values and Recommendations for Exposure Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Existing Default Values and Recommendations for Exposure Assessment TemaNord 20 TemaNord 12:505 Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org Existing Default Values and Recommendations for Exposure Assessment Existing Default Values and Recommendations for A Nordic Exposure Group Project 2011 Exposure Assessment Default values are often used in exposure assessments e.g. in model- ling because of lack of actually measured data. The quality of the exposure assessment outcome is therefore heavily dependent on the validity and representativeness this input data. Today the used default factors consist of a wide range of more or less well-documented values originating from many different sources. The purpose of this report is to give an overview and to evaluate expo- sure factors that are currently used by the authorities and industry in the exposure assessments for both adults (occupational and consumer exposure) and children in relation to REACH. Another important purpose of the report is to contribute towards a further harmonisation of expo- sure factors by giving recommendations of most valid and representative defaults. These recommendations can be used besides REACH also in biocide’s and plant protection product’s exposure assessments. The exposure default values were collected from the relevant European sources (ECHA, Consexpo, EUSES, Biocide TNsG, ECETOC, ExpoFacts) as well as from WHO and US-EPA. The following key default factors selec- ted to the evaluation: body weight, body surface area, inhalation rate, soil and dust ingestion, drinking water, food intake, non-dietary inges- tion factors, lifetime expectancy, activity factors and consumer products TemaNord 2012:505 ISBN 978-92-893-2316-1 TN2012505 omslag.indd 1 20-04-2012 12:57:50 Existing Default Values and Recommendations for Exposure Assessment A Nordic Exposure Group Project 2011 TemaNord 2012:505 Existing Default Values and Recommendations for Exposure Assessment A Nordic Exposure Group Project 2011 TemaNord 2012:505 ISBN 978-92-893-2316-1 http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2012-505 © Nordic Council of Ministers Print: Kailow Express ApS This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. However, the contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the views, policies or rec- ommendations of the Nordic Council of Ministers. www.norden.org/en/publications Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involv- ing Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an im- portant role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Nordic Council of Ministers Ved Stranden 18 1061 København K Telefon (+45) 3396 0200 www.norden.org Content Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Glossary ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ 11 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 16 1.2 The United States ............................................................................................................ 22 1.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 24 2. Body Weight .................................................................................................................................. 25 2.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 25 2.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 28 2.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 29 2.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 29 3. Body Surface Areas ..................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 31 3.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 33 3.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 36 3.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 36 4. Inhalation rates ............................................................................................................................ 37 4.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 37 4.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 40 4.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 44 4.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 44 5. Drinking Water ............................................................................................................................. 47 5.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 47 5.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 48 5.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 50 5.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 51 6. Food Intake .................................................................................................................................... 53 6.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 53 6.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 56 6.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 61 6.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 62 7. Soil and Dust Ingestion and Inhalation ................................................................................ 65 7.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 66 7.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 67 7.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 68 7.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 68 8. Non-Dietary Ingestion Factors ................................................................................................ 71 8.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 71 8.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 71 8.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 73 8.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................... 73 9. Lifetime Expectancy .................................................................................................................... 75 9.1 Europe ................................................................................................................................ 75 9.2 US-EPA ................................................................................................................................ 75 9.3 WHO .................................................................................................................................... 76 9.4 Conclusion and Recommendations .........................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rastislav Kulich Resume Dec 2010
    RASTO KULICH, V Tunich 3, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic, [email protected]; cell: +420 724 684 127 experience 2006- MCKINSEY & COMPANY PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC (CR) present Senior engagement manager (Associate till Nov ‘08) Consistent top 20% performance rating Primary focus on strategic due diligences in consumer goods for private equity and strategic investors - 11 projects • Pet-food target in Netherlands, Germany and CEE, spirits in Turkey, food target in Ireland, FMCG target in Tanzania and Kenya, certification/testing target in France, frozen-food distribution in Poland and Czech, beverage target in Germany and Russia, online portal in Czech, due diligence guide for beverage client in UK, Internal Due Diligence Guide in Consumer Goods for McKinsey Europe Secondary focus sales & marketing – 10 projects including major pricing, commercial-excellence, lean and route-to- market projects in consumer-goods in Switzerland, South Africa, Czech, Poland, Russia • Created value estimated at $20 million via new route-to-market strategy for leading beverage client in Poland • Co-delivered profit increase of $25 million on European-wide pricing project for leading beverage client • Increased sales force productivity by 40% via commercial excellence project for pharmaceutical client in CR • Reduced number of calls in call center by 35% via addressing root cause in a lean project for energy company in CR 2006 - 2007 ERGONI.COM BOSTON, USA/MUMBAI, INDIA Co-founder • Co-founded internet startup built on mass-customization concept for luxury shirts
    [Show full text]
  • HIGH-PERFORMANCE BLENDER EXPLORIAN SERIES VM0201 S Y M B O L S
    E310 HIGH-PERFORMANCE BLENDER EXPLORIAN SERIES VM0201 S YMBOL S Warning and Caution NEVER touch moving parts. Keep hands and utensils out of the container. Electric Shock Hazard High temperature when blending hot liquids Unplug while not in use, before cleaning, changing accessories or touching parts that move while the blender is in use Operate with the lid and lid plug in place Read and understand owner’s manual DO NOT immerse Parts will become hot with extended use. DO NOT touch the drive socket in the blender base or the drive spline in the blade base DO NOT use your 20 ounce (0.6 L) cup to heat ingredients or to blend hot liquids DO NOT use the cups (including the blade base or lids) in the microwave I O On/Off ©2018 Vita-Mix Corporation. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, or pulse stored in a database or retrieval system, without the written permission of Vita-Mix Corporation. S PECIFICATION S Voltage: 220-240 V Height (with 48 oz. container on base): 18 inches Begin Your Adventure Frequency: 50-60 Hz Width: 8 inches vitamix.com Watts: 1000-1200 W Depth: 11 inches I M P O R TA N T I N STRUCTION S FOR S AFE U S E WARNING: to avoid the risk of serious injury when using your Vitamix® blender, basic safety precau- tions should be followed, including the following. READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS, SAFEGUARDS AND WARNINGS BEFORE OPERATING BLENDER. 1. Read all instructions.
    [Show full text]
  • Holiday Turkey
    Holiday Turkey You can buy different types of turkeys to cook. Read the label on the turkey carefully. Fresh Turkey Frozen Stuffed Frozen Turkey without Stuffing Look for a best-before date on the Turkey Take the turkey out of the freezer package. You must cook the turkey You can also buy a and thaw in the refrigerator. before this date. frozen turkey that Leave the turkey in its original wrapping. What if there is no date on the has stuffing inside. Put it in a large pan. Put it in the coldest package? You can keep the turkey You do not thaw part of the refrigerator. in the refrigerator for 1 - 2 days this turkey - cook it It will take about 10 hours per kilogram before you cook it. from frozen! Follow (about 5 hours per pound) to thaw. For It takes longer to cook a fresh the directions on example, it could take 2 days for a small turkey. Add 5 minutes per kilogram the label. turkey and 4 days for a large turkey. (3 minutes per pound) to the times You must cook a thawed turkey in the cooking chart. within 24 hours. 1 Prepare the turkey 2 Cook turkey at 425°F for Preheat the oven to 425°F. the first 30 minutes Take the plastic off the turkey. Then turn the oven down to 325°F. Continue roasting for: Take out the neck and bag of giblets. Don’t leave them inside the turkey. 4.5 kg (10 lb) 2 1/4 – 2 1/2 hours You can cook the neck alongside the turkey or you 7 kg (15 lb) 2 1/2 – 3 hours can use the neck, heart and gizzard to make stock 9 kg (20 lb) 3 1/2 – 4 hours or gravy.
    [Show full text]
  • Venturist™ Series S Y M B O L S
    Venturist™ Series S YMBOL S V1200I AND V1500I HIGH-PERFORMANCE BLENDERS Warning and Caution VM0195E NEVER touch moving parts. Keep hands and utensils out of Your Adventure Awaits the container Electric Shock Hazard High temperature when blending hot liquids Unplug while not in use, before cleaning, changing accessories or touching parts that move while the blender is in use Operate with the lid and lid plug in place Read and understand owner’s manual DO NOT immerse Parts will become hot with extended use. DO NOT touch the drive socket in the blender base or the drive spline in the blade base DO NOT use your 20 oz. (0.6 L) cup or 8 oz. (240 ml) bowl to heat ingredients or to blend hot liquids. Standby (Model V1500i) I/O On/Off I Start/Stop Pulse S PECIFICATION S Model V1500i Program Symbols (correspond to Vitamix Recipes) - Voltage: 220/240 V Height (with 64 oz. (2 L) container on blender Note: V1200i does not include programs base): 17 inches Smoothies Frequency: 50 - 60 Hz Width: 8 inches Watts 1200-1400 W Depth: 11 inches Frozen Desserts • This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that Soups may cause undesired operation. • This device complies with Industry Canada licence-exempt RSS standard(s). Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not Self-Cleaning cause interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference, including interference that may cause undesired operation of the device.
    [Show full text]
  • Farabi Kazakh National University MECHANICS and MATHEMATICS FACULTY MAGISTRASY
    The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan Al - Farabi kazakh national university MECHANICS AND MATHEMATICS FACULTY MAGISTRASY Department of mathematical and computer modeling MASTER'S DISSERTATION Methods of producing the synthetic detergents by mathematical modeling Creator ____________ Arpan G. «___» _________________2018 / signature / Norm controller ____________ Karibaeva M.«___» _______________ 2018 / signature / Supervisor ___________________ Issakhov A. «___»_______________2018 PhD, professor / signature / Approved for protection: Head of department ____________ Issakhov A. «___»_______________2018 PhD / signature / ALMATY 2018 ТҮЙІНДЕМЕ Диссертациялық жұмыс 64 бет, 38 сурет, 18 әдебиеттер тізімінен тұрады. Кілттік сөздер: синтетикалық жуғыш заттар, натрий гексафосфат, ысыту, Навье-Стокс теңдеуі, уақыт. Жұмыстың мақсаты - синтетикалық жуғыш заттарды алу кезіндегі натрий гексафосфатты ысыту жүйелерін модельдеу. Тақырып өзектілігі - Тұрмыста пайдаланылатын химиялық заттар – қазіргі уақытта дамыған өндірістің өніміне айналып отыр. Үйдегі тазалық жұмыстарында оларды пайдаланбау мүмкін емес. Ең алғашқы синтетикалық жуғыш құрал 1916 жылы пайда болған. Неміс химигі Фринц Понтердің тапқан өнертабысы тек өнеркәсіптік қолдануға арналған болатын. Тұрмыстық СЖЗ 1935 жылдан бастап шығарыла бастады, сол кезден бастап олардың қол терісіне зияндылығы азайды. Өндірістік орындар үшін аз уақыт ішінде, аз энергияны пайдалану арқылы синтетикалық жуғыш заттарды алу өте тиымды. Зерттеу жұмысының нысаны- синтетикалық жуғыш заттар
    [Show full text]
  • Emergency Plan of Action (Epoa) Armenia: Landslides
    Emergency Plan of Action (EPoA) Armenia : Landslides DREF Operation n° MDRAM003 Glide n° MS-2016-000070-ARM Date of issue: 8 July 2016 Date of disaster: 24 June 2016 Operation Manager (responsible for this EPoA): Point of Contact (name and title): Rubén ROMERO, Edmon AZ ARYAN Disaster Management Coordinator, IFRC Regional Head of Disaster Management and Population Office for Europe Movement Department Phone: +36 1 888 45 05 Phone: + (374) 6062505 8 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Operation start date: 11 June 2016 Expected timeframe: 2 months (8 July – 8 September 2016) Overall operation budget: CHF 55,046 Number of people affected: Number of people to be assisted: 750 people (162 households) 600 people in 132 households Host National Society Presence: The Armenian Red Cross ( ARCS) has regional branches affected Gegharquniq and Shirak regions which will be key role players in the field operation. Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: The local and regional authorities of targeted areas will be actively involved in the operation. A. Situation analysis Description of the disaster On 24 June 2016, as a result of heavy hailstorm and rains, an unprecedented mudflow seriously damaged Karchaghbyur village of Gegharqunik region and Artik city of Shirak region with homes, public buildings, streets and bridges as well as agricultural lands seriously affected. Following the disaster, electric power cuts made response activities even more difficult on the local level. Karchakhbyur village is located 30 km away from the border with Azerbaijan in a remote and isolated area of Gegharqunik region, which is one of the poorest regions in Armenia.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Shortlist
    Title Advertiser/Client Product/Service Entrant Company Country A01 Fast Moving Consumer Goods PASS A SMILE LAY'S LAY'S POTATO CHIPS BBDO PAKISTAN, Lahore PAKISTAN ONE-DROP BOTTLE PRIL DISHWASHING LIQUID TBWA\RAAD, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A02 Durable Consumer Goods, including Cars HUMAN CROSSING VOLKSWAGEN MIDDLE EAST ROAD SAFETY MEMAC OGILVY & MATHER, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A03 Travel, Leisure, Retail, Restaurants & Fast Food Chains TRUMP ROYAL JORDANIAN SPECIAL PROMOTION MEMAC OGILVY ADVIZE, Amman JORDAN A04 Media & Publications FLAWLESSNESS ENTI.MA FASHION AND LIFESTYLE ONLINE MAGAZINE J. WALTER THOMPSON, Casablanca MOROCCO A05 Financial & Business Products & Services, Commercial Public Services UNVEIL SAUDI SAUDI TELECOM COMPANY NETWORK AND COVERAGE J. WALTER THOMPSON RIYADH SAUDI ARABIA A06 Charities, Public Health & Safety, Public Awareness Messages GAY TURTLE AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TBWA\ISTANBUL TURKEY THE SEA CEMETERY SUPPORT TO LIFE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TBWA\ISTANBUL TURKEY BALD FOR YOU MURR TELEVISION BREAST CANCER AWARENESS MONTH FP7/BEY, Beirut LEBANON A PRICELESS DELIVERY MASTERCARD PRICELESS CAUSES FP7/DXB, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES TAA MARBOUTA - THE SECRET OF YOUR STRENGTH NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR WOMEN AWARENESS MESSAGE DDB EGYPT, Cairo EGYPT ENSA JOURA MTV PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN TBWA\RAAD, Beirut LEBANON B01 Corporate Communication & Reputation Management UNVEIL SAUDI SAUDI TELECOM COMPANY NETWORK AND COVERAGE J. WALTER THOMPSON RIYADH SAUDI ARABIA #SHOPLESS SADIA SADIA FROZEN FOOD IMPACT
    [Show full text]
  • A Feasibility Study
    Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology (2019) 29:83–94 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41370-018-0040-2 ARTICLE Consumer behaviour survey for assessing exposure from consumer products: a feasibility study 1 2 1 2 1 2 Klaus Schneider ● Selina Recke ● Eva Kaiser ● Sebastian Götte ● Henrike Berkefeld ● Juliane Lässig ● 3 3 1 Thomas Rüdiger ● Oliver Lindtner ● Jan Oltmanns Received: 4 October 2017 / Revised: 26 January 2018 / Accepted: 23 March 2018 / Published online: 23 May 2018 © The Author(s) 2018. This article is published with open access Abstract Evaluating chemical exposures from consumer products is an essential part of chemical safety assessments under REACH and may also be important to demonstrate compliance with consumer product legislation. Modelling of consumer exposure needs input information on the substance (e.g. vapour pressure), the product(s) containing the substance (e.g. concentration) and on consumer behaviour (e.g. use frequency and amount of product used). This feasibility study in Germany investigated methods for conducting a consumer survey in order to identify and retrieve information on frequency, duration, use amounts and use conditions for six example product types (four mixtures, two articles): hand dishwashing liquid, cockpit spray, fi 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: llers, paints and lacquers, shoes made of rubber or plastic, and ball-pens/pencils. Retrospective questionnaire methods (Consumer Product Questionnaire (CPQ), and Recall-Foresight Questionnaire (RFQ)) as well as protocol methods (written reporting by participants and video documentation) were used. A combination of retrospective questionnaire and written protocol methods was identified to provide valid information in a resource-efficient way. Relevant information, which can readily be used in exposure modelling, was obtained for all parameters and product types investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Linear Alpha-Olefins (681.5030)
    IHS Chemical Chemical Economics Handbook Linear alpha-Olefins (681.5030) by Elvira O. Camara Greiner with Yoshio Inoguchi Sample Report from 2010 November 2010 ihs.com/chemical November 2010 LINEAR ALPHA-OLEFINS Olefins 681.5030 B Page 2 The information provided in this publication has been obtained from a variety of sources which SRI Consulting believes to be reliable. SRI Consulting makes no warranties as to the accuracy completeness or correctness of the information in this publication. Consequently SRI Consulting will not be liable for any technical inaccuracies typographical errors or omissions contained in this publication. This publication is provided without warranties of any kind either express or implied including but not limited to implied warranties of merchantability fitness for a particular purpose or non-infringement. IN NO EVENT WILL SRI CONSULTING BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT DAMAGES (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION OR THE LIKE) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS PUBLICATION EVEN IF IT WAS NOTIFIED ABOUT THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU. IN SUCH STATES SRI CONSULTING’S LIABILITY IS LIMITED TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY SUCH LAW. Certain statements in this publication are projections or other forward-looking statements. Any such statements contained herein are based upon SRI Consulting’s current knowledge and assumptions about future events including without limitation anticipated levels of global demand and supply expected costs trade patterns and general economic political and marketing conditions.
    [Show full text]
  • Perspectives on Retail and Consumer Goods
    Perspectives on retail and consumer goods Number 4, Autumn 2015 Perspectives on retail and Editor McKinsey Practice consumer goods is written by Monica Toriello Publications experts and practitioners in McKinsey & Company’s Retail Contributing Editor Editor-in-Chief and Consumer Packaged Caitlin Gallagher Lucia Rahilly Goods practices, along with other McKinsey colleagues. Art Direction and Design Executive Editors Hil Albuquerque, Nicole Michael T. Borruso, Allan Gold, To send comments or request Esquerre Bill Javetski, Mark Staples copies, e-mail us: Consumer_ [email protected] Editorial Production Copyright © 2015 McKinsey & Runa Arora, Elizabeth Company. All rights reserved. Editorial Board Brown, Heather Byer, Klaus Behrenbeck, Peter Torea Frey, Heather Gross, This publication is not intended Breuer, Peter Child, Sandrine Katya Petriwsky, John C. to be used as the basis for Devillard, Dennis Martinis, Sanchez, Dana Sand, trading in the shares of any Jørgen Rugholm, Frank Sneha Vats company or for undertaking Sänger, Tobias Wachinger, any other complex or significant Anja Weissgerber Managing Editors financial transaction without Michael T. Borruso, Venetia consulting appropriate Senior Content Manager Simcock professional advisers. Tobias Wachinger Cover Illustration No part of this publication may Project and Content Keiko Morimoto be copied or redistributed Manager in any form without the prior Anja Weissgerber written consent of McKinsey & Company. Table of contents 4 12 16 28 Modern grocery and Amazon China’s president Winning in Africa’s Becoming a regional the emerging-market on ‘transformative’ consumer market powerhouse in food consumer: A complicated technologies For consumer-goods retailing courtship Doug Gurr reflects on how companies, Africa holds Croatian conglomerate In some emerging markets, China differs from Western much promise—but also Agrokor is the top grocery the response to modern markets and what role data many pitfalls.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Shortlist
    Title Advertiser/Client Product/Service Entrant Company Country A01 Fast Moving Consumer Goods ONE-DROP BOTTLE PRIL DISHWASHING LIQUID TBWA\RAAD, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES YOUR JERSEY. YOUR FLAG. COCA-COLA COKE RED FP7/CAI, Cairo EGYPT STOP THE HUNGER MARS SNICKERS IMPACT BBDO, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A02 Durable Consumer Goods, including Cars HADIA TIME LENOVO MIDDLE EAST LENOVO MEMAC OGILVY & MATHER, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A03 Travel, Leisure, Retail, Restaurants & Fast Food Chains TRUMP ROYAL JORDANIAN SPECIAL PROMOTION MEMAC OGILVY ADVIZE, Amman JORDAN SKIP FRIDAY 13 LA LIBANAISE DES JEUX LOTTERY IMPACT BBDO, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A05 Financial & Business Products & Services, Commercial Public Services THE HAMMAM FIGHTER ORANGE 4G SERVICES FP7/TUN, Tunis TUNISIA THE AC VESTS EMIRATES NBD BUSINESS BANKING FP7/DXB, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES A06 Charities, Public Health & Safety, Public Awareness Messages THE SOUND OF VIOLENCE / X-RAY RECORDS HURRIYET AILE ICI SIDDETE SON TBWA\ISTANBUL TURKEY LEGALLY BRIDE KAFA (ENOUGH) VIOLENCE & EXPLOITATION WOMAN’S RIGHTS NGO LEO BURNETT BEIRUT LEBANON FOOTNOTE FOR THE BREAST MEDCARE WOMEN & CHILDREN HOSPITAL HEALTHCARE THE CLASSIC PARTNERSHIP ADVERTISING, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES #BEATME UN WOMEN PAKISTAN WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT BBDO PAKISTAN, Lahore PAKISTAN B01 Guerrilla Marketing & Stunts BALD FOR YOU MURR TELEVISION BREAST CANCER AWARENESS MONTH FP7/BEY, Beirut LEBANON B02 Live Shows, Festivals & Exhibitions SWITCHED ON PEPSICO 7UP IMPACT BBDO, Dubai UNITED ARAB EMIRATES B03 Use of
    [Show full text]
  • Dishwashing Liquid
    SHEPROS® Safety, Heath & Environment Product Solutions Avoid Contact Dermatitis Through Biodegradable Plant Based Ingredients DISHWASHING LIQUID What is Dishwashing Detergent? Dishwashing detergents are an inevitable part of our kitchen hygiene. It is unavoidable whether the dishes are washed in a dishwasher or manually. We use detergents to clean our dishes, but are they really doing their job? Have we ever thought about the ingredients of these detergents? Are there any side effects by using them? Now, with increased awareness about the health hazards presented by house-hold articles, doubts are being raised about its toxicity. When dishes are washed with detergents, some of them leave a residue on the surface of the dishes, which is consumed when it is used next time. Some of these detergents have strong disinfectants, which are harmful to the skin. Some others emit gases that cause allergies and respiratory problems. The detergents we use to clean our dishes flow down the drain after its purported use. They undergo chemical treatment in sewage treatment plants, before being released into waterways. During this treatment, most of the toxic chemicals are neutralized and made harmless. But some of them still remain, causing environmental pollution. To analyze the effects of detergents, we need to know more about the common ingredients of commercial dishwasher detergents in the market. Typical non-environment friendly conventional dishwashing detergent formulations generally contain several items in the list below. • Phosphates It dissolves calcium and magnesium ions to prevent 'hard-water' type lime scale deposits. They can cause ecological damage, so their use is starting to be phased out.
    [Show full text]