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Farabi Kazakh National University MECHANICS and MATHEMATICS FACULTY MAGISTRASY

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Farabi Kazakh National University MECHANICS and MATHEMATICS FACULTY MAGISTRASY The Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan Al - Farabi kazakh national university MECHANICS AND MATHEMATICS FACULTY MAGISTRASY Department of mathematical and computer modeling MASTER'S DISSERTATION Methods of producing the synthetic detergents by mathematical modeling Creator ____________ Arpan G. «___» _________________2018 / signature / Norm controller ____________ Karibaeva M.«___» _______________ 2018 / signature / Supervisor ___________________ Issakhov A. «___»_______________2018 PhD, professor / signature / Approved for protection: Head of department ____________ Issakhov A. «___»_______________2018 PhD / signature / ALMATY 2018 ТҮЙІНДЕМЕ Диссертациялық жұмыс 64 бет, 38 сурет, 18 әдебиеттер тізімінен тұрады. Кілттік сөздер: синтетикалық жуғыш заттар, натрий гексафосфат, ысыту, Навье-Стокс теңдеуі, уақыт. Жұмыстың мақсаты - синтетикалық жуғыш заттарды алу кезіндегі натрий гексафосфатты ысыту жүйелерін модельдеу. Тақырып өзектілігі - Тұрмыста пайдаланылатын химиялық заттар – қазіргі уақытта дамыған өндірістің өніміне айналып отыр. Үйдегі тазалық жұмыстарында оларды пайдаланбау мүмкін емес. Ең алғашқы синтетикалық жуғыш құрал 1916 жылы пайда болған. Неміс химигі Фринц Понтердің тапқан өнертабысы тек өнеркәсіптік қолдануға арналған болатын. Тұрмыстық СЖЗ 1935 жылдан бастап шығарыла бастады, сол кезден бастап олардың қол терісіне зияндылығы азайды. Өндірістік орындар үшін аз уақыт ішінде, аз энергияны пайдалану арқылы синтетикалық жуғыш заттарды алу өте тиымды. Зерттеу жұмысының нысаны- синтетикалық жуғыш заттар алу кезінде, натрий гексафосфатты қыздыру процесін зерттеу болып саналады. Зерттеу әдісі заманауи аппараттық-есептеу құралдарын және ғылыми- зерттеу нәтижелерін, “ANSYS FLUENT” програмасы пайдалана отырып, математикалық және компьютерлік модельдеу. Диссертациялық жұмыс синтетикалық жуғыш заттардың құрамын зерттеп, соның ішіндегі натрий гексафосфатты 70°С дейін қыздыруға, соны математикалық модельдеуге арналған. Зерттелген математикалық модельдер негізінде қыздырылған натрий гексафосфатты процесін бейнелеуге болады. Эксперименттік және есептік деректер арасындағы салыстырмалы талдау жүргізілді. Зерттеу нәтижелері графикалық түрде бейнеленген. Практикалық маңыздылығы - Синтетикалық жуғыш заттар (СЖЗ) - негізінен құрамында 10-дан 40% көрсеткіш-белсенді заттар бар жоғарғы тиімді тазалағыш заттар, сондай-ақ өнімнің ішінде тазалауын арттыратын әртүрлі қоспалар бар. Синтетикалық жуғыш заттар - адамның күнделікті тұтынуына пайдалынылады. Нарықтық экономика жағдайында оларға қойылатын талаптар мен сұраныстар күнсайын өсуде. Сондықтан өндірістік орындар үшін аз уақыт ішінде, аз энергияны шығынын шығару арқылы синтетикалық жуғыш заттарды алу өте тиымды. 3 АННОТАЦИЯ Настоящая диссертация содержит 64 страниц, 38 рисунков, список литературы состоящих из 18 наименований. Ключевые слова: синтетические детергенты, гексафосфат натрия, нагрев, математическая модель, уравнение Навье-Стокса, визуализация, время. Целью работы является- имитировать системы нагрева гексафосфата натрия при производстве синтетических моющих средств. Актуальность темы- химические вещества, используемые в жизни, теперь продукты передового производства. Их невозможно не использовать при уборке дома. Первое синтетическое моющее средство появилось в 1916 году. Это изобретение немецкого химика Понтия Понтера предназначалось только для промышленного использования, а хозяйственные СМС (синтетические моющие средства) было выпущено с 1935 года, и с тех пор вредность их для человеческих рук уменьшилась. Очень эффективно получать синтетические моющие средства с использованием низкой электро энергии в течение короткого периода времени. Целью диссертации является- изучение процесса нагрева гексафосфата натрия во время производства синтетических моющих средств. Методология исследования представляет собой сочетание современного аппаратного и программного обеспечения, математического и компьютерного моделирования с использованием программного обеспечения ANSYS FLUENT. Диссертация посвящена изучению состава синтетических детергентов, в том числе гексафосфата натрия при нагреве до 70°C. А так же с использованием математического моделирования. На основе изученных математических моделей можно визуализировать нагретый гексафторид натрия. Проведен сравнительный анализ экспериментальных данных. Результаты исследования графически проиллюстрированы. Практическое значение исследования является - синтетические моющие средства (СМС) - в основном содержащие высокоэффективные чистящие средства с активностью 10-40% активного ингредиента и различные добавки, которые улучшают очистку внутри продукта. Синтетические моющие средства используются для ежедневного потребления. В условиях рыночной экономики спрос растут с каждым днем. Поэтому очень сложно получить синтетические моющие средства в производственной зоне на короткое время с выделением меньше электро энергии. 4 SUMMARY This thesis contains 64 pages, 38 figures, a list of literature consisting of 18 titles. Keywords: synthetic detergent, sodium hexaphosphate, heating, mathematical model, Navier-Stokes equation, visualization, time. The purpose of the work - is to simulate heating systems of sodium hexaphosphate in the production of synthetic detergents. The relevance of the topic, the chemicals used in life, are now products of advanced production. It is impossible not to use them when cleaning the house. The first synthetic detergent appeared in 1916. This invention of the German chemist Pontius Ponter was intended only for industrial use, and household SD (synthetic detergents) was produced since 1935, and since then their harmfulness for human hands has diminished. It is very effective to obtain synthetic detergents using low electric energy for a short period of time. The aim of the dissertation is - to study the process of heating sodium hexaphosphate during the production of synthetic detergents. The research methodology is - a combination of modern hardware and software, mathematical and computer modelling using the software ANSYS FLUENT software. The thesis is devoted to study of the composition of synthetic detergents, including hexaphosphate sodium when heated to 70°C and with use of mathematical modeling. Based on the study of mathematical models it is possible to visualize the heated sodium hexafluoride. Moreover, the comparative analysis of experimental data is carried out. Additionally, the results of the study are graphically illustrated. The practical significance of the study is - synthetic detergents (SD) - mainly containing high-performance cleaners with an activity of 10-40% of the active ingredient and various additives that improve cleaning inside the product. Synthetic detergents are used for daily consumption. In a market economy, the demand grow with each passing day. Therefore, it is very difficult to obtain synthetic detergents in the production area for a short time with the release of less electricity. 5 CONTENT INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 8 Chapter I. SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS………………..………………..……...12 1.1. Development of the production of synthetic detergents. ..12 1.2. Classification of synthetic detergents ……………….......................................18 1.3. Typical formulations of synthetic detergents………………............................14 1.4. Summary of First chapter. .. .15 Chapter II. THE TEMPERATURE FIELD OF INJECTION MOLD NUMERICAL SIMULATION THEORY. .16 2.1. Components of synthetic detergents. .16 2.1.1. Complexing agents…….................................................................................16 2.1.2. Receiving and storage of raw materials…......................................................18 2.1.3. The technology of obtaining detergent pastes and liquid detergents. .18 2.2. Manufacture of liquid detergents……...............................................................20 2.3. About sodium hexaphosphate…........................................................................25 2.4. An information about Glass-lined equipment ................................................ 26 2.5. Summary of second chapter. .31 Chapter III. THE TEMPERATURE FIELD OF INJECTION MOLD NUMERICAL SIMULATION THEORY. .32 3.1. Overview. .32 3.2. Injection mold temperature field on the molding process. .32 3.3. Heat transfer theory basis. .33 3.4. Injection mold temperature field mathematical model. .35 3.4.1. Basic assumptions. .36 3.4.2. Differential thermal equation. .36 3.4.3. Defined conditions. .37 3.4.3.1 Initial conditions. .38 3.4.3.2 Boundary conditions. .39 3.5. Sodium hexametaphosphate heating device temperature field finite element method to solve. .40 3.5.1. Spatial domain dispersion. .41 3.5.2. Discretization of the time domain. .43 3.6. Summary of third chapter. .. .44 Chapter IV. OF THE SODIUM HEXAMETAPHOSPHATE HEATING PROCESS TEMPERATURE FIELD AND THERMAL STRESS FIELD…………….. 45 4.1. Overview. .45 4.2. Results in 100s. .46 4.3. Results in 150s. ..50 4.4. Results in 200s. ..53 4.5. Results in 250s. 56 4.6. Summary of fourth chapter. ………………………………………………… 59 CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................... 63 BIBLIOGRAPH ...................................................................................................... 64 6 NORMATIVE REFERENCES Master's dissertation prepared in accordance with the following documents of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University:
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