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Status and Conservation of the Eurasian Lynx (Lynx Lynx) in Europe in 2001

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Status and Conservation of the Eurasian Lynx (Lynx Lynx) in Europe in 2001 KORA Bericht Nr. 19 e Juni 2004 ISSN 1422-5123 Status and conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001 Koordinierte Forschungsprojekte zur Erhaltung und zum Management der Raubtiere in der Schweiz. Coordinated research projects for the conservation and management of carnivores in Switzerland. KORA Projets de recherches coordonnés pour la conservation et la gestion des carnivores en Suisse. KORA, Thunstrasse 31, CH-3074 Muri. Tel +41-31-951 70 40, Fax +41-31-951 90 40, Email: [email protected], http://www.kora.unibe.ch Lynx Survey Europe 2001 2 KORA Bericht Nr. 19 englisch: Status and conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001 Bearbeitung Manuela von Arx, Christine Breitenmoser- Adaptation Würsten, Fridolin Zimmermann and Editorship Urs Breitenmoser Bezugsquelle KORA, Thunstrasse 31, CH-3074 Muri Source T +41 31 951 70 40 / F +41 31 951 90 40 Source [email protected] Titelzeichnung Jacques Rime Frontispiece Cover drawing Online Version ELOIS (Eurasian Lynx Online Information System for Europe): http://www.kora.unibe.ch/en/proj/elois/online/index.html The report is also available on CD-Rom at KORA (details see above). Anzahl Seiten/Pages: 330 ISSN 1422-5123 © KORA Juni 2004 Lynx Survey Europe 2001 3 Status and conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001 Edited by: Manuela von Arx, Christine Breitenmoser-Würsten, Fridolin Zimmermann, Urs Breitenmoser With the contribution of (in alphabetic order): Zanete Andersone, Henrik Andrén, Dragan Angelovski, Linas Balciauskas, Andriy-Taras Bashta, Ferdinand Bego, Urs Breitenmoser, Christine Breitenmoser-Würsten, Henrik Brøseth, Ludek Bufka, Marco Catello, Jaroslav Cerveny, Igor Dyky, Thomas Engleder, Michael Fasel, Martin Forstner, Christian Fuxjäger, Peter Genov, Constantinos Godes, Tomislav Gomercic, Eva Gregorova, Gennady Grishanov, Pavel Hell, Ulf Hohmann, Miso Hristovski, Djuro Huber, Thomas Huber, Ditmar Huckschlag, Ovidiu Ionescu, Thomas A.M. Kaphegyi, Ursula Kaphegyi, Ilpo Kojola, Josip Kusak, Jens Laass, Olof Liberg, John Linnell, Ivica Lucic, Eric Marboutin, Marta Markus, Pierre Migot, Miroljub Milenkovic, Paolo Molinari, Nationalparkverwaltung Harz (Ole Anders & Meike Hullen), Henryk Okarma, Agnieszka Olszanska, Janis Ozolins, Maria Panayotopoulou, Milan Paunovic, Peter Pilinsky, Holm Riebe, Vadim Sidorovich, Vlado Soldo, Philippe Stahl, Cvetko Stanisa, Laszlo Szemethy, Yuriy Tkachuk, Ivan Valach, Harri Valdmann, Jean-Michel Vandel, Manfred Wölfl, Sergiy Zhyla, Diana Zlatanova, Haki Zoto to whom we thank very much for their collaboration This report is also available online as ELOIS (Eurasian Lynx Online Information System for Europe: http://www.kora.unibe.ch/en/proj/elois/online.index.html or on CD-Rom This status report inclusive ELOIS was possible thanks to financial assistance from WWF Switzerland We suggest to cite the country reports as chapters like: Bego, F. & Zoto, H. 2004: Albania. In: Status and conservation of the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in Europe in 2001. Ed. by M. von Arx, Ch. Breitenmoser-Würsten, F. Zimmermann and U. Breitenmoser, KORA Bericht No. 19. Lynx Survey Europe 2001 – Table of contents 4 Table of contents 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................6 2. Species Information ..........................................................................................................8 2.1. Description and morphology.............................................................................................8 2.2. Phylogenetic history and subspecies...........................................................................9 2.3. Eurasian lynx in captivity in Europe...........................................................................11 2.4. Biology and life history...............................................................................................11 2.5. Lynx and humans ......................................................................................................13 3. Material and Methods......................................................................................................16 3.1. Reference file countries.............................................................................................19 3.2. Reference file populations .........................................................................................23 4. Countries..........................................................................................................................26 Albania..............................................................................................................................27 Austria ..............................................................................................................................33 Belarus .............................................................................................................................41 Bosnia-Herzegovina .........................................................................................................45 Bulgaria ............................................................................................................................50 Croatia ..............................................................................................................................57 Czech Republic.................................................................................................................64 Estonia..............................................................................................................................71 Finland..............................................................................................................................78 France ..............................................................................................................................86 FYR Macedonia................................................................................................................94 Germany.........................................................................................................................100 Greece............................................................................................................................110 Hungary ..........................................................................................................................115 Italy .................................................................................................................................120 Kaliningrad (Russia).......................................................................................................126 Latvia ..............................................................................................................................130 Liechtenstein...................................................................................................................137 Lithuania .........................................................................................................................140 Norway............................................................................................................................146 Poland ............................................................................................................................154 Romania .........................................................................................................................161 Serbia and Montenegro ..................................................................................................168 Slovakia ..........................................................................................................................176 Slovenia..........................................................................................................................184 Sweden...........................................................................................................................191 Switzerland .....................................................................................................................198 Ukraine ...........................................................................................................................206 Lynx Survey Europe 2001 – Table of contents 5 5. Populations....................................................................................................................214 Nordic population............................................................................................................215 Baltic population.............................................................................................................222 Carpathian population.....................................................................................................230 Balkan population ...........................................................................................................239 Dinaric population...........................................................................................................246 Bohemian-Bavarian population.......................................................................................252 Alpine population............................................................................................................258 Jura population ...............................................................................................................266 Vosges-Palatinian population .........................................................................................272
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