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EU Zoos Directive Good Practices Document

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EU Zoos Directive Good Practices Document EU Zoos Directive Good Practices Document July – 2015 EU Zoos Directive Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). LEGAL NOTICE This document has been prepared for the European Commission however it reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://www.europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 ISBN 978-92-79-49488-8 doi: 10.2779/247108 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Disclaimer This document is for information purposes only. It in no way creates any obligation for the Member States or project developers. The definitive interpretation of Union law is the sole prerogative of the Court of Justice of the EU. This document has been prepared under a study contract for the European Commission (070307/2012/635057/SER/B3). Project management was by VetEffecT Consultancy & Recruiting, led by Remco Schrijver and Reina Sikkema. The Coordinator of the Writing and expert Pool for the document was Myriam Rodríguez-Guerra of Active Life Company. The Writing Pool was comprised of Myriam Rodríguez-Guerra, Vanessa Herranz Muñoz, Leonor Galhardo, María Fàbregas Hernández with contributions from Reina Sikkema, Heather Bacon and Neil Smith. The Expert Pool also involved Michael Fielding, Guna Vitola, Endre Sós, Federico Guillén Salazar, John Fa. Figures and graphics for the document have been prepared by Vanessa Herranz Muñoz. The document was edited by David J. Dewar and Karen Meijer. The Image front page is from Vanessa Herranz Muñoz. Study contract management and supervision of the project within DG Environment (Nature Unit) was by Jorge Savio and Micheal O'Briain. Acknowledgements Numerous stakeholders and experts contributed to this work. A Stakeholder Liaison Group, set up within the framework of this study contract, helped to shape and more fully inform the Zoos Directive Good Practices Document. The members of this group were: Dalia Conde (Max-Planck Odense Center, University of Southern Denmark), Daniel Turner (Born Free Foundation, UK), David Field (Zoological Society of London, UK), Gita Strode (Nature Conservation Agency, Ministry of Environment, Latvia), Jane Withey (DEFRA Biodiversity, UK), Lesley Dickie (European Association of Zoos and Aquaria), Philip McGowan (Species Survival Committee (IUCN)), Silvia Peeva (Food Safety Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Bulgaria), Stacy McLennan (Eurogroup for Animals), Zjef Pereboom (Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Belgium) The contributions of the following individuals is also gratefully acknowledged: Aija Pupina (Latgales Zoo, Latvia), Carlos Ibero Solana (Atecma), Chris Draper (Born Free Foundation, UK), Claudia Gili (Acquaria di Genova, Italy), Dana Bedzdickova (Stichting AAP, Netherlands), David Van Gennep (Stichting AAP, Netherlands), Eckhard Wiesenthal (Deutscher Wildgehegeverband DWV, Germany), Emilio Virgós (URJC, SECEM, Spain), Geert Jorkers (Stichting AAP, Netherlands), Ido Toxopeus, Íñigo Sánchez (Zoo Jerez, Spain), João Loureiro (Instituto de Conservação da Natureza, Biodiversidade e Florestas, Portugal), Kay Farmer (EARS), Margaret Whittaker (Active Environments, USA), Maria da Conceição Blasques (Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Portugal), Maria Jorge Antunes Correia (Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária, Portugal), Mark Kingston Jones (Howletts, UK), Miguel Angel Quevedo (Zoo Jerez, Spain), Mihails Pupins (Latgales Zoo, Latvia), Miklós Persányi (Hungarian Zoo Federation), Núria Baylina (Oceanário de Lisboa, Portugal), Olga Martin (Stichting AAP, Netherlands), Pascale Wiesenthal (Deutscher Wildgehegeverband DWV, Germany), Piero Genovesi (Chair, IUCN SSC ISSG, Senior Conservation Officer at ISPRA (Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Italy), Riccardo Scalera (Programme officer, IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist Group), Romain Pizzi, Royal Zoological Society of Scotland, UK, Simonyi Gábor (Budapest Zoo, Hungary), Usukhjargal Dorj (Hustai National Park, Mongolia), Valerie Hare (Shape of Enrichment, USA) Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................... 5 Purpose of this Good Practices Document .......................................... 2 1 Background ...................................................................................... 4 1.1 Introduction. ............................................................................................. 4 1.2 A short history of zoos ............................................................................. 5 1.3 Framework of the Zoos Directive ............................................................. 6 1.4 Aim and scope of the Zoos Directive ....................................................... 7 1.4.1 Article 1 - Aim ......................................................................................................... 7 1.4.2 Article 2 - Scope of the Zoos Directive ................................................................... 9 2 Requirements applicable to zoos ......................................................... 13 2.1. Introduction – Conservation measures (Article 3) .................................. 13 2.2. Article 3 - first indent - Conservation, research and training .................. 14 2.2.1. Scope ................................................................................................................... 14 2.2.2. How zoos actively contribute to the conservation of biodiversity ......................... 15 2.2.3 Conservation measures ....................................................................................... 15 2.2.4. Conservation in action .......................................................................................... 18 2.3 Article 3 - second indent - Public education and awareness .................. 29 2.3.1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 29 2.3.2 How do zoos promote public education and raise awareness ............................. 30 2.3.3 Zoo education in action ........................................................................................ 30 2.3.4 Tools: zoo education ............................................................................................ 33 2.4 Article 3 - third indent - Accommodating animals ................................... 37 2.4.1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 37 2.4.2 Accommodation .................................................................................................... 37 2.4.3 Environmental enrichment ................................................................................... 41 2.4.4 Animal husbandry ................................................................................................. 43 2.5 Article 3 - fourth indent - Preventing escape and the intrusion of pests and vermin .................................................................................................... 51 2.5.1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 51 2.5.2 Preventing the escape of animals ........................................................................ 52 2.5.3 Preventing the intrusion of outside pests and vermin .......................................... 58 2.6 Article 3- fifth indent - Record keeping ................................................... 61 2.6.1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 61 2.6.2 Which records should the zoo have regarding its animal collection? .................. 61 2.6.3 The importance of keeping complete, accurate and up-to-date records ............. 62 EU Zoos Directive Good Practices Document P a g e | 3 2.6.4 Information that an animal record may include .................................................... 63 2.6.5 Record keeping systems ...................................................................................... 65 2.6.7 Animal identification ............................................................................................. 66 3 Implementation and enforcement................................................. 68 3.1 Introduction - Member State competences ............................................ 68 3.2 Licensing and inspection regime ............................................................ 69 3.2.1 Zoo Inspection Systems ....................................................................................... 70 3.2.2 Zoo inspector training ........................................................................................... 79 3.3 Closure of zoos ...................................................................................... 80 3.3.1 Scope ................................................................................................................... 80 3.3.2 Types of closure ................................................................................................... 81 3.3.3 Closing
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