Local Elections: Is Syria Moving to Reassert Central Control?
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Nationalism in Ottoman Greater Syria 1840-1914 the Divisive Legacy of Sectarianism
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Theses and Dissertations Thesis Collection 2008-12 Nationalism in Ottoman Greater Syria 1840-1914 the divisive legacy of Sectarianism Francioch, Gregory A. Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School http://hdl.handle.net/10945/3850 NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS NATIONALISM IN OTTOMAN GREATER SYRIA 1840- 1914: THE DIVISIVE LEGACY OF SECTARIANISM by Gregory A. Francioch December 2008 Thesis Advisor: Anne Marie Baylouny Second Reader: Boris Keyser Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED December 2008 Master’s Thesis 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Nationalism in Ottoman Greater Syria 1840- 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 1914: The Divisive Legacy of Sectarianism 6. AUTHOR(S) Greg Francioch 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. -
Deir-Ez-Zor Governorate - Gender-Based Violence Snapshot, January - June 2016
Deir-ez-Zor Governorate - Gender-Based Violence Snapshot, January - June 2016 Total Population: 0.94 mio No. of Sub-Districts: 14 Total Female Population: 0.46 mio No. of Communities: 133 Total Population > Age of 18: 0.41 mio No. of Hard-to-Reach Locations: 133 IDPs: 0.32 mio No. of Besieged Locations: 0 People in Need: 0.75 mio GOVERNORATE HIGHLIGHTS & CAPACITY BUILDING INITIATIVES: Ar-Raqqa P ! • Several GBV training sessions were provided in Basira, Kisreh and Sur ! sub-districts Kisreh Tabni Sur Deir-ez-Zor P Deir-ez-Zor Khasham Basira NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS BY ACTIVITY IN EACH SUB-DISTRICT Awareness Raising Dignity Kits Distribution Psychosocial Support IRAQIRAQ Skills Building & Livelihoods Specialised Response Muhasan Thiban P Governorate Capitals Governorate Boundaries Al Mayadin District Boundaries Sub-District Boundaries Hajin Ashara GBV Reach !1 -!>5 Women and Girls Safe Spaces (Jun 2016) 1 1 1 !1 - >5 Women and Girls Safe Spaces (Jan-May 2016) Jalaa ! Areas of Influence (AoI) Syria Susat Contested Areas Golan Heights Abu Kamal Government (SAA) ´ ISIS-affiliated groups A S H A R A D E I R - E Z - Z O R M U H A S A N Kurdish Forces NUMBER OF ORGANIZATIONS BY HUB IN EACH SUB -DISTRICT Non-state armed groups and ANF Amman Hub Damascus Hub Gaziantep Hub Unspecified Disclaimer: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsment. This map is based on available data 0 12.5 25 50 km at sub-district level only. Information visualized on this map is not to be considered complete or geographically correct. -
Ar-Raqqa (Household Surveys) August 2018
Syria Shelter and NFI Assessment: Ar-Raqqa (Household Surveys) August 2018 CONTEXT AND METHODOLOGY Map 1: Sub-districts assessed Since the conflict in Ar-Raqqa city ended in October 2017, access to the city and the governorate has increased, however, remains challenging due to the prevalence of unexploded ordnance.1 The removal of contaminated soil in Ar-Raqqa governorate started in June 2018, but significant challenges persist. Displacement in the governorate is likely to be protracted as individuals return to their community origin, regardless of the security challenges. To provide up-to-date information on shelter conditions and NFI availability and affordability across northern Syria, REACH conducted an assessment on behalf of the Shelter and NFI Cluster and in partnerships with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Findings presented in this factsheet are based on data collected between 24 June and 2 August 2018 from a total of 819 households across 89 communities and 7 sub-districts in Ar-Raqqa governorate. Households were sampled to allow findings to be generalisable with a 95% level of confidence and 10% margin of error at the sub-district level, and at least the same level of confidence and margin of error at the regional level. This factsheet also refers to data from a similar assessment from July 2017 in order to highlight significant trends.2 KEY FINDINGS This assessment found that a high proportion of Spontaneous returnees’ (SRs) last place of departure was within Ar-Raqqa governorate (92%). 90% of SR households in the governorate reported property ownership as the primary reason for returning to their community of origin. -
The 2021 Syrian Presidential Election
July 2021 The 2021 Syrian Presidential Election Political deadlock and Syrian Burnout Hadia Kawikji Introduction The legitimacy of any position is based on two main elements, first the manner in which the individual attained the position, and second is the ability of the individual to fulfill the related responsibilities. For the first point, Bashar al-Assad’s Presidency in Syria was attained through heredity within a ludicrous system following his father who seized the power via a military coup. Both father and son ruled Syria for the last half a century with de-facto legitimacy, through nominal referendums completely dominated by the Ba’ath party. This was instead of an election that reflects the Syrian people’s will. In terms of the ability to fulfill the responsibilities of the presidency, many indicators showcase the regime’s failures to the Syrians. The recent years have witnessed the collapse of the Syrian pound to unprecedented levels, along with the displacement of more than half of the Syrian population,1 and the rise of extreme poverty to 82%,2 with the fact that 37% of the Syrian territories are outside of the regime’s control. Additionally, the violation of the Syrian decision is evidenced by the control of the Lebanese “Hezbollah”, Iranian militias, and Russian troops controlling over roughly 85% of the Syrian borders, finally yet importantly, the Syrian regime’s inability to protect its territory is illustrated by the haphazard attacks by Israel on Syrian land at any given time. In March 2011, the majority of the Syrian people called for the removal of the Assad regime and the transition to a democratic country. -
Jun 2 3 2010 Libraries
Developing Heritage: Activist Decision-Makers and Reproduced Narratives in the Old City of Aleppo, Syria By Bernadette Baird-Zars B.A. Political Science and Education Swarthmore College, 2006 Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ARCHNES MASTER IN CITY PLANNING MASSACHUSES INSTft1JTE OF TECHNOLOGY at the JUN 2 3 2010 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LIBRARIES June 2010 C 2010 Bernadette Baird-Zars. All Rights Reserved. The author hereby grants to MIT the permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of the thesis document in whole or in part. Author Department of Urban Studies aknd vAiing ) May 20, 2010 Certified by Professor Annette Kim Department of Urban Studies and Planning Thesis Supervisor Accepted by_ Professor Joseph Ferreira Chair, MCP Committee Department of Urban Studies and Planning Developing Heritage: Activist Decision-Makers and Reproduced Narratives in the Old City of Aleppo, Syria By Bernadette Baird-Zars Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning on May 20, 2010 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master in City Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology ABSTRACT Aleppo's rehabilitation project has received plaudits for its comprehensive pro-resident approach and an active stance to limit gentrification and touristification. As this objective goes against many of the structural and economic interests in the city, the 'illogical' aspects of plans and regulations would be expected to be immediately transgressed. Surprisingly, however, municipal regulation of investments for significant new uses of property is strong, as is the provision of services to neighborhoods with little to no expected returns. -
Syria, a Country Study
Syria, a country study Federal Research Division Syria, a country study Table of Contents Syria, a country study...............................................................................................................................................1 Federal Research Division.............................................................................................................................2 Foreword........................................................................................................................................................5 Preface............................................................................................................................................................6 GEOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................................................7 TRANSPORTATION AND COMMUNICATIONS....................................................................................8 NATIONAL SECURITY..............................................................................................................................9 MUSLIM EMPIRES....................................................................................................................................10 Succeeding Caliphates and Kingdoms.........................................................................................................11 Syria.............................................................................................................................................................12 -
On the Lived Experience of the Syrian Diaspora in Canada
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository Graduate Studies The Vault: Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2019-01-03 On the Lived Experience of the Syrian Diaspora in Canada Alatrash, Ghada Alatrash, G. (2019). On the Lived Experience of the Syrian Diaspora in Canada (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Calgary, Calgary, AB. http://hdl.handle.net/1880/109417 doctoral thesis University of Calgary graduate students retain copyright ownership and moral rights for their thesis. You may use this material in any way that is permitted by the Copyright Act or through licensing that has been assigned to the document. For uses that are not allowable under copyright legislation or licensing, you are required to seek permission. Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY On the Lived Experience of the Syrian Diaspora in Canada by Ghada Alatrash A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH CALGARY, ALBERTA JANUARY, 2019 © Ghada Alatrash 2019 Abstract The Syrian Diaspora today is a complex topic that speaks to issues of dislocation, displacement, loss, exile, identity, resilience and a desire for belonging. My research sought to better understand these issues and the lived experience and human condition of the Syrian Diaspora. In my research, I thought through this main question: How do Syrian newcomers come to make sense of what it means to have lost a home and a homeland as it relates to the Syrian Diasporic experience? I broached the Syrian diasporic subject by thinking through an anti-Orientalist, anti- colonial framework, and I engaged autoethnography as a research methodology and as a method as I reflexively thought through and wrote from my own personal experience as a Syrian immigrant so that I could better understand the Syrian refugee’s human experience. -
ISSN 0853-7380 E-ISSN 2252-696X Accredited by the Ministry Of
ISSN 0853-7380 E-ISSN 2252-696X Accredited by the Ministry of Research and Technology / National Agency for Research and Innovation Decree Number: 85/M/KPT/2020 Volume 25 Number 4 December 2020 JITV Volume 25 Number 4 Page: 147-218 Bogor, December 2020 ISSN 0853-7380 Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN 0853-7380 JITV Volume 25 Number 4 Page 147-218 Bogor, December 2020 E-ISSN 2252-696X Editor PREFACE Advisor: Head of Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development In this edition, Volume 25 No 4, we proudly present Chief Editor: articles from animal and veterinary sciences including Prof. Dr. Ismeth Inounu, M.S. (Animal Breeding and Genetics) genetics; reproduction, feed technology, and veterinary. The articles published in this edition are: Associate Editor: “Genetic and Non-Genetic Effects on Semen Dr. Simson Tarigan (Pathology) Characteristics of Bali Cattle (Bos javanicus)”; Dr. Endang Romjali (Animal Breeding and Genetics) “Improving the Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acid on the In Dr. Ir. R.A. Yeni Widiawati (Animal Feed and Nutrition) Vitro Maturation of Oocytes”; “Reproduction Status and Population Dynamic of Kuantan Cattle in the Kuantan Singingi Regency Novel Mutation of Exon 5 Prolactin Editorial Boards: ”; “ Gene in IPB-D1 Chicken ; Effect of Averrhoa bilimbi Dr. Cristina Tlustos (Food Science, Nutrition, Dietetics) ” “ Prof. Dra. R. Iis Arifiantini Fruit Filtrate and Shrimp Paste Mixture on Performance, Prof. Dr. I. Wayan Teguh Wibawan (Parasitology and Micology) Gut Microbes and Blood Profile of Broilers, Gut Dr. Susan Jean Baigent (Avian Viral Disease) Microbes and Blood Profile of Broilers”, “Chemical Prof. Dr. -
Pamela Murgia
“TESIS” — 2018/8/31 — 9:22 — page i — #1 Hamas’ Statements A discourse analysis approach Pamela Murgia TESI DOCTORAL UPF / ANY 2018 DIRECTOR DE LA TESI Prof. Teun A. van Dijk (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Prof. Nicola Melis (Università degli Studi di Cagliari) Departament Traducció i Ciències del Llenguatge “TESIS” — 2018/8/31 — 9:22 — page ii — #2 “TESIS” — 2018/8/31 — 9:22 — page iii — #3 Abstract Hamas, acronym for Islamic Resistance Movement, is a political movement that was founded in 1987 and has, since 2007, been in charge of the Gaza Strip. The movement was initially characterised by a language accentuated by tropes of po- litical Islam and, after the Oslo Accords, by a strong rejection of the institutions established by the Accords. Consequently, the movement refused to take part in the elections of the Palestinian Authority. The failure of the Accords in the early 2000s led the movement to take a turn, deciding to participate in the elec- tions. Hamas thus underwent a significant political development, that resulted in changes in rhetoric, ideological representations, and self-representation. The present work aims to study the movements ideological development and commu- nication strategies by the means of Discourse Analysis, with the analysis of the corpora of bayan¯ at¯ , the official statements issued by Hamas and published on their official website. Resumen Hamas, acrónimo de “Movimiento de Resistencia Islámica”, es un movimiento político que se fundó en 1987 y que desde 2007 controla la Franja de Gaza. El movimiento se caracterizó inicialmente por un lenguaje fuertemente marcado por los topoi del Islam político y, después de los Acuerdos de Oslo, por un rechazo radical de las instituciones resultado de los mismos Acuerdos. -
Situation Overview Key Figures
Turkey | Syria: Humanitarian Dashboard - Cross Border Response Jan-Mar 2016 (Issued on 04 May 2016) SITUATION OVERVIEW Conflict between non-state armed opposition groups (NSAOGs), the Islamic State and Government of Syria continued during most of the first quarter of 2016, resulting in various impediments to humanitarian programming across Syria. Most notably, in the months of January and February, GoS and allies intensified attacks on civilian infrastructure, including medical facilities, schools, IDP camps, bakeries and humanitarian warehouses, stymieing humanitarian access to many vulnerable communities across Syria. This in attacks resulted in even more communities being displaced from the Northern Aleppo countryside and elsewhere in Northern Latakia. By the end of February, a ‘cessation of hostilities’ agreement brokered by the US and Russia came into effect, resulting in significant reduction in hostilities between NSAOGs and the GoS across most of Syria, allowing more access to displaced communities for many humanitarian agencies in Aleppo, Idleb, Latakia and Hama. Despite a reduction in violence, isolated incidents have continued in key areas around access routes into Aleppo City between Kurdish forces and NSAOGs, leading to intermittent impediments along the Castello Road supply route. In eastern Syria, air strikes continued to impact civilian infrastructure under ISIL control, resulting in further degradation of hospitals, as well as vital electricity and water networks in Raqqa and Aleppo governorates. Under UNSC resolution 2165/2258, UN and its partners sent 41 consignments from Turkey (16 from Bab al-Salam - BAS, 25 from Bab al-Hawa- BAH) to the Syrian Arab Republic consisting of 1,341 trucks. 1,130 of these trucks used the BAH border crossing while the remaining 211 crossed from BAS border crossing. -
The Human Rights of Women in Syria
The human rights of women in Syria Between discriminatory law, patriarchal culture, and the exclusionary politics of the regime POLICY PAPER 2020 The human rights of women in Syria The human rights of women in Syria Between discriminatory law, patriarchal culture, and the exclusionary politics of the regime Policy paper 2020 Dawlaty Syria www.dawlaty.org WILPF – Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom www.wilpf.org Design by Superpower Partners www.superpowerpartners.com The human rights of women in Syria | 3 Between discriminatory law, patriarchal culture, and the exclusionary politics of the regime “Citizenship means belonging to the land, and the rights resulting therefrom, such as education, health, expression of opinion, life, safety, the right to a nationality, along with political, civil, and social rights. These are conditions of citizenship.” Woman participant in a consultative session in Idlib. Citizenship is defined, in its simplest form, as the direct relationship between the state and citizens—female and male—in which the state guarantees them a set of rights and privileges, established by the constitution and regulated by laws. In return, citizenship requires a set of responsibilities within the limits of the laws applicable in a given state. Citizenship is conditional on three factors: 1) the right to acquire a nationality; 2) the rights and duties arising from the acquisition of nationality (equality before the law); and 3) participation in public life. In Syria, obtaining Syrian citizenship did not automatically enable women (or some men) to gain access to all their rights, whether political, economic, cultural, or social. Many structural factors have contributed to preventing this, perhaps most prominent of which is the blatant legal discrimination against women. -
UK Home Office
Country Policy and Information Note Syria: the Syrian Civil War Version 4.0 August 2020 Preface Purpose This note provides country of origin information (COI) and analysis of COI for use by Home Office decision makers handling particular types of protection and human rights claims (as set out in the Introduction section). It is not intended to be an exhaustive survey of a particular subject or theme. It is split into two main sections: (1) analysis and assessment of COI and other evidence; and (2) COI. These are explained in more detail below. Assessment This section analyses the evidence relevant to this note – i.e. the COI section; refugee/human rights laws and policies; and applicable caselaw – by describing this and its inter-relationships, and provides an assessment of, in general, whether one or more of the following applies: x A person is reasonably likely to face a real risk of persecution or serious harm x The general humanitarian situation is so severe as to breach Article 15(b) of European Council Directive 2004/83/EC (the Qualification Directive) / Article 3 of the European Convention on Human Rights as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iii) of the Immigration Rules x The security situation presents a real risk to a civilian’s life or person such that it would breach Article 15(c) of the Qualification Directive as transposed in paragraph 339C and 339CA(iv) of the Immigration Rules x A person is able to obtain protection from the state (or quasi state bodies) x A person is reasonably able to relocate within a country or territory x A claim is likely to justify granting asylum, humanitarian protection or other form of leave, and x If a claim is refused, it is likely or unlikely to be certifiable as ‘clearly unfounded’ under section 94 of the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002.