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5(4): 308-316 (2011) DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2011035 Journal of FisheriesSciences.com E-ISSN 1307-234X © 2011 www.fisheriessciences.com RESEARCH ARTICLE ARAŞTIRMA MAKALESİ THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SEXUALLY MATURE BLUE SWIMMER CRAB (Portunus pelagicus, Linnaeus 1758) IN THE MERSIN BAY Deniz Ayas1∗, Yeşim Özoğul2 1MersinÜniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Mersin 2Çukurova Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, Adana Abstract: The objective of the present study was to determine chemical composition of carapace meat of male and female mature blue swimmer crabs, Portunus pelagicus, caught in the Mersin Bay. The levels of protein ranged from 20.75% to 23.44%, lipid from 1.13% to 1.43%, and water from 73.31% to 76.04%, total mineral substance (TMS) from 1.81% to 2.10% for blue swim- mer crabs. Statistically, carapace meat of female blue swimmer crabs had higher protein level, and lower lipid, water and TMS levels than those of the male (p<0.05). In the present study, the major fatty acids found in blue swimmer crabs were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), oleic acid (C18:1 n9), arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3). Saturated fatty acid (SFA) level in the carapace meat of male blue swimmer crabs (24.94%) was similar female blue swimmer crabs (24.72%). Furthermore, the levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) changed from 23.69% to 26.52% and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from 43.19% to 45.98% for blue swimmer crabs. Statistically, there were no significant differences in palmitic acid and stearic acid levels in carapace meat of male and female blue swimmer crabs (P>0.05). Besides, statistically, there were significant differences in palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, arachi- donic acid, EPA and DHA levels in carapace meat of male and female blue swimmer crabs (P<0.05). EPA levels of female blue swimmer crabs (21.09%) were higher than male blue swimmer crabs (20.56%). Furthermore, DHA levels of male blue swimmer crabs (14.57%) were higher than female blue swimmer crabs (12.41%). The PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 was de- tected as 1.77, 0.28 for female blue swimmer crabs whereas it was 1.82, 0.27 for male blue swimmer crabs, respectively. In the present study, it was observed that carapace meat of blue swimmer crabs were contaminated with Cu and Zn. Keywords: Blue Swimmer Crab, Portunus pelagicus, Chemical Composition, Sexually mature ∗ Correspondence to: Deniz AYAS, Department of Seafood Processing Technology, Faculty of Fisheries, University of Mersin,33160, Mezitli, Mersin -TÜRKİYE Tel: (+90 324) 3412813-1565 Fax: (+90 324) 3413025 E-mail: [email protected] 308 Journal of FisheriesSciences.com Ayas and Özoğul, 5(4): 308-316 (2011) Journal abbreviation: J FisheriesSciences.com Özet: Eşeysel Olgunlaşmasını Tamamlamış Mavi Yüzücü Yengecin (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus 1758) Kimyasal Kompozisyonu Bu çalışmanın amacı Mersin Körfezi’nden yakalanan ergin dişi ve erkek mavi yüzücü yengeç- lerin (Portunus pelagicus) karapaks eti kimyasal kompozisyonunun belirlenmesidir. Mavi yü- zücü yengeçlerin protein düzeyi %20.75-%23.44, lipit düzeyi %1.13-%1.43, su düzeyi %73.31-%76.04 ve toplam mineral madde (TMM) düzeyi %1.81-%2.10 arasındadır. İstatistik- sel olarak dişi mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin protein düzeyi erkeklerden yüksek lipit, su ve TMM düzeyi düşüktür (p<0.05). Çalışmada mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin temel yağ asitlerinin palmitik asit (C16:0), stearik asit (C18:0), palmitoleik asit (C16:1), oleik asit (C18:1n9), araşidonik asit (C20:4n6), eikosapentaenoik asit (EPA, C20:5n3) ve dokosaheksaenoik asit (DHA, C22:6n3) olduğu bulunmuştur. Erkek mavi yüzücü yengecin karapaks eti doymuş yağ asitleri (DYA) dü- zeyi (%24.94) dişilerinkine (%24.72) benzer bulunmuştur. Mavi yüzücü yengecin tekli doy- mamış yağ asitleri (TDYA) ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri (ÇDYA) sırasıyla %23.69-%26.52 ve %43.19-%45.98 arasında değişmektedir. Dişi ve erkek mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin karapaks eti palmitik ve stearik asit düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Bununla birlikte dişi ve erkek mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin karapaks eti palmitoleik asit, oleik asit, araşidonik asit, EPA ve DHA düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel bir ayrım bulunmaktadır (p<0.05). Dişi mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin EPA düzeyi (%21.09) erkek mavi yüzücü yengeçlerinkinden (%20.56) daha yüksektir. Erkek mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin DHA düzeyi (%14.57) ise dişilerin- kinden (%12.41) yüksektir. Dişi mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin ÇDYA/DYA ve n-6/n-3 oranları sı- rasıyla 1.77, 0.28 olarak belirlenirken, bu oranlar erkekler için 1.82, 0.27 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada mavi yüzücü yengeçlerin karapaks etinin Cu ve Zn ile kontamine olduğu bulun- muştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Mavi Yüzücü Yengeç, Portunus pelagicus, Kimyasal Kompozisyon, Eşeysel Olgunlaşmasını Tamamlamış Introduction Blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus, is a There are many articles related to the chemi- large crab found on the coasts of the Indian, Pa- cal composition of big sea crabs in the various cific and Mediterranean Seas (Razek 1988, regions of the world (Badawi 1971, Türeli et al. Shields and Wood 1993, Gökoğlu and Yerlikaya 2000, Al-Mohanna and Subrahmanyam 2001, 2003). This big sea crab is an Indio-Pacific spe- Skonberg and Perkins 2002, Türeli et al. 2002, cies. This exotic species came to the Mediterra- Gökoğlu and Yerlikaya 2003, Çelik et al. 2004, nean waters after the opening of Suez Canal. Naczk et al. 2004, Musaiger and Al-Rumaidh Blue swimmer crabs are commonly distributed in 2005, Hall et al. 2006, Chen et al. 2007, the Northeastern Mediterranean shores in Turkey. Sudhakar et al. 2009). While blue swimmer crabs contain low levels of lipid, they are rich for pro- Blue swimmer crab is one of crab species tein levels (Türeli et al. 2000, Gökoğlu and Yer- which have economic value. Thus, this species is likaya 2003, Musaiger and Al-Rumaidh 2005). caught both in the world and in Turkey. Ac- Gökoğlu and Yerlikaya (2003) reported that lipid cording to Fishstat plus (2010) report, 55 and 95 levels of blue swimmer crabs were less than 1%. tons of blue swimmer crabs were caught in 2003 In a similar study, Musaiger and Al-Rumaidh and 2007, respectively in Turkey. On the coasts (2005) indicated that protein levels of blue of Northeastern Mediterranean Sea in Turkey, swimmer crabs were approximately 20%. Many common big sea crab is the most largely caught studies have been done to determine fatty acid species of the Decapods. Although there is a sig- composition of big sea crabs (Skonberg and Per- nificant amount of big sea crabs in the Mediter- kins 2002, Çelik et al. 2004, Naczk et al. 2004, ranean, in Turkey, the consumption of crab meat Hall et al. 2006, Chen et al. 2007, Küley et al. is very low but they are generally consumed by 2007). These studies generally have focused on European countries. poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Hall et al. (2006) reported that EPA and DHA levels were ap- proximately 30% of the total lipid for blue 309 Journal of FisheriesSciences.com Ayas and Özoğul, 5(4): 308-316 (2011) Journal abbreviation: J FisheriesSciences.com swimmer crabs. In a similar study, Küley et al., Antalya and İskenderun Bays, there is hardly any (2007) indicated that PUFAs were 40-45% of the available information about chemical composi- total lipid for Atlantic blue crabs. tion of blue swimmer crabs living in Mersin Bay. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine Blue swimmer crab meat contains high levels and compare chemical compositions of male and of Cu, Zn, and Fe (Al-Mohanna and Subrahman- female sexually mature blue swimmer crabs in yam 2001, Gökoğlu and Yerlikaya 2003). Mersin Bay. Gökoğlu and Yerlikaya (2003) reported that the levels of Cu and Zn of blue swimmer crabs which Materials and Methods were caught from Antalya Bay reached to nearly contamination levels. Metal contamination levels Materials for edible tissue of big sea crabs are: The U.S. Blue swimmer crabs, P. pelagicus, were Food and Drug Administration (USFDA, 2005) caught by dip net from Mersin Bay, the coast of sets food contamination levels for crabs (for edi- Northeastern Mediterranean, in March, 2008 -1 -1 ble tissue) as 3 μg Cd g , 1.5 μg Pb g , 12 μg Cr (Figure 1). In the fishing procedure, dip net -1 g , and these levels are presented as in the fol- which had mesh size of 32 mm was used. 30 lowing by the Turkish Food Codex (2005): 0.5 male and 30 female individuals were caught and -1 -1 -1 μg Cd g , 0.5 μg Pb g , 20 μg Cu g and 50 μg kept in polystyrene boxes with ice. When they -1 Zn g . were brought to the laboratory, they were still Although there are studies on the chemical alive. composition of blue swimmer crabs caught in Figure 1. Sampling zone map (Mersin Bay) 310 Journal of FisheriesSciences.com Ayas and Özoğul, 5(4): 308-316 (2011) Journal abbreviation: J FisheriesSciences.com Sample preparation the injector and the detector temperature were set at 220 oC and 280 oC, respectively. The sample Some morphometric measurements [carapace size was 1 µL and the carrier gas was controlled length (CL), carapace width (CW)] and weight of at 16 ps. The split used was 1:50. Fatty acids all samples were done (Table 1). The morpho- were identified by comparing the retention times metric measurements of crab carapace were done of fatty acid methyl esters with a standard 37- using a calliper. After that, muscle tissues of each component fatty acid methyl ester mixture (cata- sex group including 30 individuals were taken log no 18919; Supelco). Tri replicate GC anal- out by hand.
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    GEOLOGY OF THE WESTERN PART OF ANTALYA BAY* Adnan KALAFATÇIOĞLU Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey ABSTRACT. — Studies carried out in this area indicate that the Permian-Mesozoic limestone series, which were previously named the Comprehensive series, show various facies. Detailed chrono-stratigraphic studies of the rock- stratigraphy units of the area were carried out, based on the fossil content of the formations of various ages. Stratigraphic deposition in the area shows that the oldest rocks encountered are limestones and dolomites of Per- mian age. Triassic rhythmic series, which conformably overlie the Permian formations, show various lithological types. This series is represented by sandstone, radiolarites and platy limestones. Liassic, Dogger and Malm are represented by reef limestones, oolitic limestones, dolomites and bedded biomicrite limestones, respectively. Cretaceous is divided into two sub-systems: namely, Lower Cretaceous and Upper Cretaceous. Lower Cretaceous formations are represented by white-colored reef limestones. Upper Cretaceous, on the other hand, consists of thick- bedded and crystallized limestones and dolomites. These formations, as a whole, show a marine facies. Tertiary formations are characterized by Pliocene polymictic conglomerates and Quaternary coarse-grained con- glomerates of the orthoconglomerate type, and by slope breccia, talus cones and alluvium. Igneous rocks occurring in the area under investigation consist of peridotite, gabbro, verlite, serpentinized harzburgite and serpentine contained within the Triassic ophiolitic series. These are ophiolites of alpine type found in the folded geosynclines. Triassic extrusives, on the other hand, mainly consist of pillow lavas, spilites, keratophyres, albite dolerites and diabases. The pillow lavas and the porphyritic lavas gave the beds their characteristic form.
  • In the Mediterranean Shores of Turkey

    In the Mediterranean Shores of Turkey

    7(3): 241-244 (2013) DOI: 10.3153/jfscom.2013025 Journal of FisheriesSciences.com E-ISSN 1307-234X © 2013 www.fisheriessciences.com SHORT COMMUNICATION KISA BİLGİLENDİRME THE DISTRIBUTION OF Carinaria mediterranea Blainville, 1825 (HETEROPODS) IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SHORES OF TURKEY Yaşar Özvarol∗ Akdeniz University, Fisheries Faculty, Antalya, Turkey Abstract: Carinaria mediterranea is a species of minute floating sea snail, a pelagic marine gastropod mollusc in the family Carinariidae. It is a cosmopolitan species with a wide north-south range between 60°N and 45°S. In the Mediterranean, it is common everywhere and penetrates deep into the Caribbean (http://species-identification.org/). In this paper, the distribution of C. medi- terranea specimens are given in Mediterranean coasts of Turkey. Keywords: Carinaria mediterranea, Mollusc, Distribution, Turkey, Mediterranean Sea Özet: Carinaria mediterranea Blainville, 1825 (Heteropods)'nin Türkiye'nin Akdeniz Kiyilarindaki Dağilim Alanlari Carinaria mediterranea, Carinariidae familyasına ait yüzebilen pelajik bir deniz salyangozu tü- rüdür. 60°N, 45°S enlemleri arasındaki bölgede geniş bir dağılım alanına sahip kozmopolit bir türdür. Akdeniz'in hemen her yerinde yaygın olarak görülebilen bu tür Karayip'lerde bile tespit edilmiştir (http://www.species-identification.org/). Bu çalışmada Carinaria mediterranea' nın Türkiye'nin Akdeniz kıyılarındaki dağılımı verilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Carinaria mediterranea, Mollusc, Dağılım alanları, Türkiye, Akdeniz ∗ Correspondence to: Yaşar ÖZVAROL, Akdeniz