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Polska – Białoruś Poland – Belarus Polska – Białoruś Poland‘89 – Belarus‘91 ZMIANY NIERÓWNOLEGŁE NON-EQUIVALENT CHANGES Wybór artykułów Collection of articles 2009 2009 Polska ’89 – Białoruś ’91: zmiany nierównoległe. Wybór artykułów Poland ’89 – Belarus ’91: Non-equivalent Changes. Collection of articles Publikacja powstała w ramach projektu „Polska w przededniu objęcia Prezydencji w Unii Europejskiej – Wyzwania i szanse. Projekt szkoleniowy dla regionalnych dzien- nikarzy białoruskich.” wspartego przez Ministerstwo Spraw Zagranicznych RP. This publication has been generously supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Poland in the framework of the project: „Poland before taking over the rotating presidency of the European Union. Threats and challenges. A training project for regional Belarusian journalists.” Centrum Stosunków Międzynarodowych Koordynator projektu: Wojciech Borodzicz-Smoliński Redakcja / Edited by : Wojciech Borodzicz-Smoliński, Andrei Klikunou Tłumaczenie / Translated by: Belarus-Live.eu. Published by: Center for International Relations Centrum Stosunków Międzynarodowych Emilii Plater 25, 00-688 Warsaw, Poland Tel.: +48 22 646 52 67 Fax: +48 22 646 52 58 E-mail: [email protected] © Copyright by Fundacja Centrum Stosunków Międzynarodowych, 2009 Szanowni Państwo! Drodzy czytelnicy! Rok 1989 był przełomowy dla Polski tak samo jak rok 1991 był przełomowy dla Białorusi. To co łączy te dwie cezury to zmiany jakie w ich wyniku zostały wprowadzone na politycznej mapie świata. 1989 – to rok obrad Okrągłego Stołu i zarazem wybory do Sejmu – odzwierciedlające oczekiwania społeczne. Zmia- ny w Polsce dały także impuls do obalenia Muru Berlińskiego. Doniosłość tych wydarzeń polegała na tym, iż Polska (zarówno władza jak i opozycja) pokazała, że możliwe są pokojowe przemiany, wprowadzenie zasad wolnego rynku, mo- dernizacja i w końcu to na co czekało społeczeństwo – demokratyczne wybory i demokratycznie wybrane władze. Rok 1991 dla Białorusi to rok odzyskania niepodległości oraz formalnego rozpadu Związku Socjalistycznych Republik Radzieckich. Od 26 XII 1991 Bia- łoruś, podobnie jak i inne kraje ZSRR, trochę zaskoczona zaistniałą sytuacją zaczyna budować swoją pozycję na arenie międzynarodowej jako niezależny podmiot stosunków międzynarodowych. Te dwa doniosłe wydarzenia w dziejach Polski i Białorusi skłoniły nas aby w XX-tą rocznicę obrad Okrągłego Stołu sprawdzić jak Białorusini wspominają tamte lata? Czy cieszą się zmianami w ich kraju? Czy mają refleksje dotyczące znaczenia wydarzeń przełomu lat 80-ych i 90-ych dla Europy i Świata? W celu znalezienia odpowiedzi na te pytania zorganizowaliśmy konkurs dla dziennikarzy i osób parających się pisaniem artykułów i reportaży na różne platformy medialne istniejące na Białorusi. W wyniku konkursu udało się zebrać grupę, która została zaproszona do Polski. W trakcie wizyty zostały zorganizowane spotkania z czołowymi pol- skimi politykami, posłami do Parlamentu Europejskiego, z przedstawicielami MSZ RP. Dziennikarze mieli również okazję do dyskusji z doradcą Prezydenta RP oraz zwiedzenia Pałacu Prezydenckiego. Zależało nam, aby przekazać ob- raz Polski nie idealnej, takiej z obrazka z błękitnym niebem, beztroskiej. Chcie- liśmy pokazać Polskę i drogę jaką przeszła od 1989 – chcieliśmy pokazać Polskę prawdziwą. Jako Polacy nie mamy się czego wstydzić – nawet naszych błędów reformatorskich – w końcu nie myli się tylko ten co nic nie robi. Liczyliśmy, że po wizycie naszych białoruskich przyjaciół zyskają oni wiedzę o polskich doświadczeniach, polityce zagranicznej i gospodarczej. Chcieliśmy także, aby dziennikarze białoruscy powiększyli swoją wiedzę o Unii Europej- skiej i inicjatywie Partnerstwo Wschodnie. Jako organizatorzy programu chcieliśmy wzbudzić wśród uczestników re- fleksję na temat przeobrażeń zachodzących w społeczeństwach Polski i Białoru- si. Byliśmy niezmiernie zadowoleni z rezultatów projektu – kilkudziesięciu ar- tykułów niejako inspirowanych wiedzą zdobytą podczas spotkań w Warszawie. Poland ’89 – Belarus ’91: Non-equivalent Changes. Collection of articles 3 W naszej publikacji znaleźć można artykuły o tematyce politycznej, społecz- nej, edukacyjnej, regionalnej i międzynarodowej. Wszystkie teksty łączy inspi- racja – zmianami w Polsce i Białorusi na przestrzeni ostatnich 20 lat. Żaden z autorów książki nie miał narzuconego tematu artykułu. Jako organizatorzy by- liśmy zdania, że zarówno posiadana wiedza jak i doświadczenia zdobyte pod- czas wizyty studyjnej zrodzą nieoczekiwane, ciekawe pomysły, które przelane na papier zilustrują sposób myślenia o wydarzeniach lat 1989 i 1991. Liczymy, że przytoczone artykuły pozwolą Wam na nowo zobaczyć Białoruś i odkryć zainteresowania dziennikarzy i młodych uczestników debaty publicznej. Na zakończenie pragniemy podziękować wszystkim osobom, które w sposób bezpośredni lub pośredni przyczyniły się do powstania tej publikacji. Szczegól- ne podziękowania należą się Ministerstwu Spraw Zagranicznych RP oraz Kon- sulatom w Brześciu, Grodnie, Mińsku i Moskwie. Bez pomocy tych ostatnich nie byłoby możliwe szybkie przebrnięcie przez procedurę wizową. Pragniemy Podziękować ekspertom MSZ RP, którzy zechcieli zaprezentować cele polskiej polityki zagranicznej w odniesieniu do Wschodu, a w szczególności Inicjatywę Partnerstwa Wschodniego. Podziękowanie kieruję również na ręce Szefa Kan- celarii Prezydenta RP, który umożliwił spotkanie naszych gości w Pałacu Pre- zydenckim. Podziękowania należą się również posłom, ekspertom i dziennikarzom, któ- rzy służyli swoją radą i doświadczeniem. Życzymy przyjemnej i pouczającej lektury! Wojciech Borodzicz-Smoliński, Centrum Stosunków Międzynarodowych, Andruś Klikunou, www.belarus-live.eu 4 Polska ’89 – Białoruś ’91: zmiany nierównoległe. Wybór artykułów Dear readers! Dear friends! The year of 1989 was a crucial period of time for Poland, just like the year of 1991 was a turning point for Belarus. These two borderlines are united with the changes they caused on the politi- cal map of the world. The “Round Table”and the election to the Sejm took place in Poland in 1989. These events reflected the existing public expectations in the country. The changes in Poland gave another impulse to breaking the Berlin Wall. The Polish events were highly important, since both the government and the opposition manifested the possibility of holding peaceful negotiations, introducing the free market econ- omy, and upgrading the fixed assets. Also, they showed the possibility of demo- cratic voting and election of democratic government, the society was waiting for. The year of 1991 brought independence to Belarus. Also, it was the year of for- mal collapse of the Soviet Union. Since December 26, 1991, feeling quite bewil- dered in the new situation, just as all other former Soviet Republics, Belarus start- ed building up its position on the international stage as a sovereign international entity. These two important events in the history of Poland and Belarus impelled us to learn how the Belarusian people recollect that period of time in the past on the 20th anniversary of the “Round Table” meeting in Poland. Also, it was inter- esting to learn if the Belarusians are satisfied with the changes in their country and whether they realize the meaning of the events at the turn of 1980-ies and the beginning of 1990-ies for themselves as well as for Europe and the world. It was decided to announce a journalist contest for the media workers, who contribute articles and reports to different media outlets, exising in Belarus. The contest winners were invited to Poland. The group of journalists had an opportunity of meeting a number of Polish political leaders, EP deputies as well as official representatitves from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Poland. Moreover, the journalists had a possibility to hold a discussion with a Coun- cillor to the President of Poland and visit the Presidential Palace in Warsaw. The project organizers didn’t intend to show an ideal image of troubleless Poland. The general idea was to show the real Poland and the way it has passed since 1989. Actually, the Poles have hardly anything to be ashamed of, including certain errors in the implemented reforms, within the considered period. It should be un- derscored that only those people are never mistaken, who don’t do anything at all. The project initiators believed that the Belarusian journalists would acquire valuable knowledge about the Polish experience in the fields of foreign and eco- nomic policy etc. Also, it was anticipated that the Belarusian journalists would Poland ’89 – Belarus ’91: Non-equivalent Changes. Collection of articles 5 be able to enrich their knowledge about the European Union and the Eastern Partnership initiative due to their participation in the program. The project organizers intended to give the participants an idea of starting discussions on the issue of changes that take place in the Polish and Belarusian public life. The project results were encouraging and highly satisfactory. Several dozen articles appeared due to the participants’ visit and discussions in Warsaw. You can find the journalists’ articles, dedicated to the political, social, edu- cational, regional, and international problematic in the book. All of them are united with particular attention to the changes in Poland and Belarus that have taken place within the recent 20 years. The authors weren’t hinted the topics for their articles. The project organizers believed that the participants’ initial exper- tise as well as the experience, obtained due to their participation
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