Transcript of “How Technology Will Help You Live Longer with Christine Peterson”
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FROM LONGITUDE to ALTITUDE: INDUCEMENT PRIZE CONTESTS AS INSTRUMENTS of PUBLIC POLICY in SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY Clayton Stallbau
FROM LONGITUDE TO ALTITUDE: INDUCEMENT PRIZE CONTESTS AS INSTRUMENTS OF PUBLIC POLICY IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Clayton Stallbaumer* I. INTRODUCTION On a foggy October night in 1707, a fleet of Royal Navy warships ran aground on the Isles of Scilly, some twenty miles southwest of England.1 Believing themselves to be safely west of any navigational hazards, two thousand sailors discovered too late that they had fatally misjudged their position.2 Although the search for an accurate method to determine longitude had bedeviled Europe for several centuries, the “sudden loss of so many lives, so many ships, and so much honor all at once” elevated the discovery of a solution to a top national priority in England.3 In 1714, Parliament issued the Longitude Act,4 promising as much as £20,0005 for a “Practicable and Useful” method of determining longitude at sea; fifty-nine years later, clockmaker John Harrison claimed the prize.6 Nearly three centuries after the fleet’s tragic demise, another accident, also fatal but far removed from longitude’s terrestrial reach, struck a nation deeply. Just four days after its crew observed a moment’s silence in memory of the Challenger astronauts, the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated upon reentry, killing all on board.7 Although * J.D., University of Illinois College of Law, 2006; M.B.A., University of Illinois College of Business, 2006; B.A., Economics, B.A., History, Lake Forest College, 2001. 1. DAVA SOBEL, LONGITUDE: THE TRUE STORY OF A LONE GENIUS WHO SOLVED THE GREATEST SCIENTIFIC PROBLEM OF HIS TIME 12 (1995). -
And Transhumanism Robert Ranisch & Stefan Lorenz Sorgner Scientific and Technological Advances Have Questioned Predominant Doctrines Concerning the Human Condition
Introducing Post- and Transhumanism Robert Ranisch & Stefan Lorenz Sorgner Scientific and technological advances have questioned predominant doctrines concerning the human condition. Transhumanism and posthumanism are among the most recent and prominent manifestations of this phenomenon. Debates on trans- and posthumanism have not only gained a considerable amount of aca- demic and popular attention recently, but have also created a widespread con- ceptual confusion. This is no surprise, considering their recent dates of origin, their conceptual similarities, and their engagements with similar questions, top- ics, and motifs. Furthermore, trans- as well as posthumanism frequently question their relationship to humanism1 and reconsider what it means to be human. In this regard both movements are streaming beyond humanism. What this means, however, is far from clear and shall be subject of discussion in this volume. In order to make sense of these two approaches and to investigate their inter- relationship, a clarification of these concepts is necessary. As a first approxima- tion, transhumanism can be seen as a stance that affirms the radical transfor- mation of human’s biological capacities and social conditions by means of tech- 1 We will not be able to address the complex histories and varieties of humanism in this chapter. Yet, the following must be noted: The word “humanism” (Humanismus) was coined in 1808 by the German theologian and philosopher Friedrich I. Niethammer in the context of educational curricula, as it is derived from the Latin word humanitas. This word has a variety of meaning but has strongly been identified with the Greek word paideia (παιδεία), e.g., i.) in Cicero’s De Oratore (I, 71) the meaning of the concept hu- manitas corresponds to that of the concept paideia; ii.) in the text Noctes Acticae (XIII, 17) by the Latin author Aulus Gellius, who lived in the 2nd century, an explicit identifi- cation of paideia and humanitas can be found. -
Ÿþc R Y O N I C S M a G a Z I N E , Q 1 2 0
2007 RECAP 1st Quarter 2008 • Volume 29:1 2007 ANnual Review page 5 Member Profile: Wes Du Charme page 3 7th Alcor Conference Recap page 13 Cryonics and Religion: Friends or Foes? page 19 INSIDE CRYONICS 2 From the Editor 1ST QUARTER 2008 • VOLUME 29:1 19 Cryonics and Religion: Friends or Foes? The cryonics community recognizes the importance and challenge of being 1st Quarter 2008 • Volume 29:1 understood by the general 2007 RECAP public. Religion plays a sub- Cover shows opening reception stantial role in our diverse at the 7th Alcor conference. 2007 ANnual society and may seem to Review Photo by Brian Harris. page 5 some to be at odds with many facets of scientific COVER STORY: PAGE 5 advancement. Meet one theologian who feels the 2007 Annual Review: Today, over ultimate success of cryonics 850page people 3 in the world rely on the is contingent upon the sup- Member Profile: Wes Du CharmeAlcor Life Extension Foundation for Recap port of more than just great Conferencecryopreservation page 13 services. Enrich your 7th Alcor scientific minds. understanding of present-day clinical advancements with the potential to CryonicsFriends and Religion: or Foes?page 19 significantly benefit Alcor’s growing 22 Book Review: Ending membership base in years to come. Aging Likened to a good detective novel, Ending Aging allures the reader into a real- life tale of the mysteries of aging. The author, Dr. 3 Member Profile: Wes Du Charme Aubrey de Grey, has been Wes Du Charme – psychologist, author and barber shop quartet the center of controversy singer – celebrates his thirteenth year as an Alcor member in since proposing a systematic June 2008. -
Ray Kurzweil Reader Pdf 6-20-03
Acknowledgements The essays in this collection were published on KurzweilAI.net during 2001-2003, and have benefited from the devoted efforts of the KurzweilAI.net editorial team. Our team includes Amara D. Angelica, editor; Nanda Barker-Hook, editorial projects manager; Sarah Black, associate editor; Emily Brown, editorial assistant; and Celia Black-Brooks, graphics design manager and vice president of business development. Also providing technical and administrative support to KurzweilAI.net are Ken Linde, systems manager; Matt Bridges, lead software developer; Aaron Kleiner, chief operating and financial officer; Zoux, sound engineer and music consultant; Toshi Hoo, video engineering and videography consultant; Denise Scutellaro, accounting manager; Joan Walsh, accounting supervisor; Maria Ellis, accounting assistant; and Don Gonson, strategic advisor. —Ray Kurzweil, Editor-in-Chief TABLE OF CONTENTS LIVING FOREVER 1 Is immortality coming in your lifetime? Medical Advances, genetic engineering, cell and tissue engineering, rational drug design and other advances offer tantalizing promises. This section will look at the possibilities. Human Body Version 2.0 3 In the coming decades, a radical upgrading of our body's physical and mental systems, already underway, will use nanobots to augment and ultimately replace our organs. We already know how to prevent most degenerative disease through nutrition and supplementation; this will be a bridge to the emerging biotechnology revolution, which in turn will be a bridge to the nanotechnology revolution. By 2030, reverse-engineering of the human brain will have been completed and nonbiological intelligence will merge with our biological brains. Human Cloning is the Least Interesting Application of Cloning Technology 14 Cloning is an extremely important technology—not for cloning humans but for life extension: therapeutic cloning of one's own organs, creating new tissues to replace defective tissues or organs, or replacing one's organs and tissues with their "young" telomere-extended replacements without surgery. -
Global Challenges Foundation
Artificial Extreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid Intelligence Climate Change Global Governance Pandemic Collapse Impact Artificial Extreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid Global Intelligence Climate Change Global Governance Pandemic Collapse Impact Ecological Nanotechnology Nuclear War Super-volcano Synthetic Unknown Challenges Catastrophe Biology Consequences Artificial Extreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid Ecological NanotechnologyIntelligence NuclearClimate WarChange Super-volcanoGlobal Governance PandemicSynthetic UnknownCollapse Impact Risks that threaten Catastrophe Biology Consequences humanArtificial civilisationExtreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid 12 Intelligence Climate Change Global Governance Pandemic Collapse Impact Ecological Nanotechnology Nuclear War Super-volcano Synthetic Unknown Catastrophe Biology Consequences Ecological Nanotechnology Nuclear War Super-volcano Synthetic Unknown Catastrophe Biology Consequences Artificial Extreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid Intelligence Climate Change Global Governance Pandemic Collapse Impact Artificial Extreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid Intelligence Climate Change Global Governance Pandemic Collapse Impact Artificial Extreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid Intelligence Climate Change Global Governance Pandemic Collapse Impact Artificial Extreme Future Bad Global Global System Major Asteroid IntelligenceEcological ClimateNanotechnology Change NuclearGlobal Governance -
Transhumanism
T ranshumanism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=T ranshum... Transhumanism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia See also: Outline of transhumanism Transhumanism is an international Part of Ideology series on intellectual and cultural movement supporting Transhumanism the use of science and technology to improve human mental and physical characteristics Ideologies and capacities. The movement regards aspects Abolitionism of the human condition, such as disability, Democratic transhumanism suffering, disease, aging, and involuntary Extropianism death as unnecessary and undesirable. Immortalism Transhumanists look to biotechnologies and Libertarian transhumanism other emerging technologies for these Postgenderism purposes. Dangers, as well as benefits, are Singularitarianism also of concern to the transhumanist Technogaianism [1] movement. Related articles The term "transhumanism" is symbolized by Transhumanism in fiction H+ or h+ and is often used as a synonym for Transhumanist art "human enhancement".[2] Although the first known use of the term dates from 1957, the Organizations contemporary meaning is a product of the 1980s when futurists in the United States Applied Foresight Network Alcor Life Extension Foundation began to organize what has since grown into American Cryonics Society the transhumanist movement. Transhumanist Cryonics Institute thinkers predict that human beings may Foresight Institute eventually be able to transform themselves Humanity+ into beings with such greatly expanded Immortality Institute abilities as to merit the label "posthuman".[1] Singularity Institute for Artificial Intelligence Transhumanism is therefore sometimes Transhumanism Portal · referred to as "posthumanism" or a form of transformational activism influenced by posthumanist ideals.[3] The transhumanist vision of a transformed future humanity has attracted many supporters and detractors from a wide range of perspectives. -
The Singularity and Human Destiny by Patrick Tucker, Assistant Editor, the FUTURIST
The Singularity and Human Destiny by Patrick Tucker, Assistant Editor, THE FUTURIST In 1949, several decades before the birth of the Thomas Moore’s Utopia and Christopher PC, computer scientist John von Neumann an- Marlow’s Doctor Faustus, but according to Ray nounced, “It would appear we have reached the Kurzweil it is our real and fast-approaching limits of what is possible to achieve with com- future. It will come about as the result of an ex- puter technology.” He quickly and prudently plosion in our technological abilities. We will in- added, “One should be careful with such state- corporate more computer-based processes into ments; they tend to sound pretty silly in five our biological functioning until we transcend years.” our crude, earthly bodies entirely and become More than half a century later, it is Neumann’s machine-based, virtually immortal. This coming caveat rather than his prediction that is borne out period of rapid technological progress and its daily. Our computer intelligence is growing at an miraculous effects will occur within the next 50 ever-quickening pace, surpassed only by our de- years and is what Kurzweil refers to as the pendence on computer technology. For many of Singularity. us, computers and computer-based devices have The concept is both startling and optimistic, become not so much tools as appendages, third but it immediately provokes certain philosophi- arms that are integral to our lives, cumbersome on cal concerns. If nanotechnology allows us to occasion, and increasingly willful. This begs the create any object, will any object ever again be obvious question: If computer power advances be- valuable? What role will responsibility, temper- yond our control, how will that change us? ance, and discipline play in a world where any In his most recent book, The Singularity Is Near, urge can be gratified at almost the same moment author and inventor Ray Kurzweil provides us it is felt? What will pass for morality when there with a clue. -
Intelligence Explosion Microeconomics
MIRI MACHINE INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Intelligence Explosion Microeconomics Eliezer Yudkowsky Machine Intelligence Research Institute Abstract I. J. Good’s thesis of the “intelligence explosion” states that a sufficiently advanced ma- chine intelligence could build a smarter version of itself, which could in turn build an even smarter version, and that this process could continue to the point of vastly exceeding human intelligence. As Sandberg (2010) correctly notes, there have been several attempts to lay down return on investment formulas intended to represent sharp speedups in economic or technological growth, but very little attempt has been made to deal formally with Good’s intelligence explosion thesis as such. I identify the key issue as returns on cognitive reinvestment—the ability to invest more computing power, faster computers, or improved cognitive algorithms to yield cognitive labor which produces larger brains, faster brains, or better mind designs. There are many phenomena in the world which have been argued to be evidentially relevant to this question, from the observed course of hominid evolution, to Moore’s Law, to the competence over time of machine chess-playing systems, and many more. I go into some depth on some debates which then arise on how to interpret such evidence. I propose that the next step in analyzing positions on the intelligence explosion would be to for- malize return on investment curves, so that each stance can formally state which possible microfoundations they hold to be falsified by historical observations. More generally, Yudkowsky, Eliezer. 2013. Intelligence Explosion Microeconomics. Technical report 2013-1. Berkeley, CA: Machine Intelligence Research Institute. -
Nanotechnology K
• Table of Contents • cen-chemjobs.org • Today's Headlines December 1, 2003 • Cover Story Volume 81, Number 48 CENEAR 81 48 pp. 37-42 • Editor's Page ISSN 0009-2347 Search • Business Advanced • Government & Policy Options • Science & Technology Related People • ACS News • Calendars NANOTECHNOLOGY K. Eric Drexler • Books Drexler and Smalley make the case for and against Richard E. Smalley • Career & Employment 'molecular assemblers' • Special Reports Related Books • Nanotechnology RUDY BAUM Engines of Creation: • What's That Stuff? The Coming Era of Nanotechnology by K. Back Issues Eric Drexler 2003 Go! Prey by Michael Crichton Safety Letters Chemcyclopedia Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and ACS Members can sign up to Computation by K. Eric receive C&EN e-mail Drexler newsletter. E-mail this article to a friend Print this article PHOTO BY RUDY BAUM PHOTO BY LINDA CICERO E-mail the OPEN DEBATE Rice University's Smalley (left) takes editor issue with mechanosynthesis and molecular manufacturing Join ACS as set forth by Foresight Institute's Drexler. In this C&EN exclusive "Point-Counterpoint," two of nanotechnology's biggest advocates square off on a fundamental question that will dramatically affect the future development of this field. Are "molecular assemblers"-- devices capable of positioning atoms and molecules for precisely defined reactions in almost any environment-- physically possible? In his landmark 1986 book, "Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology," K. Eric Drexler envisioned a world utterly transformed by such assemblers. They would be able to build anything with absolute precision and no pollution. They would confer something approaching immortality. They would enable the colonization of the solar system. -
Uncontrollability of Artificial Intelligence
Uncontrollability of Artificial Intelligence Roman V. Yampolskiy Computer Science and Engineering, University of Louisville [email protected] Abstract means. However, it is a standard practice in computer sci- ence to first show that a problem doesn’t belong to a class Invention of artificial general intelligence is pre- of unsolvable problems [Turing, 1936; Davis, 2004] before dicted to cause a shift in the trajectory of human civ- investing resources into trying to solve it or deciding what ilization. In order to reap the benefits and avoid pit- approaches to try. Unfortunately, to the best of our falls of such powerful technology it is important to be knowledge no mathematical proof or even rigorous argu- able to control it. However, possibility of controlling mentation has been published demonstrating that the AI artificial general intelligence and its more advanced control problem may be solvable, even in principle, much version, superintelligence, has not been formally es- less in practice. tablished. In this paper we argue that advanced AI Yudkowsky considers the possibility that the control can’t be fully controlled. Consequences of uncontrol- problem is not solvable, but correctly insists that we should lability of AI are discussed with respect to future of study the problem in great detail before accepting such grave humanity and research on AI, and AI safety and se- limitation, he writes: “One common reaction I encounter is curity. for people to immediately declare that Friendly AI is an im- 1 possibility, because any sufficiently powerful AI will be 1 Introduction able to modify its own source code to break any constraints The unprecedented progress in Artificial Intelligence (AI) placed upon it. -
Information Hazards: a Typology of Potential Harms from Knowledge
Information Hazards: A Typology of Potential Harms from Knowledge Nick Bostrom Faculty of Philosophy & Oxford Martin School Oxford University [Published in Review of Contemporary Philosophy, Vol. 10 (2011): pp. 44-79] www.nickbostrom.com Abstract Information hazards are risks that arise from the dissemination or the potential dissemination of true information that may cause harm or enable some agent to cause harm. Such hazards are often subtler than direct physical threats, and, as a consequence, are easily overlooked. They can, however, be important. This paper surveys the terrain and proposes a taxonomy. 1. Introduction There is, these days, a commonly held presumption in favor of knowledge, truth, and the uncovering and dissemination of information. It is rare to find somebody who self-identifies as an obscurantist or who openly espouses obscurantism as a legitimate policy instrument of wide utility. Even reactionaries rarely object to this general favoring of information. Consider some particularly intransigent creationist who opposes the teaching of evolution theory in public schools. He does not constitute a counterexample. For he does not believe that evolution theory is a truth to be concealed. Rather, he believes evolution theory an error that ought to be replaced with more accurate information. Therefore, although he happens unwittingly to stand in the way of truth, he need not disagree with the claim that the truth should be promoted. The creationist, too, is a truth- lover, albeit one whose affections are unreciprocated. Although nobody makes a brief for ignorance generally, there are many special cases in which ignorance is cultivated—in order, for example, to protect national security, sexual innocence, jury impartiality; to preserve anonymity for patients, clients, reviewers, and voters; to create suspense in films and novels; to protect trade secrets; to measure the placebo effect and avoid various - 1 - research biases; and to create mental challenges for gaming and study. -
Resources on Existential Risk
Resources on Existential Risk For: Catastrophic Risk: Technologies and Policies Berkman Center for Internet and Society Harvard University Bruce Schneier, Instructor Fall 2015 Contents General Scholarly Discussion of Existential Risk ....................................................................................... 1 Nick Bostrom (Mar 2002), "Existential risks: Analyzing human extinction scenarios and related hazards." ................................................................................................................................... 1 Jason Matheney (Oct 2007), "Reducing the risk of human extinction." ............................................... 2 Nick Bostrom and Milan Ćirković (2008), "Introduction." .................................................................... 3 Anders Sandberg and Nick Bostrom (5 Dec 2008), “Global catastrophic risks survey.” ....................... 5 Nick Bostrom (2009), "The future of humanity." .................................................................................. 6 Nick Bostrom (Feb 2013), "Existential risk prevention as global priority." ........................................... 7 Kira Matus (25 Nov 2014), "Existential risk: challenges for risk regulation." ....................................... 7 Seth Baum (Dec 2014), "The great downside dilemma for risky emerging technologies." ................ 10 Dennis Pamlin and Stuart Armstrong (19 Feb 2015), "Twelve risks that threaten human civilisation: The case for a new risk category." ..................................................................................