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Global Journal of Human Social Science Online ISSN : 2249-460X Print ISSN : 0975-587X DOI : 10.17406/GJHSS Water-MediatedNutrientsExport PoliticalRestructuringinNigeria IncidenceontheSelf-Regulation PreventionofTobaccoinAdolescents VOLUME18ISSUE5VERSION1.0 Global Journal of Human-Social Science: F Political Science Global Journal of Human-Social Science: F Political Science Volume 18 Issue 5 (Ver. 1.0) Open Association of Research Society Global Journals Inc. *OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ (A Delaware USA Incorporation with “Good Standing”; Reg. Number: 0423089) Social Sciences. 2018. Sponsors:Open Association of Research Society Open Scientific Standards $OOULJKWVUHVHUYHG 7KLVLVDVSHFLDOLVVXHSXEOLVKHGLQYHUVLRQ Publisher’s Headquarters office RI³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 6FLHQFHV´%\*OREDO-RXUQDOV,QF Global Journals ® Headquarters $OODUWLFOHVDUHRSHQDFFHVVDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWHG XQGHU³*OREDO-RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO 945th Concord Streets, 6FLHQFHV´ Framingham Massachusetts Pin: 01701, 5HDGLQJ/LFHQVHZKLFKSHUPLWVUHVWULFWHGXVH United States of America (QWLUHFRQWHQWVDUHFRS\ULJKWE\RI³*OREDO -RXUQDORI+XPDQ6RFLDO6FLHQFHV´XQOHVV USA Toll Free: +001-888-839-7392 RWKHUZLVHQRWHGRQVSHFLILFDUWLFOHV USA Toll Free Fax: +001-888-839-7392 1RSDUWRIWKLVSXEOLFDWLRQPD\EHUHSURGXFHG Offset Typesetting RUWUDQVPLWWHGLQDQ\IRUPRUE\DQ\PHDQV HOHFWURQLFRUPHFKDQLFDOLQFOXGLQJ SKRWRFRS\UHFRUGLQJRUDQ\LQIRUPDWLRQ G lobal Journals Incorporated VWRUDJHDQGUHWULHYDOV\VWHPZLWKRXWZULWWHQ 2nd, Lansdowne, Lansdowne Rd., Croydon-Surrey, SHUPLVVLRQ Pin: CR9 2ER, United Kingdom 7KHRSLQLRQVDQGVWDWHPHQWVPDGHLQWKLV ERRNDUHWKRVHRIWKHDXWKRUVFRQFHUQHG 8OWUDFXOWXUHKDVQRWYHULILHGDQGQHLWKHU Packaging & Continental Dispatching FRQILUPVQRUGHQLHVDQ\RIWKHIRUHJRLQJDQG QRZDUUDQW\RUILWQHVVLVLPSOLHG Global Journals Pvt Ltd (QJDJHZLWKWKHFRQWHQWVKHUHLQDW\RXURZQ E-3130 Sudama Nagar, Near Gopur Square, ULVN Indore, M.P., Pin:452009, India 7KHXVHRIWKLVMRXUQDODQGWKHWHUPVDQG FRQGLWLRQVIRURXUSURYLGLQJLQIRUPDWLRQLV JRYHUQHGE\RXU'LVFODLPHU7HUPVDQG Find a correspondence nodal officer near you &RQGLWLRQVDQG3ULYDF\3ROLF\JLYHQRQRXU ZHEVLWHKWWSJOREDOMRXUQDOVus WHUPVDQG FRQGLWLRQPHQXLG1463/ To find nodal officer of your country, please email us at [email protected] %\UHIHUULQJXVLQJUHDGLQJDQ\W\SHRI DVVRFLDWLRQUHIHUHQFLQJWKLVMRXUQDOWKLV VLJQLILHVDQG\RXDFNQRZOHGJHWKDW\RXKDYH eContacts UHDGWKHPDQGWKDW\RXDFFHSWDQGZLOOEH ERXQGE\WKHWHUPVWKHUHRI Press Inquiries: [email protected] $OOLQIRUPDWLRQMRXUQDOVWKLVMRXUQDO DFWLYLWLHVXQGHUWDNHQPDWHULDOVVHUYLFHVDQG Investor Inquiries: [email protected] RXUZHEVLWHWHUPVDQGFRQGLWLRQVSULYDF\ Technical Support: [email protected] SROLF\DQGWKLVMRXUQDOLVVXEMHFWWRFKDQJH DQ\WLPHZLWKRXWDQ\SULRUQRWLFH Media & Releases: [email protected] Incorporation No.: 0423089 License No.: 42125/022010/1186 Registration No.: 430374 Import-Export Code: 1109007027 Pricing (E xcluding Air Parcel Charges): Employer Identification Number (EIN): USA Tax ID: 98-0673427 Yearly Subscription (Personal & Institutional) 250 USD (B/W) & 350 USD (Color) Editorial Board Global Journal of Human Social -Science Dr. Prasad V Bidarkota Dr. Periklis Gogas Ph.D., Associate Professor Department of Economics Department of Economics, Florida International University Democritus University of Thrace USA Ph.D., Department of Economics, University of Calgary, Canada Dr. Giaime Berti Dr. Stephen E. Haggerty Ph.D. Ph.D. Geology & Geophysics, School of Economics and Management University of London University of Florence, Italy Associate Professor University of Massachusetts, USA Dr. Gisela Steins Dr. Edward C. Hoang, Ph.D. Psychology, University of Bielefeld, Germany Ph.D., Professor, General and Social Psychology, University of Department of Economics, Duisburg-Essen, Germany University of Colorado USA Dr. Rita Mano Dr. Valerie Zawilski Ph.D. Rand Corporation and University of California, Associate Professor, Los Angeles, USA Ph.D. - University of Toronto Dep. of Human Services, MA - O ntario Institute for Studies in Education University of Haifa Dr. Heying Jenny Zhan Dr. Bruce Cronin B.A., M.A., Ph.D. Sociology, University of Kansas, USA B.A., M.A., Ph.D. in Political Science, Columbia University Department of Sociology Professor, City College of New York, US Georgia State University, US Dr. Adrian Armstrong Dr. Danielle Riverin-Simard BSc Geography, LSE, 1970 B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Cognitive training, University Laval, Ph.D. Geography (Geomorphology) Canada Kings College London 1980 Professor Emeritus of Education and Educational Ordained Priest, Church of England 1988 Psychology, Taunton, Somerset, Laval University, Canada United Kingdom Dr. Arturo Diaz Suarez Dr. Raymond K. H. Chan Ed.D., Ph.D. in Physical Education Ph.D., Sociology, University of Essex, UK Professor at University of Murcia, Spain Associate Professor City University of Hong Kong, China Dr. Kaneko Mamoru Dr. Luisa dall’Acqua Ph.D., Tokyo Institute of Technology Ph.D. in Sociology (Decisional Risk sector), Structural Engineering Master MU2, College Teacher in Philosophy (Italy), Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda Edu-Research Group, Zürich/Lugano University, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Hugo Nami Dr. Helmut Digel Ph.D.in Anthropological Sciences, Ph.D. University of Tübingen, Germany Universidad of Buenos Aires, Argentina, Honorary President of German Athletic Federation (DLV), University of Buenos Aires, Argentina Germany Dr. Vesna Stanković Pejnović Dr. Tao Yang Ph. D. Philospohy Ohio State University Zagreb, Croatia M.S. Kansas State University Rusveltova, SkopjeMacedonia B.E. Zhejiang University Dr. Alis Puteh Dr. Asunción López- Varela Ph.D. (Edu.Policy) UUM BA, MA (Hons), Ph.D. (Hons) Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia Facultad de Filología. M.Ed (Curr. & Inst.) Universidad Complutense Madrid University of Houston, US 29040 Madrid Spain Dr. Thierry Feuillet Dr. Mohd Hairy Géolittomer – LETG UMR 6554 CNRS Mohd Hairy, PhD (Urban Climate), Masters (Université de Nantes) (Environmental Management) Institut de Géographie et d’Aménagement (National University of Malaysia) Régional de l’Université de Nantes. & Degree In Geography (Hons), Chemin de la Censive du Tertre – BP University Malaya, Malaysia. Rodez Contents of the Issue i. Copyright Notice ii. Editorial Board Members iii. Chief Author and Dean iv. Contents of the Issue 1. Procedures used in Developing and Validating the Quality of Life Scale in the Context of the Ethno-Political Conflicts in Mathare and Kibra, Nairobi City County-Kenya. 1-8 2. The Pitfalls of Unilateralism: The United States in Syria. 9-17 3. Political Restructuring in Nigeria: The Need, Challenges and Prospects. 19-33 4. Is Nigeria a Failed State? A Commentary on the Boko Haram Insurgency. 35 -38 5. Land Conflicts and Violence in the Brazilian Amazon Region. 39-43 v. Fellows vi. Auxiliary Memberships vii. Preferred Author Guidelines viii. Index Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: F Political Science Volume 18 Issue 5 Version 1.0 Year 2018 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Procedures used in Developing and Validating the Quality of Life Scale in the Context of the Ethno-Political Conflicts in Mathare and Kibra, Nairobi City County-Kenya By Justus Musya Flores University Introduction- The proper place to begin any analysis on ethnic conflicts is the partisan governance systems in which ruling elite favour some ethnic groups at the expense of others. Since the 1960s, the national executive in Kenya has had the exclusive power to grant or deny economic resources to ethnic groups that were deemed to be disloyal (Murithi, 1997). The Kenyatta Government (1963-1978) applied this political ideology towards the Luo Community and the Moi Government (1978-2002) marginalised the Kikuyu community (Laaksol, 2007; CIPEV, 2008). The discriminatory allocation of resources by the executive influenced a heightened sense of ethnic consciousness among ethnic communities. Even with the return of multi-party politics, ethnic groups that perceived themselves as the out-group sought to win over state power to enable a fairer distribution of public goods and service (Alesina & Ferreira, 2004).This political culture occasioned the in-group and out-group mentality in politics and socio-and economic phenomenon. GJHSS-F Classification: FOR Code: 950407, 950406 ProceduresusedinDevelopingandValidatingtheQualityofLifeScaleintheContextoftheEthnoPoliticalConflictsinMathareandKibraNairobiCityCountyKenya Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2018. Justus Musya. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Procedures used in Developing and Validating the Quality of Life Scale in the Context of the Ethno-Political Conflicts in Mathare and Kibra, Nairobi City County-Kenya Justus Musya I. Introduction t heir backward circumstances to their political affiliations (Shilloh, 2008). Political elites have used such 2018 he proper place to begin any analysis on ethnic socio-economic imbalances or quality of life differences ear conflicts is the partisan governance systems in as campaign platforms on which to engage in legitimate Y which ruling elite favour some ethnic groups at the T and illegitimate forms of political action. For instance, 1 expense of others. Since the 1960s, the national statements by politicians,
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