Mileva Maric, an unfulfilled career in science Matthias Tomczak* * School of the Environment, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 500,
[email protected] The following abbreviations are used: Collected Papers, Albert Einstein, Anna Beck, Peter Havas: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, vol. 1: The Early Years, 1879–1902, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987; ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule; VFW, Verein Feminist. Wiss. Schweiz: Ebenso neu als kühn: 120 Jahre Frauenstudium an der Universität Zürich. Schriftenreihe Feministische Wissenschaft Bd. 1, 1988. ABSTRACT In 1990 a controversy developed, and continued into the next decade, about the role of Einstein’s first wife Mileva Maric in Einstein’s work. This article does not specifically address the controversy but takes it as a starting point to ask whether Maric could have had a career of her own in science and what prevented her from reaching it. Particular focus is placed on the influence of society’s norms and expectations on individual behaviour. Maric showed extraordinary promise as a mathematician. Encouraged by a supportive university environment she overcame all hurdles faced by women of the 19th century who wanted to enter an academic career; every step of her student career gives cause to believe that she would have had a successful science career would she not have met Einstein. Her unconditional love for Einstein caused her to divert her energy towards intellectual support of her husband, neglecting her own work. Einstein, who had internalised the social norm that women belong in the kitchen, made use of her mathematical abilities but did not support his wife in developing her potential further; he was the instrument of society that prevented Maric from fulfilling her career hopes.