VOLUME 22 I NUMBER 2 I SUMMER 2000

MJCHJGAN SEA GRA NT COLLEGE PROGR ARCHIVES

Dive Into History MICHIGAN NAMES TENTH UNDERWATER PRESERVE Autumn of 1887 was a dangerous time to be on Lake Michigan.

A violent October storm caught two ships off guard. The two-masted schooner Havana foundered and sank just short of the harbor at St. Joseph. The same storm hit the schooner City of Green Bay, driving the ship ashore near South Haven and leaving only one survivor.

Today, both wrecks lie at the bottom of southern Lake Michigan. The wrecks are two of the dive sites in the new Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve. The preserve was officiallydesignated on Nov. 11, 1999 and is Michigan's tenth.

The initiativeto seek designationbegan several years ago when former curator Ken Pott of the Michigan Maritime Museum in South Haven and several local divers recognized the significance of the area's underwater resources and formedthe Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve Committee. With assistance fromMichigan Sea Grant, committee members submitted a proposal fordesignation to the State of Michigan in 1991. Michigan Sea Grant has been instrumental in helping coastal communities establish and promote underwater preserves since 1980.

The Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve extends along the Lake Michigan shoreline from approximately the Indiana border to just north of Holland, Michigan.

' An 1890JJchooner Shipwrecks make up six of the 12 dive sites. In addition to the Havana and City of built in Wisconsin. (Photo courtesyof the GreenBay, divers can explore the remains of the schooner Rockaway (found acciden­ Michigan Maritime tally by fishermen in 1983), a 1925 yacht, the Verano, and a crane and barge, among Museum.) other wrecks. The preserve features other types of dives as well.

"There's not only shipwrecks but lots of geological features and historic piers," said committee represen• tative and scuba diver Valerie van Heest. Divers in the area of St. Joseph, for instance, will discover the WHAT'S INSIDE ... Grand Mere Rock Outcropping-a geological formation that runs parallel to the coast for approximately a mile. Another unique area, the John Butler Johnson II Claybanks, features a series of high ridges and Exotics on Board deep valleys that were once thought to be debris froma shipwreck.

Ruffe: Aging Exotic Varietyis an attraction, but the Southwest Preserve is also unique, said van Heest, because it is associated with several communities. Its boundaries encompass New Buffalo, St. Joseph, Benton Harbor, Great Lakes Water Levels Reach Near-Record Lows South Haven, Douglas, Saugatauk and Holland. Numerous launch points provide easy access for divers. Dives range from beginner to advanced, and some sites can be accessed from shore. The Preserve Committee, made up of 50 volunteers, marks some of the dive sites with buoys during the summer.

For more fnformation about the preserve and its dive sites, visit www.swmup.o,yon the Web. several design issues of the backwash filtration Why Be Exotics on Board: Ballast Water system used by the Great Lakes Ballast Technol• ogy Demonstration Project aboard the M/V Concerned? Legislation Highlights Need for Action A/gonorth. (Another research project, led by Sea When ships move from port to port in the Great GrantDirector Russell Motl and funded by the Battle lines have been drawn in the fight to Lakes. Seven states and two Canadian provinces Lakes, it's "ecological roulette," according to Great Lakes Fishery Trust, is investigating the use prevent nonindigenous species from enteringthe border the Great Lakes in addition to Michigan. Canadian scientist Hugh Maclsaac of the ofthe biodde glutaraldehyde in treating ballast BALLAST WATER Great Lakes in the ballast water of ocean-going University of Windsor. Most organisms discharged water. Watch for a progress update in the next SYMPOSIUM RESULTS ships. State Senator Ken Sikkema {R-Grandville) "Exotic species do not respect state or national from ballast won't establish reproducing issue of Upwellings.) AVAILABLE introduced legislation in February that would boundaries,"commen ted one person who populations. But some will-and their presence testifiedin Monroe, emphasizing that nonnative regulate batlast discharge in Michigan's Great As researchers look forballast treatment in the Great Lakes can have profoundand lasting The Great Lakes Panel on species can arrivein any port and spread to the Lakes waters. methods, several important issues must be effects. Aquatic Nuisance Species has rest of the Great Lakes. Further, many believe considered including feasibility, safety, cost, released findingsand Five public hearings were held in February, March that if each state drafts its own legislation, "They change the natural history of our fish environmental impacts and biological effective­ recommendations associated and April to give supporters and opponents a standards will be complex and hard to enforce, communities that have evolved over thousands ness. with its 1999 symposium chance to voice opinions on the legislation. having a negative impact on the shipping and thousands of years," said Maclsaac. titled Ballast Water Manage­ Hearingswere held in Muskegon, Saginaw, industry. Balanced against these practical concerns, More than 140 nonindigenous species have ment and Aquatic Nuisance Traverse City, Sault Ste. Marieand Monroe, however, is the riskof new exotic species Species: Setting a Research (Continuing Senator Sikkema's legislative entered the Great Lakes in the last century, one• Michigan. entering the Great Lakes. Agenda forthe Great Lakes. momentum, U.S. Rep. Peter Hoekstra (R·Holland) third since 1960. Exotic fish such as ruffeand introduced similar ballast legislation in Congress "Everyday that passes without a to the round goby have reproducedquickly and have Symposium participants in April, which would apply basin-wide.) problem of polluted ballast water carries the now become more numerous than native species reviewed approaches potential of being the day we receive another in some harbors. to ballast water manage­ organism as damaging as the zebra mussel," said ment, assessed prospective NO SIMPLE ANSWER Other invasive species such as zebra mussels Michigan Sea Grant Extension Associate Mike technologies and manage• Ridding ballast water of nonnative fish and other have fundamentally altered the Great Lakes Klepinger, who serves as aquatic nuisance ment approaches, and organisms has been a serious problem for many ecosystem. Zebra mussels have replaced native species coordinator. "The risks caused by established associated years. Since the mid 1980s, ballast water has mussels in many areas, and their massive inaction are just too greatto ignore." research priorities. Using likely been responsible for bringing zebra filtering action has reduced phytoplankton. this input, Panel staff at the mussels, gobies, Eurasian ruffe, spiny water flea, Nutrients have shifted to bottom sediments, and Great Lakes Commission and most recently, the fishhook flea (Cercopagis WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? enhanced water clarity has stimulated growth of developed detailed findings pengoi) into the Great Lakes. Recently, the Michigan Department of Environ­ aquatic plants. Scientists are now investigating and recommendations related mental Quality convened a work group, involving the link between zebra mussels and the decline Currently, ocean-going vessels are required by to: Ballast Exchange; representatives from the shipping industryand in native bottom-dwelling organisms in southern federal law to exchange their ballast at sea, but NOBOBs; Evaluating Research "The vast majority, 99 percent, of the testimony others, to identifypractical steps that can be Lake Michigan. the procedure can be dangerous and may not Proposals; Pathogens in at the five public hearings [has confirmed that] taken within the next 12 months to limit ballast eliminate all organisms that are capable of Exotic species cost money as well. Keeping water Ballast Water; Ballast Water "The vast majority, 99 the next step has to be taken," said Sikkema, water introductions. The DEQ expects to use the surviving in the Great Lakes. Researchers in the intakes free of zebra musselsand controlling the Standards; Costs and "but there's disagreement about how that should information providedby the work group in U.S. and elsewhereare investigating methods of spread and impact of other exotics is an ongoing Economic Impacts; and percent, of the testimony at be done." discussions with the Council of Great Lakes cleaning up ballast water. battle that costs millions of dollars each year. Communication, Coordina­ Governors. The legislation would require that ballast water tion and Collaboration. the fivepublic hearings has Two new research projects funded by Michigan These and other complex problems illustrate the be sterilized before ships enter Michigan's Great In the meantime, Sikkema .and staff will review Sea Grant address ballast water issues. Research• importance of preventing exotic species from The full document is available Lakes waters and prohibit ships from discharging the testimony given at the five public hearings confirmed that the next step ers will investigate the economic impacts of enteringthe Great Lakes. online: ballast water in the state's Great Lakes waters held this springand decide what changes should potential nonindigenous species regulations on www.glc.org/anspubs.html without a permit from the Michigan Department be made to the initial draft of the ballast bill For more information on exoticspedes, visit the has to be taken, but there's Great Lakes shipping. They'll estimate the of Environmental Quality (DEQ). (Senate Bill 955). following web sites: economic costs of current and historical damage www.sgnis.org disagreement about how Supporters of the legislation have been frus­ {physical, biological, industrial, recreational, and According to a Sikkema legislative aide, the www.great-lakes.netjenvtjexotic/exotic.html trated with the failure of current federal law to ecosystem) to the Great Lakes caused by the Senate Natural Resources and Environmental www.glc.org/ans/anspanel.html that should be done." halt the introduction of exotic species. Oppo­ invasion of nonindigenous aquatic species. The AffairsCommittee may vote on a finaldraft www.deq.state.mi.us/oglj nents of the legislation also recognize the need study will also attempt to evaluate the costs and before summer recess. for action, but some believe a regional approach benefitsof adopting new prevention and control that includes Canada would be best for the Great technologies. A second project will explore JOYCE DANIELS

MICHIGAN SEA GRANT I upwelllngs-l 2 VOLUME 22 I NO. 21 SUMMER 2000 VOLUME 221 NO. 21 SUMMER2000 ) MICHIGAN SEA GRANT rupwellings) three winters. Melting snow supplies a signifi­ Lake Levels Reach cant amount of water to the lakes each spring. Eurasian Ruffe: Aging Exotic Near-Record Lows This year, snow in the Upper Peninsula had NUMBERS SURPRISINGLY HIGH melted by March. Meanwhile, lack of ice cover on IN SEVERAL HARBORS Interest in the Great Lakes reached a high point the lakes forthe last three winters enhanced When Eurasian ruffe were first discovered in However, the big concern, said Czypinski, is this spring as water levels continued to fall. evaporation, which accounts for several inches of Duluth Superior Harbor in 1986, scientists were Thunder Bay River in Lake Huron. Catch rates More than 200 people attended an April 8 public water loss each year. justifiably worried. The fish quickly colonized the were about 61 ruffe caught per hour bottom seminar in southeast Michigan to learn more Five man-made diversions on the Great Lakes harbor, numbering7 million at their peak. Today, trawling in 1998. This number increased more about fluctuating Great lakes water levels, which also affectwater levels. However, Gauthier said, a five-minute bottom trawl of the harbor yields than ten-fold one year later to nearly 700 ruffe have been falling since mid 1997. these structures regulate water flow in the range approximately 80 percent ruffe. caught per hour in bottom trawls. New Lake of inches and this is done with caution. "Any big Management change you make upstream will have disastrous Luckily, ruffe, which prefer turbid water, have RUFFE RESEARCH -:,. il:·-r: ) .. effects downstream," he noted. not spread throughout Lake Superior. But they Density of ruffe is a problem because they Plans ..,"' J have spread to some locations outside of Duluth­ compete with native fishfor food and habitat. A The U.S. Environmental WHAT'S IN STORE? Superior Harbor, and according to Gary Czypinski recent study funded by the Universityof Protection Agency (EPA) and This year, stream gauges in the lower half of of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the density Minnesota Sea Grant program and published in Environment Canada have Michigan and Wisconsin have already recorded of ruffe in these locations poses a threat. the March issue of "Transactions of the American announced the release of below-average precipitation, according to FisheriesSociety," helps explain how ruffe comprehensive, binational "With the last couple of mild winters, we're Gauthier, who said the situation doesn't promise compete with native perch. Researchers found plans to protect and restore seeing ruffe populations explode in these to improve in the next few months. that ruffe grow best and convert food to energy Lakes Erie, Michigan, and peripheral locations," said Czypinski, who serves more efficiently when the is about Superior. The Lakewide In the long-term, research conducted by the as ruffecontrol coordinator for the Great Lakes. 14 Celsius (57 Fahrenheit). Perch on the other Management Plans (LaMPs) Lake Erie shorelinein The informationalmeeting featured members of Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory He spoke at the Great Lakes Conference in East southeast Michigan. hand, grow best in warmer water, about 23 outline the environmental the Detroit District of the U.S. Army Corps of for the Corps of Engineers sheds light on Lansing on March 9. Celsius (73 Fahrenheit). The ruffe also attained status of each lake, highlight Engineers and was sponsored by Rep. John possible future water level patterns. Researchers sexual maturity sooner than perch. successes, identifiyproblems, Dingell with assistance from Michigan Sea Grant have developed a series of graphics showing and propose . Extension. potential future lake levels. Data was based on According to the researchers, ruffe are tempera­ net basin water supplies measured by the Corps. "We're in kind of an unusual situation this year ture generalists-temperature affects their The release of the LaMPs The scenarios will be used to evaluate economic just as we were in 1986 at the opposite end of growth less than that of perch. Even so, ruffe coincides with the release of impacts of fluctuating water levels over the next the spectrum," said Sea Grant Extension Agent need more food. the Lake Ontario Lakewide For more information on 50 years. Gauthier explained that the research Steve Stewart, who moderated the event. "Those Management Plan Update and Great Lakes water levels, has generated plausible extreme high and low PHOTO• GARY CHOWLEK. NATIONAL BIOLOGICAL SCRVl(f "One of the key issues, in comparison to of us who have been around a while have seen the lake Huron Initiative visit the following web water levels, previously not recorded for the published research on perch, is that ruffe are the highs and lows." Report. sites: Great Lakes. WHERE THE FISH ARE less efficient at processing food," said researcher www.lre.usace.army.mil Corps of Engineers hydrologist Roger Gauthier In addition to Duluth-Superior Harbor, there are Ray Newman. "More foodis needed to sustain a Executive summariesof the Knowing the average long-term water level www.great-lakes.net/envt/ emphasized this point. He noted that water three major peripheral populations located in given biomass of ruffethan the same biomass of plans for Lakes Erie, Michigan, fluctuation can help in coastal community water/hydro.html levels reached near record highs in 1985, and Thunder Bay, Ontario in Lake Superior; the perch. Ruffe leave a bigger ecological footprint and Superior, the Lake Ontario planning. that the Great Lakes generally fluctuate over Ontonagon River in Michigan's Upper Peninsula; and are more likely to significantlyalter the Update, and the Lake Huron To order the publication benthic forage base." Initiative Report are available time within a range of 6 to 7 feet (3 1/2 feet for For instance, considerable coastal development and Thunder Bay River in northern Lake Huron Lfving with the lakes, Lake Superior). Water levels generally peak in near Alpena. on EPA'sWeb site published by the U.S. Army has taken place in the last 30 years, when lake CONTROLLING RUFFE summer then drop in fall. levels were higher, and some shoreline structures Corps of Engineers and the The data tell the story. In the Ontonagon River, While researchers work to understand the long­ www.epa.gov/glnpo/gl2000/ weren't engineered to accommodate this change. Great Lakes Commission, While still within this range, current water levels an isolated colony of young ruffe once survived, term effects of ruffe, the Great Lakes Ruffe lamps Marinas, in particular, are struggling to accom­ visit: www.glc.org/docs/ are on the low end. In April. lakes Michigan­ but today scientists are finding,adultruffe. Control Program will continue its work to slow modate boats in increasingly shallow waters. lakelevels/lakelevels.htnd Huron were 20 inches below average; Lake Erie They're also finding ruffe as far as two miles their spread. Today, the program's main goals focuson keeping ruffepopulations from was 13 inches below; Lake St. Clair was 14 Michigan Sea Grant Extension Agents help up river. spreading for as long as possible. inches below, and Superior was 6 inches below coastal communities in understanding and In Thunder Bay, Lake Superior, the catch rate average, according to Corps data. coping with Great Lakes water level changes. has gone from eight ruffe caught per hour "One of the points in delaying their spread is that we're hoping technology will catch up," said WHY THE DROP? For more information on Great Lakes water levels, bottom trawling in 1998 to 61 per hour in 1999. Czypinski. One reason for low water is minimal snowpad: in, contod any Seo Grant Extension Agent listed on the northern Great Lakes basin over the last page B. Continued on page 6

MICHIGAN SEA GRANT upwelllngs) 4 VOLUME 22 I NO. 21 SUMMER 2000 VOLUME 221 NO. 21 SUMMER200D 5 MICHIGAN SEA GRANT (upwelllngs' For instance, pheromone Another major point in delaying the spread of [i"U§§S I Conli��tings New Video: Star Cliff Clavin Talks Exotics I research at the University of ruffe, said Czypinski, is to slow down the Minnesota, St. Paul, may economic impact of ruffe on the Great Lakes Exotics like zebra mussels, Eurasian watermilfoil, on voluntary prevention guidelines developed by suggest a way to attract ruffe fishery, which has been projected to cost and hydrillaare just a few aquatic nuisance the Recreation Activities Committee of the and lead to control methods. millions. species that watercraftusers can spread if they're federal Aquatic Nuisance Species Task and Scientists are also investigating not careful. "Stop Exotics, Clean Your Boat" recommendations approved by the U.S. Coast the use of selective toxic ants. In the meantime, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife shows the simple steps boaters across North Guard. Yet another way to reduce Serviceand the Ontario Ministry of Natural America can take to prevent the spread of these Stop Exotics, Clean Your Boat highlights 5 simple numbers quickly is to conduct Resources continue to track the movement of nasty plants and animals. ruffe. Voluntary reporting by anglers has been a steps boaters should take with their equipment. bottom trawling if the site Guide for Safe Diving from key factor in the success of this surveillance FeaturingJohn Ratzenberger {a.k.a. CliffClavin meets certain criteria. The U.S. Beforelaunching into or leaving any waterbody: Recreational and Charter effort. If anglers think they've caught a ruffe, from the TV show "Cheers") with his likable Fish and Wildlife Service plans Vessels regulations permit the transport of one dead know-it-all style, this humorous video leaves to conduct trawling this spring • REMOVE all plants and animals This one-page fact sheet specimen to the nearest state DNR office, U.S. boaters informed and motivated to take a couple in Thunder Bay, Alpena to • DRAIN lake or river water provides a safety for Fish and Wildlife Service office or Sea Grant extra minutes to clean their boat, sailboat, or Map of the northern reduce the population before spring spawning. • DISPOSE of unwanted live bait on shore operators and Great Lakes shoWl the office for positive identification. personal watercraftat the end of a day on the • RINSE your boat and equipment with high general tips on conducting largest populations of water. Eurasian ruffe. hot water, especially if moored for more safe dives. To order, contact than a day Studies have shown that boaters will take steps ony Seo Grant Extension stoff • DRY everything for at least 5 days Zebra Mussels Spread to 19 More Inland Lakes to prevent the spread of aquatic nuisance species member listed on poge 8. if they are provided with the information. This Volunteer reportsin 1999 confirm that zebra rapidly, becoming a costly nuisance as they The video is aimed at both marine and freshwa• A Field Guide to Aquatic mussels have spread to another 19 of Michigan's 11-minute video is part of education efforts colonize underwater objects. They can also ter boaters, personal watercraftusers and ExoticPlants and Animals conducted by many agencies in the United States inland lakes, bringing the total number to 119 fundamentally change the composition of the sailboaters. To order, contact Minnesota Sea This colorfullyillustrated and Canada. The information it presentsis based lakes colonized. lake. Grant at (218} 726-6191. brochure depicts eleven The additional lakes are Long Lake in Alpena "Because they filter water so thoroughly, water Midwest exotic species and County; Six Mile Lake in Antrim County; Union becomes clearer, and more sunlight reaches the describes control measures. Lake in Branch County, Long and Windover lakes bottom of the lake," said Sea Grant Extension And the Winners Are ... Marine Science Careers in Clare County; Mud Lake in Eaton County; Associate Mike Klepinger. "This in turn stimulates Mark Breederland (center), districtagent in Provides profiles of 38 Morrison Lake in Ionia County; Ackerson Lake in plant growth, and that can create additional southeastern Michigan, was recognized by the professionals who speak Jackson County; Blue and Lincoln Lakes in Kent problems." region's program leaders forhis outstanding candidly abut their training County; Big, Cedar Island, Lower Straits, Middle work on the designation of the Detroit River and the positive and negative Straits, Oxbow, Walnut, Wolverine and Woodhull Zebra mussels cannot be eradicated from a lake, Boaters and anglers can as an American Heritage River (AHR). aspects of their work with the Lakes in Oakland County; and Mclaren Lake in but boaters and anglers can limit their spread by l2 oceans and Great Lakes. Oceana County. For a complete list of colonized cleaning boating and fishing equipment before slow the spread af zebra Mike Klepinger, Extension associate, was also 40 pp. $5 lakes, visit www.msue.msu.edu/seagrant/ changing lakes, said Klepinger. Fishing gear, bait honored with a program leader's award for containers, trailers, boats, skis, motors, and mussels by cleaning boating sgezmans.html outstanding work on the Exotic Species Day Orderpublications from: paddles used in one lake should be thoroughly Camp for Teachers-a Great Lakes wide program Michigan Sea Grant Volunteers collect the data each summer as part washed and dried before being used in another and fishing equipment that familiarizes educators with Sea Grant's 2200 Bonisteel Blvd. of a zebra mussel monitoring program supported lake. educational materials about aquatic non­ Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2099 by Michigan Sea Grant, the Michigan DNR, and indigenous nuisance species. 734/764• 1118 phone before changing lakes. MLSA TO OVERSEE MONITORING Three Michigan Sea Grant Extension staff the Michigan Lake and Stream Association ° 0 www.engin.umich.edu/ (MLSA). The program relies on volunteers to help Sea Grant has been empowering MLSA to oversee members recently received top honors from the For more information on any ofthe programs, seogront/pubs track the spread of zebra mussels in Michigan's the zebra mussel monitoring program. The Great Lakes Sea Grant Network for successful contact these Michigan Sea Grant Extension staff inland waters. Water samples are sent to a organization will provide the training and programs. members listed on page 8 or visit these web sites: laboratory where they are checked for evidence equipment necessary forvolunteers to sample for Ron Kinnunen (left), district agent in the Upper of microscopic zebra mussel veligers, the larvae, zebra mussel veligers. MLSA will collect adult www.engin.umich.edu/seagrant/pubs/cfn/ Peninsula, won the Award of Excellence from the which have been found as much as two years zebra mussel infestation reports as well. (Commercial Fisheries News/ine) Sea Grant Advisory Services Association for his before adult zebra musselscan be found www.tellusnews.com/ahr / To learn more about the vetiger moniton·ng work with commercial fishing operations and clustering on hard surfacessuch as rocks and www.engin.umich.edu/seagrant/daycamp.html program or the adult monitoring program, contact processors to meet the federalgovernment's docks. MLSA representative Pearl Bonnell at (517) 257• requirements of HACCP ( Analysis at Once found in a lake, zebra mussels can multiply 3583 or visit www.mlswa.o,y on the Web. Critical Control Points).

MICHIGAN s EA G RANT ( upwellings, & VOLUME 22 I NO. 21 SUMMER 2000 VOLUME 221 N0. 21 SUMMER2000 7 MICHIGAN SEA GRANT (upwelllngs-1 ------�-�-:-=

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SmGiintMichigan Upwellings reports on Michigan Sea Grant research, extension, education, and other Great Lakes issues and activities. For a Southeast free subscription or program information, contact us at th1 Mark Breederland address above or call 734/764·1118. 21885 Dunham Rd., Ste. 12 Clinton Township, MI 48036 Send suggestions for articles or editorial correspondence 810/469·6085 to the address above or email Joyce Daniels at: [email protected] Southeast Urban Agent Upper Peninsula Steve Stewart Ron Kinnunen If reprintingthis material, give credit to upwetlings and 21885 Dunham Rd., Ste. 12 702 Chippewa Square Michigan Sea Grant and send _us a copy. Clinton Township, MI 48036 Marquette, MI 49855 810/469·6085 906/228-4830 Visit the Sea Grant site at: www.engin.umlch.edu/seagrant/ Northeast Northwest Walt Hoagman John McKinney Michigan Sea Grant, I cooperativeprogram of the P.O. Box 599 1102 Cass St. University of Michigan and Michigan State University, Tawas City, Ml 48764 Traverse City, Ml 49684 supportsunderstanding and stewardship of Great lakes and 616/922-4620 ocean resources. Michigan Sea Grant is funded by the National 517/362-3449 Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department Southwest of Commerce, and the State of Michigan. Extension Associate Mike Klepinger Chuck Pistis MICHIGAN SU GRANT MANAGEMENTTtAM 334 Natural Resources Bldg. 333 Clinton St. Russell Moll, director Michigan State University Grand Haven, Ml 49417 William Taylor, associate director East Lansing, Ml 48824 616/846·8250 Jennifer Smith, acting assistant director 517 /353-550B John Schwartz. extensfon program leader