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Dive Into History MICHIGAN NAMES TENTH UNDERWATER PRESERVE Autumn of 1887 Was a Dangerous Time to Be on Lake Michigan

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Dive Into History MICHIGAN NAMES TENTH UNDERWATER PRESERVE Autumn of 1887 Was a Dangerous Time to Be on Lake Michigan VOLUME 22 I NUMBER 2 I SUMMER 2000 upwellings MJCHJGAN SEA GRA NT COLLEGE PROGR ARCHIVES Dive Into History MICHIGAN NAMES TENTH UNDERWATER PRESERVE Autumn of 1887 was a dangerous time to be on Lake Michigan. A violent October storm caught two ships off guard. The two-masted schooner Havana foundered and sank just short of the harbor at St. Joseph. The same storm hit the schooner City of Green Bay, driving the ship ashore near South Haven and leaving only one survivor. Today, both wrecks lie at the bottom of southern Lake Michigan. The wrecks are two of the dive sites in the new Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve. The preserve was officiallydesignated on Nov. 11, 1999 and is Michigan's tenth. The initiativeto seek designationbegan several years ago when former curator Ken Pott of the Michigan Maritime Museum in South Haven and several local divers recognized the significance of the area's underwater resources and formedthe Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve Committee. With assistance fromMichigan Sea Grant, committee members submitted a proposal fordesignation to the State of Michigan in 1991. Michigan Sea Grant has been instrumental in helping coastal communities establish and promote underwater preserves since 1980. The Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve extends along the Lake Michigan shoreline from approximately the Indiana border to just north of Holland, Michigan. ' An 1890JJchooner Shipwrecks make up six of the 12 dive sites. In addition to the Havana and City of built in Wisconsin. (Photo courtesyof the GreenBay, divers can explore the remains of the schooner Rockaway (found acciden­ Michigan Maritime tally by fishermen in 1983), a 1925 yacht, the Verano, and a crane and barge, among Museum.) other wrecks. The preserve features other types of dives as well. "There's not only shipwrecks but lots of geological features and historic piers," said committee represen• tative and scuba diver Valerie van Heest. Divers in the area of St. Joseph, for instance, will discover the WHAT'S INSIDE ... Grand Mere Rock Outcropping-a geological formation that runs parallel to the coast for approximately a mile. Another unique area, the John Butler Johnson II Claybanks, features a series of high ridges and Exotics on Board deep valleys that were once thought to be debris froma shipwreck. Ruffe: Aging Exotic Varietyis an attraction, but the Southwest Preserve is also unique, said van Heest, because it is associated with several communities. Its boundaries encompass New Buffalo, St. Joseph, Benton Harbor, Great Lakes Water Levels Reach Near-Record Lows South Haven, Douglas, Saugatauk and Holland. Numerous launch points provide easy access for divers. Dives range from beginner to advanced, and some sites can be accessed from shore. The Preserve Committee, made up of 50 volunteers, marks some of the dive sites with buoys during the summer. For more fnformation about the preserve and its dive sites, visit www.swmup.o,yon the Web. several design issues of the backwash filtration Why Be Exotics on Board: Ballast Water system used by the Great Lakes Ballast Technol• ogy Demonstration Project aboard the M/V Concerned? Legislation Highlights Need for Action A/gonorth. (Another research project, led by Sea When ships move from port to port in the Great GrantDirector Russell Motl and funded by the Battle lines have been drawn in the fight to Lakes. Seven states and two Canadian provinces Lakes, it's "ecological roulette," according to Great Lakes Fishery Trust, is investigating the use prevent nonindigenous species from enteringthe border the Great Lakes in addition to Michigan. Canadian scientist Hugh Maclsaac of the ofthe biodde glutaraldehyde in treating ballast BALLAST WATER Great Lakes in the ballast water of ocean-going University of Windsor. Most organisms discharged water. Watch for a progress update in the next SYMPOSIUM RESULTS ships. State Senator Ken Sikkema {R-Grandville) "Exotic species do not respect state or national from ballast won't establish reproducing issue of Upwellings.) AVAILABLE introduced legislation in February that would boundaries,"commen ted one person who populations. But some will-and their presence testifiedin Monroe, emphasizing that nonnative regulate batlast discharge in Michigan's Great As researchers look forballast treatment in the Great Lakes can have profoundand lasting The Great Lakes Panel on species can arrivein any port and spread to the Lakes waters. methods, several important issues must be effects. Aquatic Nuisance Species has rest of the Great Lakes. Further, many believe considered including feasibility, safety, cost, released findingsand Five public hearings were held in February, March that if each state drafts its own legislation, "They change the natural history of our fish environmental impacts and biological effective­ recommendations associated and April to give supporters and opponents a standards will be complex and hard to enforce, communities that have evolved over thousands ness. with its 1999 symposium chance to voice opinions on the legislation. having a negative impact on the shipping and thousands of years," said Maclsaac. titled Ballast Water Manage­ Hearingswere held in Muskegon, Saginaw, industry. Balanced against these practical concerns, More than 140 nonindigenous species have ment and Aquatic Nuisance Traverse City, Sault Ste. Marieand Monroe, however, is the riskof new exotic species Species: Setting a Research (Continuing Senator Sikkema's legislative entered the Great Lakes in the last century, one• Michigan. entering the Great Lakes. Agenda forthe Great Lakes. momentum, U.S. Rep. Peter Hoekstra (R·Holland) third since 1960. Exotic fish such as ruffeand introduced similar ballast legislation in Congress "Everyday that passes without a solution to the round goby have reproducedquickly and have Symposium participants in April, which would apply basin-wide.) problem of polluted ballast water carries the now become more numerous than native species reviewed current approaches potential of being the day we receive another in some harbors. to ballast water manage­ organism as damaging as the zebra mussel," said ment, assessed prospective NO SIMPLE ANSWER Other invasive species such as zebra mussels Michigan Sea Grant Extension Associate Mike technologies and manage• Ridding ballast water of nonnative fish and other have fundamentally altered the Great Lakes Klepinger, who serves as aquatic nuisance ment approaches, and organisms has been a serious problem for many ecosystem. Zebra mussels have replaced native species coordinator. "The risks caused by established associated years. Since the mid 1980s, ballast water has mussels in many areas, and their massive inaction are just too greatto ignore." research priorities. Using likely been responsible for bringing zebra filtering action has reduced phytoplankton. this input, Panel staff at the mussels, gobies, Eurasian ruffe, spiny water flea, Nutrients have shifted to bottom sediments, and Great Lakes Commission and most recently, the fishhook flea (Cercopagis WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? enhanced water clarity has stimulated growth of developed detailed findings pengoi) into the Great Lakes. Recently, the Michigan Department of Environ­ aquatic plants. Scientists are now investigating and recommendations related mental Quality convened a work group, involving the link between zebra mussels and the decline Currently, ocean-going vessels are required by to: Ballast Exchange; representatives from the shipping industryand in native bottom-dwelling organisms in southern federal law to exchange their ballast at sea, but NOBOBs; Evaluating Research "The vast majority, 99 percent, of the testimony others, to identifypractical steps that can be Lake Michigan. the procedure can be dangerous and may not Proposals; Pathogens in at the five public hearings [has confirmed that] taken within the next 12 months to limit ballast eliminate all organisms that are capable of Exotic species cost money as well. Keeping water Ballast Water; Ballast Water "The vast majority, 99 the next step has to be taken," said Sikkema, water introductions. The DEQ expects to use the surviving in the Great Lakes. Researchers in the intakes free of zebra musselsand controlling the Standards; Costs and "but there's disagreement about how that should information providedby the work group in U.S. and elsewhereare investigating methods of spread and impact of other exotics is an ongoing Economic Impacts; and percent, of the testimony at be done." discussions with the Council of Great Lakes cleaning up ballast water. battle that costs millions of dollars each year. Communication, Coordina­ Governors. The legislation would require that ballast water tion and Collaboration. the fivepublic hearings has Two new research projects funded by Michigan These and other complex problems illustrate the be sterilized before ships enter Michigan's Great In the meantime, Sikkema .and staff will review Sea Grant address ballast water issues. Research• importance of preventing exotic species from The full document is available Lakes waters and prohibit ships from discharging the testimony given at the five public hearings confirmed that the next step ers will investigate the economic impacts of enteringthe Great Lakes. online: ballast water in the state's Great Lakes waters held this springand decide what changes should potential nonindigenous species regulations on www.glc.org/anspubs.html without a permit from the Michigan Department be made to the initial draft of the ballast bill
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