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The Genus Aphelandra (Acant Haceae)

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The Genus Aphelandra (Acant Haceae) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 18 The Genus Aphelandra (Acant haceae) Dieter C. Wasshausen SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1975 ABSTRACT Wasshausen, Dieter C. The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany, number 18, 157 pages, 56 figures, frontispiece, 1975.- The purpose of this study is to discuss, in an orderly fashion, all of the known and recognized species of Aphelandra, so that botanists in the future may be able to identify their collections of the genus and detect further undescribed species. The genus was proposed in 1810 by Robert Brown to include three disjunct species of Justicza. The only comprehensive treatment of the genus appeared in 1847, when Nees von Esenbeck published a total of 47 species in 3 genera, two of which are in synonymy. As a result of the present study, in addition to the 31 newly described species, 167 taxa (165 species and 2 varieties) are considered as adequately describing the entities in this genus. The range of the genus extends from southern Mexico to northern Argentina and Brazil, being conspicuously absent in the West Indies. It is found at elevations between sea level and 4000 meters, in extremely local distribution in virgin forests. Aphelandra, one of the larger genera of the family Acanthaceae, is completely void of cystoliths, the familiar character by which most acanthaceous plants are recognized. Its flowering spikes are often large and beautifully colored, even to the bracts and bractlets, and in certain species variegated or colored leaves occur. Important characters in the genus that link large series of species are the presence or absence of spiny interpetiolar bracts; of teeth, spiny or otherwise, on the margins of the leaf blades or flower bracts; and of ocelli on the flower bracts. These plants are, as a rule, widely scattered and are often only sparingly floriferous, Intergrades between species are unknown, and species represented by more numerous collections exhibit very few pronounced variations in appearance or in essential characters. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsoflian Year. SI PRESS NUMBER .5069. SERIES COVFR DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Wasshausen, Dieter C. The genus Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) (Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 18) Sup. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29: 18. Bibliography: p. 1. Aphelandra. I. Title. 11. Series: Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian contributions to botany, no. 18. QKlS2747 no. 18 [QK495.A1655] 581’.08s [583.81! 743108 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.80 (paper cover) Contents Page ................. 1 2 Pollen .................... 3 4 5 List of Illustrated Species .................. .................... 6 Aphelandra R. Brown . , , . ................... .................... 7 8 1. ..................... 15 2. A. @orphyrocarpa Leonard ................. ........................ .. 17 3. A. acanthus Nees , ,.., .. , , , , , , ,. ,_ ....................................... 18 4. A. eurystoma Mildbraed .......... 19 5. 20 6. ........... ............... 20 7. A. acanthifolia Hooker ................................................ 21 8. 22 9. 22 10. A. tillettii Wasshausen .............. 23 11. A. grangeri Leonard ................ 23 12. A. euopla Leonard ................. 24 13. 25 14. ............................ 25 15. A. rusbyi Britton ...................................... ............... 26 16. A. rubra Wasshausen .............. .................................... 27 17. A. dasyantha Wasshausen ............................... ............. 27 18. A. juninensis Wasshausen ........... 28 19. ........... 28 20. 29 21. ........... 30 22. A. formosa (Humboldt & Bonpland) Nees ........................... 30 23. A. mwtisii Leonard ............................................. 31 24. A. luyensis Lindau ................. 32 25. 32 26. A. weberbaueri Mildbraed . 33 27. A. mucronata (Ruiz & Pavbn) .................................... 34 28. A. crispata Leonard .................. .................................... 34 29. A. peruviana Wasshausen ..................................................... 35 30. A. castanifolia Britton .............. .......................... 36 31. 36 32. A. Iyrata Nees ...................... .......................... 37 33. A. cuscoensis Wasshausen , . , , , , , , , , . .................................... 38 34. .................................... 38 35. 38 36. .......................................... 39 37. A. longibracteata Lindau ........................ ............ 40 38. A. lamprantha Leonard . ............................................... 40 39. A. dukei Wasshausen ...................................... 41 40. 41 41. A. deppeana Schlechtendal & Chamisso .................. 42 42. A. storkii Leonard ............................................................ 46 43. A. lasia Leonard .............................................................. 47 44. A. hytaea Leonard ................................ 47 45. A. chamissmiana Nees ........................................................ 48 46. A. ornata (Nees) T. Anderson ................................................. 50 47. A. sulphurea Hooker ............................ 50 48. A. nemoralis Nees ............................................................ 51 49. A. phrynioides Lindau .... .......... ............................... 52 iii Page 50. A. ignea (Schrader) Nees ex Steudel .................... ............... 53 51. A. obtusifolia (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination ....... ............... 53 52. A. tridentafta Hemsley ............... ................................... 54 53. A. dunlapiana Standley & L. 0.Williams ................. ............... 54 54. A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley .................................... 55 54a. A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 56 54b. A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley 58 54c. A. aurantiaca (Scheidweiler) Lindley var. nitens (Hooker) Wasshausen, new combination . 58 55. 59 56. 60 57. 60 58. 61 59. A. tonduzii Leonard 61 60. A. seibertii Leonard ................. 62 61. A. neesiana Wasshausen, new name ....................................... 62 62. 63 63. 64 64. ........................... 64 65. 65 66. 66 67. A. maximiliana (Nees) Bentham ............................ .......... 66 68. 67 69. 67 70. 68 71. ............ 68 72. 69 73. A. pamiflora Leonard ................................................... 69 74. 70 75. 70 76. A. caput-medusae Lindau ..................................................... 71 77. 71 78. A. decorata (Nees) Wasshausen, new combination .............................. 72 79. A. adscendens Leonard ........................................................ 72 80. A. fasciculata Wasshausen ..................................................... 73 81. A. aristei Leonard ............... ....................... 74 82. A. trianae Leonard ........................................................... 74 83. A. xanthantha Leonard ..... 75 84. A. sericantha Leonard ........................................................ 75 85. A. fernandezii Leonard ....................... 76 86. A. sinclairiana Nees ........................................................... 77 87. A. grandis Leonard ............................. 78 88. A. darienensis Wass .................................................... 78 89. A. garciae Leonard ........................................................... 79 90. A. straminea Leonard ................................................. 80 91. A. micans Moritz ex Vatke .................................................... 80 92. A. taborensis Leonard .... ..................... 81 93. A. at'tenuata Wasshausen ...................................................... 82 94. A. crenata Leonard . ........................ 82 95. A. Eingua-bovis Leona ..................... 83 96. A. chaponensis Leonard ....................................................... 84 97. A. hartwegiana Nees ex Bentham .............................................. 85 98. A. scolnikae Leonard .... ........ ..... 86 99. A. pharangophila Leonard .................................................... 86 100. A. barkleyi Leonard ............................................. 87 101. A. pulcherrima (Jacquin) Humboldt, Bonpland, & Kunth ................. 88 102. A. mildbraediana Leonard .................................................... 92 103. ..................................... 92 104. 93 105. .............. 94 106. A. albert-smithii Leonard ..................................................... 95 iv Page 107. A. gracilis Leonard ..........._.,............. 96 108. A. dielsii Mildbraed .......................... 96 97 98 ................ 98 ........................... 99 100 101 ............._ 102 .................... .. 102 .......... 103 103 ...................... 104 104 121. A. variegata Morel 105 .............. 106 106 ......................... 107 125. A. martiusii Washausen, new name . , , , . , . , . , . , . , . , , . , . , . , . 108 126. A. squarrosa Nees , . , . , . , , , . , . , , . , , , , , . , . , . ...................... 108 127. A. nefihoica Wasshausen . , . 110 128. A. andrei Leonard , , . , , , , . , , . , , , , , , , , . ................... 110 129. A. camfiii Wasshausen . , , , , , .................................... 111 130. A. acrensis Lindau
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