E29695d2fc942b3642b5dc68ca

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

E29695d2fc942b3642b5dc68ca ISSN 1409-3871 VOL. 9, No. 1—2 AUGUST 2009 Orchids and orchidology in Central America: 500 years of history CARLOS OSSENBACH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORCHIDOLOGY LANKESTERIANA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON ORCHIDOLOGY Copyright © 2009 Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica Effective publication date: August 30, 2009 Layout: Jardín Botánico Lankester. Cover: Chichiltic tepetlauxochitl (Laelia speciosa), from Francisco Hernández, Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus, Rome, Jacobus Mascardus, 1628. Printer: Litografía Ediciones Sanabria S.A. Printed copies: 500 Printed in Costa Rica / Impreso en Costa Rica R Lankesteriana / International Journal on Orchidology No. 1 (2001)-- . -- San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Universidad de Costa Rica, 2001-- v. ISSN-1409-3871 1. Botánica - Publicaciones periódicas, 2. Publicaciones periódicas costarricenses LANKESTERIANA i TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Geographical and historical scope of this study 1 Political history of Central America 3 Central America: biodiversity and phytogeography 7 Orchids in the prehispanic period 10 The area of influence of the Chibcha culture 10 The northern region of Central America before the Spanish conquest 11 Orchids in the cultures of Mayas and Aztecs 15 The history of Vanilla 16 From the Codex Badianus to Carl von Linné 26 The Codex Badianus 26 The expedition of Francisco Hernández to New Spain (1570-1577) 26 A new dark age 28 The “English American” — the journey through Mexico and Central America of Thomas Gage (1625-1637) 31 The renaissance of science 31 Enlightenment and Independence 33 The Age of Reason 33 The expedition of Alessandro Malaspina to the Pacific (1789-1794) 34 The Royal Botanic Expedition of Sessé and Mociño to New Spain (1787-1803) 40 The dispersal of the botanical collections 48 John Lindley and the Lambert herbarium 49 Augustin De Candolle and the “Ladies of Geneva” 49 The Cabinet of Natural History of Guatemala 53 The new republics 54 Times of change 54 Orchidomania 55 Britannia rules the waves 56 The German-Belgian connection 75 The Scandinavians 87 ‘Manifest Destiny’ 89 The Mexican-American war and the decline of British hegemony 89 The California gold rush and the interoceanic canal 93 William Walker in Central America 103 The Mexican Empire of Maximilian of Hapsburg 107 The Spanish Scientific Commission to the Pacific 1863-1866 108 Lindley and Reichenbach: change of the guard 108 The mysterious ‘señor’ Endrés 111 Other travelers in Central America (I): 1839-1870 113 The era of liberalism 116 German (and other) collectors in the second half of the XIX century 117 Hemsley and the ‘Biologia Centrali-Americana’ 124 The Botanical Station in Belize (1892-1921) 125 Central American orchids in England at the end of the XIX century 126 Costa Rica: the National Museum and the ‘Instituto Físico-Geográfico’ 128 LANKESTERIANA 9(1—2), August 2009. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2009. ii LANKESTERIANA Other collectors at the end of the XIX century 133 Other travelers in Central America (II): 1870-1900 136 The New Empire 140 The ‘Big Stick’ policy 140 Rudolf Schlechter 141 Oakes Ames 143 Costa Rica: the years of ‘doña’ Amparo 145 Otón Jiménez 152 Charles Herbert Lankester 154 The orchids of the Panama Canal 161 The biological exploration of the Smithsonian Institution 161 The orchid garden of Charles Wesley Powell 162 The Tropical Station of the Missouri Botanical Garden 163 The Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute 164 Other American collectors, 1900-1930 165 Paul C. Standley and the Central American floras 166 Northern Central America: 1900-1930 172 Yucatán, Guatemala, Belize and Honduras 173 Other collectors in Mexico during the first years of the XX century 177 The Lancetilla Experimental Station 180 From the ‘Good Neighbor’ policy to World War II 183 Orchidology in Central America, 1930-1950 184 The Flora of Panama (I) 185 The ‘great depression’ of Costa Rican orchidology 189 Henry Teuscher and the Montreal Botanical Garden 192 The Flora de Guatemala 192 The land of Percival Hildebart Gentle 194 The Mexican Renaissance (I) 198 Honduras and the Pan-American Agricultural School of ‘El Zamorano’ 200 The second half of the XX century 201 The Mexican Renaissance (II) 201 Heller and Hawkes: a Nicaraguan interlude 207 Clarence Klaus Horich: the last of the adventurers 209 Rafael Lucas Rodríguez and the Lankester Botanical Garden 210 Myth and reality: Costa Rica during the years of Dora E. Mora and Joaquín García 215 The Marie Selby Botanical Gardens 216 The Flora Mesoamericana 217 Fritz Hamer and the orchids of El Salvador and Nicaragua 218 Guatemala: the heirs of Baron von Tuerckheim 220 The Flora of Panama (II) 222 Icones Plantarum Tropicarum & Icones Orchidacearum 225 The National Orchid Societies 226 Acknowledgements 228 Literature cited 229 Index of persons and institutions 243 Index of plants 253 LANKESTERIANA 9(1—2), August 2009. © Universidad de Costa Rica, 2009. LANKESTERIANA 9(1-2): 1-268. 2009. ORCHIDS AND ORCHIDOLOGY IN CENTRAL AMERICA. 500 YEARS OF HISTORY * CARLOS OSSENBACH Centro de Investigación en Orquídeas de los Andes “Ángel Andreetta”, Universidad Alfredo Pérez Guerrero, Ecuador Orquideario 25 de Mayo, San José, Costa Rica [email protected] INTRODUCTION “plant geography”, botanical exploration in our region seldom tried to relate plants with their life zones. The Geographical and historical scope of this study. XIX century and the first decades of the XX century The history of orchids started with the observation and are best defined by an almost frenetic interest in the study of species as isolated individuals, sometimes identification and description of new species, without grouped within political boundaries that are always bothering too much about their geographical origin. artificial. With rare exceptions, words such as No importance was given to the distribution of orchids “ecology” or “phytogeography” did not appear in the within the natural regions into which Central America botanical prose until the early XX century. is subdivided. Although Humboldt and Bonpland (1807), and Exceptions to this are found in the works by Bateman later Oersted, had already engaged in the study of (1837-43), Reichenbach (1866) and Schlechter (1918), * The idea for this book was proposed by Dr. Joseph Arditti during the 1st. International Conference on Neotropical Orchidology that was held in San José, Costa Rica, in May 2003. In its first chapters, this is without doubt a history of orchids, relating the role they played in the life of our ancient indigenous people and later in that of the Spanish conquerors, and the ornamental, medicinal and economical uses they gave to these plants. It is not until the late XVIII century, but above all in the XIX century that we can talk about a history of orchidology, with the development of botanical science and the establishment of the bases of modern orchidology by Lindley. But the XIX century was also the time of legendary commercial collectors who, frequently with the complicity of men of science, collected with a frenzy often bordering on madness. Orchid knowledge became sometimes a synonym of orchid destruction. During the second half of the XX century the world developed a growing conscience of the negative impact of man on his natural habitat and I would like to believe that, in the future, orchidology will devote itself in an increasing manner to the study of orchids as a means to preserve them. Motivated by this belief, I decided to write this history, that will be more a story about orchids and men than a story about orchids and science, hoping that mankind will rediscover the harmonious relation with nature that characterized the life of the first inhabitants of our region. The great naturalist Alexander F. Skutch, who chose a life of study and contemplation amidst the forests of southern Costa Rica, expressed it in much better words: “Sometimes, before leaving the hilltop, I visit the old Indian burial ground. Despite promises of golden ornaments, I have never permitted anyone to excavate these graves, for I believe that we should treat the burials of alien races with the same respect that we desire for our own. Sometimes, in a meditative mood, I ask myself whether, from the moral standpoint, my title to this land is as valid as that of the men whose dust lies beneath the red clay. Perhaps the only answer to this perplexing question is that he most deserves to have the land who makes the best use of it. If my love of the mountains and rivers and forests is greater than theirs, if these things speak more meaningfully to me and I am more keenly appreciative of their beauty; if I strive harder to preserve this natural setting in its pristine splendor and to conserve the soil’s fertility — then perhaps I can justify my possession of this land that once belonged to them. If I fall short of the aborigines in these respects, then I — and the whole line of too-aggressive palefaces who transmitted to me what was once theirs — are but piratical intruders, whose right to this land would be hard to defend. Enlarging on this theme, it seems to me that, unless evolution miscarries, the ultimate possessor of the earth will be the race that most appreciates its grandeur and beauty and cherishes it most carefully, that rules it as a generous and compassionate lord instead of raping it like a greedy tyrant, as men have all too commonly done” (Skutch, 1971: 223-224). 2 LANKESTERIANA but above all the monumental account by Godman of the expedition of Malaspina, continued during the and Salvin on the Central American biology, in which first decades of the XIX century with the exploration Hemsley wrote the botanical part (Hemsley, 1883). by Cuming of the Pacific coast belt and the arrival of The enumeration of species in this work is followed Skinner in Guatemala.
Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchid Pollination: an Observation on Pollination-Pollinator Interaction in Cymbidium Pendulum (Sw.) Roxb
    Current Botany 2011, 2(7): 05-08 ISSN: 2220-4822 www.scholarjournals.org www.currentbotany.org Orchid Pollination: An Observation on Pollination-Pollinator Interaction in Cymbidium pendulum (Sw.) Roxb. Lucky K. Attri* and Ravi Kant Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh-160 014, India Article Info Abstract Article History The path of pollination in Cymbidium pendulum (Sw.) Roxb. has been traced in the present studies. The honey been identified as Apis mellifera was found to act as main pollinator and Received : 20-04-2011 this bee is the only insects, among others, who succeeded in performing pollination because Revised : 29-06-2011 Accepted : 29-06-2011 probably due to its structural compatibility with the plant species. Pollination by Apis mellifera bees was suggested to occur in a number of families but rare phenomenon in orchids and it *Corresponding Author is first time that the species was observed to pollinate the Cymbidium pendulum flowers. Bee moved around the flowers for some times, entered the flower and carried on pollinia along Tel : +91-9501034074 with on the back during its journey. It revisited the different flower and deposited its pollinia on to it and the act of pollination was accomplished. SEM study showed an intricate network Email: [email protected] on the back of bee thus clearly indicates its role in firm attachment to pollinia. [email protected] ©ScholarJournals, SSR Key Words: Bees, insect, pollination, pollinator, SEM Introduction Orchidaceae, one of the largest families of flowering habitats (North-East India)] with one of the insects present in plants (up to 30 000 species, and contributing nearly 10% of all the locality (iii) to evaluate the influence of pollinators on flowering plant species in the world [1-3], is characterized by its reproductive success; and (iv) to assess the extent of fruit floral structure generally specialized to avoid spontaneous self- production by bee pollination.
    [Show full text]
  • Orchidaceae Em Um Fragmento De Floresta Semidecídua De Encosta Na Região Sul Do Estado Do Espírito Santo, Sudeste Do Brasil
    Hoehnea 41(2): 247-268, 5 fig., 2014 Orchidaceae em um fragmento de Floresta Semidecídua de encosta na região sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil Amauri Herbert Krahl1,4, Antônio Jesus Dorighetto Cogo2 e Jefferson José Valsko3 Recebido: 7.05.2013; aceito: 9.01.2014 ABSTRACT - (Orchidaceae in a fragment of semideciduous slope forest in the southern Espírito Santo State, Southeastern Brazil). The present study aimed to inventory and elaborate descriptions and illustrations for the species of Orchidaceae found in a forest located in the southern Espírito Santo State, a region of few botanical studies, featuring a poorly known flora. During the study, 25 species were found and distributed into 21 genera. The majority of the species were epiphytic, represented by 16 species, followed by rupiculous, terrestrial, and mycoheterotrofic species. Most species flourished during the hot and humid period. Furthermore, the study revealed the presence of an endemic species and three new records for the State. Keywords: Atlantic Forest, conservation, orchids, taxonomy RESUMO - (Orchidaceae em um fragmento de Floresta Semidecídua de encosta na região sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, Sudeste do Brasil). O presente trabalho teve como objetivo inventariar e elaborar descrições e ilustrações para as espécies de Orchidaceae encontradas em um fragmento de Floresta Semidecídua localizado no sul do Estado do Espírito Santo, região de poucos estudos, caracterizando uma flora ainda pouco conhecida. Durante o estudo, 25 espécies distribuídas em 21 gêneros, foram registradas. A forma de vida predominante foi a epifítica, caracterizada por 16 espécies, seguida pela rupícola, terrícola e micoheterotrófica. A maior parte das espécies floresceu no período quente e úmido.
    [Show full text]
  • The Elegant Home
    THE ELEGANT HOME Select Furniture, Silver, Decorative and Fine Arts Monday November 13, 2017 Tuesday November 14, 2017 Los Angeles THE ELEGANT HOME Select Furniture, Silver, Decorative and Fine Arts Monday November 13, 2017 at 10am Tuesday November 14, 2017 at 10am Los Angeles BONHAMS BIDS INQUIRIES Automated Results Service 7601 W. Sunset Boulevard +1 (323) 850 7500 European Furniture and +1 (800) 223 2854 Los Angeles, California 90046 +1 (323) 850 6090 fax Decorative Arts bonhams.com Andrew Jones ILLUSTRATIONS To bid via the internet please visit +1 (323) 436 5432 Front cover: Lot 215 (detail) PREVIEW www.bonhams.com/24071 [email protected] Day 1 session page: Friday, November 10 12-5pm Lot 733 (detail) Saturday, November 11 12-5pm Please note that telephone bids American Furniture and Day 2 session page: Sunday, November 12 12-5pm must be submitted no later Decorative Arts Lot 186 (detail) than 4pm on the day prior to Brooke Sivo Back cover: Lot 310 (detail) SALE NUMBER: 24071 the auction. New bidders must +1 (323) 436 5420 Lots 1 - 899 also provide proof of identity [email protected] and address when submitting CATALOG: $35 bids. Telephone bidding is only Decorative Arts and Ceramics available for lots with a low Jennifer Kurtz estimate in excess of $1000. +1 (323) 436 5478 [email protected] Please contact client services with any bidding inquiries. Silver and Objects of Vertu Aileen Ward Please see pages 321 to 323 +1 (323) 436 5463 for bidder information including [email protected] Conditions of Sale, after-sale collection, and shipment.
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Asparagus (Asparagus Officinalis L.) and Its Phy- Logenetic Positon Within Asparagales
    Central International Journal of Plant Biology & Research Bringing Excellence in Open Access Research Note *Corresponding author Wentao Sheng, Department of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330032, The Complete Chloroplast Jiangxi, China, Tel: 86-0791-87619332; Fax: 86-0791- 87619332; Email: Submitted: 14 September 2017 Genome Sequence of Accepted: 09 October 2017 Published: 10 October 2017 Asparagus (Asparagus ISSN: 2333-6668 Copyright © 2017 Sheng et al. officinalis L.) and its OPEN ACCESS Keywords Phylogenetic Positon within • Asparagus officinalis L • Chloroplast genome • Phylogenomic evolution Asparagales • Asparagales Wentao Sheng*, Xuewen Chai, Yousheng Rao, Xutang, Tu, and Shangguang Du Department of Biological Technology, Nanchang Normal University, China Abstract Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) is a horticultural homology of medicine and food with health care. The entire chloroplast (cp) genome of asparagus was sequenced with Hiseq4000 platform. The complete cp genome maps a circular molecule of 156,699bp built with a quadripartite organization: two inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,531bp, separated by a large single copy (LSC) sequence of 84,999bp and a small single copy (SSC) sequence of 18,638bp. A total of 112 genes comprising of 78 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNAs and 4 rRNAs were successfully annotated, 17 of which included introns. The identity, number and GC content of asparagus cp genes were similar to those of other asparagus species genomes. Analysis revealed 81 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci, most composed of A or T, contributing to a bias in base composition. A maximum likelihood phylogenomic evolution analysis showed that asparagus was closely related to Polygonatum cyrtonema that belonged to the genus Asparagales.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL REPORT PSRA Vegetation Monitoring 2005-2006 PC P502173
    Rare Plants and Their Locations at Picayune Strand Restoration Area: Task 4a FINAL REPORT PSRA Vegetation Monitoring 2005-2006 PC P502173 Steven W. Woodmansee and Michael J. Barry [email protected] December 20, 2006 Submitted by The Institute for Regional Conservation 22601 S.W. 152 Avenue, Miami, Florida 33170 George D. Gann, Executive Director Submitted to Mike Duever, Ph.D. Senior Environmental Scientist South Florida Water Management District Fort Myers Service Center 2301 McGregor Blvd. Fort Myers, Florida 33901 Table of Contents Introduction 03 Methods 03 Results and Discussion 05 Acknowledgements 38 Citations 39 Tables: Table 1: Rare plants recorded in the vicinity of the Vegetation Monitoring Transects 05 Table 2: The Vascular Plants of Picayune Strand State Forest 24 Figures: Figure 1: Picayune Strand Restoration Area 04 Figure 2: PSRA Rare Plants: Florida Panther NWR East 13 Figure 3: PSRA Rare Plants: Florida Panther NWR West 14 Figure 4: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Northeast 15 Figure 5: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Northwest 16 Figure 6: PSRA Rare Plants: FSPSP West 17 Figure 7: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Southeast 18 Figure 8: PSRA Rare Plants: PSSF Southwest 19 Figure 9: PSRA Rare Plants: FSPSP East 20 Figure 10: PSRA Rare Plants: TTINWR 21 Cover Photo: Bulbous adder’s tongue (Ophioglossum crotalophoroides), a species newly recorded for Collier County, and ranked as Critically Imperiled in South Florida by The Institute for Regional Conservation taken by the primary author. 2 Introduction The South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) plans on restoring the hydrology at Picayune Strand Restoration Area (PSRA) see Figure 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Document Blank
    United Nations Development Programme Project Document template for projects financed by the various GEF Trust Funds Project title: Seventh Operational Phase of the GEF Small Grants Programme in Costa Rica Country: Costa Rica Implementing Partner (GEF Executing Execution Modality: Agency- Entity): UNOPS implemented Contributing Outcome (UNDAF/CPD, RPD, GPD): Outcome 2: Capacities for inclusive and sustainable development with a focus on environmental sustainability. Output 2.1. MAG, MINAE, Ministry of Health and MTSS have established multi-stakeholder platforms for dialogue to reduce negative socio-environmental externalities generated by agricultural commodities. UNDP Social and Environmental Screening Category: UNDP Gender Marker: 2 Atlas Award ID: 00119761 Atlas Project/Output ID: 00116145 UNDP-GEF PIMS ID number: 6251 GEF Project ID number: 10124 LPAC meeting date: 5th February 2020 Latest possible date to submit to GEF: June 11, 2020 Latest possible CEO endorsement date: December 11, 2020 Planned start date: June 2020 Planned end date: June 2024 Expected date of posting of Mid-Term Review to Expected date of posting Terminal evaluation report ERC: September 2022 to ERC: March 2024 Brief project description: The Seventh Phase of the GEF Small Grants Programme in Costa Rica, to be financed through this project, will be implemented in five landscapes: The i) Jesus Maria and ii) Barranca river basins; iii) the Montes de Aguacate Biological Corridor (MACB), iv) lower Grande de Tarcoles river basin and the v) Paso Las Lapas Biological Corridor. The total area covered by these landscapes is approximately 199,627 hectares. The project aims to enable communities and organizations in these target landscapes to take collective action, through a participatory landscape planning and management approach, to enhance socio-ecological resilience by producing local and global environmental and sustainable development benefits.
    [Show full text]
  • The Orchid Flora of the Colombian Department of Valle Del Cauca Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Kolanowska, Marta The orchid flora of the Colombian Department of Valle del Cauca Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 85, núm. 2, 2014, pp. 445-462 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42531364003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 85: 445-462, 2014 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511 DOI: 10.7550/rmb.32511445 The orchid flora of the Colombian Department of Valle del Cauca La orquideoflora del departamento colombiano de Valle del Cauca Marta Kolanowska Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. [email protected] Abstract. The floristic, geographical and ecological analysis of the orchid flora of the department of Valle del Cauca are presented. The study area is located in the southwestern Colombia and it covers about 22 140 km2 of land across 4 physiographic units. All analysis are based on the fieldwork and on the revision of the herbarium material. A list of 572 orchid species occurring in the department of Valle del Cauca is presented. Two species, Arundina graminifolia and Vanilla planifolia, are non-native elements of the studied orchid flora. The greatest species diversity is observed in the montane regions of the study area, especially in wet montane forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Epilist 1.0: a Global Checklist of Vascular Epiphytes
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 EpiList 1.0: a global checklist of vascular epiphytes Zotz, Gerhard ; Weigelt, Patrick ; Kessler, Michael ; Kreft, Holger ; Taylor, Amanda Abstract: Epiphytes make up roughly 10% of all vascular plant species globally and play important functional roles, especially in tropical forests. However, to date, there is no comprehensive list of vas- cular epiphyte species. Here, we present EpiList 1.0, the first global list of vascular epiphytes based on standardized definitions and taxonomy. We include obligate epiphytes, facultative epiphytes, and hemiepiphytes, as the latter share the vulnerable epiphytic stage as juveniles. Based on 978 references, the checklist includes >31,000 species of 79 plant families. Species names were standardized against World Flora Online for seed plants and against the World Ferns database for lycophytes and ferns. In cases of species missing from these databases, we used other databases (mostly World Checklist of Selected Plant Families). For all species, author names and IDs for World Flora Online entries are provided to facilitate the alignment with other plant databases, and to avoid ambiguities. EpiList 1.0 will be a rich source for synthetic studies in ecology, biogeography, and evolutionary biology as it offers, for the first time, a species‐level overview over all currently known vascular epiphytes. At the same time, the list represents work in progress: species descriptions of epiphytic taxa are ongoing and published life form information in floristic inventories and trait and distribution databases is often incomplete and sometimes evenwrong.
    [Show full text]
  • Sistemática Y Evolución De Encyclia Hook
    ·>- POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS ~ BIOLÓGICAS CICY ) Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas SISTEMÁTICA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE ENCYCLIA HOOK. (ORCHIDACEAE: LAELIINAE), CON ÉNFASIS EN MEGAMÉXICO 111 Tesis que presenta CARLOS LUIS LEOPARDI VERDE En opción al título de DOCTOR EN CIENCIAS (Ciencias Biológicas: Opción Recursos Naturales) Mérida, Yucatán, México Abril 2014 ( 1 CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA DE YUCATÁN, A.C. POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS OSCJRA )0 f CENCIAS RECONOCIMIENTO S( JIOI ÚGIC A'- CICY Por medio de la presente, hago constar que el trabajo de tesis titulado "Sistemática y evo­ lución de Encyclia Hook. (Orchidaceae, Laeliinae), con énfasis en Megaméxico 111" fue realizado en los laboratorios de la Unidad de Recursos Naturales del Centro de Investiga­ ción Científica de Yucatán , A.C. bajo la dirección de los Drs. Germán Carnevali y Gustavo A. Romero, dentro de la opción Recursos Naturales, perteneciente al Programa de Pos­ grado en Ciencias Biológicas de este Centro. Atentamente, Coordinador de Docencia Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Mérida, Yucatán, México; a 26 de marzo de 2014 DECLARACIÓN DE PROPIEDAD Declaro que la información contenida en la sección de Materiales y Métodos Experimentales, los Resultados y Discusión de este documento, proviene de las actividades de experimen­ tación realizadas durante el período que se me asignó para desarrollar mi trabajo de tesis, en las Unidades y Laboratorios del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., y que a razón de lo anterior y en contraprestación de los servicios educativos o de apoyo que me fueron brindados, dicha información, en términos de la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor y la Ley de la Propiedad Industrial, le pertenece patrimonialmente a dicho Centro de Investigación.
    [Show full text]
  • Asa Gray's Plant Geography and Collecting Networks (1830S-1860S)
    Finding Patterns in Nature: Asa Gray's Plant Geography and Collecting Networks (1830s-1860s) The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Hung, Kuang-Chi. 2013. Finding Patterns in Nature: Asa Gray's Citation Plant Geography and Collecting Networks (1830s-1860s). Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University. Accessed April 17, 2018 4:20:57 PM EDT Citable Link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11181178 This article was downloaded from Harvard University's DASH Terms of Use repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA (Article begins on next page) Finding Patterns in Nature: Asa Gray’s Plant Geography and Collecting Networks (1830s-1860s) A dissertation presented by Kuang-Chi Hung to The Department of the History of Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History of Science Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts July 2013 © 2013–Kuang-Chi Hung All rights reserved Dissertation Advisor: Janet E. Browne Kuang-Chi Hung Finding Patterns in Nature: Asa Gray’s Plant Geography and Collecting Networks (1830s-1860s) Abstract It is well known that American botanist Asa Gray’s 1859 paper on the floristic similarities between Japan and the United States was among the earliest applications of Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory in plant geography. Commonly known as Gray’s “disjunction thesis,” Gray's diagnosis of that previously inexplicable pattern not only provoked his famous debate with Louis Agassiz but also secured his role as the foremost advocate of Darwin and Darwinism in the United States.
    [Show full text]