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Lebanon Ministry of Environment ® REPUBLIC OF LEBANON MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT of LEBANON to the CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY July 2009 Copyright © MoE/GEF/UNDP 2009 All rights reserved Printed in Lebanon “The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the United Nations, including UNDP, or their Member States and those of the Ministry of Environment, Republic of Lebanon.” Fourth National Report of LEBANON to the Convention on Biological Diversity Page 1 Project information: Project Title: “Towards 2010 Biodiversity Target” Executing Partner: Lebanese Ministry of Environment Funding Partner: Global Environment Facility Managing Partner: United Nations Development Programme Fourth National Report of LEBANON to the Convention on Biological Diversity Page 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE REPORTING PARTY 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 CHAPTER – I: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY STATUS, TRENDS AND THREAT 16 1.1. INTRODUCTION 16 1.2. THE OVERALL PICTURE 17 1.3. TERRESTRIAL BIODIVERSITY 25 1.4. FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY 33 1.5. AGROBIODIVERSITY 35 1.6. MARINE BIODIVERSITY 36 1.7. IMPLICATIONS OF BIODIVERSITY LOSS 37 CHAPTER –II: ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF NBSAP IN 41 LEBANON 2.1. INTRODUCTION 41 2.2. DEVELOPMENT OF THE NBSAP AND ITS ADDENDUM 41 2.3. STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LEBANON NBSAP 42 2.4. TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND NATURAL HABITATS 43 2.5. FRESH WATER BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 62 2.6. MARINE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 67 2.7. GENERAL MEASURES FOR THE CONSERVATION OF AGROBIODIVERSITY IN 84 LEBANON 2.8. IN-SITU BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN LEBANON 93 2.9. URBAN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 95 2.10. BIOSAFETY 97 2.11. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION 100 2.12. STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION 101 2.13. OBSTACLES AND CHALLENGES IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NBSAP 102 CHAPTER –III: Sectoral and Cross-Sectoral Integration of Biodiversity 103 Considerations 3.1. BACKGROUND 103 3.2. GOVERNMENT POLICY STATEMENT 104 3.3. NATIONAL PLANS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES RELATED TO MAIN 104 SECTORS 3.4. OTHER NATIONAL PLANS, POLICIES AND PROGRAMMES RELATED TO MAIN 115 SECTORS 3.5. OTHER CONVENTIONS BESIDES THE CBD 118 3.6. CONCLUSION 123 CHAPTER –IV: Conclusions: Progress Towards the 2010 Target and 124 Implementation of the Strategic Plan of the CBD 4.1. SECTION A: PROGRESS TOWARDS THE 2010 TARGET 125 4.2. SECTION B: PROGRESS TOWARDS THE GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE 164 STRATEGIC PLAN OF THE CONVENTION 4.3. SECTION C: CONCLUSIONS 180 Fourth National Report of LEBANON to the Convention on Biological Diversity Page 3 APPENDIX –I: INFORMATION CONCERNING PREPARATION OF NATIONAL REPORT 184 APPENDIX –II: FURTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION 188 APPENDIX –III: PROGRESS TOWARDS TARGETS OF THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR 196 PLANT CONSERVATION & THE PROGRAMME OF WORK ON PROTECTED AREAS A. PROGRESS TOWARDS TARGETS OF THE GLOBAL STRATEGY FOR PLANT 196 CONSERVATION B. PROGRESS TOWARDS TARGETS AND GOALS OF THE PROGRAMME OF WORK 221 ON PROTECTED AREAS. Fourth National Report of LEBANON to the Convention on Biological Diversity Page 4 Fourth National Report of LEBANON to the Convention on Biological Diversity Page 5 LIST OF ACRONYMS ABHASS Database on research projects sponsored by NCSR in medicine, agriculture, environment, basic sciences, engineering and technology, economy, and related fields ABS Access and Benefit Sharing ACCOBAMS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area ACDI-VOCA American NGO ACSAD Arab Center for the Studies of Arid Zones and Dry Lands AECI Agencia Espanola de Cooperacion International AEF Arab Environment Facility AEWA African Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds Agreement AFDC Association for Forest Development and Conservation (NGO) AGRIS Universal Network System ANERA American Near east Refugee Aid ArabMab Network Arab Man and Biosphere Network under the umbrella of UNESCO ARDA Arsal Rural Development Association AREC Agricultural Research and Education Center ASAIL Action for Sustainable Agroindustry in Lebanon ASHA American Schools and Hospitals Abroad ATEN Atelier Technique des espaces naturels AUB American University of Beirut AUF Agence universitaire de la Francophonie BCH Biodiversity Clearing House / Biosafety Clearing House BCS Biodiversity Country Study BS Bachelor of Science CAMP Coastal Areas Management Programme CAMRE Council of Arab Ministers Responsible for Environment CARIS International information system for the agricultural sciences and technologyL FAO CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CD Compact Disc CDM Clean Development Mechanism CDR Council of Development and Reconstruction CEA Commiseriat a l’Energie Atomique CEDRE Coopération pour l’Évaluation et le Développement de la Recherche CEO Collegiate Entrepreneurs Organization CFC Chlorofluorocarbon CFH Cooperative Housing Foundation CHM Clearing House Mechanism CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CIESM Mediterranean Science Commission CIHEAM Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes CINDA Computer Index of Neutron Data/ Database CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna CMS Convention on Migratory Species CNA Competent National Authority CNRS Centre National de Recherches Scientifiques/ National Council for Scientific Research CO2 Carbon Dioxide CoDeL Combating Desertification in Lebanon CODIS Combating Desertification Information System CoM Council of Ministers COP Conference of Parties CORDIS Community Research and Development Information Service CPB Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety CRDP Centre de Recherche et du Development Pedagogique CSA Community Supported Agriculture CSD Commission on Sustainable Development CWANA Central and West Asia and North Africa CZM Coastal Zone Management DAI Development Alternatives Inc. DAR-IAURIF Dar Al Handasah-Institut d’Amenagement et d’Urbanism de la Region de l’Ile-de- France DDC Drylands Development Centre DPA Desertification Prone Areas EC European Commission ECA The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa ECE The United Nations Economic Commission for Europe ECLAC The United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean EC-LIFE European Commission Life EE Energy Efficiency Fourth National Report of LEBANON to the Convention on Biological Diversity Page 6 EFL Environment Fund for Lebanon EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIC Environment Information Center EMFTA Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area ENSDF Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File EPEAU Enhancement of Permanent Environment Awareness EPI Environmental Performance Index ESCO ESCO Global Website ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific ESCWA Economic and Social Commission for West Asia EURONATURE Scientific Database FAFS Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FON Friends of Nature (NGO) FFEM Fonds Français pour l’Environnement Mondial FRA Forest Resource Assessment GAC Government Appointed Committee GDP Gross Domestic Production GEF Global Environment Facility GFCM General Fishing Commission for the Mediterranean GHG Green House Gaz GIS Geographical Information System GM Genetically Modified GMO Genetically Modified Organisms GTZ Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point HB Healthy Basket HCH Higher Council for Hunting IAIA International Association for Impact Assessment IAP Invasive alien plants IAURIF Institut d’Amenagement et d’Urbanisme de la Region de l”Ile-de-France IBA Important Bird Areas IBSAR Initiative for Biodiversity Studies in Arid Regions ICAM Integrated Coastal Area Management ICARDA International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas ICM International Creative Management ICGB International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ICZM Integrated Coastal Zone Management IDAL Investment Development Authority of Lebanon IDRC International Development Research Center IEE Initial Environment Evaluation IMAC Integrated Management of Eastern Mediterranean Coastlines INAPG Institut National d Agronomie Paris Grignon INIS International Nuclear Information System/ Internet Directory INIST Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique INOCLE Inter-Islamic Science and Technology Network on Oceanography INRA Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ISO International Organization for Standardization ISSC International standard for sustainable wild collection IPGRI International Plant Genetic Resources Institute IPS Invasive plant species IUCN World conservation union IWRM Integrated Water Resources Management JICA Japanese Cooperation International Agency LAPs Local Action Programmes LARI Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute LAU Lebanese American University LCEC Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation LCECP Lebanese Center for Energy Conservation Project LEDO Lebanese Environment and Development Observatory LME Large Marine Ecosystems LMO Living modified Organisms LMT Lebanon Mountain Trail LNCSR Lebanese National Center for Scientific Research LRF Lebanon Recovery Fund LWQM Litani water quality management LU Lebanese University MAB Man and Biosphere MAP Mediterranean Action Plan MAPs Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Fourth National Report of LEBANON to the Convention on Biological Diversity Page 7 MCM Million Cubic Meters MDG Millenium Development Goal MECINET Mediterranean Citrus Network MEDA II Programme/ Financial instrument of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership MEDASSET The Mediterranean Association to
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