Dachshund Coat Colours and Their Inheritance
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I . the Color Gene C
THE ABC OF COLOR INHERITANCE IN HORSES W. E. CASTLE Division of Genetics, University of California, Berkeley, California Received October, 27, 1947 HE study of color inheritance in horses was begun in the early days of Tgenetics. Indeed many facts concerning it had already been established earlier, by DARWINin his book on “Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication.” At irregular inteivals since then, new attempts have been made to collect and classify in terms of genetic factors the records contained in stud books concerning the colors of colts in relation to the colors of their sires and dams. A full bibliography is given by CREWand BuCHANAN-SMITH (19301. By such studies, we have acquired very full information as to what color a colt may be expected to have, when the color of its parents and grandparents is known. This knowledge is empirical rather than experimental in nature. For horses being slow breeding and expensive are rarely available for direct experi- mental study, such as can be made with the small laboratory mammals, mice, rats, rabbits and guinea pigs. We have definite information that color inheritance in horses involves the existence of mutant genes similar to those demonstrated by experimental studies to be involved in color inheritance of other mammals. But the horse genes have been given special names, as they were successively discovered, and it is difficult at present to correlate them with the better known names and geneic symbols used by the experimental breeders. The present paper is an attempt to make such a correlation. Just as in morphological studies comparative anatomy was found useful and still is used to establish homologies between systems of organs, so in mammalian genetics, a comparative study of gene action in the production of coat colors and color patterns may also be of value. -
Use of Genomic Tools to Discover the Cause of Champagne Dilution Coat Color in Horses and to Map the Genetic Cause of Extreme Lordosis in American Saddlebred Horses
University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science Veterinary Science 2014 USE OF GENOMIC TOOLS TO DISCOVER THE CAUSE OF CHAMPAGNE DILUTION COAT COLOR IN HORSES AND TO MAP THE GENETIC CAUSE OF EXTREME LORDOSIS IN AMERICAN SADDLEBRED HORSES Deborah G. Cook University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Cook, Deborah G., "USE OF GENOMIC TOOLS TO DISCOVER THE CAUSE OF CHAMPAGNE DILUTION COAT COLOR IN HORSES AND TO MAP THE GENETIC CAUSE OF EXTREME LORDOSIS IN AMERICAN SADDLEBRED HORSES" (2014). Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science. 15. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/15 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Veterinary Science at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. -
Official Standard of the French Bulldog General Appearance
Official Standard of the French Bulldog General Appearance: The French Bulldog has the appearance of an active, intelligent, muscular dog of heavy bone, smooth coat, compactly built, and of medium or small structure. Expression alert, curious, and interested. Any alteration other than removal of dewclaws is considered mutilation and is a disqualification. Proportion and Symmetry - All points are well distributed and bear good relation one to the other; no feature being in such prominence from either excess or lack of quality that the animal appears poorly proportioned. Influence of Sex - In comparing specimens of different sex, due allowance is to be made in favor of bitches, which do not bear the characteristics of the breed to the same marked degree as do the dogs. Size, Proportion, Substance: Weight not to exceed 28 pounds; over 28 pounds is a disqualification. Proportion - Distance from withers to ground in good relation to distance from withers to onset of tail, so that animal appears compact, well balanced and in good proportion. Substance - Muscular, heavy bone. Head: Head large and square. Eyes dark in color, wide apart, set low down in the skull, as far from the ears as possible, round in form, of moderate size, neither sunken nor bulging. In lighter colored dogs, lighter colored eyes are acceptable. No haw and no white of the eye showing when looking forward. Ears Known as the bat ear, broad at the base, elongated, with round top, set high on the head but not too close together, and carried erect with the orifice to the front. The leather of the ear fine and soft. -
The Occurrence of Silver Dilution in Horse Coat Colours
ISSN 1392-2130. VETERINARIJA IR ZOOTECHNIKA (Vet Med Zoot). T. 60 (82). 2012 THE OCCURRENCE OF SILVER DILUTION IN HORSE COAT COLOURS Erkki Sild, Sirje Värv and Haldja Viinalass Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 1, 51014 Tartu, Estonia; Tel: +372 731 3469; Fax: +372 742 2344; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The MC1R allele “e” in the homozygous state leads to the production of pheomelanin and is responsible for inhibition of expression of the silver dilution gene (PMEL17 “Z” allele). Horse coat colour is one of the traits breeders select for. A total of 133 horses representing Estonian Native (48), Estonian Heavy Draught (40) and Tori (45) breeds were genotyped for key polymorphisms at C901T in MC1R, the 11 bp deletion in ASIP and C1457T in PMEL17 to determine horse coat colour variation and selection possibilities to increase silver-diluted colours. Our genotyping results showed the “ee” genotype frequency in the MC1R gene to be as follows: Estonian Native 45.8%, Estonian Heavy Draught 65.0%, and Tori 77.8%, and the “Z_” genotype in PMEL17 to be 10.4%, 12.5%, and 0.0%, respectively. Six of total 133 horses with silver dilution were examined for MCOA. No eye abnormalities were detected. Considering the PMEL17 gene singly, silver coat colour could be expressed phenotypically in 12% of genotyped Estonian Heavy Draught horses, but due to unfavourable covariation with the MC1R “e” allele, it only occurred in two per cent of horses. Keywords: ASIP, horse coat colour, MC1R, MCOA, PMEL17, silver phenotype. -
The Show of Colours
THE SHOW OF COLOURS Celebration of every horse SHOWING CLASSES FOR ALL colour – classes for all WITH EVENING PERFORMANCE SPECTACULAR Sunday 7th July 2019 CLASSES FOR ALL HORSES AND PONIES COLOURED, TWO TONE AND SOLID £13.00 Pre entry £15.00 entry on the day Fun classes £10.00 – pre entry and on the day EVENING PERFORMANCE INCLUDING COLOUR PARADE, CLASS AND COLOUR CHAMPIONSHIPS QUALIFYING SHOW FOR CHAPS (UK) OPPORTUNITY TO GAIN POINTS FOR THE HOWE GRAND FINALE AND STEP TOWARDS THE CHANCE TO WIN £500 FOR YOURSELF AND £500 FOR YOU CHOSEN CHARITY QUALIFYING SHOW FOR OUR NEW ECOSSE ELITE TROPHY FOR SCOTTISH BREEDS THE CHANCE TO WIN £100 FOR YOURSELF AND £100 FOR YOU CHOSEN CHARITY QUALIFYING SHOW FOR THE CALEDONIAN SHOWING CHAMPIONSHIPS Please be aware that “Not Before Times” are only as a guide, classes will not start before these times but may start considerably later depending on entries Pre enter on Equo Pre entries close on 3rd July 2019 THE SHOW OF COLOURS – SUNDAY 7th JULY 2019 Welcome to the schedule of the Show of Colours which run in four rings; Ring 1 - Coloured Ring – for all Skewbald and Piebald Ring 2 -Two Tone Ring – for all Roan, Palomino, Spotted and Dun/Buckskin Ring 3 - Solid Ring – for all Black, Grey, Chestnut and Bay Ring 4 - Fun Ring - for all colours Ring 5 - TGCA Scottish Regional Show - The day of showing classes for all horses and ponies of all breeds and types will culminate in an Evening Performance Spectacular. EVENING PERFORMANCE (not before 4.30pm) CONCOURS DE ELEGANCE COLOUR PARADE Free entry – open to all please take part in hand or ridden, details on next page. -
Gene C Profile Test Results
GeneGc Profile Test Results Horse: ByeMe Champagne Owner: Wendall, Jane Horse and Owner Informaon Horse ByeMe Champagne DOB 6/1/2007 Breed Paint Age 7 Color Classic Champagne Sex S Discipline Western Height 14.2 Registry APHA Reg. Number 12345 Sire Bye Bye Baby Dam Super Champagne Sire Reg. 9058-234 Dam Reg. 4314-334 Comments: Excellent Temperament Owner Wendall, Jane Address Tinseltown Phone 555-1212 City Hollywood, CA E-mail [email protected] Zip Code 91604 GeneGc Profile Test Results Horse: ByeMe Champagne Owner: Wendall, Jane Results Summary Coat Color : ByeMe Champagne has one Black allele and one Red allele making the Base coat appear Black. Also detected were single Champagne and Cream alleles; likely resulUng in a rare Champagne Cream color. One copy of the Frame Overo allele is also detected, indicang underlying white patches (hidden By CH). As a result of single gene copies in each of the following, he has a 50% chance of passing Black or Red, Cream and/or Champagne, AgouU and/or Frame Overo alleles to his offspring. Allele Summary: Aa, Ee, Ch, Cr, LWO/n Traits: ByeMe Champagne is a not a carrier of any known recessive disease genes. CauUon is recommended however, as any mare Bred to him should Be Frame Overo negave as to avoid a 25% chance of foal death (+/+ LWO results in a lethal condiUon at Birth). He may also throw Gaited foals when Bred to Gaited (+) mares. Notes: Please note that your analysis is ongoing and may include some regions marked with an asterisk denoUng the following: * Discovery – This gene detecUon is in the -
ARBA Official Breed ID Guide RABBIT Breed Showroom Variety Four Or
AMERICAN RABBIT BREEDERS ASSOCIATION Devoted to the Interest of Raising for Fancy and Commercial Parent Body of All Chartered Local and Specialty Clubs / One National Judging and Registration System PO Bos 5667 Bloomington, IL 61702 Phone: 309-664-7500 Fax: 309-664-0941 Email: [email protected] YOUTH COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSON Tom Berger 53382 Ironwood Rd, South Bend, IN 4635 Phone: 574-243-1183 Email: [email protected] ARBA Official Breed ID Guide RABBIT Breed Showroom Variety Four or Six Class Registration Variety American Blue, White Six Class Blue, White Chestnut, Chinchilla, Lynx, Opal, Squirrel, Black Pointed White, Blue Pointed White, Chocolate Pointed White, Lilac Pointed White, Black, Blue, Blue Eyed White, Chocolate, Lilac, Ruby Eyed White, Sable Point, Siamese Sable, Siamese Smoke American Fuzzy Lop Solid Pattern, Broken Pattern Four Class Pearl, Tortoise Shell, Blue Tortoise Shell, Fawn, Orange, Brokens are to be listed as "Broken" followed by the color comprising the broken (i.e. Broken Black, Broken Tortoise Shell, etc.) American Sable Standard Four Class Standard Black Pointed White, Blue Pointed White, Chocolate Pointed White, Lilac Pointed White, Blue Eyed White, Ruby Eyed White, Chinchilla, Chocolate Chinchilla, Lilac Chinchilla, Squirrel, Chestnut, Chocolate Agouti, Copper, English Angora Colored, White Four Class Lynx, Opal, Black, Blue, Chocolate, Lilac, Sable Pearl, Black Pearl, Blue Pearl, Chocolate Pearl, Lilac Pearl, Sable, Seal, Smoke Pearl, Blue Tortoiseshell, Chocolate Tortoiseshell, Lilac Tortoiseshell, Tortoiseshell, -
The Base Colors: Black and Chestnut the Tail, Called “Foal Fringes.”The Lower Legs Can Be So Pale That It Is Let’S Begin with the Base Colors
Foal Color 4.08 3/20/08 2:18 PM Page 44 he safe arrival of a newborn foal is cause for celebration. months the sun bleaches the foal’s birth coat, altering its appear- After checking to make sure all is well with the mare and ance even more. Other environmental issues, such as type and her new addition, the questions start to fly. What gender quality of feed, also can have a profound effect on color. And as we is it? Which traits did the foal get from each parent? And shall see, some colors do change drastically in appearance with Twhat color is it, anyway? Many times this question is not easily age, such as gray and the roany type of sabino. Finally, when the answered unless the breeder has seen many foals, of many colors, foal shed occurs, the new color coming in often looks dramatical- throughout many foaling seasons. In the landmark 1939 movie, ly dark. Is it any wonder that so many foals are registered an incor- “The Wizard of Oz,” MGM used gelatin to dye the “Horse of a rect—and sometimes genetically impossible—color each year? Different Color,” but Mother Nature does a darn good job of cre- So how do you identify your foal’s color? First, let’s keep some ating the same spectacular special effects on her foals! basic rules of genetics in mind. Two chestnuts will only produce The foal’s color from birth to the foal shed (which generally chestnut; horses of the cream, dun, and silver dilutions must have occurs between three and four months of age) can change due to had at least one parent with that particular dilution themselves; many factors, prompting some breeders to describe their foal as and grays must always have one gray parent. -
Genetic Test Results
Genetic Profile Test Results HORSE ID: 041418 003 Horse: Merlin PACK: 1 Owner: Alecia Baxley Horse and Owner Information Horse Merlin DOB 2018-04-04 Breed Paint (Overo) Age 0 years, 0 months Color Chestnut/Overo Sex Stallion Discipline Halter Height . Registry APHA Reg Number Pending Sire Ententions Dam Shes Forever Cool Sire Reg & No. Quarter 5605512 Dam Reg & No. APHA 996357 Comments . Owner Alecia Baxley Address 968 County Road 2117 Phone 281 592 6550 City, State Cleveland, TX Email [email protected] Postal Code 77327 [email protected] 650.380.2995 www.EtalonDx.com Genetic Profile Test Results HORSE ID: 041418 003 Horse: Merlin PACK: 1 Owner: Alecia Baxley Results Summary Coat Color: Merlin has two Red alleles and no Black, indicating his base coat color appears Red. One Dominant White 20 allele and one Frame/Lethal White Overo allele was also detected which may result in White markings. As a result of the allele count in each of the following, he has a minimum 100% chance of passing Red, and 50% Dominant White 20 and/or Frame/Lethal White Overo to any offspring. Allele aa, ee, W20/n, LWO/n, HYPP/n, CC (Sprint Type) Summary: Traits: Merlin's testing indicated the presence of one Frame/Lethal White Overo (LWO) allele resulting in “Carrier” status. Caution is recommended when breeding to avoid another carrier and thus, 25% chance of foal death. His testing also indicated the presence of one Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis (HYPP) allele indicating “Carrier” and “Possibly Affected” status. Please consult with your veterinarian regarding any medical questions or advice. -
Basic Horse Genetics
ALABAMA A&M AND AUBURN UNIVERSITIES Basic Horse Genetics ANR-1420 nderstanding the basic principles of genetics and Ugene-selection methods is essential for people in the horse-breeding business and is also beneficial to any horse owner when it comes to making decisions about a horse purchase, suitability, and utilization. Before getting into the basics of horse-breeding deci- sions, however, it is important that breeders under- stand the following terms. Chromosome - a rod-like body found in the cell nucleus that contains the genes. Chromosomes occur in pairs in all cells, with the exception of the sex cells (sperm and egg). Horses have 32 pairs of chromo- somes, and donkeys have 31 pairs. Gene - a small segment of chromosome (DNA) that contains the genetic code. Genes occur in pairs, one Quantitative traits - traits that show a continuous on each chromosome of a pair. range of phenotypic variation. Quantitative traits Alleles - the alternative states of a particular gene. The usually are controlled by more than one gene pair gene located at a fixed position on a chromosome will and are heavily influenced by environmental factors, contain a particular gene or one of its alleles. Multiple such as track condition, trainer expertise, and nutrition. alleles are possible. Because of these conditions, quantitative traits cannot be classified into distinct categories. Often, the impor- Genotype - the genetic makeup of an individual. With tant economic traits of livestock are quantitative—for alleles A and a, three possible genotypes are AA, Aa, example, cannon circumference and racing speed. and aa. Not all of these pairs of alleles will result in the same phenotype because pairs may have different Heritability - the portion of the total phenotypic modes of action. -
Color Coat Genetics
Color CAMERoatICAN ≤UARTER Genet HORSE ics Sorrel Chestnut Bay Brown Black Palomino Buckskin Cremello Perlino Red Dun Dun Grullo Red Roan Bay Roan Blue Roan Gray SORREL WHAT ARE THE COLOR GENETICS OF A SORREL? Like CHESTNUT, a SORREL carries TWO copies of the RED gene only (or rather, non-BLACK) meaning it allows for the color RED only. SORREL possesses no other color genes, including BLACK, regardless of parentage. It is completely recessive to all other coat colors. When breeding with a SORREL, any color other than SORREL will come exclusively from the other parent. A SORREL or CHESTNUT bred to a SORREL or CHESTNUT will yield SORREL or CHESTNUT 100 percent of the time. SORREL and CHESTNUT are the most common colors in American Quarter Horses. WHAT DOES A SORREL LOOK LIKE? The most common appearance of SORREL is a red body with a red mane and tail with no black points. But the SORREL can have variations of both body color and mane and tail color, both areas having a base of red. The mature body may be a bright red, deep red, or a darker red appearing almost as CHESTNUT, and any variation in between. The mane and tail are usually the same color as the body but may be blonde or flaxen. In fact, a light SORREL with a blonde or flaxen mane and tail may closely resemble (and is often confused with) a PALOMINO, and if a dorsal stripe is present (which a SORREL may have), it may be confused with a RED DUN. -
By Danne Honour
BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2007 BY D.J.HONOUR BY DANNE HONOUR PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 1 BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2007 BY D.J.HONOUR BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2008 NOTE (Original done in four parts, part 1 1983, part 2 1984, part 3 1986, and part 4 1990) (Poultry covered here includes chickens and excludes other types of poultry) The purpose of this printing, is to furnish breeding information and direction in breeding “Buff’ colored varieties in our breeds of poultry. All four parts were combined for the first time in 2001 and this revised edition contains many more additional articles for 2008. No other booklet contains more articles on buff color breeding and history. A buff of buff. A connoisseur of beige. An admirer of manila. An enthusiast of camel. Edited and Published by Danne J. Honour Dedication; This book is dedicated to the breeders of Buff colored poultry both past and present; who fell in love with the buff color and it’s most fascinating beauty and unique breeding Danne J. Honour 1983 (TABLE OF CONTENTS INCLUDED IN THE BACK OF THE BOOK) PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 2 BUFF COLORATION IN POULTRY 2007 BY D.J.HONOUR HOW TO BREED BUFF IN COCHINS BY H.N.HANCHETT Nov.1904 R.P.J. For the color of males, I favor a medium shade, perhaps a trifle darker than the color of a new gold coin; he should be even in color and with rich buff under color. Wings and tail should be as near solid buff as possible. The females; a shade lighter color than the male and buff to the skin.