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Moderne Audio-Visuelle Datenformate Kundenerwartungen, Übertragungswege Und Technische Standards „„ Impressum

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Moderne Audio-Visuelle Datenformate Kundenerwartungen, Übertragungswege Und Technische Standards „„ Impressum Moderne audio-visuelle Datenformate Kundenerwartungen, Übertragungswege und technische Standards Impressum Herausgeber: BITKOM Bundesverband Informationswirtschaft, Telekommunikation und neue Medien e. V. Albrechtstraße 10 A 10117 Berlin-Mitte Tel.: 030.27576-0 Fax: 030.27576-400 [email protected] www.bitkom.org Ansprechpartner: Michael Schidlack Tel.: 030.27576-232 [email protected] Autoren:: Dr.-Ing. & MBA Ronald Glasberg, Nadja Feldner (Co-Autor) : Redaktion Arbeitskreis Consumer Content, Vorsitz. Björn Kreutzfeld (Fujitsu), 2. Vorsitz: Wolfgang Neifer (WIBU-Systems), Michael Schidlack (BITKOM) Gestaltung / Layout: Design Bureau kokliko / Anna Müller-Rosenberger (BITKOM) Copyright: BITKOM Febraur 2009 Moderne audio-visuelle Datenformate Moderne audio-visuelle Datenformate Kundenerwartungen, Übertragungswege und technische Standards Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einführung 3 2 Was wünschen sich die Endkunden? 4 2.1 Endgeräte & Applikationen 4 2.2 Trends 6 3 Wie gelangt der AV-Content zu den Kunden - Übertragungswege? 8 3.1 Drahtlose Technologien 9 3.2 Drahtgebundene Technologien 10 4 Moderne Codecs 12 4.1 Was ist ein Codec? 12 4.2 Ausgewählte Videocodecs 13 4.3 Ausgewählte Audiocodecs 14 5 Moderne AV-Formate 16 5.1 Ausgewählte Videoformate 16 5.2 Ausgewählte Audioformate 17 5.3 Ausgewählte Bildformate 18 5.4 Ausgewählte Containerformate 2 0 6 Zusammenfassung & Anregungen 23 Anhang: Arbeitskreis Consumer & Content Abbildungen Abb. 1: Schematische Gliederung der Arbeit in „Applikationen, Devices, Übertragungsnetze und AV-Content“ 3 Abb. 2: Haushaltsausstattung mit CE in 06/2008 4 Abb. 3: Interesse der Verbraucher an Applikationen über ihren Fernseher im Wohnzimmer in 06/2008 5 Abb. 4: Darstellung der zur Verfügung stehenden Übertragungswege am Beispiel „Digitale Fotos“ 8 Abb. 5: Vereinfachtes Blockschaltbild eines Codecs „Kodier-Dekodier-System“ zur Übertragung AV-Daten 12 Abb. 6: Beispiele einiger Containerformate 20 Tabellen Tab. 1: Leistungsdaten der RFID-Technologie 9 Tab. 3: Auflistung einiger ausgewählter Audio-Codecs 15 Tab. 4: : Auflistung einiger ausgewählter Video-Formate 16 Tab. 5: : Auflistung einiger ausgewählter Audio-Formate 17 Tab. 6: Auflistung einiger ausgewählter Bildformate (Raster) 18 Tab. 7: Auflistung einiger ausgewählter Bildformate (Vektor) 19 Tab. 8: Auflistung einiger ausgewählter Container-Formate 21 2 Moderne audio-visuelle Datenformate 1 Einführung Seit einigen Jahren wachsen die ehemals getrennten Welche Applikationen und Endgeräte wünschen sich Funktionalitäten von Endgeräten der klassischen Unter- die Kunden? haltungselektronik CE - wie z.B. das Aufnehmen und Wie- Wie gelangt der AV-Content zu den Kunden dergeben von Musikstücken, Bildern und Videofilmen via - Übertragungswege? Audio-Anlage, Camcorder, Videorekorder, TV - und Funk- Welche Bedeutung haben Codecs und was versteht tionalitäten aus der IT- und Telekommunikationsbranche man unter AV-Formaten? ITK – wie z.B. das Telefonieren und Surfen im Internet via Handy und PC u.v.m. – zusammen. Für eine Beantwortung dieser Fragen durchschreiten wir in dieser Arbeit die in Abb. 1 dargestellten Katego- Dieser sogenannte „konvergente Trend“ kommt den rien Applikationen und Devices, Übertragungswege und Wünschen der Kunden, nach ausgeklügelten Audio-, AV-Content. Video- und Datenapplikationen mit einigen wenigen „smarten“ Endgeräten entgegen, frei nach dem Motto: „Everything anytime, anywhere and on any device”. In diesem Zusammenhang treten unmittelbar folgende Fragen auf: Entertainment Communication Computing ve s Social Communities Spiele Meeting Web Surfing Telearbeit App‘ Fotos, Musik, Filme Online Gaming SMS, Chat, Email e-Commerce Videokonferenzen Home & Mo s K & IT & CE Device e tz Wireless Fixed Bluetooth, DECT, GSM, RFID, UMTS, WLAN etc. Ethernet, Konnex, Powerline etc. d & Mobile Ne xe Fi n te User generated Content TV-Stationen & Runfunk -Da Foto, Musik und Video Communities etc. Cartoon, Commercial, Musik, News und Sportsendungen etc AV Content Abb. 1: Schematische Gliederung der Arbeit in „Applikationen, Devices, Übertragungsnetze und AV-Content“ 3 2 Was wünschen sich die Endkunden? Auf diese Fragestellung kann man nicht generell antwor- 2.1 Endgeräte & Applikationen ten, da bei jedem Kunden bzw. in jedem Haushalt andere Lebensrhythmen und Lebensumstände vorherrschen. Es Nach Angaben der befragten Haushalte besitzen 86% ein kommt beispielsweise darauf an, wie viele Personen in Handy, 54% eine digitale Kamera, 41% einen MP3-Player, dem jeweiligen Haushalt leben, wie der Tagesablauf der 23% Spielkonsolen, 21% ein Navigationsgerät und einen Familie aussieht, in welchem Alter die Kinder sind, ob die Flachbild-TV. Bewohner berufstätig sind, etc. Geht man von einem Fernsehgerät als zentrales Device im In diesem Zusammenhang wurden 2008 im Auftrag der Wohnzimmer aus, so möchten 35% darüber ihre Digital- BITKOM rund 1000 repräsentativ ausgewählte deutsche fotos anschauen, 30% in der eigenen Musiksammlung Haushalte zu ihrer Ausstattung mit digitalen Produkten stöbern und 24% auf Dateien und Anwendungen des der Unterhaltungselektronik, sowie zu ihrem Nutzungs- Computers über ihren Fernseher zuzugreifen. verhalten und Wünschen befragt. Handy 85,5% Digitalkameras 53,7% MP3 Player 40,7% Spielekonsolen 22,9% Tragbares Navigationsgerät 21,1% Flachbildschirmfernseher 21,0% Abb. 2: Haushaltsausstattung mit CE in 06/2008 4 Moderne audio-visuelle Datenformate Ich möchte über den Fernseher... Digitalfotos anschauen 34,7% 28,0% in meiner Musiksammlung stöbern 30,2% und Musik hören 5,6% auf Dateien und Anwendungen des 23,5% Computers zugreifen 4,4% Spielfilme herunterladen 29,4% 4,4% im Internet surfen 24,9% 3,0% Musik herunterladen 19,6% 2,2% E-Mails lesen 19,1% und schreiben 1,5% Interesse, aber noch keine Nutzung 13,3% online spielen Nutze ich bereits 1,3% Videotelefongespräche 21,1% führen 1,2% Abb. 3: Interesse der Verbraucher an Applikationen über ihren Fernseher im Wohnzimmer in 06/2008 Für 29% erscheint es attraktiv, direkt über den Fernseher Interessant dabei ist, daß die genannten Wünsche bisher Spielfilme herunterzuladen, und fast 25% möchten über nur zu einem geringen Teil erfüllt wurden, obwohl die den Fernseher auch im Internet surfen. Auf den weiteren technischen Voraussetzungen durchaus schon existieren! Plätzen folgen u.a. das Herunterladen von Musik 20% und das Spielen von Online-Games mit 14%. 5 2.2 Trends Interaktivität und Mitbestimmung von Programmen Folgende Trends zeichnen sich am Horizont der multime- dialen Landschaft ab: Ermöglicht durch die Rückkanalfähigkeit der Infrastruk- turen wird interaktives Fernsehen für die Konsumenten immer mehr zu einer Selbstverständlichkeit. Abstimmun- User generated Content in Social gen und die Teilnahme an Spielen und Wettbewerben Communities sind nicht mehr allein den Zuschauern im Publikum vorbehalten, sondern schließen auch die Zuschauer im Getrieben von der Breitbandpenetration haben die Konsu- Wohnzimmer ein. Das wachsende Partizipations- und menten das Internet als neues Kommunikationsmedium Selbstdarstellungsbedürfnis des Konsumenten kann erschlossen. Es entwickeln sich umfangreiche Social Com- künftig in Echtzeit über Chat und Live-Einschaltungen munities, wie z.B. Foto-, Musik- und Video-Communities befriedigt werden. Schon heute sind interaktive Formate auf den Internetseiten von Flickr, Youtube etc., in denen besonders erfolgreich. der User eigenen „User Generated Content“ einfügen und diesen anschließend mit Freunden und Bekannten teilen kann. Multi-Device-Konsum und Ease of Use Konsumenten machen sich die wachsende Konvergenz Personalisierung von Inhalten und Interoperabilität der Endgeräte zunutze und konsu- mieren Inhalte geräteunabhängig. Bilder und Videos wer- Im TV-Segment machen Video-on-Demand Angebote den sowohl auf dem TV-Gerät als auch auf dem PC, dem (VOD) sowie Personal Video Recorder (PVR) die Konsu- Mobilfunkgerät oder über die Spielkonsolen betrachtet. menten unabhängig von vorgegebenen Sendungen der Audio-Inhalte wandern zwischen Stereoanlage, Notebook Broadcast-Stationen. Persönliche TV-Assistenten, die und MP-3 Player hin und her. Zugleich stellen die Konsu- nach den Interessen des einzelnen Zuschauers TV-Kanäle menten auch erhöhte Ansprüche an die Einfachheit und auf Basis des konventionellen Fernsehprogramms sowie Unmittelbarkeit der Anwendung. Zentralisierte Benutzer- aller verfügbaren Internet-Video-Angebote intelligent oberflächen und integrative Plug-and-Play-Geräte helfen zusammenstellen, erleichtern dies zusätzlich. Nachrich- dem Konsumenten bei der wachsenden Herausforderung ten werden von zuvor personalisierten Websites nach seines digitalen Lifestyles die Oberhand zu behalten. Interessengebieten vorgefiltert und über Web-Feeds und Push-Services auf jedwedes Gerät geliefert. So macht sich der Konsument vom Angebot der Content-Provider Smarte Entertainment-Geräte unabhängig und übernimmt selbst die Rolle des Pro- grammdirektors. Weiterhin gibt es eine Gruppe von Große technische Komponenten wie z.B. Lautsprecher „passiven“ Konsumenten, die ihren Medienkonsum direkt werden in Wänden, Schranktüren, etc. verbaut und aus vordefinierten Programmen befriedigen. lassen sich ohne zusätzliche Elektronik an Verstärker anschließen. 6 Moderne audio-visuelle Datenformate Mehr und mehr Geräte können mit dem Internet verbun- Geräten und vor allem auf ihren mobilen Abspielgeräten den und vor allem untereinander vernetzt werden. Das nutzen können – und das unkompliziert und jederzeit an Herunterladen von Musik und Videos ist ein Beispiel für jedem Ort! eine Funktion,
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