Divisions:

1)Fundus: is dome-shaped projects upward , It is usually full of gas. 2)Body: This extends from level of cardiac orifice to incisura angularis ( constant notch in lower part of lesser curvature ). 3) Antrum: extends from incisura angularis to pylorus.

4) Pylorus: This is the most tubular part of stomach, thick muscular wall called pyloric sphincter and the cavity of pylorus is pyloric canal (length of canal 2.5 cm).  Two Openings : *Cardiac orifice. *Pyloric orifice.

 Two Curvatures : * Greater curvature. *Lesser curvature.

 Two Surfaces : *Anterior surface. *posterior surface. The cardiac orifice is where esophagus enters stomach & it has a physiologic sphincter exists that prevents regurgitation of stomach contents into esophagus .

The circular muscle coat of pylorus is much thicker here and forms anatomical pyloric sphincter Lesser curvature forms right border of stomach extends from cardiac orifice to pylorus.

Greater curvature is much longer than lesser curvature ,extends from left of cardiac orifice over dome of fundus & along left border of stomach to pylorus . 1)Lesser omentum: suspended lesser curvature to liver.

2)Greater omentum: extends from the greater curvature to the transverse colon.

3) Gastrosplenic ligament : extends from upper part of greater curvature to spleen . Relations:

Anteriorly:

Anterior abdominal wall

Left costal margin

Left pleura and lung

Diaphragm

Left lobe of the liver . Posteriorly:  The lesser sac

Diaphragm

spleen , splenic artery

left suprarenal gland

upper part of left kidney

pancreas

transverse mesocolon.

transverse colon Arteries: 1) The left gastric artery : arises from celiac artery. It passes upward & to the left reach esophagus and then descends along the lesser curvature of stomach. It supplies lower part of esophagus and upper right part of stomach. 2)The right gastric artery : It arises from hepatic artery at upper border of pylorus. It supplies lower right part of stomach.

3)The short gastric arteries: It arise from splenic artery at hilum of spleen & supply the fundus. 4)The left gastroepiploic artery: it arises from splenic artery at hilum of spleen & supply stomach along upper part of greater curvature.

5)The right gastroepiploic artery: it arises from gastroduodenal branch of hepatic artery & supplies the lower part of greater curvature. Veins: 1)The left & right gastric veins: drain directly into portal vein.

2)The short gastric veins & left gastroepiploic veins: join the splenic vein then to portal vein.

3)The right gastroepiploic vein: joins the superior mesenteric vein then to portal vein. Lymph Drainage:

All lymph from the stomach eventually passes to the celiac nodes located around the root of the celiac artery on the posterior abdominal wall. 1)Sympathetic Fibers : pain-transmitting fibers by celiac plexus. 2)Parasympathetic Fibers :secretomotor fibers: a)Anterior vagal trunk : left vagus supply the anterior surface of the stomach ,large hepatic branch & pyloric branch. b)Posterior vagal trunk: right vagus supply posterior surface of the stomach, large branch to the celiac & superior mesenteric plexuses and is distributed to the intestine .

The mucous membrane of the stomach is thick and vascular and is thrown into numerous folds (rugae) that are mainly longitudinal in direction The folds flatten out when the stomach is distended. Portal tributary systemic tributary

 lower 1/3 esophagus: Middle 1/3 esophagus : esophageal branches of left esophageal veins draining in gastric vein. Azygos veins. Upper 1/2 of anal canal: Lower 1/2 of anal canal: superior rectal veins. middle & inferior rectal veins (internal pudendal vein). The veins of ascending The renal, lumbar& phrenic colon, descending colon, veins . duodenum, pancreas &liver . Portosystemic Anastmosis Portal tributary Systemic tributary

The connection of left The superficial veins of branch of portal vein with the anterior abdominal paraumbilical veins travel in wall. falciform ligament.