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Periodic Table Metals and Metallurgy

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Periodic Table Metals and Metallurgy PERIODIC TABLE The metal which regulates The metal with highest melting Blood Pressure in human point is Tungsten. (3868K) There are 116 elements known beings is sodium. The most harmful metal to today, out by which 90 are human beings is Lead. naturally existing. The metal related to arthritis is Potassium. Lead has poorest electrical The first man made element is conductivity, silver has Technicium (atomic no: 43) The metal present in Insulin is zinc. highest electrical and thermal Promethium is also a man made conductivity. element (atomic no: 63) Zinc is concentrated on the eyes of human beings. The lightest and simplest Man made elements are known element (gas) - hydrogen. as transuranics. The most common halide by weight in earth’s crust is Metals kept under kerosene Modern Periodic Table is Fluoride. are Sodium, Potassium, based on atomic number of Caesium etc. elements. Liquid metals at room - temperature are Iodine is also kept under Mendeleev’s Periodic Table is Mercury, Gallium, Caesium, kerosene. based on atomic weights. The lightest metal element - Francium. The father of periodic table is lithium Liquid non-metal at room- Mendeleev. The heaviest gaseous element temperature is Bromine. The most common element in - radon The non-metal, which shows the universe -hydrogen. The heaviest (densest) electric conductivity Graphite The most ionic compound is element - osmium (Carbon) caesium fluoride. Most stable element - Lead The natural element having Most electronegative element Lithium is kept by covering highest atomic weight is - is Fluorine. with paraffin wax. Uranium. Most electropositive element is Francium (or Caesium). The element with highest METALS AND melting point is Carbon The element which shows METALLURGY highest electron affinity is (diamond) (4000K) Metallurgy is the various chlorine. process involved in the Noble gases are listed in extraction of metal from its group 18 of modern periodic ores. table. Ore is the mineral from which Enemy of copper is Sulphur. the metal is conveniently and Non-ferrous metal is economically extracted Aluminium. Ore has definite composition White phosphorus is a strong (formula) poison. As it burns itself in the Clay is the mineral of air it is preserved under water. Aluminium. Red phosphorus is non- Bauxite and cryolite are the poisonous - It is used in the main ores of Aluminium. manufacture of match boxes. Sulphide ores are purified by The most abundant metal in Froth-floatation process. The father of periodic table earth's crust is Aluminium Tinstone, Pyrolusite etc are Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev was a The most common element by purified by magnetic Russian chemist and inventor. He weight in earth’s crust is separation. is credited as being the creator of Oxygen. Calcination is the process of the first version of the periodic table The most common element in heating the ore below its the atmosphere - Nitrogen. of elements. Metal Ore Important minerals and 1. Aluminium Bauxite major places in India 2. Iron Haematite, Magnetite, Iron pyrites Nitre (Potassium) 3. Copper Copper pyrites, copper glance, malachite Bengal & Haryana 4 Zinc Zinc blend, calamine Magnesite, Dolomite (Magnesium) 5. Uranium Pitch blend, Carnotite Tamil Nadu 6. Thorium Monozite Gypsum, Limestone (Calcium) 7. Lead Galena, Litharge, Cerussite Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, J & K, M.P. 8. Magnesium Magnesite Bauxite (Aluminium) 9. Sodium Rock salt (Halite) Orissa, Tamil Nadu, J & K 10. Antimony Stibnite Tinstone (Tin) 11. Manganese Pyrolusite Bihar, Orissa 12. Chromium Chromite Chromite (Chromium) 13. Nickel Garnierite, pentlandite Bihar, Karnataka, Orissa, Tamil 14. Titanium Rutile Nadu. 15. Silver Argentite, Pyrargyrite, Stephanite, Born silver Pyrolusite (Manganese) 16. Mercury Cinnabar Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka. 17. Lithium Petalite, Lepidolite Haematite (Iron) Bihar, Karnataka 18. Potassium Carnallite, Sylvine kainite Cobaltite (Cobalt) 19. Calcium Gypsum, Limestone, Dolomite, Fluorspar Rajasthan 20. Barium Barite Copper pyrites (Copper) 21. Zinc Zincite, Sphalerite Bihar, M.P, Orissa 22. Tin Cassiterite Native Gold (Gold) Karnataka, A.P melting point in absence of air in Living Organisms -------- Zinc Blende (Zinc) to remove volatile impurities Vanedium, Potassium. Rajasthan like , Arsenic etc. Most abundant metal present water are chlorine, sodium, Roasting is the process in in developed animals ......... magnesium, sulphur, calcium, which the ore is heated below Calcium. potassium, carbon etc. its melting point in presence Most abundant element The halogens extracted from of air to oxidise the impurities. present in our body –– oxygen. sea-water are chlorine and eg: Carbon, Sulphur etc remo- Most abundant compound bromine. ved as their gaseous oxides. present in animals ..................... The atmosphere mainly Gangue is the impurity present Water. consists of nitrogen (78.09%) in the ore. Magnesium is concentrated in and oxygen(20.95%) Generally gangue is silica. chloroplast. Lithosphere is the solid phase Flux is the substance used to Major metals present in of the earth and is made of neutralise and remove gangue chloroplast are magnesium, different types of rocks. as slag. manganese, copper and iron. Lithosphere is the major Acidic flux is silica. Some elements behave source of metals. Basic flux is limestone. chemically both as metals and Most abundant elements of Metals extracted from sea- non-metals. Such metals are earth’s crust are silicon and water are magnesium and called metalloids. Eg: Boron, oxygen - (about 75%) sodium. Silicon, Germanium etc. Core is the central portion of Metals generally accumulated Major elements present in sea- earth. Metallic Core valuable metals Metal present in the bath soap like Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, is potassium. Nickel, Copper, Irdium, Metals usually combine with Platinum, Gold etc. oxygen to form basic oxides. Sulphide Layer contains The first metal to be used by phosphorus, sulphur, zinc, man is copper. cadmium, tin, antimony, Some metals react with water. Sodium reacts violently even bismuth, lead, mercury etc. with cold water forming Most abundant metal present sodium hydroxide and in blood is Potassium. hydrogen. Gold does not react The elements which lose even with steam. electrons in chemical reaction Georg Agricola, author of Some metals react with acid and are called metals. De re metallica, an important replace the hydrogen atom in A metal is an electropositive early book on metal extraction their molecules. Gold, Copper element which is hard, and silver are unaffected with lustrous, malleable, ductile hydrochloric acid. with tensile strength, and a ing. This is a measure of their Mercury is the metal having good conductor of heat and tensile strength. Some metals lowest melting point electricity. like tungsten have very high (–390C). tensile strength. Wrought iron is the purest type Metals form basic or of iron that contains least amphoteric oxides. Mercury and gallium are met- als which are liquids at room amount of carbon. A non-metal is an electro temperature. When iron rusts, its weight in- negative element which occurs creases. The hardest metal is chromium. as solids, liquids and gases.. Aluminium is the most abun- Heaviest metal occuring in na- They are generally poor dant metal in the earth’s crust. ture is uranium. conductors of heat and Extraction of metals from their electricity. The first known super ores and refining them for use Non-metallic solids are usually conductor is mercury. is called metallurgy. soft and brittle. Metals like gold and copper are Titanium is the metal of future. Non-metals form acidic or mostly found in old igneous Sparkling and colour after the neutral oxides. rocks. blast of fire cracker is due to Silver is the best conductor of The metal which is least the presence of strontium. heat and electricity. affected by the exposure to the Enamels are mixtures of sili- cates, backed on to iron or steel Metals can be hammered into atmosphere is tin. object. very thin sheets. This property Radium is used in the dials of clocks. Iron coated with zinc is called is called malleability. Gold and galvanised iron and with tin is Cobalt is useful in making rust silver are among the best mal- called tin - plate. resistant alloys. leable metals. Element extracted from The property of metals capable ‘King of metal’ is gold. monozite sand is thorium. of being drawn into wires is Silver, platinum and gold are White phosphorous is a strong known as ductility. Gold is the known as noble metals. poison. most ductile of all the metals. Platinum metal occurs in its pure In high temperature thermo The metal, silver is an excellent form in earth’s crust. meters, the space above the reflector. Mercury flows so easily and mercury column is filled with Metals can be stretched to rapidly that it is sometimes nitrogen to reduce its evapo- some degree without fractur- called quick silver. ration. Alloys Constituent Metals Uses 1. Steel Iron (Fe), Carbon (C) Construction of ships, tanks, railway lines, bridges and machinery. 2. Aluminium, Bronze Aluminium (Al), Copper (Cu) To make coins, statues. 3. Invar Iron (Fe), Nickel (Ni) To make clock pendulum. 4. Bronze Copper (Cu) Tin (Sn) Statues, Ornaments, coins, cooking utensils, (Bell metal) bells and medals. 5. Alnico Aluminium (Al), Nickel (Ni), To make magnets Cobalt (CO), Iron (Fe) 6. Nichrome Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr), To make heating elements Iron (Fe) 7. Manganese
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