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Cnescnesle MAGAZINE D’INFORMATION DU Centremag NATIONAL D’ÉTUDES SPATIALES cnescnesLE MAGAZINE D’INFORMATION DU CENTREmag NATIONAL D’ÉTUDES SPATIALES N°50 07/2011 L’ESPACE AU SERVICE DU PATRIMOINE MONDIAL Space serving world heritage EXOBIOLOGIE D’OÙ VENONS-NOUS ? OÙ SOMMES-NOUS ? Exobiology - Where are we from? Where are we now? PASCAL PICQ La vie extraterrestre sous le regard du paléoanthropologue Life ‘out there’ - a paleoanthropologist’s perspective ERATJ sommaire contents N°50 - 07/2011 04 04 / 15 news ATV-2, la fin de l’aventure ATV2 - Mission accomplished Un ballon pour la prison A balloon for prison 11 C’Space 2011, les projets étudiants s’envolent C’Space 2011 - Student projects on the launch pad politique 16 16 / 29 Business & politics Interview exclusive de Rodolphe Alexandre, président de la région Guyane, à l’occasion de l’Année des outre-mer Exclusive interview with Rodolphe Alexandre, President of the French Guiana regional council, marking French overseas territories year Nereus assure la promotion des régions européennes utilisatrices d’espace NEREUS networks European space user regions Histoire d’espace: La France dans l’exploration martienne Space history: France and Mars exploration société 30 30 / 37 Society Des sites forestiers classés par l’Unesco sous surveillance spatiale UNESCO natural heritage forests monitored from space Le mystère de L’Oiseau blanc The mystery of L’Oiseau blanc 38 / 55 dossier Special report Exobiologie, à la recherche d’une autre vie Special Report: Exobiology - Looking for other-worldly life 56 / 64 Monde World L’agence spatiale japonaise face à la catastrophe JAXA supports emergency response Europe : la communication de la Commission Europe: EC charts the way ahead 65 / 71 culture Arts & living Chapelle des îles du Salut, appel à souscription Fundraising appeal for Îles du Salut chapel restoration Faites décoller Ariane sur votre Iphone Ariane launches on iPhone 56 CNESMAG journal trimestriel de communication externe du Centre national d’études spatiales. 2 place Maurice-Quentin. 75039 Paris Cedex 01. Adresse postale pour abonnement: 18 avenue Édouard-Belin. 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9. Tél.: + 33 (0) 5 61283390. Internet: http://www.cnes.fr/ Cette revue est réalisée par le Service de la communication institutionnelle. Elle est membre de l’Union des journaux et journalistes d’entreprises de France (UJJEF) Abonnement: [email protected]. CNESMAG quarterly review of the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – 2 place Maurice-Quentin 75039 Paris cedex 01 – France – Postal address for subscriptions: 18 avenue Edouard Belin 31401 Toulouse cedex 9 – France. Phone: +33 (0) 561273 469. Website: http://www.cnes.fr. This review is produced by the CNES Corporate Communications Office, a member of the French union of corporate publications and journalists (UJJEF). Subscriptions: [email protected]. Directeur de la publication/Publication director: Yannick d’Escatha. Responsables édi- toriaux/Editorial directors: Pierre Tréfouret, Joëlle Brami. Rédactrice en chef/Editor-in-chief: Brigitte Thomas. Rubrique News: Liliane Feuillerac. Politique/Business & Politics: Brigitte Thomas. Société/Society: Marie-Claude Siron. Dossier/Special Report: Brigitte Thomas. Europe/Europe: Geneviève Gargir. Monde/World: Brigitte Thomas. Culture/Arts & Living: Marie-Claude Siron. Avec l’aide de/Contributors: Laurence Amen, Jacques Arnould, Jean-Marc Astorg, Karol Barthélémy, Anne Bellanova, Benoît Boissin, Pascale Bresson, Fabienne Casoli, Sylvain Charrier, Philippe Collot, Chantal Delabarre, Romain Desplats, Danièle DeStaerke, Claire Dramas, Franck Durand-Carrier, Astrid Emerit, Isabelle Fratter, Alain Gaboriaud, Geneviève Gargir, David Guelou, Anita Gonzalez, Olivier La Marle, Marie-Pierre Joseph-Alberton, Séverine Klein, Anne-Marie Laborde, Murielle Lafaye, Olivier Lamarle, Catherine Lambert, Carole Larigauderie, Van Chuong Le, Élisabeth Moussine-Pouchkine, Jean-Gabriel Parly, Nicolas Pillet, Amélie Proust, Chantal Raynaud, Francis Rocard, Michel Rouzé, Aurélie Sand, Florence Seroussi, Martial Vanhove, Gwenaelle Verpeaux. Traduction/English text: Boyd Vincent. Conseil iconographique/Artwork and picture consultant: Serge Delmas. Photothèque/Photos: Marie-Claire Fontebasso. Crédits photos/Photo credits: © CNES/Rea/L. Marin, 2010 (p.3) – © NEWS : CNES/ P. Kolko (p.4-5), Nasa (p.6 bas), Isro (p.6), Andy Kropa/Redux-Rea (p.7), Esa-CNES- Arianespace/Optique Video du CSG/R. Liétar (p7), IRD/N. Moiroux (p.8), Snecma (p.8), Esa/Herschel/Programme Gould Belt (p.9), Maya George, Latmos/IPSL/ULB (p.9), CNES/J. Chetrit (p.10), CLS (p.10), CNES/O. Pascaud (p.11-12), IRD/M. Dukhan (p.13), CNES (p.13), Direction de l’administration pénitentiaire (p.14), Snecma (p.14), CNES/E. Grimault (p.15) – © POLITIQUE : CNES/A. Cercueil (p.17-18), CNES/P. Kolko (p.19), Esa-Cnes-Arianespace/Optique Vidéo CSG/P. Baudon (p.20), CNES/Spotimage (p.21), Nereus (p.21), Afp Photo/M. Lorenzo (p.22), CNES/P. Kolko (p.23-24), Esa/S. Corvaja (p.24), CNES/O. Pascaud (p.25), CNES/Rea/L. Marin (p.25), CNES/O. Pascaud (p.26), CNES/P. Kolko (p.27) –HISTOIRE : CNES/C. Bardou (p.28), Itar-Tass (p.28) – © SOCIETE : Rebecca Blackwell/AP/Sipa (p.31), Norbert Wu/Science Faction/Corbis (p.32), Université de Gand/W. Gheyle (p.33), Gavin Hellier/Robert Harding World Imagery/Corbis (p.33), UNHCR/S. Momodu (p.34), UNHCR/G. Gordon (p35), J-C. l’Espagnol/Max’Images (p.36), Fotolia (p.37), carte CNES/Sertit/CRPF/Spotimage (p.37) –© DOSSIER : Eso/H.H. Heyer (p.38-39), CNES/J-P. Haigneré, 1999 (p.40), Michel Viso (p.41), DR (p.42), Esa/Nasa/JPL (p.42), Nasa (p.43), Nasa/JPL/Space Science Institute (p.44), Nasa-JPL (p.45), Biosphoto/P. Rona/OAR/National Undersea Research Program/NOAA (p.46), Michel Maurette (p.47), Nasa/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona (p.48-49-50), Esa/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Neukum) (p.50), CNES/P. Jalby (p.51), Nasa/JPL-Caltech (p.52-53), Roscosmos (p.53), Nasa (p.54), Esa (p.54), N. GrandLisa/Latmos (p.55) –© MONDE : Shiho Fukada/The New York Times-Redux-Rea (p.57), Sipa/AP (p.58), JPL/Nasa (p.59), CNES/O. Pascaud (p.61), Romanian Space Agency (p.63), Commission européenne (p.62), Esa/S. Corvaja (p.63), AFP Photo/RIA-Novosti/Kremlin Pool/Dimitry Astakhov (p64), Image Source/Rea (p.64) – © CULTURE : Esa/Arianespace/Activité optique vidéo CSG (p.67), photo ASM/France Guyane (p.67), CNES (p.68), CNES/G. Tavernier (p.68), CNES/M. Dupuis (p70).Pour tout renseignement,contacter la photothèque au Tél.: + 33 (0) 5 61 474878./For more information, contact the photo library on +33 (0) 561 474 878. Création/Réalisation maquette/Design and pre-press: TONGA/Véronique Nouailhetas. Impression/Printing: Ménard : ISSN 1283-9817. Couverture/Cover: © Frans Lanting/Corbis 2 / cnes mag JUILLET 2011 de l’espace pour la terre Billet d’humeur de + SUPPLÉMENTD’INFORMATION cnes mag 11 Pierre Tréfouret Directeur de la communication externe, de l’éducation et des affaires publiques, CNES Director of External Communications, Exobiologie / Exobiology Une exploration Exploring worlds apart Education and Public Relations, CNES LILIANE FEUILLERAC FOR CNES au cœur d’un autre monde Ever since Fontenelle (1686), authors have often dreamed of other-worldly life and scientists are LILIANE FEUILLERAC POUR LE CNES still searching for it today. In 1995, Swiss a vie « ailleurs » Depuis Fontenelle (1686), les écrivains en ont souvent rêvé, les scienti- astronomers Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz detected the first planet outside the Solar System, fiques continuent à la chercher. En 1995, les astronomes suisses Michel Mayor et in the Pegasus constellation, a discovery that L Didier Queloz détectent une première planète hors du Système solaire, dans la constel- sparked a flurry of observations and technology lation de Pégase. Cette découverte déclenche une multitude d’observations et stimule improvements. In all, 560 exoplanets have since been found using various methods. les améliorations technologiques. Depuis, toutes méthodes confondues, plus de 560 exopla- Today, the young, cross-disciplinary science of nètes ont été détectées. Aujourd’hui, l’exobiologie, une jeune science qui rassemble les exobiology is looking for a sign, a trace of life in the Universe and studying the origin of life on connaissances de nombreuses disciplines, cherche un signe, une trace d’une vie dans l’Univers Earth. Each discipline—physics, chemistry, et étudie l’origine de la vie sur Terre. Des disciplines scientifiques diverses: physique, chimie, mathematics, astronomy, biology, geology and others—seeks to resolve the riddle of life and its mathématiques, astronomie, biologie, géologie… abordent, chacune avec ses outils, la ques- evolution with its own tools. All these fields are tion de la vie et de l’évolution du vivant. Une large place leur est faite dans les programmes widely covered in the high-school curriculum. des lycées. S’intéresser aux singularités de la Terre, en étudier les particularités au regard de Studying Earth’s singular features with respect to its mass and distance from the Sun, defining sa masse, de sa distance au Soleil, définir les zones d’habilité autour des étoiles, comprendre habitability zones around stars and understanding la parenté chimique entre vivant et non-vivant… sont autant de points passionnants, notam- how living and non-living things are chemically related are fascinating subjects, particularly for ment pour les élèves des classes de seconde en SVT. 10th grade life and Earth science classes. Portrait Profile Philippe Laudet www.cnes.fr > P. 4 www.cnes.fr/enseignants-et-mediateurs/ SUPPLÉMENT CNES MAG N°50 / JUILLET 2011 Supplément pédagogique CNESMAG Educ Educational supplement L’étoffe d’un héros tudy hard, work hard, don’t be afraid of failure! » Charles Bolden n’a pas pris de gants, sinon ceux de l’astronaute, pour s’adresser aux jeunes lycéens français, qu’il S avait tenu à rencontrer à l’occasion de sa venue à Paris. Autant l’avouer: j’ai aimé « le message de cet ancien marine qui a combattu au Vietnam, de cet ancien astro- naute aux quatre missions à bord de la navette, aujourd’hui patron de la Nasa.
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