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First Report of Alopecurus Arundinaceus, A Journal of Plant Pathology (2006), 88 (1), 121-125 Edizioni ETS Pisa, 2006 121 DISEASE NOTE DISEASE NOTE FIRST REPORT OF ALOPECURUS FIRST RECORD OF CHESTNUT ARUNDINACEUS, A. MYOSUROIDES, BLIGHT IN IRAN HORDEUM VIOLACEUM, AND PHLEUM PRATENSE AS HOSTS OF CLAVICEPS M. Niknejad Kazempour1, S.A. Khodaparast1, PURPUREA POPULATION G2 IN TURKEY M. Salehi2, B. Amanzadeh2, A. Nejat-Salary3 and B.K. Shiraz2 C. Eken1, S. Pazoutova2, A. Honzatko 2 and S. Yıldız1 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. 1 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Box 41635, 1314 Rasht, Iran Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey 2 Natural Resources and Domestic Animals Research, 2 Guilan Province, Iran Institute of Microbiology CAS, Videnska 1083, 3 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic Natural Resources and Domestic Animals Research, Alborz-Karaj, Iran Ergot (Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul.) was observed on Diseased chestnut trees (Castanea sativa) were ob- Alopecurus arundinaceus Poir., Alopecurus myosuroides served in surveys conducted from 2001 to 2005 in the Huds., Hordeum violaceum Boiss. et Huet and Phleum forests of Visroud, Imamzadeh Ebrahim, Fuman, and pratense L. in Erzurum, Turkey, during late spring and Shafaroud, the main growing areas of chestnut in Iran. summer of 2002 and 2003. The early stage of ergot is rec- Affected plants had declining or dead branches and ognized by an appearance of thick conidia-laden “honey- sprouts with yellow or brown wilted leaves. Elliptical dew”, which exudes from infected florets. In the late yellowish-brown cankers with a cracked surface and stage of infection an elongated, hard, purplish-black scle- rough appearance were present on trunks and branches rotium develops. All Claviceps isolates were identified as and sometimes girdled these organs, thus inducing G2 population (also a chemorace) of C. purpurea, based dieback and, eventually, death of the plants. For isola- on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) pat- tion of the possible causal agent, small pieces of tissue tern, an absence of EcoRI restriction site in the 5.8S ribo- excised from cankers on branches and trunks of trees of somal DNA, longer conidia and ergocristine and ergosine different age coming from various locations were sur- content of sclerotia (Pazoutova et al., 2000). A suspension face sterilized with 5% sodium hypochlorite and thor- (2·106 conidia ml-1) was prepared with conidia harvested oughly washed with sterile distilled water, prior to plat- from ergot infected plants and sprayed the heads of at the ing on acidified potato dextrose agar. Plates were incu- time of anthesis of the H. violaceum and P. pratense bated at 27°C for 7-10 days and growing fungal colonies plants. Control plants were sprayed with sterile water. All were subcultured and observed for identification. plants were incubated in a greenhouse at 24oC. After 10 Among the fungi that were isolated, i.e. Chalaropsis sp., days, honeydew appeared only on inoculated plants. C. Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium oxysporum, and F. solani, purpurea was reisolated from inoculated plants. The the most common and consistently recovered from all pathogen has been recorded previously on Bromus sp., areas sampled was Cryphonectria parasitica. Its identifi- Secale cereale L., Secale montanum Gaus. (Baydar, 1975) cation was essentially based on morphological charac- and Elymus repens (L.) Gould (Demirci et al., 1997) in ters (Darpoux et al., 1975; Anonymous, 1982). To the Turkey. This is the first report of G2 population of C. pur- best of our knowledge, this is the first record from Iran purea on Alopecurus arundinaceus, A. myosuroides, of chestnut blight, a disorder causing serious problem Hordeum violaceum and Phleum pratense in Turkey. to the forests of the Guilan province. Baydar S., 1975. Researches of the Ascomycetes from Plants Darpoux H., Ride M., Bondoux, P., 1975. Apparition de foy- Around the Provinces of Erzurum, Erzincan and Gümü- ers d’Endothia parasitica sur châtaigniers en France. s¸hane. Atatürk University publication No. 411. Comptes Rendus de l’Académie d’Agriculture de France 43: Demirci E., Zengin H., Eken C., Tamer A.Ü., 1998. Parasitic 670-674. fungi determined on the weeds in Erzurum province. In: Anonymous, 1982. Data sheets on quarantine organisms No. Nemli Y., Demirkan H. (eds.). Proceedings of 2nd Turkish 69, Endothia parasitica. Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin 12: 1. Congress of Herbology, I˙zmir 1997, 55-62. Pazoutova S., Olsovska J., Linka M., Kolinska R., Flieger M., 2000. Chemoraces and habitat specialization of Claviceps purpurea populations. Applied and Environmental Micro- biology 66: 5419-5425. Corresponding author: C. Eken Corresponding author: M. Niknejad Kazempour Fax: +90.442.2311469 Fax: +98.131.6690281 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Received 1 September 2005 Received 6 September 2005 Accepted 20 September 2005 Accepted 26 october 2005 122 Journal of Plant Pathology (2006), 88 (1), 121-125 DISEASE NOTE DISEASE NOTE DECLINE OF PINE TREES DETECTION AND OCCURRENCE IN THE IRANIAN PROVINCE OF APPLE MOSAIC VIRUS OF GHAZVIN IN HAZELNUT IN SOUTH-EAST POLAND M. Niknejad Kazempour1, B. Yahaghi2 T. Koby∏ko and B. Nowak and T. Rostamie Shahraji2 Department of Botany, Agricultural University of Kraków, 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland Sciences, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41635, 1314 Rasht, Iran 2 Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 41635, 1314 Rasht, Iran In spring of 2002 and 2004, during surveys of pine Infection of hazelnut with Apple mosaic virus (Ap- trees (Pinus sp.) in different area of the Iranian province MV) in south-east Poland was investigated in the years of Ghazvin symptoms of more or less extensive decline 1999-2004 in trees of Corylus avellana L., Corylus maxi- (withering and desiccation of twigs) and root rot were ma Mill., Corylus americana Walt., and Corylus colurna observed in trees of different age. The disease pro- L. that were cultivated in plantations, varietal collec- gressed gradually and often resulted in the death of af- tions, cottage gardens, allotments, urban greenery, or fected trees. For isolation of the possible causal agent, originated from natural habitats. All together 682 small pieces of tissue excised from root, twigs needles plants, representing 56 cultivars and undetermined and trunks were surface sterilized with 5% sodium plant material from non-professional plantations or growing wild, were tested by ELISA (Clark and Adams, hypochlorite and thoroughly washed with sterile dis- 1977) using a commecial kit (Loewe Biochemica, Sauer- tilled water prior to plating in acidified potato dextrose lach, Germany). ApMV was detected only in C. agar and corn meal agar. Plates were incubated at room avellana, in particular in all tested trees of cvs Negret, temperature for 5-7 days and growing fungal colonies and Gustav Zellernuss, and in a single tree of a clone of were subcultured for purification and identification. an undetermined cultivar from Italy labelled 104E. All Most of the colonies belonged to a fungus which, based plant accessions were of foreign origin. Symptoms of on morphological characters, was identified as Fusarium virus infection were detected only in affected trees in oxysporum (Mohali, 1996; Dick and Dobbie, 2002). For spring 2004, a year characterized by moderate tempera- pathogenicity tests, an inoculum consisting of cultures tures in May. Symptoms were yellow to bright yellow of this fungus grown on sterilized barley grains was mottling, ring spots, line and oak-leaf patterns. In added to individual pots where 4- to 6-month-old pine spring, symptoms were evident and more or less dif- seedlings were planted in a commercial soil mix. Inocu- fused, but with time and raise in the temperature they lated and non-inoculated control seedlings were main- became partly masked. During a second survey at the tained at 25-28°C with saturated relative humidity for end of June 2004, it was observed that symptoms had 48 h. After 4 weeks, inoculated seedlings showed symp- disappeared from a previously symptomatic tree, where- toms (root rot and wilting) resembling those seen in na- as in other trees symptoms had become more conspicu- ture. The same fungus used for inoculum was re-isolat- ous. This seems to be the first substantiated record of the occurrence of ApMV in hazelnut in Poland. ed from rotten root segments but not from the roots of control seedlings that remained viable. This is the first report of the presence of F. oxysporum in pine trees in the Ghazvin province of Iran. Dick M.A., Dobbie K., 2002. Species of Fusarium on Pinus in Clark M.F., Adams, A.N, 1977. Characteristics of the mi- New Zealand. New Zealand Plant Protection 55: 58-62. croplate method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay Mohali S.R., 1996. First Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium for the detection of plant viruses. Journal of General Virol- solani associated with root diseases of Caribbean pine in ogy 34: 475-483. Venezuela. Plant Disease 80: 959. Corresponding author: M. Niknejad Kazempour Corresponding author: B. Nowak Fax: +98.131.6690281 Fax: +48.12.6625266. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Received 6 September 2005 Received 26 October 2005 Accepted 26 October 2005 Accepted 13 December 2005 Journal of Plant Pathology (2006), 88 (1), 121-125 123 DISEASE NOTE DISEASE NOTE ERYSIPHE CRUCIFERARUM ON ALYSSUM FIRST RECORD OF GRAPEVINE VEIN DESERTORUM VAR. DESERTORUM NECROSIS IN SYRIA AND ALYSSUM HIRSUTUM IN TURKEY T. Mslmanieh1, M. Digiaro1, T. Elbeaino1 and G.P. Martelli2 A. Karakaya 1 Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Via Ceglie 9, 70010, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Valenzano (BA), Italy 2 Ankara University, 06110 Dy´skapy´ Ankara, Turkey Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante e Microbiologia Applicata, Università degli Studi and Istituto di Virologia Vegetale del CNR, Sezione di Bari, Via G.C.
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