1 Cloud Computing the Present of Cloud Computing

Outlines Cloud Computing: Past, Present,  Introduction and Future  The Past of Cloud Computing  The Present of Cloud Computing  The Future of Cloud Computing Ruay-Shiung Chang (張瑞雄) Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering  Conclusions National Dong Hwa University (國立東華大學) November 4, 2010 “The distinction between past, present, and future is only a stubbornly persistent illusion” Albert Einstein

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Introduction

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1 Introduction Introduction  Cloud computing in everything!  Cloud computing=cloud+computing?  There are many types of clouds!

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Introduction Introduction

 Different angles have different opinions!  The computer industry is the only industry that is more fashion-driven than women's fashion. ---Larry Ellision (Oracle CEO)  Grid computing  Cloud computing  Utility computing  Elastic comppguting  Fabric computing  Reconfigurable computing  Social computing  Volunteer computing  SaaS (Software as a Service), PaaS, IaaS, …  ASP (Application Service Provision)  Data Center  Co-location  … 7 8

2 Introduction Introduction  Oracle CEO talks about cloud computing  Computer manufacturer Dell even tried to trademark the term "cloud computing", although its application was refused.  But Dell got the domain name cloudcomputing.com, cloud-computing.com  cloudcomputing.org (.net) is registered by r4l.com (待價而沽)  cloud-computing.org (.net) (not used)  thecloudcomputing.org (IEEE CC conference)

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Introduction Introduction  Who coined the phrase Cloud Computing?  Who coined the phrase Cloud Computing?

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3 Introduction Introduction  台灣翻譯成「雲端計算」  中華文化「雲端」的起源  大陸翻譯成「雲計算」  李白的詩「長相思二首之一」  那個高明？  長相思，在長安。絡緯秋啼金井闌，  有雲(servers)有端(access devices) 微霜淒淒簟色寒。孤燈不明思欲絕，卷帷望月空長歎。美人如花隔雲端，上有青冥之長天，下有淥水之波瀾。天長地遠魂飛苦，夢魂不到關山難。長相思，摧心肝。 We can’t see the cloud computing clearly yet. We can’t reach the cloud computing yet.

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Introduction Introduction  中華文化「雲端」的起源  中華文化的雲端計算 in action(208 AD)  明朝西遊記第二十七回：「他在那雲端裡，  三國演義第四十六回「用奇謀孔明借箭，獻密計黃咬牙切齒」。蓋受刑」中：「一天濃霧滿長江，遠近難分水渺茫 Reliability issue 。驟雨飛蝗來戰艦，孔明今日服周郎。」  明朝金瓶梅第二十回：「雲端裡老鼠──天生的耗！」 Security issue  清朝三俠五義第十六回：「猶如入雲端的一般，樂的他不知怎麼樣才好。」Cost saving  清朝兒女英雄傳第二十二回：「天下事最妙的是雲端裡看廝殺，你我且置身事外，袖手旁觀。」 Business competition

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4 The Past of Cloud Computing Introduction  中華文化的雲端計算 in action  中華文化的雲端計算  629年，唐朝僧人玄奘違反朝廷當時禁止百  Cloud computing in a poem 姓擅自西行的規定，從涼州偷渡出關，隻身赴印度學習佛教教義。經過16年，在644年回國。

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Introduction Introduction

 Cloud computing is fast!  From Wikipedia:  李白的詩「下江陵」  Cloud computing is Internet- ("cloud-") based  朝辭白帝彩雲間，千里江陵一日還。兩岸 development and use of computer technology 猿聲啼不住，輕舟已過萬重山。 ("computing").  SdWtCtiSomeday: Water Computing  In concepp,t, it is a p aradig m shift whereby details are abstracted from the users who no longer have need of,  Still water runs deep. expertise in, or control over the technology  老子道德經第七十八章：「天下莫柔弱於水，而攻 infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports them. 堅強者莫之能勝，其無以易之。弱之勝強，柔之勝  Cloud computing describes a new supplement, 剛，天下莫不知、莫能行。是以聖人云：受國之垢 consumption and delivery model for IT services based ，是謂社稷主；受國不祥，是為天下王。正言若反 on the Internet, and it typically involves the provision of 。」 dynamically scalable and often virtualized resources as a service over the Internet. 19 20

5 Introduction Introduction  A style of computing where massively scalable  Driving forces IT-enabled capabilities are provided "as a  Data-Intensive Applications: Explosion of service" over the network applications and user-generated content, Petabyte in 2010, Exabyte in 2013, Zettabyte in 2015  DtDatacen ter P ressures: Grow ing opera tional complexity and cost from infrastructure and application sprawls  Increased network capacity and availability  Rising Energy Cost & Green compliance  Shared Services Across Lines of Business  Innovation and Collaboration

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Introduction Cloud Computing  A video to explain the concept

For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to miss the future.”

John Fitzgerald Kennedy 23 24

6 The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  History of computing past present cloud Computing Mainframe, Personal servers resource minicomputer computer

ownership Yes, few Yes, No individual access Time-sharing direct network

cost high small rent control Yes(no) yes No destiny demised ??? ???

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The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  Remembering Grid Computing!  Grid computing characteristics  From Wikipedia:  One application, high-performance, batch-  Grid computing (or the use of computational scheduled grids) is the combination of computer resources  Cloud computing characteristics from multi pl e ad mi ni st rati ve d omai ns applied t o a  Transactional application, a variety of services, on common task, usually to a scientific, technical or demand business problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or the need to process large amounts of data.  Connect private clouds by Grid technology to become public clouds

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7 The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  Evolution  Is “cloud computing” just a new name for grid? Cloud  Opinion of Ian Foster Software as Utility Computing  Yes, the vision is the same—to reduce the cost of a Service Grid Computing computing, increase reliability, and increase Computing flexibili ty by trans form ing computers from something that we buy and operate ourselves to something that is operated by a third party.  The differences lie in scalability – cloud could have Application Next generation Made mainstream millions of users simultaneously by Globus Alliance Service Internet Pay and use Provision computing  Virtualization is also a major difference and data centers

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The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  Grid computing’s destiny:  The overarching concept of delivering  杜甫「蜀相」 computing resources through a global network  丞相祠堂何處尋，錦官城外柏森森。 is rooted in the sixties 映階碧草自春色，隔葉黃鸝空好音。三顧頻煩天下計，兩朝開濟老臣心。出師未捷身先死，長使英雄淚滿襟。

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8 The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  Lick’s vision was for everyone on the globe to  John McCarthy (1927-), coining the term be interconnected and accessing programs and "Artificial Intelligence“, inventor of Lisp, data at any site, from anywhere. Turing award 1971.  Sound a lot like what we are calling cloud  Predicted that “computation may someday computing today. be organized as a public utility” in 1961.

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The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing

Tim Berners-Lee

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9 The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  Milestones  The arrival of Salesforce.com in 1999, which pioneered the concept of delivering enterprise applications via a simple website.  The next d evel opment was A mazon W eb S ervi ces in 2002, which provided a suite of cloud-based services including storage, computation and even human intelligence through the Amazon Mechanical Turk.

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The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  Crowd+Outsourcing=Crowdsourcing (crowd computing?)  The crowdsourcing process in 8 steps:

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10 The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing

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The Past of Cloud Computing The Past of Cloud Computing  In 2006, Amazon launched its Elastic Compute  In 2009, as Web 2.0 hit its stride, and Google Cloud (EC2) as a commercial web service that and others started to offer browser-based allows small companies and individuals to rent enterprise applications, though services such as computers on which to run their own computer Google Apps. applicati ons.

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11 Cloud Computing The Present of Cloud Computing

 But we are not floating in the cloud yet!  Internet connections aren't fast enough  Internet connections aren’t reliable enough  Internet connections aren't available at all times in all places  Issues related to reliability, privacy, security, etc. “Yesterday's the past, tomorrow's the future, but  Amazon’s S3 (Simple Storage Service) cloud today is a gift. That's why it's called the present.” outage in Feb. 2008 and July 2008 (down 8 hours)  While things you may keep in your house are Bil Keane - an American cartoonist constitutionally protected, the things you place in the "cloud" are not.

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The Present of Cloud Computing The Present of Cloud Computing

 Lack of standards  Free Software Foundation founder Richard  Everybody seems to be developing a piece of the Stallman said (interviewed by the Guardian): puzzle, but nobody has brought all the pieces  Cloud computing was simply a trap aimed at together forcing more people to buy into locked, proprietary  The meth od s used i n t od ay’ s commerci al cl oud s systems that would cost them more and more over have not been open and general purpose, but instead time. been mostly proprietary and specialized.  One reason you should not use web applications to do your computing is that you will lose control.  If you use a proprietary program or somebody else's web server, you're defenceless. You're putty in the hands of whoever developed that software.

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12 The Present of Cloud Computing The Present of Cloud Computing  NETBOOK WORLD SUMMIT; PARIS, France — December 1, 2008 — Good OS, most known for its gOS Linux that debuted in Wal- Mart computers, today announced “Cloud,” a new operatihbibing system that boots into a browser with Google, Yahoo! and Live in seconds, and optionally boots into Windows.

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The Present of Cloud Computing The Present of Cloud Computing

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13 The Present of Cloud Computing The Present of Cloud Computing  Commercial cloud architecture  Open-Cirrus cloud architecture

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The Present of Cloud Computing The Present of Cloud Computing  Many commercial products

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14 The Present of Cloud Computing Cloud Computing  A cautious note:  Don’t put all your eggs into one basket.

A dying people tolerates the present, rejects the future, and finds its satisfactions in past greatness and half remembered glory”

John Steinbeck 57 58

The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing

Many clouds

Grid computing backup privacy scalability reliability hardware SOA scheduling heterogeneity software middleware replication maintenance management infrastructure 59 60

15 The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  Reliability issue  Reliability issue  Nick Saber isn’t happy now. One Monday  Nick sent a message or three to Google for support. afternoon, after lunch, Nick came back to find out He got back this: that he couldn’t get into his Gmail account. Further, he couldn’t get into anything that Google made Thank you for your report . We’ve completed our (beside search) where his account credentials once investigation. Because our investigation was worked. When attempting to log in, Nick got a inconclusive, we are unable to return your account single line message: at this time. At Google we take the privacy and security of our users very seriously. For this Sorry, your account has been disabled. reason, we’re unable to reveal any further information about this account

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The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  The robot company fears that a robot becomes too smart and creative.  The company decides to “centralize the brains”.  PC becomes too powerful. So it must be clouded!

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16 The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  PC and the Internet were originally "generative" platforms, where users can improve the basic function of the platform through easily adding applications.  Now we are full of non-generative devices that only the vendor in charge can control.

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The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  The Ultimate Cloud-IBM's Project KittyHawk  IBM's Project KittyHawk  The project aspires to create a “global-scale shared computer capable of hosting the entire Internet as Kitty Hawk, an application”. North Carolina, is thfhhe site of the  Thomas W at son' s apocryph al remark : I think th ere Wright brothers' is a world market for maybe five computers. first powered  Maybe it needs just one. airplane flight.

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17 The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  Opportunity Computing  What is opportunity computing?  Opportunity computing enables you to recognize an opportunity for your business and respond to it faster than ever before.  Oppor tun ity computi ng encompasses utilit y computing. But it also gives you the tools, partnerships, API support and go-to-market capability that you need to be successful as a business.

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The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  What is opportunity computing?  Opportunity computing is designed for distributing applications in a software as a service model.  Does utility computing have the tools built-in that enable tha t? D o th ey h ave user management , account management, licensing enforcement, billing, marketing, monetization support for free distribution?

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18 The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  鑑往知來  唐太宗：「以銅為鏡，可以正衣冠；以史為鏡，可以知興替；以人為鏡，可以知得失。」  Life is divided into three terms - that which was, which is, and which will be. Let us learn from the past to profit by the present, and from the present to live better in the future.” William Wordsworth

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The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  The economics of distributed computing  The economics of distributed computing  The recurrent theme of this analysis is that “On  When Jim published this paper the fastest Demand” computing is only economical for very Supercomputers were operating at a speed of 36 cpu-intensive (100,000 instructions per byte or a TFLOPS. cpu-day-per gigabyte of network traffic)  A new Blue G ene /Q i s pl anned f or 2010 -2012 applications. Pre-provisioned computing is likely to which will operate at 10,000 TFLOPS, out stripping be more economical for most applications - Moore's law by a factor of 10. especially data-intensive ones.  Telecom prices have fallen and bandwidth has  If telecom prices drop faster than Moore's law, the increased, but more slowly than processing power, analysis fails. If telecom prices drop slower than leaving the economics worse than in 2003. Moore's law, the analysis becomes stronger.

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19 The Future of Cloud Computing The Future of Cloud Computing  The cooperation between hardware vendor and software developer

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The Future of Cloud Computing

 Nature is a mutable cloud, which is always and never the same. --Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 - 1882)

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20 Conclusions Conclusions  The bottom line for IT directors is that they will  Security issue will always be a problem! need to continue to manage their internal computing environments, whilst learning how to secure, manage and monitor the growing range oflf external resources residi idiihng in the cloud.

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Conclusions Conclusions  Using someone else's infrastructure for your application will forever be a business risk, but it sounds so much less so with a cuddly name, like cloud computing.

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21 Conclusions Conclusions  Dos and Don’ts  Chinese Wisdom  Don’t be reactive  Do 撥雲見日  Do consider the cloud a financial issue  Don’t 雲端跌落谷底  Don’t go it alone.  Don’t 不測風雲  前後判若雲泥  Do think about your architecture Don’t  Do 平步青雲  Don’t neglect goverance  Don’t 翻雲覆雨  Don’t forget about business process  Don’t 風雲變色  Do make security the centerpiece of your strategy  Do 富貴如浮雲  Don’t apply the cloud to everything  Don’t 煙消雲散  Don’t forget about service management  Do 美女如雲  Do start with a pilot project 85 86

Conclusions Conclusions

 Cloud computing as a move to Green computing  “In the era of the cloud, open source without  For both suppliers and users of IT equipment, green computing is open data is only half the application.” Tim part of a larger effort to be good corporate citizens.  IBM Project Big Green (try to save 42% of energy in data centers) O’reilly  UCSD GreenLight project (build an instrumented datacenter to  Don’t become clouded computing measure energy savings and CO2 re duc tions usi ng diff erent server configurations and software in a real-world environment)  Ground(ed) Computing  Google’s solar panel (RE

22 Conclusions Conclusions  Ian Foster: The economics of computing will  The amazing power of social cloud! look more and more like those of energy sector  Whether grid or cloud or something else, start with figuring out problems to be solved, not what technology to bring in, and the right solution should surface  三國演義早說了：「話說天下大勢，分久必合，合久必分。」

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Conclusions Conclusions

 Interest Internet statistics! Google已經成功“將地球殖民化＂，但它自己也面臨著巨大的風險：版權問題、隱私問題和規模問題，猶如“會在Google臉上爆炸的三顆原子彈＂。

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23 Conclusions Conclusions  References

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Conclusions The end. Thanks for your attention.

 Final Quote

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