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Renan De Andrade Varolli UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO PAULO ESCOLA DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS RENAN DE ANDRADE VAROLLI O MODERNO NA ILUMINAÇÃO ELÉTRICA EM BERLIM NOS ANOS 1920 SÃO PAULO 2017 RENAN DE ANDRADE VAROLLI O MODERNO NA ILUMINAÇÃO ELÉTRICA EM BERLIM NOS ANOS 1920 Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em História da Arte Universidade Federal de São Paulo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Arte Linha de Pesquisa: Arte: Circulações e Transferências Orientação: Prof. Dr. Jens Michael Baumgarten SÃO PAULO 2017 Varolli, Renan de Andrade. O moderno na iluminação elétrica em Berlim nos anos 1920 / Renan de Andrade Varolli. São Paulo, 2017. 129 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História da Arte) – Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós- Graduação em História da Arte, 2017. Orientação: Prof. Dr. Jens Michael Baumgarten. 1. Teoria da Arte. 2. História da Arte. 3. Teoria da Arquitetura. I. Prof. Dr. Jens Michael Baumgarten. II. O moderno na iluminação elétrica em Berlim nos anos 1920. RENAN DE ANDRADE VAROLLI O MODERNO NA ILUMINAÇÃO ELÉTRICA EM BERLIM NOS ANOS 1920 Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em História da Arte Universidade Federal de São Paulo Programa de Pós-Graduação em História da Arte Linha de Pesquisa: Arte: Circulações e Transferências Orientação: Prof. Dr. Jens Michael Baumgarten Aprovação: ____/____/________ Prof. Dr. Jens Michael Baumgarten Universidade Federal de São Paulo Prof. Dr. Luiz César Marques Filho Universidade Estadual de Campinas Profa. Dra. Yanet Aguilera Viruéz Franklin de Matos Universidade Federal de São Paulo AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço às seguintes pessoas, que tornaram possível a realização deste trabalho: Aline, Ana Carolina, minha prima, Ana Paula, Bi, Carla, Daniel, Diana, Fá, Fê, Gabi, Gabriel, Giovanna, Jair, meu pai, Jane, minha tia e madrinha, Prof. Dr. Jens Baumgarten, meu orientador, Jú, Karina, Klency, Lucia, Maíra, Maria Antonia, minha mãe, Mônica, Philipe, Rafa, Talita, Vitor e Yhan. RESUMO Esta dissertação analisa a iluminação elétrica em Berlim nos anos 1920. O trabalho parte de objetos produzidos industrialmente para usufruto e circulação em massa, tais como edifícios, peças publicitárias e filmes, com o objetivo de compreender características da modernidade nessa metrópole nessa época. No decorrer do texto, abordam-se também tensões e conexões entre arte e indústria, relações que certas vezes acompanharam o moderno, o modernismo e a modernização, conceitos correlatos à modernidade. Em um cenário de contrastes e contradições existentes na capital da Alemanha no período de sua história conhecido como República de Weimar (1919-1923), tenta-se mostrar como a reavaliação teórico-historiográfica de programas artísticos e culturais tidos como decadentes pode ser sucedida por um progresso tecnológico. Palavras-chave: Berlim; iluminação; eletricidade; moderno; modernismo. ABSTRACT This thesis analyzes electric lighting in Berlin in 1920’s. The work starts from industrially produced objects for usufruct and circulation among the masses, such as buildings, advertising pieces and films, with the aim of understanding modernity’s features on this metropolis then. In the course of the text, it is approached as well tensions and connections between art and industry, relations that some times accompanied modern, modernism and modernization, correlative concepts of modernity. Having a background of contrasts and contradictions in Germany’s capital during the period of its history known as Weimar Republic (1919-1923), it is attempted to draw how theoretical-historiographic reappraisal of artistics and cultural programs regarded as decadent could be succeeded by technological progress. Keywords: Berlin; lighting; electricity; modern; modernism. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figuras 01, 02, 03, 04 e 05 – Quadros cinematográficos iniciais de Metrópolis. Imagens retiradas de: METRÓPOLIS (Metropolis). Diretor: Fritz Lang. Produtor: Erich Pommer. Berlim: Universum Film (UFA), 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (149 min), mudo, p&b. Figuras 06, 07, 08 e 09 – Quadros cinematográficos de Babel em Metrópolis. Imagens retiradas de: METRÓPOLIS (Metropolis). Diretor: Fritz Lang. Produtor: Erich Pommer. Berlim: Universum Film (UFA), 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (149 min), mudo, p&b. Figura 10 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Chapéu que vai rolando pela rua. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 11 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Um torvelinho que se forma levantando poeira do calçamento. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 12 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Trilhos de montanha-russa na vertigem da descida. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 13 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Remoinhos de água debaixo da ponte. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 14 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Semblante perturbado. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 15 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Olhar arregalado. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 16 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Transeuntes no gradil. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 17 – Quarto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole – Palavra “dinheiro” saltando dos jornais. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 18 – MEIDNER, Ludwig. Eu e a Cidade (Ich und die Stadt). Óleo sobre tela. Coleção particular, 1913. Imagem retirada de: <https://i.pinimg.com/originals/c5/a1/85/c5a185c7653a0e0a7471a01c0e94dfeb.jpg>. Acesso em: 20 ago. 2017. Figura 19 – Letreiro de cinema no Quinto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 20 – Faróis de carros no Quinto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 21 – Cinema no Quinto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 22 – Rodopio de letreiro luminoso no final do Quinto Ato de Berlim, Sinfonia da Metrópole. Imagem retirada de: BERLIM, Sinfonia da Metrópole (Berlin: Die Sinfonie der Großstadt). Diretor: Walter Ruttmann. Produtor: Karl Freund. Berlim: Deutsche Vereins-Film e Les Productions Fox Europa, 1927. 1 arquivo no formato AVI (62 min), mudo, p&b. Cópia feita a partir de DVD produzido em Munique por Film & Kunst em 2008. Figura 23 –
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