DOCSLIB.ORG

Copia Autore © Gangemi Editore Spa Roma Viaggi Nella 4 Series of the Archivio Di Stato Di Roma Director Luigi Londei

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Copia Autore © Gangemi Editore Spa Roma Viaggi Nella 4 Series of the Archivio Di Stato Di Roma Director Luigi Londei ARCHIVIO DI STATO DI ROMA viaggi nella 4 The Racial Laws and the Jewish Community of Rome 1938-1945 Editor Manola Ida Venzo and Bice Migliau copia autore © Gangemi editore spa Roma viaggi nella 4 Series of the Archivio di Stato di Roma Director Luigi Londei Editorial Staff Daniela Sinisi, Maria Grazia Branchetti Graphics Simonetta Rossi Cover Luisa Salvatori Administrative Office Rossana Dominici Photographs Emilio Tedeschi copia autore © Gangemi editore spa Roma copia autore © Gangemi editore spa Roma ARCHIVIO DI STATO DI ROMA Viaggi nella memoria Series of the Archivio di Stato di Roma Director Other publications Luigi Londei I luoghi della Sapienza by M.G. Branchetti (2000 – rist. 2002) Editorial Staff Palazzo Madama: dalla famiglia Medici al Senato Daniela Sinisi, Maria Grazia Branchetti by C. Ficola, E. Graziani, M. Pieretti, M.A. Quesada (2001) Graphics Vivere in piazza nella Roma dei papi by Simonetta Rossi C. Genovese, D. Sinfisi (2002) Cover First Edition 2003 Luisa Salvatori Second Edition 2004 © 2003 Archivio di Stato di Roma, Viaggi nella Administrative Office memoria Rossana Dominici Corso Rinascimento 40, 00186 Roma Photographs Emilio Tedeschi © All rights reserved Gangemi Editore spa Piazza San Pantaleo 4, Roma www.gangemieditore.it No part of this publication may be stored in a retrieval system or reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying, without the necessary permission. ISBN 978-88-492-1222-8 Frontcopia cover: from autore “La difesa della © razza”, Gangemi November 1938 editore spa Roma viaggi nella 4 The Racial Laws and the Jewish Community of Rome 1938-1945 Editor Manola Ida Venzo and Bice Migliau Essays Silvia Haia Antonucci, Claudio Procaccia, Luca Saletti, Giancarlo Spizzichino copia autore © Gangemi editore spa Roma 9 Table of contents Fascism and the Racial Laws 10 Manola Ida Venzo A Story of Betrayal 24 Luca Saletti The Jewish Schools of Rome in 1938 26 Bice Migliau The Roman Jews from the Emancipation to the Racial Laws. 29 Economic and Social Aspects Claudio Procaccia Daily Life during the Racial Laws and the Nazi Occupation: Testimonies 33 Silvia Haia Antonucci and Giancarlo Spizzichino War, Nazi Occupation and Deportation in Rome 37 Silvia Haia Antonucci Timeline (1938-1945) 41 A Look at the Documents 42 Manola Ida Venzo Basic Bibliography 46 copia autore © Gangemi editore spa Roma 37 War, Nazi Occupation and Deportation in Rome Silvia Haia Antonucci When the racial laws were passed in 1938, some Jews saw the signs of danger in the situation of those years and, depending on means and resources, they emigrated, chiefly to the United States, South America, Switzerland and Eretz Yisrael, the Land of Israel. But most Roman Jews stayed, convinced that the greater danger would be avoided in the city of the Popes. That belief proved to be wrong and in 1993 1939 there were frequent threats to Jews, especially in the area of the Great Synagogue. After Italy entered the war on June 4, 1940, living conditions worsened, despite the best efforts of the Jewish community to endure the deprivations of the times. In 1941 Roman Jews were further humiliated when subjected toby an injunction for to per- form forced labor on the banks of the Tiber River. With the fall of Fascism and the Note from Ezio Spizzichino, thrown from the Letter from the Righi and Richetti families train that left from Carpi for Auschwitz, May who found the note from Ezio Spizzichino 16, 1944. Private archives and send it to Friar Pietro, May 17, 1944. copia autore © GangemiPrivate archives editore spa Roma 38 Viaggi nella memoria armistice of September 8, 1943, the Nazis occu- pied Italy, the Republic of Salò was established and roundups and deportation to the Nazi concentration camps commenced throughout Italy. At the time, Italy’s Jewish Community numbered 35,000 peo- ple, including foreign- ers, concentrated main- ly in the central and northern areas of the country. The task of the SS was unquestionably facili- tated by Mussolini’s dic- tatorship: the Chief of Police of every city pos- sessed had lists of the names of Italian and foreign Jews and addresses dating back to the special census of conducted during the Certificate of membership in the Jewish race presented by summer of 1938 and Alceste Della Seta, February 16, 1939. Jewish Cultural Center, Rome regularly updated with data from the “Notification of Membership in the Jewish Race”. Informers were also frequent. The people arrested in Rome were taken to the Regina Coeli prison or to Via Tasso where the Gestapo Headquarters were located. Today, the building infamous for the torture inflicted there, is a museum. At the end of September 1943, the Nazis demanded that the Jewish community hand over 50 kilos of gold. Strangely enough, meeting the request created a false sense of tranquility, shattered by the roundup of October 16, 1943. In the days that followed, the SS ransacked the Jewish Community offices, carrying the registers, most of the archives and documents, and confiscating over two million lire of the time. The harassment was stepped up after September 30 and the Community Library – one of the largest in Europe – and the Library of the Italian Rabbinical College were plundered and the Nazis appropriated numerous rare, extremely valuable antique volumes. Some Jews found refuge in monasteries and parish churches. Testimony of sur- vivors shows that while some priests and nuns risked their lives to hide Jews, other demandedcopia compensation autore or © pressured Gangemi the Jews to convert.editore Other Jewsspa were Roma saved The Racial Laws and the Jewish Community of Rome – 1938-1945 39 with the help of every- day citizens, including apartment building concierges, servants and farmers who risked their lives by hiding Jews in dwellings, cel- lars, attics and cottages in the countryside. Living conditions were harsh: there is tes- timony of people who slept on kitchen tables or children who were put to sleep in drawers. Some Jews found safe- ty in hospitals. At the Fratebenefratelli Hospital, physicians actually invented a new illness for Jews; they called it “K” on the charts, referring to Marshall Kesserling, commander of the occupying forces of central and southern Italy. On March 24, 1944, following a parti- san attack on the Nazi offices on Via Rasella, 335 people including 75 Jews were killed at the massacre of the Fosse Ardeatine. Some Jews joined the partisans, fighting chiefly in the Castelli Romani villages to the south of Rome (Albano and Frascati). They included Marco Moscati, who was killed Betrayal to the German command, informing on Benedetto at the Fosse Ardeatine, Veneziano, Jew from Rome, who “travels up and down Italy, Pino Levi Cavaglione scheming and plotting”. Signed, “A Friend of Germany’s”. from Genoa who November 7, 1943 describedcopia the autore partisan Jewish© Gangemi Cultural Center, Rome editore spa Roma 40 Viaggi nella memoria struggle in Rome in his book Guerriglia nei castelli romani (Guerrilla Warfare in the Castelli Romani), Eugenio and Sylvia Elfer, Leone Ginzburg, Eugeio Colorni, Enzo Sereni – ideologue and pioneer of the Zionist Socialist movement who left his kibbutz in Israel to collaborate with the allies for the liberation of Italy. Sereni parachuted behind the Gothic line on May 15, 1944; he was captured by the Germans and killed in Dachau. Some police commissioners invite apartment concierges to “keep their eyes on citizens of Jewish race” who could send “light signals to enemy planes during night time attacks”, June 25, 1940. ASCER, folder n. 110, copia autore © Gangemi editoreRome spa Roma 1222-8 M. Venzo - op_leggi_razziali COVER_cope_legg_razziali 01/04/15 14:36 Pagina 1 ARCHIVIO DI STATO DI ROMA viaggi nella The Racial Laws and the Jewish Community of Rome – 1938-1945 4 The years between 1938 and 1943 witnessed the approval of a massive, detailed set of laws discriminating against the Jews. The Racial Laws While there were indeed moments of anti-Semitism in Italy after unification – fed primarily by some Catholic groups – the leitmotifs so dear to anti-Jewish propaganda only began to and the Jewish appear widely in the Italian press with the rise of Fascism. In 1933, Telesio Interlandi, writing for Il Tevere and Roberto Community of Rome Farinacci for Il regime fascista, triggered a furious press campaign against the Jews. The campaign quickly spread to the other Fascist papers. 1938-1945 Editor Manola Ida Venzo and Bice Migliau viaggi nella 4 Series of the Archivio di Stato di Roma Director Luigi Londei Editorial Staff Daniela Sinisi, Maria Grazia Branchetti Graphics Simonetta Rossi Cover Luisa Salvatori Administrative Office Rossana Dominici Photographs Emilio Tedeschi Front cover: from “La difesa della razza”, November 1938 Back cover: Telegram of the Minister of the Interior who invites the Prefects to exacerbate the t 10,00 copia autoreracial policy © against Gangemi the Jews, 1941. ASR, editore Prefettura, Gabinetto, spa folder Roma n. 1515 www.gangemieditore.it The years between 1938 and 1943 witnessed the approval of a massive, detailed set of laws discriminating against the Jews. While there were indeed moments of anti-Semitism in Italy after unification – fed primarily by some Catholic groups – the leitmotifs so dear to anti-Jewish propaganda only began to appear widely in the Italian press with the rise of Fascism. In 1933, Telesio Interlandi, writing for Il Tevere and Roberto Farinacci for Il regime fascista, triggered a furious press campaign against the Jews. The campaign quickly spread to the other Fascist papers. copia autore © Gangemi editore spa Roma.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Heroes and the Flame*
    ROCZNIK ORIENTALISTYCZNY, T. LXVI, Z. 1, 2013, (s. 86–102) TAL DAVIDOVICH The Heroes and the Flame* Abstract The poems of the Jewish poet Hanna Senesh bear witness to strong resolve and refusal to stand by without interference. Written mostly in Hebrew the words reflect a fusion of ancient as well as modern features of expression. She left her place of birth for what was to become the modern state of Israel, but did not stay in safety deciding instead to risk her life in order to bring hope to Jews in Hungary towards the end of the Second World War. Keywords: Jewish literature, Hebrew literature, Hanna Senesh, Second World War, Jews in Hungary It was a time of war, a time of uncertainty, of horror and fear. But not only that, it was also a time of heroism, kindness, and an opportunity for a change. It was a time for resistance. Resistance as a noun is something that is connected to a group and in such a case there are always leaders or heroes or perhaps both.1 Resistance however, is usually not only one single act but it is built upon several acts made by different people. Furthermore, according to the Oxford dictionary the first definition of resistance is “The refusal to accept or comply with something” and therefore * I would like to thank the Hanna Senesh Legacy Foundation, Kibbutz Sdot Yam, Israel that was kind enough to send me the Hebrew versions of the poems quoted in this paper. I would also like to thank Mrs. Maya Nathanson for her efforts in connection to this.
    [Show full text]
  • Italian Jewish Subjectivities and the Jewish Museum of Rome
    What is an Italian Jew? Italian Jewish Subjectivities and the Jewish Museum of Rome 1. Introduction The Roman Jewish ghetto is no more. Standing in its place is the Tempio Maggiore, or Great Synagogue, a monumental testament to the emancipation of Roman and Italian Jewry in the late nineteenth century. During that era, the Roman Jewish community, along with city planners, raised most of the old ghetto environs to make way for a less crowded, more hygienic, and overtly modern Jewish quarter.1 Today only one piece of the ghetto wall remains, and the Comunità Ebraica di Roma has dwindled to approximately 15,000 Jews. The ghetto area is home to shops and restaurants that serve a diverse tourist clientele. The Museo Ebraico di Roma, housed, along with the Spanish synagogue, in the basement floor of the Great Synagogue, showcases, with artifacts and art, the long history of Roman Jewry. While visiting, one also notices the video cameras, heavier police presence, and use of security protocol at sites, all of which suggest very real threats to the community and its public spaces. This essay explores how Rome's Jewish Museum and synagogues complex represent Italian Jewish identity. It uses the complex and its guidebook to investigate how the museum displays multiple, complex, and even contradictory subject-effects. These effects are complicated by the non- homogeneity of the audience the museum seeks to address, an audience that includes both Jews and non-Jews. What can this space and its history tell us about how this particular “contact zone” seeks to actualize subjects? How can attention to these matters stimulate a richer, more complex understanding of Italian Jewish subjectivities and their histories? We will ultimately suggest that, as a result of history, the museum is on some level “caught” between a series of contradictions, wanting on the one hand to demonstrate the Comunità Ebraica di Roma’s twentieth-century commitment to Zionism and on the other to be true to the historical legacy of its millennial-long diasporic origins.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Early Zionist-Kurdish Contacts and the Pursuit of Cooperation: the Antecedents of an Alliance, 1931-1951 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2ds1052b Author Abramson, Scott Publication Date 2019 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Early Zionist-Kurdish Contacts and the Pursuit of Cooperation: the Antecedents of an Alliance, 1931-1951 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures by Scott Abramson 2019 © Copyright by Scott Abramson 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Early Zionist-Kurdish Contacts and the Pursuit of Cooperation: the Antecedents of an Alliance, 1931-1951 by Scott Abramson Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures University of California, Los Angeles Professor Lev Hakak, Co-Chair Professor Steven Spiegel, Co-Chair This study traces the progress of the contacts between Zionists/Israelis and Kurds—two non-Arab regional minorities intent on self-government and encircled by opponents—in their earliest stage of development. From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, the Political Department of the Jewish Agency (later, the Israeli Foreign Ministry) and several eminent Kurdish leaders maintained contact with a view to cooperation. The strategic calculus behind a Zionist/Israeli-Kurdish partnership was the same that directed Zionist/Israeli relations with all regional minorities: If demographic differences from the region’s Sunni Arab majority had made ii them outliers and political differences with them had made them outcasts, the Zionists/Israelis and the Kurds, together with their common circumstance as minorities, had a common enemy (Arab nationalists) against whom they could make common cause.
    [Show full text]
  • Fondo "Enzo E Ada Sereni" – P
    The Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People Jerusalem (CAHJP) FONDO "E NZO E ADA SERENI " – P 145 Il fondo "Enzo e Ada Sereni" fu versato dall'archivio del Kibutz Givat Brenner al CAHJP col consenso della famiglia. Nel fondo: documenti originali; copie dattiloscritte e/o fotocopie e/o traduzioni in ebraico di documenti vari, anche di originali custoditi in famiglia o negli archivi Yad Tabenkin, Ben Gurion, Kibuz Hameuchad, Ha-Hagana. Altri documenti riguardanti Enzo Sereni in CAHJP, v. in: P140/2, P172, P186, P192, P250 SEZIONE PRIMA , cartelle 1-50. Enzo Sereni: Corrispondenza e scritti vari Appunti da libri e giornali vari Manoscritti, libri e articoli pubblicati APPENDICE I: Copie e traduzioni di scritti di Enzo Sereni. Appunti per una biografia APPENDICE II: Libri e scritti vari su Enzo Sereni Notizie e testimonianze :" בעקבות אנצו סיריני" :APPENDICE III Commemorazioni e scritti in memoria In onore di Enzo Sereni: Beth Sereni a Givath Brenner, inaugurazione di una strada a Natania, emissione di francobolli israeliani SEZIONE SECONDA , materiale riguardante Ada Sereni: cartelle 51-58 SEZIONE TERZA , materiale riguardante le famiglie Sereni, Ascarelli, Pontecorvo, cartelle 59-64 P 145 - Sereni SEZIONE PRIMA Enzo Sereni: Corrispondenza e scritti vari 1 Scritti giovanili di Enzo Sereni, i.a.: 1911 - 1917 Documento scuola elementare (1911) Il gioco dei regni (ms. It., originale, 1913-1919) Juvenilia: (poesie, racconti, drammi, ms. it. Originale, 1914-1916) Scritti vari, poesie, testamento, diario: 1917-1919 (ms. it., originale e xerocopia, 1915-1919) Letteratura italiana, saggi di critica, appunti di una gita, congetture, (ms.it., originale,1916), lettera dei fratellini Sereni (stampa 1916) Prefazione, canzone dell'esilio, stato e religione ebraica, una questione ebraica e altri scritti, "Volontario", la legge di Dio, I canti del buio e della luce (ms.
    [Show full text]
  • The Baghdad Set
    The Baghdad Set Also by Adrian O’Sullivan: Nazi Secret Warfare in Occupied Persia (Iran): The Failure of the German Intelligence Services, 1939–45 (Palgrave, 2014) Espionage and Counterintelligence in Occupied Persia (Iran): The Success of the Allied Secret Services, 1941–45 (Palgrave, 2015) Adrian O’Sullivan The Baghdad Set Iraq through the Eyes of British Intelligence, 1941–45 Adrian O’Sullivan West Vancouver, BC, Canada ISBN 978-3-030-15182-9 ISBN 978-3-030-15183-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15183-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2019934733 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the pub- lisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Do They Hate Us?--Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict And
    “Why Do They Hate Us/U.S.?” and “Why Do We Hate Them?” Is It Because Of “Their” Islam Or Because Of “Our” Support For Israel? Geography of the Palestine-Israel Conflict Presentation to the Association of American Geographers, Boston, MA, April 2008, and Bloomington, IN, November 2008 Mohamed Elyassini, PhD, Associate Professor of Geography, Indiana State University 1. “The bonds between the United States and Israel are unbreakable and the commitment of the United States to the security of Israel is ironclad… I and my administration have made the security of Israel a priority. It’s why we’ve increased cooperation between our militaries to unprecedented levels. It’s why we’re making our most advanced technologies available to our Israeli allies. It’s why, despite tough fiscal times, we’ve increased foreign military financing to record levels. And that includes additional support –- beyond regular military aid -– for the Iron Dome anti-rocket system… So make no mistake, we will maintain Israel’s qualitative military edge… You also see our commitment to our shared security in our determination to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons. Here in the United States, we’ve imposed the toughest sanctions ever on the Iranian regime… You also see our commitment to Israel’s security in our steadfast opposition to any attempt to de-legitimize the State of Israel. As I said at the United Nations last year, ‘Israel’s existence must not be a subject for debate,’ and ‘efforts to chip away at Israel’s legitimacy will only be met by the unshakeable opposition of the United States.’ So when the Durban Review Conference advanced anti-Israel sentiment, we withdrew.
    [Show full text]
  • Communism and Zionism in Clara Sereni's Testimonial Narratives
    ANDERLINI D’ONOFRIO, Serena. ‘Utopias, Metabolized: Queering Communism and Zionism in Clara Sereni’s Testimonial Narratives’. Contemporary Jewish Writers in Italy: a Generational Approach. Raniero Speelman, Monica Jansen & Silvia Gaiga, eds. ITALIANISTICA ULTRAIECTINA 2. Utrecht: Igitur, Utrecht Publishing & Archiving Services, 2007. ISBN 978-90-6701-017-7. 243 – 259. SUMMARY This article proposes an analysis of the narrative ecologies of Sereni’s autobiographical novels, Casalinghitudine and Il gioco dei regni. It includes a discussion of the utopian discourses present in her family and childhood, of her relationships with the maternal figures in her life, and of her take on the cultural concept of mothering – with its connotations related to origin, desire, and genealogy. In the context of assessing the bio-politics of Sereni’s testimonial writing, the article teases out, perhaps against the grain of the author’s intention, the queer aspects of Sereni’s autobiographical accounts, and it places these aspects in the context of today’s global ecological concerns – especially those related to fertility and water. The utopian discourses brought to bear on the analysis include those focused on modern science, revolutionary socialism, communism, and Zionism. KEYWORDS Queer utopias, narrative ecologies, mothers, waters, the matrixial © The authors The proceedings of the international conference Contemporary Jewish Writers in Italy: a Generational Approach (Utrecht-Amsterdam, 5-7 October 2006) are volume 2 of the series ITALIANISTICA ULTRAIECTINA.
    [Show full text]
  • The San Nicandresi Jews: a Brief Bibliographic and Photographic Essay
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Technical Services Department Faculty Publications Technical Services 3-15-2012 The San Nicandresi Jews: A Brief Bibliographic and Photographic Essay Michael C. Vocino University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/lib_ts_pubs Part of the Jewish Studies Commons, Library and Information Science Commons, and the Social History Commons Citation/Publisher Attribution Vocino, Michael C., "The San Nicandresi Jews: A Brief Bibliographic and Photographic Essay" (2012). Technical Services Department Faculty Publications. Paper 48. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/lib_ts_pubs/48https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/lib_ts_pubs/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Technical Services at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Technical Services Department Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Technical Services Department Faculty Publications Technical Services 2012 The aS n Nicandresi Jews: A Brief Bibliographic and Photographic Essay Michael C. Vocino University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/lib_ts_pubs Part of the Jewish Studies Commons, Library and Information Science Commons, and the Social History Commons Citation/Publisher Attribution Vocino, Michael C., "The aS n Nicandresi Jews: A Brief Bibliographic and Photographic Essay" (2012). Technical Services Department Faculty Publications. Paper 48. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/lib_ts_pubs/48 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Technical Services at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Technical Services Department Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Resistance: a Working Bibliography
    JEWISH RESISTANCE A WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY Third Edition THE MILES LERMAN CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF JEWISH RESISTANCE First Edition, June 1999 Second Edition, September 1999 Third Edition, First printing, June 2003 Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies United States Holocaust Memorial Museum 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW Washington, DC 20024-2126 The Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum The United States Holocaust Memorial Council established the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies to support scholarship in the field, including scholarly publication; to promote growth of the field of Holocaust Studies at American universities and strong relationships between American and foreign scholars of the Holocaust; and to ensure the ongoing training of future generations of scholars specializing in the Holocaust. The Council’s goal is to make the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum the principal center supporting Holocaust studies in the United States. The Center’s programs include research and publication projects designed to shed new light on Holocaust-related subjects that have been studied previously, to fill gaps in the literature, and to make access to study of the Holocaust easier for new and established scholars and for the general public. The Center offers fellowship and visiting scholar opportunities designed to bring pre- and post-doctoral scholars, at various career stages, to the Museum for extended periods of research in the Museum’s growing archival collections and to prepare manuscripts for publication based on Holocaust-related research. Fellows and research associates participate in the full range of intellectual activities of the Museum and are provided the opportunity to make presentations of their work at the Center and at universities locally and nationwide.
    [Show full text]
  • From Zionism to Communism’: Emilio Sereni and the Consiglio Di Gestione in Postwar Italy Andrea Bonfanti*
    Modern Italy, 2021 Page 1 of 23, doi:10.1017/mit.2021.29 ‘From Zionism to Communism’: Emilio Sereni and the Consiglio di Gestione in postwar Italy Andrea Bonfanti* School of Marxism, Wuhan University, China (Received 19 October 2020; revised 28 February 2021; final version accepted 6 April 2021) This essay demonstrates that it is impossible to appreciate the actions of the Italian communist Emilio Sereni without considering his Zionist background. Anyone who is interested in understanding the complexities of communism in the past century and to avoid simplistic conclusions about this ideology will benefit from the study. The problem at stake is that researchers often approach communism in a monolithic manner, which does not adequately explain the multiform manifestations (practical and theoretical) of that phenomenon. This ought to change and to this extent this essay hopes to contribute to that recent strand of historical research that challenges simplistic views on commun- ism. More specifically, by analysing the Management Councils that Sereni created in postwar Italy, we can see that many of their features in fact derived from, or found their deepest origins in, his previous experience as a committed socialist Zionist. The study, then, also relates Sereni to and looks at the broader experiences of early twentieth- century Zionism and Italian communism in the early postwar years. Keywords: Emilio Sereni; communism; socialist Zionism; Workers’ Councils; Italian Communist Party. Introduction In recent years, communist studies have been enjoying what one may call a renaissance after the apparent stagnation which lasted the quarter-century that followed the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 (Gilman-Opalsky 2011, 20).
    [Show full text]
  • Dachau Concentration Camp
    Coordinates: 48°16ʹ13ʺN 11°28ʹ05ʺE Dachau concentration camp From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Dachau concentration camp (German: Konzentrationslager (KZ) Dachau, IPA: [ˈdaxaʊ]) was the first Nazi concentration camp opened in Germany, located on the grounds of an abandoned munitions factory near the medieval town of Dachau, about 16 km (9.9 mi) northwest of Munich in the state of Bavaria, which is located in southern Germany. Opened 22 March 1933,[1], it was the first regular concentration camp established by the coalition government of the National Socialist Party (Nazi Party) and the American troops guard the main entrance to German Nationalist People's Party (dissolved on Dachau just after liberation 6 July 1933). Heinrich Himmler, Chief of Police of Munich, officially described the camp as "the first concentration camp for political prisoners."[1] Contents 1 General overview 2 Main camp 2.1 Purpose 2.2 Organization 2.3 Demographics 3 Satellite camps and sub-camps 4 Liberation 4.1 Main camp 4.2 Satellite camps 4.3 Killing of camp guards 4.4 Post-liberation Easter at Dachau 5 After liberation 6 In popular culture 7 The memorial site 8 List of personnel 8.1 Commanders 8.2 Other staff 8.3 SS and civilian doctors 9 List of notable prisoners 9.1 Jewish political prisoners 9.2 Resistance fighters 9.3 Clergy 9.4 Politicians 9.4.1 Communists 9.5 Writers 9.6 Royalty 9.7 Others 10 Gallery 11 See also 12 References 13 Bibliography 14 External links General overview Dachau served as a prototype and model for the other Nazi concentration camps that followed.
    [Show full text]
  • University of London Thesis
    2809076477 REFERENCE ONLY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON THESIS Name of Author COPYRIGHT This is a thesis accepted for a Higher Degree of the University of London. It is an unpublished typescript and the copyright is held by the author. All persons consulting the thesis must read and abide by the Copyright Declaration below. COPYRIGHT DECLARATION I recognise that the copyright of the above-described thesis rests with the author and that no quotation from it or information derived from it may be published without the prior written consent of the author. LOAN Theses may not be lent to individuals, but the University Library may lend a copy to approved libraries within the United Kingdom, for consultation solely on the premises of those libraries. Application should be made to: The Theses Section, University of London Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU. REPRODUCTION University of London theses may not be reproduced without explicit written perjnission from the University of London Library. Enquiries should be addressed to the Theses Section of the Library. Regulations concerning reproduction vary according to the date of acceptance of the thesis and are listed below as guidelines. A. Before 1962. Permission granted only upon the prior written consent of the author. (The University Library will provide addresses where possible). B. 1962 - 1974. In many cases the author has agreed to permit copying upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. C. 1975 - 1988. Most theses may be copied upon completion of a Copyright Declaration. D. 1989 onwards. Most theses may be copied. This thesis comes within category D. This copy has been deposited in the Library______ of £A..C* ^ This copy has been deposited in the University of London Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU.
    [Show full text]