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^J ^K FEBRERO/ MARZO 1980 7 francos (España: 150 pesetas) El Correo*la unesco 1a3 » Victoria Mí en IMubia fe 4.000 años de historia '/, salvados de las aguas ^W^W^Íi I t Foto Ù- Museo Nacional de Varsovia Caballo nubio TESOROS Este caballo pertenece a una pintura mural de la catedral de Faras que actualmente se con¬ DEL ARTE serva en el Museo de Varsovia como regalo del Gobierno sudanés. (Los gobiernos de Sudón y de Egipto donaron a cada uno de los países que participaron en la campaña de Nubia una parte MUNDIAL de los tesoros descubiertos por sus misiones arqueológicas). Faras, o Pachoras, según su nom¬ bre preérabe, era un importante centro de la Nubia sudanesa, situado muy cerca de la frontera con Egipto. De su excavación se encargó la expedición arqueológica polaca. El sitio fue uno de ^% los primeros de la Nubia sudanesa en quedar sumergidos por las aguas de la gran presa de Asuán. La catedral de Faras tuvo gran importancia en la historia del cristianismo en la Nubia inferior. En esta pintura el artista del siglo XII imita perfectamente los movimientos del caballo Sudán que se encabrita. Los dos apéndices bajo la pata delantera derecha parecen indicar que lo aquí reproducido era un ornamento que podía clavarse o colgarse. páginas ei Correo ^e ^a unesc° "LA HISTORIA DE LOS HOMBRES.. por Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow Una ventana abierta al mundo Lanzada por la Unesco, la mayor operación de salvamento arqueológico de todos los tiempos (1960-1980) FEBRERO-MARZO 1979 AÑO XXXII 5 VICTORIA EN NUBIA: EGIPTO por Shehata Adam Mohamed PUBLICADO EN 20 IDIOMAS 16 VICTORIA EN NUBIA: SUDAN por Negm-EI-Dln Mohamed Sherif Español Italiano Turco Inglés Hindi Urdu 14 MONUMENTOS SALVADOS DEL NILO Mapa Francés Tamul Catalán Ruso Hebreo Malayo 20 NUBIA REDESCUBIERTA Alemán Persa Coreano De la prehistoria a los tiempos faraónicos por Torgny Säve-Söderbergh Arabe Portugués Swahili Japonés Neerlandés 25 VICISITUDES DE UNA HISTORIA Del Imperio de Kush al Islam por William Y. Adams Publicación mensual de la UNESCO 30 EXCAVACIONES REALIZADAS (Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Mapa Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura) Venta y distribución : 32 VEINTE AÑOS DE EXPEDICIONES ARQUEOLÓGICAS Unesco, place de Fontenoy, 75700 París 35 PAGINAS EN COLOR Tarifas de suscripción : un año : 35 francos (España : 750 pesetas) dos años : 58 francos. 46 FILAE, LA ISLA SAGRADA Tapas para 11 números : 29 francos. por lorwerth Eiddon Stephen Edwards Los artículos y fotografías que no llevan el signo © (copyright) 48 LA LEYENDA DE ISIS Y OSIRIS pueden reproducirse siempre que se haga constar "De EL CORREO DE LA UNESCO", el número del que han por François Daumas sido tomados y el nombre del autor. Deberán enviarse a EL CORREO tres ejemplares de la revista o periódico que los 53 EL MENSAJE MÁGICO DE ABU SIMBEL publique. Las fotografías reproducibles serán facilitadas por la por Christiane Desroches-Noblecourt Redacción a quien las solicite por escrito. Los artículos firma¬ dos no expresan forzosamente la opinión de la Unesco o de la Redacción de la revista. En cambio, los títulos y los píes de 58 EL ASOMBRO DE RAMSES fotos son de la incumbencia exclusiva de esta última. por Tewfik al-Haklm Redacción y Administración : 62 LAS FORTALEZAS SUMERGIDAS DE NUBIA Unesco, place de Fontenoy, 75700 París por Jean Vercoutter Jefe de redacción : Jean Gaudin 66 NOSTALGIA DE LA "TIERRA BENDITA" por Robert A. Pernea Subjefe de redacción : Olga Rodel 2 TESOROS DEL ARTE MUNDIAL SUDAN : Caballo nubio Secretaria de redacción : Gillian Whitcomb Redactores principales : En la preparación de este número especial hemos contado con la valiosa colaboración de Ab¬ Español : Francisco Fernández-Santos (París) del Moneim El Sawi, redactorjefe de la edición árabe de El Correo de la Unesco, quien, prime¬ Francés : ro como Subsecretario de Estado y después como Ministro de Cultura de Egipto, fue uno de Inglés : Howard Brabyn (París) los principales promotores y organizadores de la Campaña Internacional. Hemos de agradecer Ruso : Víctor Golíachkov (París) también su colaboración al conocido arqueólogo francés Louis A. Christophe que, en su cali¬ Alemán : Werner Merkli (Berna) dad de principal asesor de la Unesco en materia de arqueología, desempeñó un papel capital Arabe : Abdel Moneim El Sawí (El Cairo) en la campaña; el señor Christophe puso a nuestra disposición sus vastos conocimientos y su Japonés : Kazuo Akao (Tokio) experiencia práctica de las operaciones en Nubia en la realización de este número. Italiano : María Remiddi (Roma) Hindi : H.L. Sharma (Delhi) Tamul : M. Mohammed Mustafa (Madras) Hebreo : Alexander Broido (Tel-Aviv) Persa : Fereydun Ardalan (Teherán) Portugués : Benedicto Silva (Río de Janeiro) Neerlandés : Paul Morren (Amberes) Turco : Mefra llgazer (Estambul) Urdu : Hakim Mohammed Said (Karachi) Catalán : Cristian Rahola (Barcelona) Malayo : Azlzah Hamzah (Kuala Lumpur) Nuestra portada Coreano : Lim Moun-Young (Seul) El 10 de marzo de 1980, veinte años después de su iniciación, concluye la Campaña Swahili : Domino Rutayebesibwa (Dar es-Salam) Internacional de la Unesco para salvar los Monumentos de Nubia de las aguas del Ni- lo retenidas por la gran presa de Asuán. Para celebrar tal ocasión El Correo de la Redactores adjuntos : Unesco rompe con su norma publicando en febrero-marzo de este año un número Español : Jorge Enrique Adoum doble dedicado enteramente a esta extraordinaria empresa de cooperación cultural Francés : Djamel Benstaali internacional. Nuestro habitual número doble de agosto-septiembre será sustituido Inglés : Roy Malkin por dos números ordinarios. En la portada, una columna del templo de Nectanebo, que forma parte del conjunto monumental de Fllae, tal como puede verse en su Documentación : Christiane Boucher nuevo emplazamiento de la isla de Agilkia. La cabeza grabada en la columna es la de Ilustración : Ariane Bailey la antigua diosa egipcia Hathor. Durante la campaña de Nubia obreros, ingenieros, Composición gráfica : Philippe Gentil arquitectos y arqueólogos conjugaron sus esfuerzos para poner a salvo un total de veintidós templos, empresa que bien puede considerarse como una de las mayores proezas técnicas de este siglo. La correspondencia debe dirigirse al Director de la revista. Foto Mohamed Fathy Ibrahim Desaouky © Centro de Documentación, El Cairo LA historia de los hombres comienza desde el momento en que toman cuerpo sus recuerdos, en que sus interrogaciones y sus esperanzas se fijan en la piedra, se expresan en una máscara o se encarnan en un ritmo musical. Desde ese momento sus mensajes se transmiten de generación en generación, desafiando a la muerte y abriendo el lento curso de la continuidad histórica, gracias a la cual perpetúan las naciones, más allá de todos los cambios, su identidad colectiva. Ello hace que las obras que forman el soporte o mate¬ rial, literario o artístico de esa continuidad hayan adquirido desde las más remotas épocas un valor inestimable para los pue¬ blos a que pertenecen. Pero sólo recientemente ha empezado el resto del mundo a respetarlas, estudiarlas y apreciarlas. Nuestra época es, en efecto, la primera en la historia que percibe el conjunto de esas obras como un todo indivisible y cada una de ellas como parte integrante de un mismo patrimonio universal. La Campaña Internacional para Salvar los Monumentos de Nubia es un magnífico testimonio de esa nueva conciencia de la humani¬ dad. Desde el principio hasta el fin la ha caracterizado el más amplio espíritu de cooperación y, gracias a ello, ha alcanzado todos los objetivos que se le señalaron al iniciarse. La Campaña ha de figurar entre las cuantas empresas grandiosas realizadas por nuestro siglo con vistas a asumir mancomunadamente nuestro pasado y preparar así nuestro futuro. Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow Director General de la, Unesco Foto Mohamed Fathy Ibrahim Dessouky © Centro de Documentación y Estudios del Antiguo Egipto, El Cairo 'á. < -.» 0A fc- :Í~*¿?1: y -* ^ Lanzada por la Unesco, la mayor operación de salvamento arqueológico de todos los tiempos (1960-1980) Victoria en Nubia : Egipto por Chehata Adam Mohamed RAMSES A TROZOS. Los obreros trabajan tras el busto ya trasladado de EL barco levó anclas y se deslizó Ramsés el Grande, en el gran templo de Abú Simbel. Terminada en septiembre silenciosamente sobre las aguas del de 1968, después de cinco años de denodados esfuerzos, la gigantesca tarea de Nilo para emprender su viaje a través cortar en bloques, transportar y reconstituir el más grandioso templo del de las tierras nubias. Tomó la dirección del soberano egipcio representó un triunfo de la técnica y de la ingeniería (véanse las páginas 10 y 11 y las páginas centrales en color). sur precisamente en el momento en que apuntaban en el horizonte las primeras luces. Un paisaje desértico se extendía hasta donde alcanzaba la vista a ambos lados del río. Las casas nubias, identificables por las decoraciones que recubrían sus muros y fachadas y por las cúpulas que sobresalían de sus patios interiores, se escalonaban a lo largo de las dos riberas del Nilo, fuente de vida de Egipto y Sudán. Ahí vivían los nubios, de ojos negros y expresivos, vesti¬ dos con sus túnicas amplias de inmaculada blancura. El sol no tardó en salir ; el barco se abría apaciblemente camino en medio de las aguas azuladas y, a medida que avanzaba, en una y otra orilla iban apareciendo los tem¬ plos que habían sido en otros tiempos luga¬ res de adoración de las diviniadades egipcias y nubias. Junto a esos templos desfilaban igual¬ mente tumbas, cementerios, ciudades, rui¬ nas de iglesias y mezquitas. Y sobre las rocas aparecían inscripciones, vestigios dejados por quienes habían atravesado la región o vivido en ella en el curso de la histo¬ ria. Esa vida sedentaria, instaurada desde tiempo inmemorial en ambas riberas del Nilo, iba a experimentar, sin embargo, en el siglo XX grandes cambios como resultado de la construcción de la presa de Asuán (1898-1902) y, ulteriormente, de su realza¬ miento en dos ocasiones, en 1907-1912 y en 1929-1934.
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  • Stable Isotope Analysis of Hair from Christian Period Kulubnarti In

    Stable Isotope Analysis of Hair from Christian Period Kulubnarti In

    STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF HAIR FROM CHRISTIAN PERIOD KULUBNARTI IN SUDANESE NUBIA by HILLARY JANE GLASGOW B.S., Kansas State University, 2006 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts Department of Anthropology 2011 This thesis entitled: Stable Isotope Analysis of Hair from Christian Period Kulubnarti in Sudanese Nubia written by Hillary Jane Glasgow has been approved by the Department of Anthropology Dr. Matt Sponheimer Dr. Dennis Van Gerven Dr. Michelle Sauther Date The final copy of this thesis has been examined by the signatories, and we find that both the content and the form meet acceptable presentation standards of scholarly work in the above mentioned discipline. ii Glasgow, Hillary Jane (M.A., Department of Anthropology) Stable Isotope Analysis of Hair from Christian Period Kulubnarti in Sudanese Nubia Thesis directed by Associate Professor Matt Sponheimer Stable isotope analysis of hair was used to investigate the dietary patterns of individuals from the Christian period Sudanese Nubian site of Kulubnarti, taking into consideration established patterns of health. Over three decades of research has shown consistent differences between two cemetery populations, believed to represent diachronic periods of use. In this study, carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were analyzed to reconstruct aspects of diet, while oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios were analyzed to evaluate the belief that S cemetery dates to the Early Christian period (A.D. 600-850), while the R cemetery dates to the Late Christian period (A.D. 1100-1400). These isotopic data suggest that diets were very similar between the two populations, and therefore did not directly cause the observed differential patterns of stress.
  • Tetracycline Labeled Bone Content Analysis of Ancient Nubian Remains from Kulubnarti

    Tetracycline Labeled Bone Content Analysis of Ancient Nubian Remains from Kulubnarti

    TETRACYCLINE LABELED BONE CONTENT ANALYSIS OF ANCIENT NUBIAN REMAINS FROM KULUBNARTI THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Julie Anna Margolis Graduate Program in Anthropology The Ohio State University 2015 Master's Examination Committee: Dr. Clark Spencer Larsen, co-advisor Dr. Samuel D. Stout, co-advisor Dr. Douglas E. Crews Copyrighted by Julie Anna Margolis 2015 ABSTRACT Armelagos and colleagues (2001) have hypothesized that beer is a conduit for in vivo tetracycline consumption by ancient Nubians. Streptomycetes bacteria has a high prevalence in Sudanese-Nubian soil (60 -70%) and secretes the antibiotic under harsh conditions such as fermentation. At the site of Kulubnarti, 21-S-46 cemetery (716 CE) skeletons likely represent a working underclass contemporaneous with the 21-R-2 cemetery (752 CE) containing the remains of a land-owning class. Interpretations of archaeological and osteological evidence suggest that poorer health and higher mortality occurred in the S population. To test whether an anticipated difference in tetracycline ingestion between S and R cemetery populations existed, the amount of tetracycline- labeled bone was quantified under ultra violet light using image analysis software. Amount of tetracycline labeling was expressed in terms of the total area of labeled bone tissue in square micrometers, number of labeled osteons, and number of grid intersections over labeled bone. No significant differences in percent tetracycline-labeled bone tissue, or percent labeled osteons was observed between cemeteries. These results suggest that tetracycline ingestion was similar for S and R group members, class differences were not mediating tetracycline ingestion, and both sub-groups had equal access to beer.