Isbjörnar Och Glaciärer Eller Oljemiljonärer?

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Isbjörnar Och Glaciärer Eller Oljemiljonärer? Examensarbete 15 hp – Kandidatuppsats Medie- och kommunikationsvetenskap Isbjörnar och glaciärer eller oljemiljonärer? En kvalitativ fallstudie om hur Greenpeace arbetat med Anti-Branding som en del av deras kommunikationsstrategi mot Shell i kampanjen ”Save the Arctic!” Författare: Hannes Lövbacka Handledare: Anneli Ekelin Termin: VT15 Reklam, grafisk design och visuell kommunikation Nivå: Kandidat Abstract Author: Hannes Lövbacka Title: Isbjörnar och glaciärer eller oljemiljonärer? Location: Linnaeus University Language: Swedish Number of pages: 56 Anti-branding is a growing social movement as well as a communication strategy that criticize companies through redefining their brands and immaterial values by connecting negative associations to them. Although Anti-Branding is growing, research in the topic is scarce. Through a qualitative case study,based on three (3) Anti-Branding actions, a multimodal analysis and six (6) semi-structured interviews has been made to contribute research to the topic by examining how an organization can use Anti-Branding against a company to create change. The study show that various anti-branding actions in a multifaceted campaign is an efficient tool to create attention, awareness and involvement that lead to change. By utilizing the participatory culture of the this digital age organizations can use anti-branding efficiently by interacting with its publics to engage them to be co-creators of the anti-branding message and to be a part of the social movement and its culture. Nyckelord Strategisk kommunikation, aktivism, anti-branding, culture jamming, varumärkesmotstånd, varumärken, immateriella värden, påverkansarbete, detagarkultur, Tack Tack min handledare Anneli Ekelin för allt fantastiskt stöd du gett mig i denna uppsats och till alla intervjupersoner som med glädje och entusiasm delatagit i undersökningen. i Innehåll 1 Inledning ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Problembakgrund .............................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Syfte och frågeställning ..................................................................................................... 6 2 Metod ............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 Fallstudie ............................................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 Multimodal analys ........................................................................................................ 8 2.1.2 Semistrukturerade intervjuer ........................................................................................ 9 2.2 Urval .................................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Informanter ................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.2 Respondenter .............................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Genomförande .................................................................................................................. 11 2.4 Avgränsning ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.5 Analys av material ........................................................................................................... 12 2.6 Metodkritik ...................................................................................................................... 12 2.7 Forskningsetik .................................................................................................................. 13 3 Teori och tidigare forskning ..................................................................................... 14 3.1 Strategisk kommunikation .............................................................................................. 14 3.1.1 Att skapa påverkan ..................................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Varumärken och dess immateriella värden ................................................................ 16 3.1.3 Imageskapande ........................................................................................................... 17 3.2 Anti-Branding .................................................................................................................. 18 3.2.1 Culture jamming och andra taktiker ........................................................................... 19 3.2.2 Ett exempel för att nyansera ....................................................................................... 20 3.2.3 Diskursiv praktik ........................................................................................................ 20 3.3 Ett digitalt samhälle ......................................................................................................... 22 4 Resultatredovisning och analys ................................................................................ 24 4.1 Multimodal analys ........................................................................................................... 24 4.1.1 Arcticready.com ......................................................................................................... 24 4.1.2 Shell’s priceless Grand Prix moment (youtube film) ................................................. 27 4.1.3 #ShellFAIL: Private Arctic Launch Party Goes Wrong (youtube film) ..................... 29 4.2 Intervjuanalys .................................................................................................................. 32 4.2.1 Humor, positivitet och engagemang ........................................................................... 32 4.2.2 Trovärdighet, avsändare och avsändaretik ................................................................. 34 4.2.3 Interaktion och delning ............................................................................................... 38 4.2.4 Mottagare och målgrupp ............................................................................................. 42 4.2.5 Narrativ som taktik ..................................................................................................... 44 4.2.6 Målsättning, effektivitet och förändring ..................................................................... 47 5 Slutsats och diskussion .............................................................................................. 52 5.1 Förslag till vidare forskning ............................................................................................ 55 Referenser ...................................................................................................................... 56 Böcker ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Artiklar ................................................................................................................................... 58 Bilagor ............................................................................................................................... I Bilaga 1 Teman ......................................................................................................................... I Bilaga 2 Intervjuguide ........................................................................................................... II Intervju av Greenpeace ........................................................................................................ III Bilaga 3 Extramaterial ......................................................................................................... VI Länkar till extramaterial ...................................................................................................... VI ii 1 Inledning Greenpeace är en oberoende internationell miljöorganisation som arbetar för att stoppa global miljöförstöring genom att ta samhällsrollen att gå utanför politiken och på olika sätt ta aktion. Greenpeace är mest kända för deras aktioner inom olika kampanjer, men de arbetar även med politisk lobbying och forskning för att lägga press på beslutsfattare och ha argument bakom sina aktioner för att påverka och inspirera andra att agera för en positivare miljöutveckling (www.greenpeace.org). I deras pågående kampanj ”Save the Arctic!”, med start 2012, syftar de till att göra Arktis fri från kommersiella intressen. Problematiken kring Arktis är att där uppskattas finnas ca 20 %1 av världens oexploaterade olje- och gas tillgångar. Dessa har blivit tillgängliga genom att Arktis landskap förändrats, vilket startat en kapplöpning mellan regeringar och multinationella bolag. På grund av den globala uppvärmningen, som till stor del skapas av förbränning av fossila bränslen, och dess smältning av de arktiska glaciärerna som hotar världens ekosystem i sin helhet, har detta skapat en kamp mellan Greenpeace och de kommersiella intressena för dess exploatering. Greenpeace arbete idag sträcker sig ut i många olika kanaler och de har ett modernt och progressivt förhållningssätt till marknadsföring och kommunikation. Sedan Greenpeace startades på 1970 talet har tekniken utvecklats exponentiellt vilket har öppnat upp stora möjligheter för bland annat
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