DOCSLIB.ORG

Movement Patterns of Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Sheatwaters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Movement Patterns of Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Sheatwaters Movement Patterns ofHawaiian Petrels and Newell's Sheatwaters on the Island ofHawai'i1 Robert H. Day, 2 Brian A. Cooper, 3 and Richard]. Blaha3 Abstract: We studied movements and distribution and abundance of endan­ gered Hawaiian Petrels ('Ua'u [Pterodroma sandwichensis Ridgway]) and threat­ ened Newell's Shearwaters ('A'o [Puffinus auricularis newelli Henshaw]) on the island of Hawai'i in May-June 2001 and 2002. We recorded radar targets of either species at 14 of the 18 sites but recorded no birds visually at any site. Movement rates of petrels and shearwaters were very low (0-3.2 targets per hour) over all except one of the sites (Waipi'o Valley: 25.8 targets per hour). We saw radar targets moving from shortly after sunset throughout the rest of the sampling, suggesting that both petrels and shearwaters were present. Highest movement rates occurred 1-2 hr after sunset, when primarily Newell's Shear­ waters are flying. Timing of evening movements suggests that Hawaiian Petrels fly over the northern and southern parts of the island and may dominate on Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea. In contrast, timing suggests that Newell's Shear­ waters fly over essentially the entire island (except in the southwestern part, where no birds appear to occur), dominate numerically in the Kohala Moun­ tains, and occur in low numbers on Mauna Loa, in the Puna District, and on the northern slopes of Mauna Kea. Evening flight directions were predominantly inland at all sites except four. The limited radar data suggest that a substantial population change did not occur in the Puna District from 1995 to 2001-2002. WITH THE EXCEPTION of the island of dearth of basic biological information is due Kaua'i, little information is available on primarily to these birds' nocturnal habits and the distribution, abundance, and population the inaccessibility of their remote, mountain­ trends of the endangered Hawaiian Petrel ous nesting colonies. Obtaining accurate in­ ('Ua'u [Pterodroma sandwichensis Ridgway]) formation on distribution, abundance, and and the threatened Newell's (Townsend's) population trends is an objective of the Re­ Shearwater ('A'o [Puffinus auricularis newelli covery Plan for both species (USFWS 1983) Henshaw]) in the Hawaiian Islands. This and is especially important because of the re­ cent, precipitous declines of Newell's Shear­ waters on Kaua'i: in 2001, the number of shearwaters and petrels recorded on ornitho­ I The u.s. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Ecoregion, Honolulu, funded the 2001 research, and the logical radar around this island averaged only U.S. Coast Guard, Civil Engineering Unit, Honolulu, 38-40% of that recorded in June 1993 (Day funded the 2002 research. Manuscript accepted 14 Au­ et al., in press). gust 2002. The Hawaiian Petrel formerly was com­ 2 AER, Inc.-Environmental Research & Services, mon on the island of Hawai'i (Wilson and P.O. Box 80410, Fairbanks, Alaska 99708-0410 (phone: 907-455-6777; fax: 907-455-6781; E-mail: bday@abrinc. Evans 1890-1899). This seabird reportedly com). nested in large numbers on the slopes of 3 AER, Inc.-Environmental Research & Services, Mauna Loa, in the saddle between Mauna P.O. Box 249, Forest Grove, Oregon 97116-0249. Loa and Mauna Kea, and at moderate to high elevations on Hualalai (Wilson and Evans Pacific Science (2003), vol. 57, no. 2:147-159 1890-1899, Henshaw 1902, Richardson and © 2003 by University of Hawai'i Press Woodside 1954). For example, Munro saw All rights reserved one on the ground in 1891 at ~1370 m 147 148 PACIFIC SCIENCE· April 2003 (4500 ft) in Honaunau, Kona District (Banko (Sincock and Swedberg 1969, USFWS 1983, 1980a). The Hawaiian Petrel was a food Simons 1985). A secondary threat to these source of the ancient Hawaiians, and bones two species is their grounding (either through of this species are common in middens ex­ collision or exhaustion) and subsequent mor­ cavated in numerous locations on the island tality during the annual fallout of birds, pri­ of Hawai'i (Banko 1980a). By the beginning marily juvenile Newell's Shearwaters that are of the twentieth century, however, a decline on their way to the sea for the first time in this species had been noted by local resi­ (Hadley 1961, Telfer 1979, Sincock 1981, dents, and, by the early 1940s, Munro (1960) Reed et al. 1985, Telfer et al. 1987, Cooper feared for its survival in the Hawaiian Islands. and Day 1998, Podolsky et al. 1998, Ainley et However, this species still nests in low num­ al. 2001). Predation by introduced mammals, bers at higher elevations of Mauna Loa however, is thought to be the primary cause (Simons and Hodges 1998, Hu et al. 2001), of decline ofboth species on most islands and if not elsewhere on the island. is considered to be the major threat to the The Newell's Shearwater was thought to surviving populations at this time (USFWS be extinct in the Hawaiian Islands after 1894. 1983, Simons and Hodges 1998, Ainley et al. In 1954, however, a specimen was collected 2001). on O'ahu (King and Gould 1967), and a Ornithological radar, combined with visual breeding colony was found on Kaua'i in 1967 sampling, is useful for studying the move­ (Sincock and Swedberg 1969). Newell's ments and behaviors of these two species of Shearwater also breeds on the island of Ha­ nocturnal seabirds and is especially useful in wai'i, but probably in extremely low numbers: monitoring their populations. This research a few small nesting colonies recently have tool, which has been used in the Hawaiian been found in cinder cones in the Puna Dis­ Islands since 1992, has enabled much to be trict of eastern Hawai'i (Reynolds and Ri­ learned about the basic movements, behavior, chotte 1997). This species nests primarily in distribution, and/or population trends of burrows excavated under thick vegetation, these species around Kaua'i (Cooper and Day especially uluhe fern (Dicranopteris linearis 1995,1998, Day and Cooper 1995, Day et al., [Ainley et al. 1997]). in press), Maui (Cooper and Day in press), Reasons for the declines of both species and Hawai'i (Reynolds et al. 1997; B.A.C. and are numerous. Introduced predators include R.H.D., unpubl. data). Most is known about wild pigs (Sus scrofa), Indian mongooses movements of these species on Kaua'i and (Herpestes auropunetatus), feral cats (Felis catus) Maui. and dogs (Canis familiaris), Barn Owls (Tyto Because of the recent declines of Newell's alba), Common Mynas (Acridotheres tristis) , Shearwaters on Kaua'i and the potential for and Norway (Rattus norvegicus), black (R. rat­ continued development on all of the main tus), and Polynesian (R. exulans) rats, all of Hawaiian Islands, there is a clear need for which prey on both species, their eggs, and/ basic information on the distribution, abun­ or nestlings; in addition, introduced feral dance, and movement patterns of petrels and goats (Capra hircus) trample nesting colonies, shearwaters on all of the Hawaiian Islands. and endemic Short-eared Owls (Asio flam­ This study summarizes the results of radar meus sandwichensis) kill adults (Richardson and surveys for Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Woodside 1954, Sincock and Swedberg 1969, Shearwaters on the island of Hawai'i during Byrd 1979, Byrd and Telfer 1980, Conant May-June 2001 and 2002. 1980, Byrd and Moriarty 1981, USFWS 1983, Simons 1984, 1985, Simons and Study Area Hodges 1998, Ainley et al. 2001, Hodges and Nagata 2001). Avian malaria and avian poxvi­ Hawai'i is the largest and easternmost of the ruses from introduced birds also may have main Hawaiian Islands. It is ~130 km (~81 negatively affected populations of both spe­ miles) in an east-west direction and ~ 145 km cies, particularly in low-elevation populations (~90 miles) in a north-south direction and Seabirds on Hawai'i . Day et at. 149 has a total area of ~1O,41O km 2 (~4021 ditions (daytime, crepuscular [twilight]' dark­ square miles). The island is dominated by ness), and moon phase/presence (i.e., whether four mountains: the enormous Mauna Loa the moon was above or below the horizon). (4170 m [13,679 ft] high) in the southern part When a volunteer was available (11 of the 21 of the island, Mauna Kea (4206 m [13,796 ftl) nights), we also conducted visual sampling in the northeast, Hualalai (2522 m [8271 ftl) (lOx binoculars or 5x Noctron night-vision in the west, and the Kohala Mountains (1671 scope) for species identifications and flight m [5480 ftl) in the northwest. Mauna Loa, altitudes. Mauna Kea, and Hualalai are classic shield volcanoes, whereas the Kohala Mountains are Data Collection characterized by numerous steep valleys on their northern sides, much like northern We collected information on flying birds with Kaua'i. Habitats range from palm trees at sea a Furuno FCR-1510 MKIII (in 2001) or a level to rain forest (on windward slopes) or Furuno FCR-1411 (in 2002) surveillance ra­ xeric/mesic shrubs (on leeward slopes) at dar, which was an X-band radar transmitting moderate elevations and to snow and alpine at 9410 MHz with a peak power output of 12 vegetation near the summits of Mauna Loa kW (10 kW for the FCR-1411). The range of and Mauna Kea. this radar was set at 1.5 km (1.4 km for the FCR-1411), the pulse setting was 0.07 Ilsec (0.08 Ilsec for the FCR-1411), and the plot­ MATERIALS AND METHODS ting function was set to "continuous" (every We collected data on the movements of 15 sec for the FCR-1411). A similar surveil­ Hawaiian Petrels and Newell's Shearwaters lance radar is described in Cooper et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Life in Mauna Kea's Alpine Desert
    Life in Mauna Kea’s by Mike Richardson Alpine Desert Lycosa wolf spiders, a centipede that preys on moribund insects that are blown to the summit, and the unique, flightless wekiu bug. A candidate for federal listing as an endangered species, the wekiu bug was first discovered in 1979 by entomologists on Pu‘u Wekiu, the summit cinder cone. “Wekiu” is Hawaiian for “topmost” or “summit.” The wekiu bug belongs to the family Lygaeidae within the order of insects known as Heteroptera (true bugs). Most of the 26 endemic Hawaiian Nysius species use a tube-like beak to feed on native plant seed heads, but the wekiu bug uses its beak to suck the hemolymph (blood) from other insects. High above the sunny beaches, rocky coastline, Excluding its close relative Nysius a‘a on the nearby Mauna Loa, the wekiu bug and lush, tropical forests of the Big Island of Hawai‘i differs from all the world’s 106 Nysius lies a unique environment unknown even to many species in its predatory habits and unusual physical characteristics. The bug residents. The harsh, barren, cold alpine desert is so possesses nearly microscopically small hostile that it may appear devoid of life. However, a wings and has the longest, thinnest legs few species existing nowhere else have formed a pre- and the most elongated head of any Lygaeid bug in the world. carious ecosystem-in-miniature of insects, spiders, The wekiu bug, about the size of a other arthropods, and simple plants and lichens. Wel­ grain of rice, is most often found under rocks and cinders where it preys diur­ come to the summit of Mauna Kea! nally (during daylight) on insects and Rising 13,796 feet (4,205 meters) dependent) community of arthropods even birds that are blown up from lower above sea level, Mauna Kea is the was uncovered at the summit.
    [Show full text]
  • Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003
    “Giant of the Pacific” Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003 Plan of encampment on Mauna Loa summit illustrated by C. Wilkes, Engraved by N. Gimbrede (Wilkes 1845; vol. IV:155) Prepared by Dennis Dougherty B.A., Project Director Edited by J. Moniz-Nakamura, Ph. D. Principal Investigator Pacific Island Cluster Publications in Anthropology #4 National Park Service Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park Department of the Interior 2004 “Giant of the Pacific” Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003 Prepared by Dennis Dougherty, B.A. Edited by J. Moniz-Nakamura, Ph.D. National Park Service Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park P.O. Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 November, 2004 Mauna Loa Reconnaissance 2003 Executive Summary and Acknowledgements The Mauna Loa Reconnaissance project was designed to generate archival and inventory/survey level recordation for previously known and unknown cultural resources within the high elevation zones (montane, sub-alpine, and alpine) of Mauna Loa. Field survey efforts included collecting GPS data at sites, preparing detailed site plan maps and feature descriptions, providing site assessment and National Register eligibility, and integrating the collected data into existing site data bases within the CRM Division at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (HAVO). Project implementation included both pedestrian transects and aerial transects to accomplish field survey components and included both NPS and Research Corporation University of Hawaii (RCUH) personnel. Reconnaissance of remote alpine areas was needed to increase existing data on historic and archeological sites on Mauna Loa to allow park managers to better plan for future projects. The reconnaissance report includes a project introduction; background sections including physical descriptions, cultural setting overview, and previous archeological studies; fieldwork sections describing methods, results, and feature and site summaries; and a section on conclusions and findings that provide site significance assessments and recommendations.
    [Show full text]
  • THE HAWAIIAN-EMPEROR VOLCANIC CHAIN Part I Geologic Evolution
    VOLCANISM IN HAWAII Chapter 1 - .-............,. THE HAWAIIAN-EMPEROR VOLCANIC CHAIN Part I Geologic Evolution By David A. Clague and G. Brent Dalrymple ABSTRACT chain, the near-fixity of the hot spot, the chemistry and timing of The Hawaiian-Emperor volcanic chain stretches nearly the eruptions from individual volcanoes, and the detailed geom­ 6,000 km across the North Pacific Ocean and consists of at least etry of volcanism. None of the geophysical hypotheses pro­ t 07 individual volcanoes with a total volume of about 1 million posed to date are fully satisfactory. However, the existence of km3• The chain is age progressive with still-active volcanoes at the Hawaiian ewell suggests that hot spots are indeed hot. In the southeast end and 80-75-Ma volcanoes at the northwest addition, both geophysical and geochemical hypotheses suggest end. The bend between the Hawaiian and .Emperor Chains that primitive undegassed mantle material ascends beneath reflects a major change in Pacific plate motion at 43.1 ± 1.4 Ma Hawaii. Petrologic models suggest that this primitive material and probably was caused by collision of the Indian subcontinent reacts with the ocean lithosphere to produce the compositional into Eurasia and the resulting reorganization of oceanic spread­ range of Hawaiian lava. ing centers and initiation of subduction zones in the western Pacific. The volcanoes of the chain were erupted onto the floor of the Pacific Ocean without regard for the age or preexisting INTRODUCTION structure of the ocean crust. Hawaiian volcanoes erupt lava of distinct chemical com­ The Hawaiian Islands; the seamounts, hanks, and islands of positions during four major stages in their evolution and the Hawaiian Ridge; and the chain of Emperor Seamounts form an growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaiian Hotspot
    V51B-0546 (AGU Fall Meeting) High precision Pb, Sr, and Nd isotope geochemistry of alkalic early Kilauea magmas from the submarine Hilina bench region, and the nature of the Hilina/Kea mantle component J-I Kimura*, TW Sisson**, N Nakano*, ML Coombs**, PW Lipman** *Department of Geoscience, Shimane University **Volcano Hazard Team, USGS JAMSTEC Shinkai 6500 81 65 Emperor Seamounts 56 42 38 27 20 12 5 0 Ma Hawaii Islands Ready to go! Hawaiian Hotspot N ' 0 3 ° 9 Haleakala 1 Kea trend Kohala Loa 5t0r6 end Mauna Kea te eii 95 ol Hualalai Th l 504 na io sit Mauna Loa Kilauea an 509 Tr Papau 208 Hilina Seamont Loihi lic ka 209 Al 505 N 98 ' 207 0 0 508 ° 93 91 9 1 98 KAIKO 99 SHINKAI 02 KAIKO Loa-type tholeiite basalt 209 Transitional basalt 95 504 208 Alkalic basalt 91 508 0 50 km 155°00'W 154°30'W Fig. 1: Samples obtained by Shinkai 6500 and Kaiko dives in 1998-2002 10 T-Alk Mauna Kea 8 Kilauea Basanite Mauna Loa -K M Hilina (low-Si tholeiite) 6 Hilina (transitional) Hilina (alkali) Kea Hilina (basanite) 4 Loa Hilina (nephelinite) Papau (Loa type tholeiite) primary 2 Nep Basaltic Basalt andesite (a) 0 35 40 45 50 55 60 SiO2 Fig. 2: TAS classification and comparison of the early Kilauea lavas to representative lavas from Hawaii Big Island. Kea-type tholeiite through transitional, alkali, basanite to nephelinite lavas were collected from Hilina bench. Loa-type tholeiite from Papau seamount 100 (a) (b) (c) OIB OIB OIB M P / e l p 10 m a S E-MORB E-MORB E-MORB Loa type tholeiite Low Si tholeiite Transitional 1 f f r r r r r r r f d y r r d b b
    [Show full text]
  • Geology, Geochemistry and Earthquake History of Lō`Ihi Seamount, Hawai`I
    INVITED REVIEW Geology, Geochemistry and Earthquake History of Lō`ihi Seamount, Hawai`i Michael O. Garcia1*, Jackie Caplan-Auerbach2, Eric H. De Carlo3, M.D. Kurz4 and N. Becker1 1Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, HI, USA 2U.S.G.S., Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, USA 3Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai`i, Honolulu, HI, USA 4Department of Chemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA *Corresponding author: Tel.: 001-808-956-6641, FAX: 001-808-956-5521; email: [email protected] Key words: Loihi, seamount, Hawaii, petrology, geochemistry, earthquakes Abstract A half century of investigations are summarized here on the youngest Hawaiian volcano, Lō`ihi Seamount. It was discovered in 1952 following an earthquake swarm. Surveying in 1954 determined it has an elongate shape, which is the meaning of its Hawaiian name. Lō`ihi was mostly forgotten until two earthquake swarms in the 1970’s led to a dredging expedition in 1978, which recovered young lavas. This led to numerous expeditions to investigate the geology, geophysics, and geochemistry of this active volcano. Geophysical monitoring, including a real- time submarine observatory that continuously monitored Lō`ihi’s seismic activity for three months, captured some of the volcano’s earthquake swarms. The 1996 swarm, the largest recorded in Hawai`i, was preceded by at least one eruption and accompanied by the formation of a ~300-m deep pit crater, renewing interest in this submarine volcano. Seismic and petrologic data indicate that magma was stored in a ~8-9 km deep reservoir prior to the 1996 eruption.
    [Show full text]
  • Metadata for Hawaii Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI)
    HYDRO Hawaii ESI: HYDRO (Hydrology Polygons and Lines) Metadata: Identification_Information Data_Quality_Information Spatial_Data_Organization_Information Spatial_Reference_Information Entity_and_Attribute_Information Distribution_Information Metadata_Reference_Information Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Publication_Date: 200111 Title: Hawaii ESI: HYDRO (Hydrology Polygons and Lines) Edition: Second Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Vector digital data Series_Information: Series_Name: None Issue_Identification: Hawaii Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Seattle, Washington Publisher: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Other_Citation_Details: Prepared by Research Planning, Inc., Columbia, South Carolina for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service, Office of Response and Restoration, Hazardous Materials Response Division, Seattle, Washington Description: Abstract: This data set contains vector arcs and polygons representing coastal hydrography used in the creation of the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) for Hawaii. The HYDRO data layer contains all annotation used in producing the atlas. The annotation features are categorized into
    [Show full text]
  • Ecologically Distinct Populations of Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma
    The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron Williams Honors College, Honors Research The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors Projects College Spring 2020 Ecologically Distinct Populations of Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis): Quantitative Isotopic Analysis to Explore the Uniqueness of Foraging Habits in Kauai and Hawaii Populations Drew Casey [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects Part of the Population Biology Commons Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Recommended Citation Casey, Drew, "Ecologically Distinct Populations of Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis): Quantitative Isotopic Analysis to Explore the Uniqueness of Foraging Habits in Kauai and Hawaii Populations" (2020). Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects. 1046. https://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects/1046 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The University of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Ecologically Distinct Populations of Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis): Quantitative
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Release Survival of Fallout Newell's Shearwater Fledglings From
    Vol. 43: 39–50, 2020 ENDANGERED SPECIES RESEARCH Published September 3 https://doi.org/10.3354/esr01051 Endang Species Res OPEN ACCESS Post-release survival of fallout Newell’s shearwater fledglings from a rescue and rehabilitation program on Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i André F. Raine1,*, Tracy Anderson2, Megan Vynne1, Scott Driskill1, Helen Raine3, Josh Adams4 1Kaua‘i Endangered Seabird Recovery Project (KESRP), Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU), University of Hawai‘i and Division of Forestry and Wildlife, State of Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources, Hanapepe, HI 96716, USA 2Save Our Shearwaters, Humane Society, 3-825 Kaumualii Hwy, Lihue, HI 96766, USA 3Archipelago Research and Conservation, 3861 Ulu Alii Street, Kalaheo, HI 96741, USA 4U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Santa Cruz Field Station 2885 Mission St., Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA ABSTRACT: Light attraction impacts nocturnally active fledgling seabirds worldwide and is a par- ticularly acute problem on Kaua‘i (the northern-most island in the main Hawaiian Island archipel- ago) for the Critically Endangered Newell’s shearwater Puffinus newelli. The Save Our Shearwaters (SOS) program was created in 1979 to address this issue and to date has recovered and released to sea more than 30 500 fledglings. Although the value of the program for animal welfare is clear, as birds cannot simply be left to die, no evaluation exists to inform post-release survival. We used satellite transmitters to track 38 fledglings released by SOS and compared their survival rates (assessed by tag transmission duration) to those of 12 chicks that fledged naturally from the moun- tains of Kaua‘i.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry of Kilauea and Mauna Loa Lava in Space and Time
    "JflK 8 B72 Branch of Chemistry of Kilauea and Mauna Loa Lava in Space and Time GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 735 Chemistry of Kilauea and Mauna Loa Lava in Space and Time By THOMAS L. WRIGHT GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 735 An account of the chemical composition of lavas from Kilauea and Mauna Loa volcanoes. Hawaii, and an interpretation of the processes of partial melting and subsequent fractional crystallization that produced the chemical variability UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1971 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR ROGERS G. B. MORTON, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. A. Radlinski, A cting Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-178247 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 Price 50 cents (paper.cover) Stock number 2401-1185 CONTENTS Page Page Abstract ________________________________________ 1 Observations Continued Introduction _____________________________________ 1 Olivine-controlled lavas _________________ 16 Acknowledgments ________________________________ 2 Petrography __________ __ 16 Definitions and terminology _______________________ 2 Chemistry _______________________ 16 Tholeiite ____________________________________ 2 Differentiated lavas ______ _ ___ 23 Mineral control lines _________________________ 4 Chemical variation within Kilauea lava and differ­ Olivine-controlled and differentiated basalt _____ 4 ence between Kilauea and Mauna Loa lavas____ 23 Previous work ___________________________________ 5
    [Show full text]
  • Activities/Attractions Business Name Island Open/Closed Projected
    Activities/Attractions Business Name Island Open/Closed Projected Reopening Air Ventures Hawaii Kaua‘i Temporarily Closed TBD Alii Kauai Air Tours & Charters Kaua‘i Open Aloha with Touch Kauai Kaua‘i Open Anaina Hou Community Park Kaua‘i Open Anara Spa Kaua‘i Open Apex Charters Kaua‘i Open Aulii Luau Kaua‘i Temporarily Closed TBD Best of Kauai Tour Kaua‘i Open Blue Dolphin Charters Kaua‘i Open Blue Hawaiian Helicopters Kaua‘i Open Blue Ocean Adventure Tours Kaua‘i Open Bubbles Below Scuba Charters Kaua‘i Open Captain Andy's Sailing Adventures Kaua‘i Open Catamaran Kahanu Kaua‘i Open CJM Country Stables, Inc. Kaua‘i Open Common Ground Kauai Kaua‘i Open CrossFit Poipu Kaua‘i Open Da Life Outdoors Kaua‘i Open Deep Sea Fishing Kauai Kaua‘i Open Dolphin Touch Wellness Center Kaua‘i Open Eco eBikes Kauai Kaua‘i Open Garden Island Chocolate Kaua‘i Open GetYourGuide Kaua‘i Open Go Fish Kauai Kaua‘i Open Grand Hyatt Kauai Luau Kaua‘i Temporarily Closed TBD Grove Farm Museum Kaua‘i Open Halele'a Spa Kaua‘i Temporarily Closed 2022 Hanalei Spirits Distillery Corp Kaua‘i Open Holo Holo Charters Kaua‘i Open Ho'opulapula Haraguchi Rice Mill Kaua‘i Temporarily Closed TBD Hunt Fish Kauai Kaua‘i Open Island Gym & Fitness Kaua‘i Open Island Helicopters Kauai, Inc. Kaua‘i Open Jack Harter Helicopters Kaua‘i Open Kauai Athletic Club-Lihue & Kapaa Kaua‘i Open Kauai ATV Kaua‘i Open Kauai Backcountry Adventures Kaua‘i Open Kauai Beach Boys Kaua‘i Open Kauai Bound Kaua‘i Open Kauai Coffee Company Visitor Center Kaua‘i Open Kauai CrossFit Kaua‘i Open Kauai Eco
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaii Pacific Aviation Mauna Loa Helicopters Student Catalog
    Hawaii Pacific Aviation Mauna Loa Helicopters Student Catalog Excellence In Flight Training HAWAII PACIFIC A VIATION M AUNA LOA H ELICOPTERS HAWAII Statement of Nondiscrimination The policy of Mauna Loa Helicopters assumes that no person in the United States shall be discriminated against because of race, religion, age, color, sex, disability, handicap, national origin, marital status, veteran’s status, political belief or affiliation, and that equal opportunity and access to facilities shall be available to all. MLH maintains all student records in confidentiality according to the Family Education Rights and Privacy Act of 1964. Because of the changing needs of the aviation industry, course content, material, or schedules, may occasionally change. Mauna Loa Helicopters reserves the right to make modifications and changes to the Professional Pilot Program and any individual courses offered. The changes may include staff or material and equipment used for the course. The FAA may change a regulation or standard, and MLH will maintain the necessary standards set forth by these governing powers. These changes are designed and incorporated to ensure each student receives the best training possible. This catalog, as well as other bulletins, publications or announcements, are subject to change without notice. Updates on the facts and other information in this catalog can be obtained from the President or General Manager. 73-310 U’u Street 90 Nakolo Place, Suite 2 301 Airport Boulevard maunaloahelicopters.com Kailua Kona, Hawaii 96740 Honolulu, Hawaii 96819 Troy, Alabama 36079 maunaloahelicoptertours.com 808-334-0234 808-834-6799 334-770-0359 Updated January 2015 2 HAWAII PACIFIC A VIATION M AUNA LOA H ELICOPTERS HAWAII Table of Contents Our School ............................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Maunaloa/Current/Longterm.Html K!Lauea – the Most Active Volcano on Earth K!Lauea Structure
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
    [Show full text]