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Mitigation Policy of Flood Disaster in Sungai Penuh Town Province of Jambi, Indonesia

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Mitigation Policy of Flood Disaster in Sungai Penuh Town Province of Jambi, Indonesia Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education ISSN: 2580-4030 (Print) 2580-1775 (Online) Vol 2, No. 1, (pp. 8-15), June, 2018 http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id Mitigation Policy of Flood Disaster in Sungai Penuh Town Province of Jambi, Indonesia *Ristika Utami Raflus1), Paus Iskarni2), and Nicole Legaya3) 1) Graduate of Master Program of Geography Education Faculty of Social Science, Universitas Negeri Padang-INDONESIA 2) Master Program of Geography Education, Universitas Negeri Padang-INDONESIA 3) Flood Disaster Agency, PHILIPPINES Email: [email protected] *Corresponding Author, Received: January 01, 2018, Revised: March 20, 2018, Accepted: May 01, 2018 Abstract This research is based on the weak role of government in reducing the risk of flood disaster in Sungai Penuh Town appropriately, thus efforts are needed to avoid and decrease this situation, in other word mitigation of flood disaster is needed. The purpose of this study are analyzed the characteristics of area based catastrophic flooding, flood hazard, and flood risk and formulate mitigation policy and direction of flood disaster. The type of research is combined or mixed method. This study using quantitative Method used in determining volcano hazard, the level of vulnerability of the community, volcano risk and the use of qualitative Method used in determining the direction and mitigation policies towards mitigation of flood disaster. Findings research shows two characteristics area are good area that didn‘t hazard of flood covering 4872 ha and bad area that cause the flood covering 30403 ha, with three levels of flood hazard are high flood hazard covering 3145 ha, medium flood hazard covering 1726 ha, and low flood hazard covering 30403 ha and three levels of flood risk are flood risk high covering 4872 ha, flood risk medium covering 6395 ha, and flood risk low covering 24008 ha. The high flood harmful for environment and agriculture, due this situation, this research is needed mitigation policy of flood disaster which set up zoning on any flood hazard zone, normalization downstream/ estuaries of river, doing and improving the coordination of government in the cross-sectoral of town and regency, developing the early warning system, and socialitation and provide training/ non-agricultural skills to the society. Keywords: Policy, Mitigation, Flood Disaster, Hazard, Risk Introduction Sungai Penuh Town has beautiful natural scenery with a cool climate, but also prone to natural disasters. In topography and morphology, Sungai Penuh Town is a depressed area, located in the fracture of the ocean, the morphology of wavy are medium and strong, with the lowest point of 500 meters above sea level and the highest point 1800 meters above sea level, with a slope of 14% -55%. This topography makes Sungai Penuh Town full highly vulnerable to landslides and flooding. Meanwhile on the other hand there is a swampy area which has always been the area of flood inundation during the rainy season (BPBDs, 2011; Hermon, 2012a; Hermon, 2012b). Sungai Penuh Town always become flooded every rainy season arrives and always threatens almost all districts in Sungai Penuh Town. The main factors that led to the occurrence of floods in the Sungai Penuh Town, is the high rainfall and lasts longer in the upper watershed Batang Bungkal and Ampuh River resulted in flooding in the downstream flow of the river due to the lack of absorption and lack of good watershed Lake Kerinci and conditions surrounding community settlements in watersheds that are lower than the normal limit 8 Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education ISSN: 2580-4030 (Print) 2580-1775 (Online) Vol 2, No. 1, (pp. 8-15), June, 2018 http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id water discharge their this happens every rainy season. High rainfall also wreak Batang Merao River so during the rainy season every year, resulting in seasonal flooding along the Batang Merao River. While the seepage of rain in the upper reaches is poor so that water flows directly into the watershed surrounding that directly flows into Batang Bungkal River across the Sungai Penuh Town and causing widespread flooding, so the negative impact on physical structures, bridges, homes located around the banks of the Batang Bungkal River (Bappeda, 2012; Hermon, 2014a; Hermon, 2014b; Hermon, 2017; Hermon, 2018a). Flood in 2013 hits three villages, they are Tanjung Village and Tanjung Muda Village Hamparan Rawang District and Tanjung Bungo Village Tanah Kampung District, according to Village Heads, Tanjung is the worst flooding since last 20 years with the impact is the water level has reached 2 meters and stagnant water for 16 days (Tribun Jambi, 2013). In early 2016 flood happen that most serious occurred in the village of Koto Dumo and Koto Padang Tanah Kampung District (Metro Sakti, 2016), resulting in thousands of homes submerged by floodwaters reaching one meter, but floods also caused disturbing access to Sungai Penuh Town because the roads are impassable (Soraklintera, 2016). Not only resulted in thousands of homes submerged and damaged infrastructure, the floods that occurred in the beginning of 2016 also resulted in 247 ha of paddy crop failure (Department of Agriculture, 2016; Hermon et al, 2018a). The flood disaster can also be triggered by human behavior that are not friendly to the environment and the activities of people living along the river, so it cannot be avoided if there was a flood then there is always the losses that arise, both in terms of human life, environmental changes, economy and infrastructure. As well as floods that occurred in the village of Lawang Agung Pondok Tinggi District caused by the contractor drainage projects, flood that occurred in the beginning of 2016, the biggest flood in the history of Sungai Penuh Town in the decade 2014 - March 2016 (Portal Buana Online News, 2016; Hermon, 2017; Hermon, 2018b). Several rows of flood that occurred in several districts in the Sungai Penuh Town, many of public opinion which says that less responsive and slow efforts of the government in handling the flood. It indicates the weakness of the government's role in reducing the risk of floods in the Sungai Penuh Town, therefore it should be an attempt to avoid the occurrence of disasters and reducing the risk of floods, in other words the need mitigation of flood disaster. Mitigation of flood disaster is a series of efforts to reduce the flooding risk, either through physical development or awareness and increase capacity to deal with the threat of floods. Mitigation measures can be done through the mapping of areas that have high levels of flood hazards and also necessary mitigation policy of flood formulation (Paimin et al., 2009 in Hermon, 2012). Method Tutorial flood-mitigation policies conducted through analysis of secondary data, followed by in-depth interviews through informants by the Government of Sungai Penuh Town (BPBDs, Department of Public Works, the Environment Agency, Department of Agriculture), private sector (NGOs), experts (Higher Education), and the community. This is done for the formulation of policy alternatives, while the policy priorities were analyzed by using AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The research location is in the Sungai Penuh Town and data used in this study are (1) primary data obtained directly from the field by observing the characteristics of land-based flood and the level of hazard of flooding (landform, slope of land either side of the river, damming by branching river/tide, meandering (P), the average slope of the watershed, rainfall and land use); (2) supporting secondary data (the number of fatalities and economic losses due to floods) obtained from the relevant agencies such as BAPPEDA, BPS, and BPBD. Results and Discussion The astronomical, situational of Sungai Penuh Town between 101Û14'32'' BT - 101Û27'31" BT and 02Û01'40'' /S - 02Û14'54'' /S. :hile geographically, Sungai Penuh Town are within the scope of Kerinci Regency in the western part of the Province of Jambi directly adjacent to the Province of West Sumatra and Bengkulu. Sungai Penuh Town generally located at an altitude between 500 - 1000 meters above sea level. Slope varies from flat to very steep/ precipitous. Namely fluvial landform, volcanic, denudational, and karst. 9 Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education ISSN: 2580-4030 (Print) 2580-1775 (Online) Vol 2, No. 1, (pp. 8-15), June, 2018 http://sjdgge.ppj.unp.ac.id The type of soil is alluvial, andosol, latosol, and podzolic. The average daily temperature of Sungai Penuh Town is 22.5°C. Relative of air humidity per month by 83%. The average rainfall 1618 mm/yr. The flood disaster is an event that is threatening and disrupting the lives and livelihood caused by overflowing rivers. Mapping areas that have high levels of flood hazard needs to be done so that the government can take appropriate policy in overcoming it. Sungai Penuh Town is one part of the Province of Jambi. Sungai Penuh Town area included in the Sub-Watershed Batanghari. The main river is contained in the Sungai Penuh Town is a Ning River, Pengasah River, Air Sesat River, Air Sempit River, Terung River, Air Hitam River, Batang Sangir River (± 3 km), Air Bungkal River (± 9 km), and Batang Merao River (± 12 km). The main rivers above are included in Sub-Watershed Batanghari, which is a series of watershed from Kerinci Regency. Based on the indicators of rainfall in the study area is about 1618 mm/yr. This allows the occurrence of floods is not too worried mean in terms of rainfall there is nothing to worry about. Based on data from BMKG Meteorological Station Depati Parbo Kerinci in 2015, the highest rainfall in the area of research is in November with an average of 297.3 mm/month, followed in December with an average rainfall of 279.8 mm/month, while the lowest rainfall in the area of research that takes place in October with an average of 9.2 mm/month, followed in succession in September that with an average of 16 mm/month.
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