Environment Impact Assesment for Municipal Solid Waste in Vaddeswaram Village, Guntur District

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019

D. Surajkumar, D. Sonu Singh, D.Satish Chandra 

Abstract: The study focuses on the impacts and the is about 5tonns per day. The waste dumped in mitigation measures of the municipal solid waste (MSW) in vaddeswaram is gathered from the vaddeswaram village vaddeswaram village, Guntur district, through the and the Koneru lakshmaiah educational foundation Environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. It aims to (KLEF), by this the waste generated by an individual is look at the effect of improper management of solid waste. The study analyses the factors contributing to the effect of about 0.45kg/day. improper municipal solid waste management in the Village In order to treat this MSW the waste is classified into 2 and also suggested measures that can possibly help to mitigate types organic and in organic waste .The organic waste the problems. A landfill is designed to minimise the impacts can be treated by landfills and the inorganic waste like from the MSW. Geological study is considered to locate the paper, plastic, glass, e-waste etc can be treated through appropriate site for the installation of landfill, as the recycling process. population of the village is going to increase rapidly the design of land fill is considered for the next 15 years. It discusses the Waste usually creates two types of pollution, which effects of biological, physical and chemical parameters in leads to unsustainable behaviour in the natural environment. environment: Index Terms: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), • Leachate which is a product of organic matter that Landfill, Municipal Solid Waste. percolates through the soil (ground water & rainwater seepage), it is a major source of soil and I. INTRODUCTION ground water contamination, The collection of waste in cities and towns and its • The main cause for the air pollution in the spillage abroad has also become a problem for human environment is the production of Biogas from health and the surrounding area. The leachate of organic feremention process of organic matter (in anaerobic waste begins to seep into groundwater resources and into stage). crop fields, causing water, food and soil fertility As the waste was dumped beside the buckinghum contamination. Air pollutants from the combustion of canal, the properties of water gets changed continuously waste have multiplied the incidence of many diseases. which leads to the unhealthy condition of the stream i.e Municipality Solid waste management has become a pollution. priority public operator for the government the period of time for municipal solid waste varies from one region to II. STUDY AREA another. Some include hazardous household waste, bulky Village – vaddeswaram waste, street sweeping, parks, yard waste, settlements, Area – 3.300 KM2 commercial institutions and workplaces. New varieties of Population – 6280 waste are also emerging, including waste from health services, waste discarded digital devices, including electronic waste (e-waste), engines (VHU), urban agriculture and large amounts of creative and distraction activities, which involve dealing with other new materials. of creative and distraction activities, which involve dealing with other new materials. Vaddeswaram is small village in Guntur district which is located on the banks of Buckinghum canal. The population of this village is about 6280. According to the municipality records, the municipal solid waste generated

Revised Manuscript Received on April 09, 2019. D.Surajkumar, U. G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, KoneruLakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh. SOURCE- GOOGLE MAPS

D.Sonu Singh, U. G. Student, Department of Civil Engineering, KoneruLakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur

District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh.

D.Satish Chandra, Associate Professor, , Department of Civil Engineering, KoneruLakshmaiah Educational Foundation, Green Fields, Guntur District, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh.

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11260476C219 /19©BEIESP 682 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India

The bottom liners, side liners and a top Cover, of the landfill are considered as the most critical components. Penetration of Leachate in to the soil is the major problem in landfills.

SOURCE- GOOGLE MAPS

III. METHODOLOGY A. Landfill The landfill design is the most important process where the organic matter can be decomposed in this technique. ESTIMATION OF SIZE OF LANDFILL S.NO YEAR EXPECTED QUANTITY OF INCREASE IN SOLID QUANTITY OF DENSITY POPULATION WASTE WASTE SOLIDWASTE OF SOLID GENERATED PER GENERATION DUE AFTER REUSE WASTE IS YEAR TO INCREASE IN PER REDUCE AND 350 Kg/m3 (0.45 Kg/cap/day) CAPITA GENERATED COMPOSITION (AVG 2% INCREASE) (ASSUME 40% OF WASTE WILL GO) 1 2019 6280 1031490 1052119.8 631271.88 1803.634 2 2020 6405.6 1052119.8 1073162.196 643897.3176 1839.707 3 2021 6533.712 1073162.196 1094625.44 656775.264 1876.501 4 2022 6664.386 1094625.401 1116517.909 669910.7454 1914.031 5 2023 6797.673 1116517.79 1138848.146 683308.8876 1952.311 6 2024 6933.626 1138848.071 1161625.032 696975.0192 1991.357 7 2025 7072.298 1161624.947 1184857.446 710914.4676 2031.184 8 2026 7213.743 1184857.288 1208554.434 725132.6604 2071.808 9 2027 7358.017 1208554.292 1232725.378 739635.2268 2113.244 10 2028 7505.177 1232725.322 1257379.828 754427.8968 2155.508 11 2029 7655.280 1257379.74 1282527.335 769516.401 2198.618 12 2030 7808.385 1282527.236 1308177.781 784906.6686 2242.59 13 2031 7964.552 1308177.666 1334341.219 800604.7314 2287.442 14 2032 8123.843 1334341.213 1361028.037 816616.8222 2333.191 15 2033 8286.319 1361027.896 1388248.454 832949.0724 2379.854 31190.98

The total volume up to 2033 is 31190.98 kg/m3 Additional volume required for the base line, cover and soil filling regular waste (30% is assumed) =1.3x31190.98 =40548.274kg/m3 Height of land fill =5m 3m below ground level ; 2m above ground level. Area of landfill A=Volume/height =40548.274/5 A=8109.6548m2

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11260476C219 /19©BEIESP 683 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019

IV. DESIGN OF LAND FILL i. Garbage collected in warehouses, street sweeping and yard waste should be treated the same day. ii. All biodegradable waste in the solid waste must be separated and the composting process must be done on the same day. iii. The biodegradable waste of municipal solid waste should be protected with a layer of soil, a geosynthetic covering and a layer of geogrid to avoid contact with air and, in addition, rain. iv. The sowing must occur around the filling, which facilitates the absorption of carbon dioxide and other gases generated by the filling. B. Water quality aspects A strict management plan must be established to control the contamination of the water in the landfill: i. A geosynthetic coating system is used in the design of the sanitary landfill to prevent penetration of the lechato into the soil. ii. This lechate is collected through the lechate headings found in the lower part of the landfill layer. iii. A final cover system should be provided at the top Fig. 1 Land Fill of the sanitary landfill that complements the surface drainage, infiltrates the water and helps the plants V. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS on the surface. The activities involved in the municipal solid waste management system are collection, storage, transport, VII. RESULTS disposal, etc. Even if all these activities are adequately 1. Chloride measurement for buckinghum canal controlled and appropriate precautions have been taken, they can have a negative impact on the soil. S1=Water sample before dump yard Environment, air and water, human and environmental S2=Water sample at dump yard health, aesthetics and quality of life. The impact S3=Water sample after dump yard assessment on the environment and health can help assess Sample details Volume of Chloride content the possible adverse effects of these activities and sample taken in water (mg/l) formulate precautions that could prevent these effects S1 100 55.67 from occurring. S2 100 61.1 A. Odour S3 100 55.14

The smell is a parameter that becomes important due to its unbearable characteristics. A nauseating and foul smell Chloride measurement causes headaches, nausea and vomiting, and even dizziness, between landfills and local residents. The 120 intensity and duration of odor are important. Some odors 100 are present every day, while others are active for a shorter duration. Everything depends on the nature of the 80 compostable materials in the municipal solid waste 60 B. Water quality aspects 40 The Buckinghum Canal flows next to the proposed 20 landfill. It is very likely that the leachate from the landfill will settle and reach the waters of the river. Leachate has 0 considerable potential for contamination and poses a 0 1 2 3 4 threat to health and the environment. Samples taken at the Buckinghum Canal at the project site show signs of Volume of sample taken contamination. Chloride content in water (mg/l)

VI. MITIGATION MEASURES Fig. 2 Chloride measurement A. Odour The smell of waste can be avoided by the following steps:

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11260476C219 /19©BEIESP 684 & Sciences Publication International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE-2019) | 21-23 March 2019 | K L Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, A.P. India

2. PH SAMPLE DETAILS PH VALUES DO (ppm) S1 8.69 2.75 S2 8.46 S3 8.66 2.7

PH VALUES 2.65 8.75 2.6 8.7 2.55 8.65

8.6 2.5

8.55 2.45 8.5 0 1 2 3 4

8.45 Fig. 5 DO

8.4 5. Total Hardness 0 1 2 3 4 SAMPLE DETAILS TOTAL HARDNESS mg/l S1 185

Fig. 3 PH Value S2 197.5 S3 204 3. Turbidity SAMPLE DETAILS TURBIDITY VALUE TOTAL HARDNESS mg/l (NTU) S1 6.97 205 S2 4.79 S3 10.3 200

TURBIDITY VALUE (NTU) 195 12 190 10

8 185

6 180 0 1 2 3 4 4

Fig. 6 Total Hardness 2 6. TDS 0 SAMPLE DETAILS TDS (ppm) 0 1 2 3 4 S1 417 S2 404 Fig. 4 Turbidity S3 396

4. Dissolved oxygen Sample details DO (ppm) S1 2.7 S2 2.5 S3 2.5

Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering Retrieval Number: F11260476C219 /19©BEIESP 685 & Sciences Publication International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE) ISSN: 2277-3878, Volume-7, Issue-6C2, April 2019

D.SONU SINGH, Undergraduate student TDS (ppm) in civil engineering Department Koneru Lakshmaiah education foundation, 420 Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India.

415 D.SATISH CHANDRA, Working as an Associate professor in civil engineering 410 department, KL Deemed to be university, vaddeswaram, who completed his B.tech in 405 Civil engineering department, and later finished his PG (or) Masters from central queens land 400 university melbourne, Australia.He finished his doctor of philosophy from Koneru lakshmaiah education 395 foundation in civil engineering he has membership in institute of engineers in (india) he has 14years of experience in teaching and research. 390 0 1 2 3 4

Fig. 7 TDS

VIII. CONCLUSION As the experimental results shows that the water of buckinghum canal gets contaminated due to this open dumping of MSW, quality of water is reducing as it is a very sensitive zone area and there is no proper composting techniques are used. The present location of the dumpyard should be shifted to other location. The proposed landfill is to be implemented in a suitable location and it requires area of 8000 m2.

REFERSENCE 1. Dr.D.P.Nagarajappa,Reshme B N. “Engineering landfill design for municipal solid waste management,banglore , International journal of engineering research & technology(IJERT) Volume 4 issue 02,February-2015. 2. Lohri, C.R., Camenzind, E.J. and Zurbrügg, C., 2014. Financial sustainability in municipal solid waste management–Costs and revenues in Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Waste Management, 34(2), pp.542-552. 3. Baig, S., Thiéblin, E., Zuliani, F., Jenny, R., Coste, C., DEGREMONT, S. and Bern, O.Z.O.N.I.A., 1997, April. Landfill leachate treatment: Case studies. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Ozonation and Related Oxidation Process in Water and Waste Treatment, Berlin, Germany (pp. 21-23). 4. Landfill design-overview,IITM-EWRE 5. Al-Salem, S.M., Lettieri, P. and Baeyens, J., 2009. Recycling and recovery routes of plastic solid waste (PSW): A review. Waste management, 29(10), pp.2625- 2643. 6. Alekhya, M., Divya, N., Jyothirmai, G. and Reddy, K.R., 2013. Secured landfills for disposal of municipal solid waste. Int. J. Eng. Res. Gen. Sci, 1(1).. 7. Miezah, K., Obiri-Danso, K., Kádár, Z., Fei-Baffoe, B. and Mensah, M.Y., 2015. Municipal solid waste characterization and quantification as a measure towards effective waste management in Ghana. Waste Management, 46, pp.15-27.

AUTHORS PROFILE D.SURAJKUMAR, undergraduate student in civil engineering Department Koneru Lakshmaiah education foundation, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, India.